DOCSLIB.ORG

Social Stratification

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Syllabi Course Syllabi Spring 2-1-2019 SOCI 325.01: Social Stratification Daisy Rooks University of Montana, Missoula, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/syllabi Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Rooks, Daisy, "SOCI 325.01: Social Stratification" (2019). Syllabi. 10463. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/syllabi/10463 This Syllabus is brought to you for free and open access by the Course Syllabi at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Syllabi by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Social Stratification Spring 2019 University of Montana Course Number: 31541 – SOCI 325 Day: Tuesdays & Thursdays Time: 11:00 AM – 12:20 PM Class Location: JRH 204 Teaching Team Contact Information Professor: Daisy Rooks Email: [email protected] Office Phone: (406) 243-2852 Office Location: Social Science 313 Office Hours: Thursdays 1:00-3:00 PM Fridays 3:00-4:30 PM and other times by appointment, when possible Pronouns: She/her/hers Teaching Assistant: Rachel Schafer Email: [email protected] Office Location: Social Science 322 Office Hours: Tuesdays 12:30-2:30 PM Pronouns: She/her/hers Course Overview Course Description Social stratification is the study of social divisions based on class, power, status, rank, and a host of other factors. Sociologists, economists, journalists, policy-makers, and social activists have long been concerned with inequalities that exist in society, how they are generated, and their consequences for individuals and societies. Stratification is a broad topic that encompasses complex theories, various methodologies, and a number of academic disciplines. It is also a dynamic area of sociological research, since systems of inequality change over time in response to changes in the economy, politics, social policies, and attitudes. This courses employs a combination of theoretical readings, empirical works, lectures, class discussions, and exercises to examine the phenomenon of inequality in the U.S. Some lectures and class discussions will explore how theories of stratification relate to current events and contemporary debates about inequality in the U.S. 1 Course Objectives First, students will consider the role of inequality in today’s society. They will be introduced to common measures of inequality including status, power, income, and wealth. Next, students will explore three theories of stratification; Functionalist, Post-Marxist, and Weberian. They will learn the logic of each theoretical perspective and consider how proponents of each perspective would make sense of contemporary inequalities. Students will then examine how inequality is lived by exploring the lifestyles, consumption patterns, and experiences of people of color, low income people, women, and immigrants. Next, students will gain insights into the mechanisms that produce and sustain inequality, including incarceration, systems of production, redlining, labor market discrimination and social networks. Finally, students will examine several strategies for reducing or eradicating inequality, and debate the merits of each. This Course Counts towards the concentration in Inequality and Social Justice in the Sociology department. If you would like to know more about this option, visit the Sociology department website: http://hs.umt.edu/sociology/undergraduate/degree-options.php . Counts towards the major and minor in Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies. If you would like to know more about the Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies program, you can drop by the program office (LA 138A-B) or visit their website: http://hs.umt.edu/wgss/. Counts towards the major and minor in African-American Studies. If you would like to know more about the African-American Studies program, you can visit their website: http://hs.umt.edu/aas/. Expectations of Students Active Learning This is a challenging course. In order to pass it, you will need to adopt an active approach to learning. You will prepare carefully for each class session by reading the assigned material in advance of class and bringing it to class with you, so that you can refer to it during lectures and discussions. During class you will listen, take notes, ask questions, and participate in discussions. You will also refrain from texting, emailing, surfing the web, and using social media during class; they disrupt your classmates, and are disrespectful to your instructor. If you are unable to attend a class, you will obtain lecture notes from another student. Members of the teaching team will not provide lecture notes or PowerPoint slides to students, regardless of the reason for their absence. Respectful Participation This course covers topics that are controversial and uncomfortable. All students will participate respectfully, in order to help maintain a respectful, open and inquisitive classroom environment. This means: Explaining your views using reasoned arguments, and provide evidence for assertions of fact. Using personal anecdotes sparingly. When sharing a personal anecdote, always connect it back to the course material. 