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This is an open access article under the CCBY-NC-SAThis Universidad NacionalAutónoma de México. Peer Reviewing under the responsibility of Manuscript June accepted: 8,2019 Corrected manuscript received: May 15,2019 Manuscript received: 29,2019 April BSGM2020v72n2a100619 A100619. http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/ la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, 72(2), province, Central : Boletín de fromconodonts Baqer-Abad section, northeast M., 2020,Late () Bahrami, A., Parast, A.,Boncheva, I.,Yazdi, How tocitethisarticle: [email protected] * Corresponding author:(A.Bahrami) garia. Bul Sofia, bl.24,1113, st. Bonchev Sciences, 2 fahan, Iran. Isfahan,Plaza Azadi, 81744,Is University of 1 Ali Isfahan, Iráncentral Conodontos delDevónicotardío(Fameniano)delasecciónBaqer-Abad,noreste northeast Isfahanprovince,CentralIran Late Devonian(Famennian)conodontsfromBaqer-Abadsection, (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) eateto Geology, Sciences, Faculty of Department of elgclIsiue ugra cdm fGeological Institute, Academy Bulgarian of Bahrami 1,* , Ayesheh Parast - - 1 , Iliana , ,Isfahan. Famennian, Bahram Formation, Late Devonian, Keywords: the NorthIsfahanarea. with similarpalaeoenvironments in results reported fromother sections Famennian,earlier which confirms alsooccurat gaps the end of graphic the record, major strati conditions. platform in Based on shallow-water habitats were still thatsupport the interpretation these associationsconodont and biofacies the of analysis Central Iran. The northeast Isfahan in in the area of theFamennian biozonation of section comprisesthe most complete expansa–praesulcata Zone, Middle val Zone, Uppermost Zone, Upper gracilis crepida bottom to the top: Famennian zones asfollows, from the in thissectionincludesten division dance andbiodiversity. zonal The ronments withfossiliferousabun shallow-watermainly palaeoenvi 220mrepresenting of a thickness , Central Iran has Baqer-AbadThe section,northeast ABSTRACT Boncheva Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín Zone, Lower –Lower postera marginifera–trachytera marginifera 2 , Mehdi expansa Zone, Lower marginifera interval Zone. This triangularis rhomboidea Zone, Upper barren Zone, Yazdi interval Zone, expansa Zone, inter 1 - - - -

división zonalesta sección en incluyediez abundantes fósiles y biodiversidad. La someras son por paleoambientes de aguas 220 myestá representada principalmente La sección Baqer-Abad tiene unespesor de RESUMEN Conodontos, Irán central, Isfahan. Fameniano, Bahram, Formación Palabras clave: Devónico Superior, en elárea delnortedeIsfahan. otras secciones con paleoambientes similares resultados anteriores en reportados confirma tuvieron lugar al final del Fameniano, locual que estratigráficas de importantes lagunas de conodontos se puedeinferir la presencia Con base en elregistro ciones de plataforma. someras estaban todavía en condi de aguas sostiene la interpretación de que estos hábitats las asociaciones de conodontos y sus biofacies de Isfahan enIrán Central. El análisis de pleta del piso Famenianoel área en al noreste sección comprendela biozonación más com expansa Zona de Zona de Superior de marginifera Inferior de valo Zona Superior de crepida a techo: Zona de biozonas del Fameniano, que son, de base , Zona Inferior de – postera, praesulcata (estéril), intervalo Zona Más (estéril), intervalo /72(2)2020 marginifera marginifera expansa Zona Inferior de intervalo Zona. Esta intervalo triangularis -Zona de , Zona Superior de , Zona Superior de rhomboidea rhomboidea , Zonade trachytera, expansa , inter -Zona 1

