Examen De Los Informes Presentados Por Los Estados Partes En Virtud Del

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Examen De Los Informes Presentados Por Los Estados Partes En Virtud Del Naciones Unidas CEDAW/C/CAF/1-5 Convención sobre la eliminación Distr. general 21 de febrero de 2013 de todas las formas de Español Original: francés discriminación contra la mujer Comité para la Eliminación de la Discriminación contra la Mujer Examen de los informes presentados por los Estados partes en virtud del artículo 18 de la Convención sobre la eliminación de todas las formas de discriminación contra la mujer Informes periódicos inicial a quinto de los Estados partes República Centroafricana* [26 de junio de 2012] * De conformidad con la información transmitida a los Estados partes acerca de la publicación de sus informes, el presente documento no fue objeto de revisión editorial. GE.13-41413 (EXT) CEDAW/C/CAF/1-5 Índice Párrafos Página Siglas ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 I. Introducción ............................................................................................................ 1–10 6 II. Primera parte. Presentación de la República Centroafricana................................... 11–143 7 A. Datos generales sobre la República Centroafricana........................................ 11–79 7 1. Marco geográfico ................................................................................... 11–15 7 2. Población................................................................................................ 16–27 8 3. Situación económica .............................................................................. 28–56 10 4. Finanzas públicas y deuda del Estado .................................................... 57–65 14 5. Indicadores de desarrollo........................................................................ 66–69 15 6. Servicios sociales ................................................................................... 70–79 16 B. Estructura política y administrativa ................................................................ 80–101 17 1. Evolución política del territorio de la República Centroafricana ........... 80–95 17 2. Organización administrativa................................................................... 96–101 20 C. Marco jurídico general de protección de los derechos humanos en la República Centroafricana............................................................................ 102–136 21 1. Mecanismos judiciales de protección de los derechos humanos ............ 102–119 21 2. Vías de recurso....................................................................................... 120–123 22 3. Mecanismos no jurisdiccionales............................................................. 124–134 23 4. Lugar de los instrumentos internacionales en el ordenamiento jurídico centroafricano ........................................................................... 135–136 25 D. Información y publicidad................................................................................ 137–143 26 III. Segunda parte. Informaciones relativas a los artículos 1 a 16 de la Convención .... 144–467 27 Artículo 1. Definición de la discriminación ............................................................ 144–155 27 Artículo 2. Obligación de eliminar la discriminación ............................................. 156–161 29 Artículo 3. Desarrollo y adelanto de la mujer ......................................................... 162–178 30 Artículo 4. Mejora de la igualdad entre el hombre y la mujer................................. 179–183 33 Artículo 5. Papeles y estereotipos de género........................................................... 184–219 34 Artículo 6. Supresión de la explotación de la mujer................................................ 220–244 39 Artículo 7. Participación de la mujer en la vida política y pública.......................... 245–260 44 Artículo 8. Representación y participación en el plano internacional ..................... 261–272 47 Artículo 9. Nacionalidad ......................................................................................... 273–284 49 Artículo 10. Igualdad en la educación..................................................................... 285–315 51 Artículo 11. Empleo................................................................................................ 316–338 57 Artículo 12. Igualdad de acceso a los servicios de salud......................................... 339–380 60 2 GE.13-41413 (EXT) CEDAW/C/CAF/1-5 Artículo 13. Ventajas económicas y sociales .......................................................... 381–399 69 Artículo 14. La mujer rural ..................................................................................... 