2 Respecting others’ views and listening. You do not have to agree with your classmates, but you should give them your full attention and consideration when they are talking during class sessions. Communication You should maintain a university email account and check it regularly for class announcements. You are responsible for all information contained in emails that I send to you. Feel free to contact me via email (or in my office hours) with questions or concerns about the course and/or your performance in the course. When emailing me, always: Use your UM email account University policy prohibits faculty and staff both from responding to emails sent from students’ personal, non-UM email accounts *and* sharing grade information via email. Include “SOCI 325” or “Social Stratification” in the subject line of your email Start your email with a professional greeting (Dear Professor Rooks or Dear Doctor Rooks are best) End your email by signing your full name (first and last) Academic Honesty You must practice academic honesty in this course. Academic misconduct is subject to an academic penalty by the course instructor and/or disciplinary sanction by the University. All students need to be familiar with the Student Conduct Code, which is available for review online (http://www.umt.edu/student-affairs/dean-of- students/default.php). Secure Permission Before Recording To ensure the free and open discussion of ideas in this course, you must secure advance written permission from me before recording lectures, discussions, or review sessions. Students with permission to record may only use recordings for educational purposes; they may not modify, publish, copy, or distribute the recordings, even to other students in the class. Students whose accommodations from Disability Services for Students include recording class sessions must present their accommodation letter to me before recording any class sessions. Accessibility The University of Montana assures equal access to instruction through collaboration between students with disabilities, instructors, and Disability Services for Students. If you think that you may have a disability that adversely affects your academic performance and you have not already registered with Disability Services, please contact Disability Services in Lommasson Center 154 or (406) 243-2243. I will work with you and Disability Services to provide an appropriate modification. Expectations of the Professor Communication I will communicate regularly with students in the course using their UM email accounts. These emails will contain important information about the class schedule, class content, exams, and assignments. I will do my best to respond to student emails within 48 hours during the week; I do not check my UM email account on the weekends. When I answer a question during class that a student emailed me, I consider the question answered. 3 Affirming Names and Pronouns The teaching team for this course affirms people of all gender expressions and gender identities. We will gladly honor your request to address you by the name and gender pronoun that you prefer. If you go by a different name than the name on the class roster, please let us know early in the semester so that we can make appropriate changes to our records. For information about name changes at the University of Montana, please go here: https://www.umt.edu/registrar/students/name-change/default.php. Engaging a Community of Diverse Learners Students in my courses have diverse worldviews and experiences, disparate learning styles, varied levels of academic preparation, and dissimilar backgrounds in Sociology. I view this diversity positively, believing that it makes teaching and learning more interesting, dynamic, and relevant than it would be in courses full of homogenous learners. Over the years I have developed techniques to integrate diverse learners into my classrooms. I provide structured, linear class sessions. I encourage students to participate actively and frequently in class discussions. I encourage students to interrogate the course material closely when it does not make intuitive sense to them. I create a somewhat casual learning environment to spark students’ interest, using
Recommended publications
  • Toward a Critical-Reflexive Sociology