- - - ,

Late Devonian (Famennian) conodonts from Baqer-Abad section, northeast Isfahan province, Central Iran ABSTRACT Late Devonian (Famennian) conodonts from Baqer-Abad section, northeast Isfahan province, Central Iran INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction 2 2 ihteErsa ua lt yteedo with the Eurasian Turan Plate by the end of orEarly Triassicand wasconnected plate during the latethe Gondwanan–Arabian which , separated was from ment of IranianPlateThe is regarded asamarginal frag Ghavidel-syooki, 2001;Turner 2000; Yazdi Mistiean 1996; Djafarian 2000; Brice and Kebriae, 2000; tological studies ( noticed byseveral paleontological and sedimen tral Iran, the mentioned fossiliferous sectionwas the bestUpper Devoniancen western in sections that Mountain) oneof section is Chahriseh(Kaftar Zahedi, 1976).Insubsequent , considering first (Djafariantime duringthe andBrice, 1970s the 1973; for explored were sequences imentary (Radfar and Kohansal, studied sed 2002). The Kouhpayeh be foundit can a 1:100000Mapof on Mountain at coordinates 32°59ʹ13ʺN, 52°03ʹ44ʺE; the Chahriseh Village in Kaftari southwest of Isfahan, locatedsequence is northeast of 55 km 2008; 2011a,2011b;Bahrami Bonchevasections; (Darchaleh and Ramsheh,inShahreza region, Bahrami 2013, Koenigshof Brice (Zefreh, basin Chahriseh,andDizlusections; al. Zahedi, 1973; Adhamian, 2003; Ghobadipour TarWesternmar,sections; Kesheh and Northern and regions: Najhaf, Negheleh, Varka Isfahanbasin(Soh mostly limited to the northern Paleozoic rocks sedimentary around Isfahanare Wendt ( facies andoccurinisolated units incentral Iran Devonian strata mainly indicate shallow-water 1984a, 1984b;Scotese, 2001).MiddletoUpper Weddige, 1984; Förster, and Soffel 1981; King, Middle (Stöcklin, 1968; Berberian and / / e.g Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín , 2013;Bahrami Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín ., Zahedi, 1973; Soffel and Förster, 1984; Förster, and Soffel 1973; Zahedi, ., The mostcomplete PaleozoicThe sedimentary et al et al ., 2006;Gholamalian,2003;Habibi et al et al. ,20) h itiuino the upper distribution., 2005). The of et al ., 2018), and southern Isfahanbasin ., 2018),andsouthern , 2000;MistianandGholamalian, ., 2000;Hairapetian e.g et al. et al et al ., Shirani,1995;Hamedani, ., 2015), northeastern Isfa ., 2015),northeastern ., 2007;Leven andGorgij, , 2017, Ernst , 2017,Ernst et al., et al. http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2020v72n2a100619 2014). , 2002;Safari et al et al ., 2017, ., 2000; et al. et /72(2)2020 ------/72(2)2020 , formity” (Wendt formity” asthe “Hercynian the Iranian platform uncon of erosional This gap, which isreported in mostparts sequence (Gholamalian, 1998; Yazdi ablyby covered bythe carbonate-clastic at North Isfahan basin are overlain unconform profiles studied the all of beds Devonian Upper shale layers(Yazdi and shallow-water clastic deposits carbonate, with horizons change that to thick-bedded gradually shallow-waterbeginning withsome carbonate from the early to the late Famennian, sequence ranges this sedimentary that the age of Webster 2003;Gholamalian,2003,2007; and Kangazian, ( is attributed to late Frasnian to early Famennian Zone- tified to be middle Frasnian to late Frasnian ( iden thisunitis the lower part of age of Iran. The are generally found inother Frasnian sequencesof twowhich key form bedsinthe Chahriseh region, strome-bearing Frasnian horizons(Yazdi, 1996), bio 185 m(Gholamalian, 1997). The this unitis sandstone andinterbedded of shales; the thickness and stromatoporida biostromes accompaniedwith faunal groupssuch asrugoseandtabulata , carbonate beds including various epi posed of upper carbonate1997). The unit is mostlycom thisunit is 220m(Gholamalian, the of thickness to alesserextent, sandylimestone anddolomite; limestone, sandstone, brecciated horizons, and, thin-bedded age. Theyare of composed mainly early Frasnian clastic andcarbonate sequences of shallow-water Chahriseh region are composed of al. middle Permian (Sharland the Neotethysrift during the before the opening of andinthe Paleotethys Gondwana, just margin of to thecompressive along thenorthern subduction mation phaseprior and uplifting in the primary defor hypotheses, thisevent may be the result of other (Berberian and King,of 1981).Onthe basis events been associated withtheHercynianonset of linguiformis , 2007). The oldest PaleozoicThe rocks sedimentary in the rhenana et al. Zone- Zn)adteaeo the upper part Zone) and the age of , 2007). These investigations, 2007).These showed et al triangularis et al. ., 2002, 2005), probably has , 2000;Gholamalian,2003). Zone) (Gholamalian, et al ., 2001;Ruban Article A100619 et al ., 2000). jamieae et ------

Article A100619 Figure 1 expansa zone isrelated totheLate Famennian. et al section (Gholamalian, 2007).According to Yazdi the Shishtu I be considered as anequivalent of praesulcata to latenian Famennian ( mitic limestone, marly limestone, andmarl. limestone, dolo carbonate of partcomposed is sandstone withcarbonate intercalations, andthe the clastic part includesshaleand of lithology thick, respectivelym (Gholamalian,1998).The clasticandcarbonate parts, 40and60 posed of 100m,which are com approximate of thickness interval, there are Famennian withan deposits 1997, 1998;Gholamalian Structural units of Iran Structuralunits withlocationof (after the Baqer-Abad Königshof section The carbonateThe part attributedis to early Famen . (2000), however, andbased on conodonts, the Zone)(Mistiaen et al. triangularis et al. http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2020v72n2a100619 , 2000),andcould , 2000).Onthis Zone-Early Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Mexicana Mexicana Geológica Geológica Sociedad Sociedad la la de de Boletín Boletín - - - Palaeozoic,which were associated with horst-and- verticaland/or synsedimentary movements in the Formation are related to lateral facies changes Bahram of differences interval time the and ogies lithol different the show to also and Iran, of nian Late setting in Devo point toashallow-water shelf and shale with different faunal assemblages, which such asdolostone, limestone, quarzitic sandstone, evidence exhibits a differentnumber lithologies, of Isfahan basininorder to provide complementary Formation inBaqer-abad section at northeastern Bahram ronment and precise age assignment of the paleoenvi the reconstruction of interpret thispaper are to describe and objectivesThe of the country. of blocks tectonic different in structures graben et al ., 2017). /72(2)2020 / 72(2)2020 3 3 - - -