400–425 72 Artículo 15. Igualdad ante la ley y en materia civil................................................. 426–446 76 Artículo 16. Igualdad en el marco del matrimonio y del derecho de familia .......... 447–469 78 IV. Conclusión y recomendaciones............................................................................... 470–477 83 Bibliografía.................................................................................................................................................. 85 GE.13-41413 (EXT) 3 CEDAW/C/CAF/1-5 Siglas ACABEF Association Centrafricaine pour le Bien-Etre Familial ACAT Acción de los Cristianos para la Abolición de la Tortura ACNUR Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados AFJC Association des Femmes Juristes de Centrafrique BONUCA Oficina de las Naciones Unidas de Apoyo a la Consolidación de la Paz en la República Centroafricana CBCA Commercial Bank Centrafrique CFA Cooperación financiera en África central CIAF Comité Inter Africain sur les violences à l’égard des femmes CICR Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja CIFAD Comité International des Femmes Africaines pour le Développement CMCA Crédit Mutuel de Centrafrique COOPI Cooperazione Internazionale CTP-PAS Comité técnico permanente de seguimiento de los programas de ajuste estructural DELP Documento de estrategia de lucha contra la pobreza EDS Encuesta demográfica y de salud ENERCA Energie Centrafricaine ENS Escuela Normal Superior FAO Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura FMI Fondo Monetario Internacional MESAN Mouvement de l’évolution sociale de l’Afrique noire MSF Médicos Sin Fronteras OCAH Oficina de Coordinación de Asuntos Humanitarios OCODEFAD Organisation pour la Compassion et la Défense des Familles en Détresse ODM Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio OFCA Organisation des Femmes Centrafricaines OMS Organización Mundial de la Salud ONG Organización no gubernamental ONUSIDA Programa conjunto de las Naciones Unidas sobre el VIH/SIDA PIB Producto interno bruto PMA Programa Mundial de Alimentos 4 GE.13-41413 (EXT) CEDAW/C/CAF/1-5 PNUD Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo SOCATEL Sociedad centroafricana de telecomunicaciones UNFPA Fondo de Población de las Naciones Unidas UNICEF Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia UNIFEM Fondo de Desarrollo de las Naciones Unidas para la Mujer GE.13-41413 (EXT) 5 CEDAW/C/CAF/1-5 I. Introducción 1. La Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos de 10 de diciembre de 1948 afirma en su artículo primero que todos los seres humanos son iguales. No obstante, la mujer sigue siendo objeto de todo tipo de discriminación. Asimismo, la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas decidió que la comunidad internacional se comprometiera en la lucha por el adelanto de la mujer al aprobar, mediante su resolución 34/180 de 18 de diciembre de 1979, la Convención sobre la eliminación de todas las formas de discriminación contra la mujer (en adelante la Convención), que entró en vigor el 3 de septiembre de 1981. 2. En virtud del artículo 18 de la Convención, todos los países que la hayan ratificado se comprometen a presentar, en los primeros dos años, un informe inicial sobre todas las medidas legislativas, judiciales, administrativas, sociales y económicas adoptadas en favor de la mujer, así como informes periódicos cada cuatro años sobre los progresos realizados en esos ámbitos. 3. La República Centroafricana ratificó sin reservas la Convención el 12 de julio de 1991, es decir, diez años después de su entrada en vigor. Lamentablemente, hasta ahora no ha remitido ningún informe a la Secretaría General de las Naciones Unidas por diversas razones. 4. Los problemas sociopolíticos de principios de la década de 1990 relacionados con la reivindicación de la democracia, seguidos de los recurrentes episodios político-militares ocurridos en el país desde 1996, no permitieron que la República Centroafricana cumpliera los plazos para la elaboración del informe inicial y los distintos informes periódicos conforme a las disposiciones del artículo 18 de la Convención. No obstante, el Gobierno emprendió diversas iniciativas de elaboración del informe nacional, en 1996, 2002, 2006 y 2008, que no consiguieron cuajar. 5. El Gobierno de la República Centroafricana, decidido a cumplir su compromiso con el Comité para la Eliminación de la Discriminación contra la Mujer, a la estela de la reconciliación producida tras el Diálogo político inclusivo, encargó a un equipo de consultores nacionales la elaboración de este informe, que abarca el período de 1991 a 2009. 6. El equipo de expertos nacionales estuvo integrado por dos juristas y dos sociólogos. La labor de este equipo se ajustó a las directrices generales establecidas por el Comité para la Eliminación de la Discriminación contra la Mujer, en
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