    Toward a Critical-Reflexive Sociology

    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-2011 Mediating Justice: Toward A Critical-Reflexive Sociology George Christopher Gondo [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Inequality and Stratification Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, and the Theory, Knowledge and Science Commons Recommended Citation Gondo, George Christopher, "Mediating Justice: Toward A Critical-Reflexive Sociology. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2011. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1069 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by George Christopher Gondo entitled "Mediating Justice: Toward A Critical-Reflexive Sociology." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Sociology. Harry F. Dahms, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Stephen P. Dandaneau, R. Scott Frey Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Mediating Justice: Toward a Critical-reflexive Sociology A Thesis Presented for the Master of Arts Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville George Christopher Gondo December 2011 Copyright © 2011 by George C.
  • The Revival of Economic Sociology

    The Revival of Economic Sociology

    Chapter 1 The Revival of Economic Sociology MAURO F. G UILLEN´ , RANDALL COLLINS, PAULA ENGLAND, AND MARSHALL MEYER conomic sociology is staging a comeback after decades of rela- tive obscurity. Many of the issues explored by scholars today E mirror the original concerns of the discipline: sociology emerged in the first place as a science geared toward providing an institutionally informed and culturally rich understanding of eco- nomic life. Confronted with the profound social transformations of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the founders of so- ciological thought—Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Georg Simmel—explored the relationship between the economy and the larger society (Swedberg and Granovetter 1992). They examined the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services through the lenses of domination and power, solidarity and inequal- ity, structure and agency, and ideology and culture. The classics thus planted the seeds for the systematic study of social classes, gender, race, complex organizations, work and occupations, economic devel- opment, and culture as part of a unified sociological approach to eco- nomic life. Subsequent theoretical developments led scholars away from this originally unified approach. In the 1930s, Talcott Parsons rein- terpreted the classical heritage of economic sociology, clearly distin- guishing between economics (focused on the means of economic ac- tion, or what he called “the adaptive subsystem”) and sociology (focused on the value orientations underpinning economic action). Thus, sociologists were theoretically discouraged from participating 1 2 The New Economic Sociology in the economics-sociology dialogue—an exchange that, in any case, was not sought by economists. It was only when Parsons’s theory was challenged by the reality of the contentious 1960s (specifically, its emphasis on value consensus and system equilibration; see Granovet- ter 1990, and Zelizer, ch.
  • Funk the Clock: Transgressing Time While Young, Prescient and Black A

    Funk the Clock: Transgressing Time While Young, Prescient and Black A

    Funk the Clock: Transgressing Time While Young, Prescient and Black A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Rahsaan Mahadeo IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Advisers: David Pellow and Joyce Bell August 2019 © 2019 Rahsaan Mahadeo Acknowledgements Pursuing a PhD has at times felt like the most selfish endeavor I have ever undertaken. For I knew that every book I read and every paper I wrote was largely for personal gain. Not coming from academic lineage or economic privilege, I could not escape the profound sense of guilt of leaving so many behind in the everyday struggle to live, labor and learn in a school that is less of a land-grant institution and more of a land-grab institution; an educational system that is more private than public; a corporation that presents students with more educational opportunists than educational opportunities; a sea of scholarship that looks more like colonizer ships; and a tower that is as anti ebony as it is ivory. Most know it as the “U of M,” when it is really the U of empire. Here, I would like to take the opportunity to counter the university’s individualistic and neoliberal logic to thank several people who have helped me cope with the challenges of living, learning and laboring in a space designed without me (and many others) in mind. Thank you to my advisers David Pellow and Joyce Bell for supporting me along my graduate school journey. Though illegible to the university, I recognize and appreciate the inordinate amount of labor you perform inside and outside the classroom.
  • Ethnography of Human Development, Cognition and Learning

    Ethnography of Human Development, Cognition and Learning

    EDPSY 582A —Methods Seminar: Ethnography of Human Development, Cognition and Learning Fall 2014 Wednesdays 1:30 to 3:50 Miller 112 INSTRUCTORS Philip Bell Megan Bang LIFE Center LIFE Center [email protected] [email protected] Office Hours: By appt Office Hours: By appt COURSE OVERVIEW “The situated nature of learning, remembering, and understanding is a central fact. It may appear obvious that human minds develop in social situations, and that they use the tools and representational media that culture provides to support, extend, and reorganize mental functioning. But cognitive theories of knowledge representation and educational practice, in school and in the workplace, have not been sufficiently responsive to questions about these relationships.” — Roy Pea & John Seely Brown, 1991 “If ethnography produces cultural interpretations through intense field research experience, how is such unruly experience transformed into an authoritative written account? How, precisely, is a garrulous, overdetermined, cross-cultural encounter, shot through with power relations and personal cross purposes circumscribed as an adequate version of a more-or-less discrete ‘otherworld,’ composed by an individual author?” — James Clifford Learning and development are complex phenomena. The cultural and cognitive processes bound up in learning can be crucially contingent on the history of local community practices, the social and material conditions of specific situations, and they can span across social settings, activity systems, and cultural groupings and deeply relate to the local history. Learning processes and outcomes can play out across short to long time scales from milliseconds to decades. These complexities pose particular conceptual, methodological, and representational challenges. Studies of human development and learning have taken an ethnographic turn over the last twenty years.
  • What Is Economic Sociology and Should Any Economists Care?