Late Devonian (Famennian) conodonts from Baqer-Abad section, northeast Isfahan province, Central Iran INTRODUCTION Late Devonian (Famennian) conodonts from Baqer-Abad section, northeast Isfahan province, Central Iran GEOLOGICAL SETTING / LITHOLOGY (see package7, Figure 4). (4)Alternationofyellowtogrey limestonewithalgalcontents (upperof package1,seeFigure part 4). (2)Grey toblackshale(package8,FigureBaqer-Abadthe upper section. 4)at of thestudied profile. part (3)Sandy dolomitic limestone Figure 2 3. Lithology 2. Geologicalsetting 4 4 hiatuses due to and/or tectonic activity outcrops are exposed; the sequence includes some WGS 51°57’91’’E coordinates; Figures 1and2) where most Devonian (33°2’38’’N, Isfahan of east Baqer-AbadThe section islocated 46 kmnorth to top: units, which are plainlydescribed below, from base characteristics,grouped13 thesectionwas in sedimentological and observations field on Based palaeoenvironments. 220m,representing mainly shallow-water of theBahramFormation studied a thickness has portion of The officially). named not (still taceous Devonian (Bahram Formation) to the Lower Cre approximatelyage ranging in 1000m,fromthe (Figure entireof 3).The a thickness sectionhas / / Representative examplesof different shallow-watersediments (1)Panoramicviewofthe from the investigatedsections. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2020v72n2a100619 /72(2)2020 - - /72(2)2020 Package 4–sampleP13 ichnofossils. cross-bedded sandstone withweathered of Package 3 – shell andtentaculitesinafewdistinctlevels. brachiopoddebris, current directed to thick-bedded sandylimestone (25 m)including Package 2 –samplesP8–P12 changes to ayellow dolomitic limestone at the top. few prominent distinct bryozoan horizons. unit This stems, , patches andalgal with a in fauna,such asbrachiopods, fragmented corals, to thick-bedded limestone. limestone isrich The 33mthick grey, medium- section iscomposed of Package 1–samplesP1–P7 , corals, andtentaculits, 35mthick. um-bedded fossiliferous grey limestone with scattered Package 6 – samples P14–P15 – stone 3mthick. Package 5– content. medium- to thick-bedded limestone with scarce Thin cross-bedded Thin quarziticsand The followingThe 8 m are composed hnui f4m, unit of Thin The base of the the base of The Thick- to medi Thick- Grey, medium- Article A100619 - - Article A100619 and the accessible roads. and theaccessible Figure 3 tentaculite, 38m thick. brachiopod, , crinoid stem, gastropod, and grey shale, to green including of alternation medium-bedded fossiliferousgrey limestone with Package 10–samplesP21–P29 35 mthick. brachiopods, corals, gastropods, and tentaculites, fossiliferousgrey sandy limestone with abundant Package 9–samplesP19–P20 fossil content,5mthick. Package 8 – corals, gastropods, andtentaculites, 35mthick. siliferous grey limestone withabundant brachiopods, Package 7–samplesP16–P18 Geologicalmap of theBaqer-Abad areaafter Zahedi northeastof (1976)withpositionofthe investigated section Isfahan Grey to black platy shale with no http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2020v72n2a100619 Thin-bedded fos Thin-bedded Thin-bedded Thin-bedded Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Mexicana Mexicana Geológica Geológica Sociedad Sociedad la la de de Boletín Boletín Thick- to Thick- - (Figure 4). the Permian Jamal Formation. mitic limestone of lain byred marlysandstone, limestone, anddolo very rare coralsegments, 5mthick. mitic limestone with gastropod, brachiopod, and medium-bedded dolo Formation iscomposedof Package 13– stem, 8mthick. including rare scattered brachiopod andcrinoid Package 12– very rare weathered brachiopod, 8mthick. Package 11– The DevonianThe strata over are disconformably Teuprotpr fthe Bahram part of uppermost The Grey platyto green shaleincluding Grey fine-grained sandstone fine-grained Grey /72(2)2020 / 72(2)2020 5 5 - - -

Late Devonian (Famennian) conodonts from Baqer-Abad section, northeast Isfahan province, Central Iran LITHOLOGY MATERIAL AND METHODS / Late Devonian (Famennian) conodonts from Baqer-Abad section, northeast Isfahan province, Central Iran BIOZONAL DIVISION OF BAQER 4. Materialandmethods 5.1. section 5. BiozonaldivisionofBaqer-Abad 6 6 TRIANGULARIS ods using 10% acetic or formic acid. Washedacid. res formic or acetic 10% using ods carbonates and processed by conventional meth approximately 3 to4kgeach, were takenfrom the the Baqer-Abad section,31samples, tigraphyof the biostra In order to improve the knowledge of iowaensis iowaensis Icriodus iowaensis taxa from package 1 are taxon the index of appearance first the by recognized thiszone is Famennian). lower The of boundary dont associationsfor the 20 m(samplesP1–P5) and containstypical cono ded limestones from package 1 comprising the first zonebeen hasrecorded inmedium- to thick-bed this faunaof association. conodont The of sity The this pape as adetailed microfaciesis notthe analysis aim of a stratigraphic in order based on facies changes observed in the field described briefly are section the stage (CAI 4.5–5). Sedimentological units of the coloralteration indexbeyond is the diagenetic is good; conodonts preservation of stateThe of and SandbergZiegler 1990;Clausen standard zonation 1979; (Klapper andZiegler the widely applied conodont zonal index taxa of show highdiversity andexhibit someimportant Abad section(Figure 7). Conodont associations the Bahram Formation inthe Baqer- framework of dont elements, which provided the stratigraphic bers are given in the figure captions, seeAppendix. Isfahan,I.R.Iran. Repository num University of (sample numbers: EUIC), geology of department scope. extracted The conodonts are stored at the and conodonts were handpicked utilizing a micro idues were sieved, separated into three fractions, / / Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín The carbonatesThe yielded more than 1410 cono triangularis triangularis r. ZONE Zoneisrepresented by low diver Icriodus alternatus alternatus Icriodus alternatus , and triangularis . The accompanying. The procerus http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2020v72n2a100619 Zone(Lower et al ., 1993). /72(2)2020 ------/72(2)2020 ,

5.2. CREPIDA ietn fthe limestone of and pelekysgnathids. icriodontids host The of are polygnathids and the remaining 10% consist palmatolepids, 10% show that 80% are of : zonal association continue into the the Lower Only and disappear before the lower angularis the of limit upper the at occurrence first their brevilamunus bata perlobata ing through the following zone. P thezone andrang appearing the upperpart of in alternatus also withthe disappearance of the crepida zonerecognized is of upper boundary overlying lower of boundary the theupperlimitof tation of forserving disappear at delimi itsupperboundary the part of rence at the uppermost and Palmatolepis subperlobata, Palmatolepis minuta minuta the the triangularis Zoneandthe lowerof boundary aminus bata by the first occurrence of the lowerthe section) (samples P5–P9). The limit of triangularis to the well as brachiopod debrisandshells, are related thick-bedded sandy limestone with tentaculites as package2,medium- to part of the lowermost package1,yellow dolomiticlimestone, and of part the uppermost comprising deposits The palaeoenvironments —midramp(Figure 6). but alsothe rich macrofauna, pointtosublitoral distinct bryozoan horizons. Pelagic palmatolepids, stems, and tentaculites, with a few prominent such asbrachiopods, fragmented corals, crinoid , crepida crepida crepida Palmatolepis minuta loba Palmatolepis tenuipunctata hs pce akteuprbudr f species mark. These of the upper boundary Palmatolepis triangularis crepida Zone, continue through the ZONE and The platform elements in this fauna elements this in platform The Zone in the studied section is defined is section studied the in Zone oe(rm2 o4 rmtebs fZone (from 20to40mfrom the base of crepida , and Zone. , Zone, overlie and conformably the Icriodus iowaensis iowaensis Icriodus iowaensis Palmatolepis tenuipunctata Zone, all other fromconodonts triangularis Palmatolepis quadrantinodosalobata, Icriodus iowaensis iowaensis iowaensis Icriodus iowaensis Palmatolepis perlobata perlo have their first occur first their have , and zone is rich infauna, rhomboidea disappears within disappears crepida crepida rhomboidea Polygnathus brevil Icriodus alternatus Icriodus alternatus crepida almatolepis perloalmatolepis crepida crepida zone andthe crepida Article A100619 , . The lack . The Zone. The Polygnathus zone and Zone. Zone, Zone. have tri ------, Article A100619 Figure 4 Lithological log andcolumn stratigraphic of theBaqer-Abad section. http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2020v72n2a100619 Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Mexicana Mexicana Geológica Geológica Sociedad Sociedad la la de de Boletín Boletín /72(2)2020 / 72(2)2020 7 7

Late Devonian (Famennian) conodonts from Baqer-Abad section, northeast Isfahan province, Central Iran BIOZONAL DIVISION OF BAQER BIOZONAL DIVISION OF BAQER- Late Devonian (Famennian) conodonts from Baqer-Abad section, northeast Isfahan province, Central Iran ABAD SECTION 5.3. LOWER 8 8 to shoal(Figure 6). an innerramp as could beinterpreted conditions and palmatolepidsforindicatorsas water deeper polygnathids sandy limestones. presence The of water environmentsby mainly the presence of reported from bedsyounger than the latest alternatus Icriodus alternatus nathus brevilamunus, iowaensis Icriodus iowaensis perlobata perlobata, Palmatolepis tenuipunctata, Polyg is recognized by the last occurrences of boidea allow detailing biozonation for the Lower with brachiopod shells (samples P9–P11) do not thick-bedded sandy limestones 2 –upper part of the section inpackage and 60mfrom the base of species compositioninthe interval between 40 low keytaxaThe diversity, andscarce lackof (Figure 6). intervalthis to alagoon environment corresponds brachiopodsin salinity.normal dominanceof The are also found intemperate and coolwaters with (2004), current brachiopods According to Flügel water inthe photic zone. ronment shelf —deep the same envi in deposited the section was part of waterdeep environments. as characteristic of conditions can be interpreted alternatus dus alternatus icriodontids,transit ranging only amount of palmatolepids and negligible inant presence of dom The the zone for age determination. base of reason to use other species withoccurrence at the the key index taxon of the Lower minuta loba lepis tinodosalobata, Palmatolepis subperlobata, quadran Palmatolepis klapperi, Palmatolepis inflexoidea, Polygnathus triphylatus, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa indicatedZone is bythe lastappearance of Zone. / / Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín h pe onayo the Lower of upper boundary The oe h oe onayo this biozone Zone. lower The of boundary RHOMBOIDEA rhomboidea . Ecology: Ecology: and Zone is related to shallow ZONE Palmatolepis crepida , sincethey have not been Icriodus iowaensis iowaensis Icriodus iowaensis h eietto f sedimentationThe of Ecology: http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2020v72n2a100619 and The lower The Palmatolepis gives us a rhomboidea Palmato crepida , and rhom Icrio ------/72(2)2020 /72(2)2020