    What Is Economic Sociology and Should Any Economists Care?

    What Is Economic Sociology and Should Any Economists Care? Robert Gibbons* Robert Gibbons is Sloan Distinguished Professor of Organizational Economics and Strategy, Sloan School of Management and Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. * I am grateful to Tim Taylor for helpful comments and to Jim Baron, Roberto Fernandez, Jim March, Joel Podolny, Jesper Sorensen, and Ezra Zuckerman for patient tutoring. 1 A couple years ago, two of my colleagues independently proposed approximately the same title for their respective contributions to a series of lunchtime talks: “Why Erving Goffman Is My Hero (and Should Be Yours, Too).” I emerged from these two lunches mightily impressed – both by Goffman’s (1959) insights into The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life and by the potential for Goffman’s micro-sociological research to inspire a major new research stream in behavioral game theory. In a similar spirit, I considered titling this introduction “Why Robert Merton Is My Hero,” but this approach seemed prone to at least two problems. First, explaining hero worship in a short space would probably require poetry, which is not my forte. Second, I feared that the title would be opaque to those economists who would immediately think of Robert C. Merton, the Nobel Laureate in financial economics, rather than his father Robert K. Merton, one of the great sociologists in the history of that discipline. I take the ideas in these papers and their underlying sociological literatures quite seriously. In fact, one sociologist friend recently declared that I have an “economist’s eye for the sociological guy.” More precisely, my interest is in economic sociology, which I will define as the sociology of economic actors and institutions; see the two Handbooks of Economic Sociology by Smelser and Swedberg (1994, forthcoming) for volumes of detail.
  • Intersecting Inequalities: Four Essays on Race, Immigration, and Gender in the Contemporary United States

    Intersecting Inequalities: Four Essays on Race, Immigration, and Gender in the Contemporary United States

    INTERSECTING INEQUALITIES: FOUR ESSAYS ON RACE, IMMIGRATION, AND GENDER IN THE CONTEMPORARY UNITED STATES by Emily K. Greenman A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Public Policy and Sociology) in The University of Michigan 2007 Doctoral Committee: Professor Yu Xie, Co-Chair Professor Mary E. Corcoran, Co-Chair Professor Sheldon H. Danziger Professor Pamela J. Smock © Emily K. Greenman 2007 To Mom and Dad, who have unfailingly supported my education from the earliest days. ii Acknowledgements I would like first to acknowledge the contributions of my advisor, Yu Xie, to Chapters 2 and 4, which will be published as coauthored papers. This dissertation was written with financial support from both the University of Michigan’s Population Studies Center and Rackham Graduate School. I was a trainee in both the Population Studies Center and the Quantitative Methodology Program at the University of Michigan during my graduate studies, and I have benefited greatly from the supportive and intellectually dynamic environments of both these programs. I owe great thanks to my committee, who couldn’t have been more generous with their support, time, and feedback. Pam Smock has always been able to make me think of my research from new directions and has helped me hone my critical thinking skills. Sheldon Danziger provided copious amounts of detailed and astute comments on my work, making sure that I wouldn’t be caught off guard by anything journal reviewers might have to say. A special thanks goes to Mary Corcoran, who recruited me into the joint Public Policy and Sociology doctoral program and who has been a continual source of support and encouragement ever since.
  • Social Sciences $€ £ ¥