INTERVAL ZONE 5.4. UPPER 5.5. UPPER o f h pe onayo the underlyingzone. of theupper boundary tor of and quadrantinodosalobata, lepis Palmatolepis subperlobata taxa indicated by the last occurrenceof the Upper of appearing in this interval. lower The boundary species characteristic by defined is but key-taxon interval (samples P11–P13). This does not contain package 3, from 60to 75 m ered ichnofossils of age 2 andcross-bedded sandstonewithweath pack part of from deposits prises the uppermost Upper h is perneo of appearance first the val Zone,markedis andthe upper boundary by the Upper of barren zone is marked by the upper boundary this and overlying zones. lower The of boundary is situated between well-documented underlying the section, which ples P13–P14) from the base of occupies the interval between 75and95m(sam package5 cross-bedded of quarziticsandstone ded limestone with scarce fossil contents. thin The package 6 comprisemedium- to thick-bed part of package4andthe lower specimens. strata The of conodontsand onlyfew transitional content of isatypicallybarren zoneThis with extremely poor ure 6). ramp environment —shoalwater (Fig conditions palmatolepids andpolygnathids related to inner biozone. Upper the of the upper boundary of serving asindicators the Upper appear at theend of in thiszoneonly inthe studied sectionanddis inflexoidea, Polygnathus triphylatus, Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa of appearance first The Palmatolepis minuta loba RHOMBOIDEA MARGINIFERA rhomboidea rhomboidea Ecology: and rhomboidea rhomboidea amtlps klapperi, Palmatolepis –Lower –Lower Conodontbiofaciescontains –LOWER ZONE(BARREN) –Lower Bispathodus stabilis vulgaris, Palmatolepis minuta minuta, –Lower marginifera , which serves asindica marginifera MARGINIFERA marginifera marginifera marginifera which appear Zoneinterval Zonecom Article A100619 Palmato Zone is Zone, inter ------, Article A100619 (2004). Figure 5 Conodont biofaciesof Sea-level changes theBaqer-Abad section. according toSandberg http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2020v72n2a100619 Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Mexicana Mexicana Geológica Geológica Sociedad Sociedad la la de de Boletín Boletín et al . (2002)and Joachimski /72(2)2020 / 72(2)2020 et al. 9 9

BIOZONAL DIVISION OF BAQER- Late Devonian (Famennian) conodonts from Baqer-Abad section, northeast Isfahan province, Central Iran ABAD SECTION BIOZONAL DIVISION OF BAQER- Late Devonian (Famennian) conodonts from Baqer-Abad section, northeast Isfahan province, Central Iran ABAD SECTION INTERVAL ZONE 5.6. UPPERMOST Figure 6 10 10 environment. tidal flat the part basin —the of very shallow water scaphignathids and bispathodids, typical for the velifer Polygnathus glaber glaber glaber glaber. velifer velifer, Polygnathus padovani, zonal association disappearance of thisinterval zonerecognized is bythe of boundary and vulgaris, Polygnathus padovani, Polygnathus glaber glaber, zonalthis in association are ing the zone. Some other important conodonts velifer velifer of occurrence first the by defined is gastropods, andtentaculites. lower The boundary grey limestone with abundant brachiopods, corals, interval zone contains thin-bedded fossiliferous package 7 (samples P14–P16). The lower part of 95 and125m,includespackage 6 andthe zoneThis is recognized in the interval between / / Paleogeographic reconstruction ofLate Devoniansedimentary basinrecorded atBaqer-Abad section. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín Polygnathus nodocostatus nodocostatus . Ecology: Ecology: , whichthe indexis taxonfor determin

MARGINIFERA Ecology: Ecology: The conodontbiofaciescontains The , and This conodontbiofacies This – TRACHYTERA Scaphignathus velifer Scaphignathus Bispathodus stabilis http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2020v72n2a100619 and Scaphignathus Scaphignathus . The upper . The Scaphignathus Scaphignathus Polygnathus /72(2)2020 - /72(2)2020

5.7. POSTERA Z iest fconodontsdoes not allow subdividing diversity of shale with nofossil low contents in package 8. The tentaculites in package 7 andgrey to black platy abundant brachiopods, corals, gastropods, and thin-bedded fossiliferous grey limestone with relatedis to the the section, package7(samplesP16–P19) base of intervalThe between 125 and155mfrom the water environment. shallow —a lagoon the and basin the of part flat nathids, which inhabit the zone between the tidal contains scaphignathids, bispathodids, and polyg nteuprpr fthezone andcontinues into the upper part in of Polygnathus perplexus. ormistoni Clydagnathus this zone are the expansa of appearance first the propose boundary,we lower taxon Upper this zone into two portions, Lower Bispathodus stabilis postera Palmatolepis perlobata postera postera smresfrteuprbudr fas markers for of the upper boundary ONE Zone.with range species in only The yt eas f h ako the index the lack of yet. Because of Alternognathus regularis regularis regularis Alternognathus postera aswell as Zone.zone includes This Palmatolepis gracilis a akro the marker as of Article A100619 postera occurs occurs and and - Article A100619 5.9. LOWER 5.8. EXPANSA Zone, andupper to expansa section haspotential for correlation andwe subdivide and Sandberg(Ziegler ,1990).The Baqer-Abad expansa et al., of with thenewzonalthe distributionusing divisions and allows reliable comparison andcorrelation conodont contentfromin sity the Upper. Baqer-Abad The sectionshowsdiverhigh be subdivided into three parts: Lower, Middle, and and SandbergZone inZiegler (1990)thiszone can According to the theoriginal expansa definition of different environments. transportation from explained by some kind of palmatolepids canbe presumably the presence of nathids, bispathodids, andalternognathids, and cladyg water of conodont biofaciesonthe basis the overlaying zone. Bispathodus jugosus, zone are aculeatus aculeatus. is recognized by the first appearance of as by the occurrencefirst of zone this determined is ulites. lower The limitof pods, corals,stems, crinoid gastropods, andtentac grey shale (inpackage 10) rich to green inbrachio ded fossiliferous of grey limestone with alternation the zone comprises thick- to medium- bed part of lower package 10(samplesP19–P23). The part of corals, gastropods, andtentaculite, andthelower grey sandy limestone with abundant brachiopods, package 9represented bythin-bedded fossiliferous the section andincorporates from thebaseof the sedimentsbetweenincludes 155 and175m Lower ultimus Palmatolepis expansa gracilis stabilis Bispathodus 2017),which are concurrent withlower Zone (Becker zone into three parts: lower —corresponding , middle expansa EXPANSA ZONE Zone, middle —corresponding to oyntu smcsau, rnel fissilis, Branmehla semicostatus, Polygnathus species(Becker Zone(correlated with expansa ZONE Taxathis withoccurrencein and expansa et al Ecology: ., 2016;Spalleta Palmatolepis sigmoida gracilis , andupper zone —coinciding with zone —coincidingwith Bispathodus stabilis . The upper boundary upper boundary . The et al http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2020v72n2a100619 Typicalshallow ., 2016;Spalleta expansa expansa expansa stabilis Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Mexicana Mexicana Geológica Geológica Sociedad Sociedad la la de de Boletín Boletín et al Bispathodus ., 2017). aculeatus as well as Zone) zones Zone ------

5.10. MIDDLE INTERVAL ZONE 5.11. UPPER lis oslfru rylmsoewt lento ffossiliferous of grey limestone with alternation to mediumbedded P23–P26), thick and includes package 10 (samples and 185mfrom the base of zone isrecognizedThis in the interval between 175 different environments andconjunctfauna. of zone —more shallow water condition ortransport flat tidal to corresponds and level sea of tuations fluc eustatic the to related be can bispathodids clydagnathids, palmatolepids, polygnathids, and thiszone. the end of Zone. Only gracilis gracilis gracilis gracilis and coral segments. Species such as dolomitic limestone with gastropod, brachiopod, shale, fine-grained sandstone and medium-bedded and 13, which represented by grey platy to green package 10 andpackages11,12, the upper part of between 185 and220m(P26–P30), and includes interval This zonethe comprises sediments and crinoidstems. well as macrofauna including brachiopod, coral, bispathodids, polygnathids presence as base of Typical shallow water conodont biofaciesonthe dus ultimus Zone is defined of by the first appearance catulus. ulosus, Bispathodus spinilicostatus, the index taxon, of occurrence first the with together conodont fauna in the studied section we found, aculeatus of al. Bispathodus aculeatus aculeatus of appearance first the by characterized is Zone crinoid stem,gastropod, andtentaculite. grey shale including brachiopod, to green coral, , but continue into the overlying Middle (2016)andSpalleta h oe onayo the Middle lowerThe of boundary Bispathodus aculeatus aculeatus Teuprbudr fthe Middle of upper boundary The Bispathodus costatus costatus, Polygnathus gran EXPANSA Zone. Havingenough varied and rich EXPANSA and and Clydagnathus ormistoni Clydagnathus Palmatolepis gracilis. gracilis ZONE– Bispatodus ultimus ZONE Ecology: et al. PRAESULCATA /72(2)2020 / 72(2)2020 (2017),theappearance . According Becker and eemnso the of determines Tepeec f presence The of have first occur disappears at disappears Polygnathus deli Palmatolepis

Ecology: Ecology: Bispatho expansa expansa expansa 11 11 et - - - - -

BIOZONAL DIVISION OF BAQER- Late Devonian (Famennian) conodonts from Baqer-Abad section, northeast Isfahan province, Central Iran ABAD SECTION BIOZONAL DIVISION OF BAQER- Late Devonian (Famennian) conodonts from Baqer-Abad section, northeast Isfahan province, Central Iran ABAD SECTION Figure 7 12 12 / / Conodont occurrencesintheBaqer-Abad section. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2020v72n2a100619 /72(2)2020 /72(2)2020 Article A100619 Article A100619 6. Conclusions aa Frain (iue 5 6 n 7T define 7)To and 6 5, (Figures Formation. Jamal the Permian limestone, anddolomiticlimestone of overlaindisconformably byred marly sandstone, impressive variety.The Devonian sediments are the zone but demonstrate ing inthe lower part of fissilis. spinilicostatus, Polygnathus granulosus, Bispathodus jugosus, Polygnathus delicatulus, Bispathodus pathodus aculeatus aculeatus, Polygnathus semiccostatus, the underlying zone are the following taxa: expansa gracilis insita, Bispathodus stabilis vulgaris, expansa Upper part of and disappear at thelowermost Taxa having range from underlying zonal interval munis communis, primus,bohlenana, Polygnathus com the zone: the lowerof boundary zone. following The speciesappear a little above bohlenana bohlenana of lower boundary. distribution stratigraphic The its the zone anddeterminate rence at the base of angularis the in association, corresponding to ages of icriodids, andpelekysgnathids are found together ages 1 and 2 where palmatolepids, polygnathids, dominate. limestones of Mixed conodont biofacies are frequent in pack type different where applicable toashallow-water regime the basin in are Isfahan establishedconodonts innortheastern Famennian Paleoecologicalof interpretations forconditions prosperouscommunities.organism and repeatsconditions theconduciveplatform tion inherited the Middle Devonian carbonate LateThe Devonian shallow-water sedimenta . the Famennianwith the andthe boundary of part conodont associations closetothe uppermost to obtain moretion it is necessary informative the nextzonal missing interval in the study sec Palmatolepis perlobata schindewolfi schindewolfi perlobata Palmatolepis This association This includes speciesdisappear Zone– andthe . Continuing their distribution from praesulcata and crepida have beenrecordedthis in only Polygnathus communis dentatus. zones. Bothbiozones are Zoneare: http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2020v72n2a100619 Bramehla bohlenana and and and Pandorinellina Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Mexicana Mexicana Geológica Geológica Sociedad Sociedad la la de de Boletín Boletín Palmatolepis Bramehla Bramehla Bis tri ------