    Social Sciences $€ £ ¥

    social sciences $€ £ ¥ Article Segregation, Stereotypes, and STEM Sarah Thébaud and Maria Charles * Department of Sociology, University of California—Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9430, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 10 May 2018; Accepted: 4 July 2018; Published: 9 July 2018 Abstract: Scientific, technical, engineering, and mathematical (STEM) occupations are strongholds of gender segregation in the contemporary United States. While many Americans regard this segregation as natural and inevitable, closer examination reveals a great deal of variability in the gendering of STEM fields across time, space, and demographic groups. This article assesses how different theoretical accounts accord with the available evidence on the gender composition of scientific and technical fields. We find most support for accounts that allow for a dynamic interplay between individual-level traits and the broader sociocultural environments in which they develop. The existing evidence suggests, in particular, that Western cultural stereotypes about the nature of STEM work and STEM workers and about the intrinsic qualities of men and women can be powerful drivers of individual aptitudes, aspirations, and affinities. We offer an illustrative catalog of stereotypes that support women’s STEM-avoidance and men’s STEM-affinity, and we conclude with some thoughts on policy implications. Keywords: gender; STEM; segregation; stereotypes; culture; work; occupations; science; inequality For more than three decades, American educators, policy makers, activists, and business leaders have engaged in research and policy initiatives to increase the presence of women and other underrepresented groups in scientific, technical, engineering, and mathematical (STEM) occupations and fields of study. These efforts have been motivated by interests in broadening opportunities in lucrative, high-status occupations and in ameliorating acute STEM labor shortages that are believed to threaten national prosperity, private profits and the public welfare.
  • The Revival of Economic Sociology Chapter Author(S): Mauro F

    The Revival of Economic Sociology Chapter Author(S): Mauro F

    Russell Sage Foundation Chapter Title: The Revival of Economic Sociology Chapter Author(s): Mauro F. Guillén, Randall Collins, Paula England and Marshall Meyer Book Title: New Economic Sociology, The Book Subtitle: Developments in an Emerging Field Book Editor(s): Mauro F. Guillén, Randall Collins, Paula England, Marshall Meyer Published by: Russell Sage Foundation. (2002) Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7758/9781610442602.5 JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms Russell Sage Foundation is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to New Economic Sociology, The This content downloaded from 68.8.44.142 on Sat, 14 Mar 2020 00:04:00 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Chapter 1 The Revival of Economic Sociology MAURO F. G UILLEN´ , RANDALL COLLINS, PAULA ENGLAND, AND MARSHALL MEYER conomic sociology is staging a comeback after decades of rela- tive obscurity. Many of the issues explored by scholars today E mirror the original concerns of the discipline: sociology emerged in the first place as a science geared toward providing an institutionally informed and culturally rich understanding of eco- nomic life. Confronted with the profound social transformations of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the founders of so- ciological thought—Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Georg Simmel—explored the relationship between the economy and the larger society (Swedberg and Granovetter 1992).
  • American Economic Association

    American Economic Association

    American Economic Association A Sociological Perspective on Gender and Career Outcomes Author(s): Barbara F. Reskin and Denise D. Bielby Source: The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Winter, 2005), pp. 71-86 Published by: American Economic Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4134993 Accessed: 10/01/2009 17:54 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=aea. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. American Economic Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Economic Perspectives.
  • Noel A. Cazenave