Acknowledgements ment affects biofacies in the in biofacies affects ment microenviron environments. change The of shelf related to inner-ramp settings asupper-slope and typical shallow-wateron conditions sedimentary dont biofaciesinthe macrofossils. mixed The cono explains the lack of verythe shallow-waterbasin. The environment of part flat tidal the for typical bispathodids, and trachytera ren) Zone, aswell as intheUppermost theLate of in theupper boundary in inner-ramp conditions. conodont biofacies The polygnathid–palmatolepid, typical for upper slope Spalleta the Lower logistic support. and financial for Iran, IR Isfahan, of University their constructive comments. thankthe authors for The reviewers anonymous both thank We central Iran. theBahramFormation in range of stratigraphic dataconodont the enableto better us interpret biofacies indiversity andabundance. Baqer-Abad nathid-icriodid and palmatolepid-polygnathid polyg environment favors the joint existence of faunal habitats andconodonts. shallow-water The favorablesucceeded keeping conditions for macro Middle-Upper DevonianThe water and theirfauna refresh conjunct the habitat. different portions of shallow water or transport of more where – zone flat tidal to corresponds and level sea of fluctuations eustatic the to related be matolepids, polygnathids, andbispathodids can clydagnathids, pal Zone, where the presence of expansa 13 are related to theLower ronment happened. Packages 9,10,11,12,and transportationfrom different envia of kind some palmatolepids presumably leads to the idea that of nognathids, but ontheotherthe presence hand, cladygnathids, bispathodids, andalter the base of Zone and Upper Zoneand interval Zone containsscaphignathids et al. marginifera , 2017),andtheyare dominated by postera Zone(Becker /72(2)2020 / 72(2)2020 Zoneononehandshow expansa expansa rhomboidea Zone– marginifera Zone, Middle et al marginifera– Zoneand praesulcata ., 2016; (bar 13 13 ------