    Noel A. Cazenave

    2020 NOEL A. CAZENAVE CURRICULUM VITAE POSITIONS AND CONTACT INFORMATION: Professor of Sociology, Department of Sociology, The University of Connecticut Faculty. Department of Sociology, The University of Connecticut, Unit 1068, Manchester Hall, Storrs, CT 06269-2068 (860) 486-4190, FAX (860) 486-6356, www.sociology.uconn.edu Faculty. Urban and Community Studies, The University of Connecticut, 85 Lawler Road, West Hartford, CT 06117-2697 (860) 570-9222, FAX (860) 570-9199, www.urban.uconn.edu Faculty Affiliations at the University of Connecticut. Africana Studies Institute, www.africana.uconn.edu; American Studies, www.americanstudies.uconn.edu Work Email Address: [email protected] Home Address: 6 Atwood Street, Unit B, Hartford, CT 06105-1801 Phone and FAX (860) 548-9799 EDUCATION: Postdoctoral Study. University of Pennsylvania, Fall, 1989 and University of New Hampshire, December 1977-June1978. Ph.D. Sociology. Tulane University. December, 1977. M.A. Psychology. University of Michigan. December, 1971. B.A. Magna Cum Laude, Psychology. Dillard University, New Orleans, LA, June, 1970. BOOKS: 2018 Noel A. Cazenave, Killing African Americans: Police and Vigilante Violence as a Racial Control Mechanism (New York: Routledge). 2016 Noel A. Cazenave, Conceptualizing Racism: Breaking the Chains of Racially Accommodative Language. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. NOEL A. CAZENAVE 2 2011 Noel A. Cazenave, The Urban Racial State: Managing Race Relations in American Cities. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. 2007 Noel A. Cazenave, Impossible Democracy: The Unlikely Success of the War on Poverty Community Action Programs. Albany, N.Y.: SUNY Press. 2001 Kenneth J. Neubeck and Noel A. Cazenave Welfare Racism: Playing the Race Card Against America’s Poor.
  • Toward Gender Equality: Progress and Bottlenecks

    Toward Gender Equality: Progress and Bottlenecks

    Chapter 8 Toward Gender Equality: Progress and Bottlenecks Paula England s the significance of gender declining in America? Are men's and women's lives and rewards becoming more similar? To answer this question, I examine trends in market work and unpaid household work, including child care. I consider whether men's and women's employment and hours in paid work are converging, and examine trends in occupational sex segregation and the sex gap in pay. I also consider trends in men's and women's hours of paid work and household work. The emergent picture is one Iof convergence within each of the two areas of paid and unpaid work. Yet progress is not continuous and has stalled recently. Sometimes it continues on one front and stops on another. Gender change is also asymmetric in two ways: things have changed in paid work more than in the household, and women have dramatically increased their participation in formerly "male" activities, but men's inroads into traditionally female occupations or household tasks is very limited by comparison. I consider what these trends portend for the future of gender inequality. Robert Max Jackson argues (see chapter 7, this volume) that continued progress toward gender inequality is inevitable. I agree with him that many forces push in the direction of treating similarly situated men and women equally in bureaucratic organizations. Nonetheless, I conclude that the two related asymmetries in gender change—the sluggish change in the household and in men taking on traditionally female activities in any sphere- create bottlenecks that can dampen if not reverse egalitarian trends.
  • Mapping White College Students' Racial Ideology in The

    Mapping White College Students' Racial Ideology in The

    ARTICLE 50 “I am not a racist but . .”: mapping White college students’ racial ideology in the USA Discourse & Society Copyright © 2000 SAGE Publications (London, EDUARDO BONILLA-SILVA Thousand Oaks, CA TEXAS A& M UNIVERSITY and New Delhi) Vol 11(1): 50–85 [0957-9265 TYRONE A. FORMAN (200001) 11:1; UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 50–85; 008598] ABSTRACT. Survey-based research on Whites’ racial attitudes in the USA has characterized their views as either ‘tolerant’ or ‘ambivalent’. We argue that surveys on racial attitudes have systematically underestimated the extent of prejudice in the White population. The legal and normative changes created by the civil rights movement of the 1960s brought a new racial ideology (‘color blind racism’), with new topics and a new form. These matters were examined by collecting survey and interview data from college students in three universities. The main findings were that White respondents appear to be more prejudiced in the interviews than in the survey, use a new racetalk to avoid appearing ‘racist’, and that the themes and arguments that they mobilize are congruent with what other analysts have labeled as ‘laissez faire’ or ‘competitive’ racism. KEY WORDS: color blind, racial ideology, racism, semantic moves Introduction Since the civil rights period it has become common for Whites to use phrases such as “I am not a racist, but . .” as shields to avoid being labeled as “racist” when express- ing racial ideas’ (VanDijk, 1984:120).These discursive maneuvers or semantic moves are usually followed by negative statements on the general character of minorities (e.g. “they are lazy”, “they have too many babies”) or on government-sponsored poli- cies and programs that promote racial equality (e.g.