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Late Devonian (Famennian) conodonts from Baqer-Abad section, northeast Isfahan province, Central Iran REFERENCES Late Devonian (Famennian) conodonts from Baqer-Abad section, northeast Isfahan province, Central Iran APPENDIX Appendix view, EUIC P150,Sample P27,X70;(49)-Upper view, EUIC P151,SampleP29,X70. - 49) (48, 70. X 30, P Sample P149, EUIC view, Upper - (50) 70; X 29, P Sample - (47, 50) X 70. 27, Sample P view, EUICP147, costatus (45) - ULRICH and BASSLER 1926;Upper view,EUIC P142,SampleP29,X70.(42)- P 29,X70.(39)- 1984; UpperSANDBERG view,EUIC P139,SampleP18,X70.(38)- procerus Sample P10,X75;(33)-Upper view, EUIC P134,SampleP11,X75;(34)-Upper view,EUIC P137,SampleP11,X80.(36)- (31) -Upperview,EUICP133,SampleP24,X75.(32-34) 31) - 70. (30, X 25, Sample P view, EUICP134, Upper - (35) 75; X 20, P Sample P131, EUIC oblique view, Upper - (29) 70; X 19, P Sample P130, EUIC view, Upper - (28) Morphotype1; P128, SampleP24,X70;(44)-Upper view,EUIC P129,SampleP26,X80.(28,29,35)- andUpper view, EUIC1934; (25)- MEHL P126,SampleP20,X85;(26)-Upper view,EUIC P127,SampleP22,X90;(27)-Upper view,EUIC glaber glaber - (24) 90. X 15, P Sample P124, EUIC view, Upper - (43) 70; X 15, P Sample P123, EUIC view, Upper (23)- 1990; SPALLETTAand (20) -Upper view,EUIC P121,SampleP28,X70;(21)-Upper view,EUIC P122,SampleP29,X80.(23,43)- EUIC P119,SampleP28,X70;(22)- Upper view,EUIC P120,SampleP29,X75.(20–21)- 22)- (19, 70. X 29, P Sample P118, EUIC view, Upper - (18) - (17-18) 80. X 7, P Sample iowaensis - (15) 70. X 5, P Sample P113, EUIC view, EUIC P110,SampleP3,X70;(12)-Upper view,EUICP111,Sample P5,X70;(13)-Upper view,EUIC P112,SampleP7,X70;(14)-Upper - 14) (10- 80. Upper view,EUICP106,SampleP27,X80.(9)- - 8) 75. (7, X P105, SampleP20, view, EUIC P103,SampleP16,X75.(4)- velifer 6) 5, (2, 70. X 15, P Sample P102, EUIC view, Upper (3) 70. X 14, P Sample P100, EUIC view, Upper (1) morphotype1; Figure 8 18 18 Polygnathus spiculiferus / / HELMS 1959 morphotype 2; (2) Upper view, EUIC P101, Sample P 15, X 70. (5)UpperHELMS1959 morphotypeUpper view,EUICSample P15,X view,EUIC 2;(2) P103,SampleP16,X75.(6)-Upper P101, Photographs from ofconodonts Isfahan. (1,3)- Northeast theBaqer-Abad section, BRANSON1934;(46)-Upperview, EUIC P145,SampleP23,X70; (51)-Upper view,EUICP146,Sample P24,X70;(52)-Upper Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín SANNEMANN 1955;Upper oblique view, EUIC P138,SampleP8,X70.(37)- Icriodus alternatus ULRICH and BASSLER 1926;Upper view,EUIC P125,SampleP14,X85.(25-27, 44)- Bispathodus spinilicustatus YOUNGQUIST and PETERSON 1947;(16)-Upper view,EUICP115,SampleP1,X70;(40)-Upper view,EUICP116, Bispathodus aculeatus aculeatus HARTENFELS 2011Morphotype 2; Upper view,EUIC P144,SampleP20,X70.(46,51-52)- Polygnathus granulosus Icriodus cornutus Clydagnathus ormistoni BRANSON and MEHL 1934; (10) - Upper view, EUIC P109, Sample P 3, X 70; (11) - Upper view, Upper - (11) 70; X 3, P Sample P109, EUIC view, Upper - (10) 1934; MEHLand BRANSON http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2020v72n2a100619 Bispathodus aculeatus aculeatus BRANSON 1934;Upper view,EUIC P141,SampleP29,X75.(41)- Bispathodus stabilis vulgaris Pandorinellina insita Polygnathus communis BRANSON and MEHL 1934; (7) - Upper view, EUIC P106, Sample P 25, X 80. (8) - (8) P106, SampleP25,X80. EUIC view, Upper - (7) BRANSON1934; andMEHL Peleksgnathus serradentatus SANNEMANN 1955; Upper view, EUIC P114, Sample P 3, X 70. (16, 40) - 40) (16, 70. X 3, P Sample P114, EUIC view, UpperSANNEMANN 1955; (BRANSON and MEHL, 1934); (17)- Upper view, EUIC P117, Sample P 28, X 70; X 28, P Sample P117, EUIC view, Upper (17)- 1934); MEHL,and(BRANSON /72(2)2020 /72(2)2020 Bispathodus ultimus BEINERT, KLAPPER, SANDBERG and ZIEGLER 1971;Upper view,EUIC MÜLLER and MÜLLERview, EUICP108,SampleP25,X 1957;Upper Bispathodus jugosus DZIK 2006; (30) - Upper view, EUIC P132, Sample P 22, X 70; 22, X DZIKP132, SampleP EUIC- Upper view, 2006;(30) Polygnathus (BRANSON and MEHL 1934); (47) - UpperP148, view,EUIC- (47) (BRANSON and1934); MEHL Alternognathus regularis regularis ÇAPKINOGLU 1991;(32)-Upperview, EUIC P135, Bispathodus stabilis BISCHOFF 1957; Upper BISCHOFF view,EUICP140,Sample sp.;Upper view,EUIC P143,Sample P24,X90. Polygnathus communis dentatus BRANSON and MEHL 1934; (19) - Upper view, Upper - (19) 1934; andMEHLBRANSON Scaphignathus velifer velifer (BRANSON and MEHL 1934); (48) - Upper - (48) 1934); MEHL and(BRANSON Polygnathus semicostatus Polygnathus padovanii (BRANSONand MEHL1934), Polygnathus delicatulus Scaphignathus velifer Article A100619 DRUCE 1969; ZIEGLER and HELMS1959 Polygnathus Polygnathus Bispathodus BRANSON Icriodus PERRI Article A100619 Sample P10,X90. (43)- SANNEMANN 1955;Upper view,EUIC P228,SampleP9,X100.(42)- - (38) 80. X 13, P 1926; Upperview,EUIC P213,SampleP9,X80.(37)- BRANSON and MEHL 1934;Upper view,EUIC P211, SampleP16,X70.(36)- (34) - view, EUIC P200,SampleP29,X70.(33)- andSANDBERG ZIEGLER 1971;Upper view,EUIC P199,Sample P24,X70.(32)- Branmehla fisilis P188, SampleP10,X80.(29)- HELMS 1963;Upper view,EUIC P187,SampleP11, X80.(28)- P 11,X100.(26)- Upper view,EUIC P182,SampleP 29, X70.(25)- - (24) 80. X 26, Sample P P222, EUIC view, lateral Upper - (40) 70; X 29, P view, EUIC P220,SampleP29,X90. (23,40)- 39) - minuta X 80.(19)- view, EUIC P169,SampleP15,X70. (17)- and SPALLETTA 1990;(16)-Upper view,EUICP168,SampleP15,X70;(18)-Upper view,EUIC P168,Sample P15,X70.(19)-Upper (13) -Upper view,EUIC P166,SampleP22,X70;(15)-Upper view,EUICP167,SampleP24,X70.(16,18)- HELMS,75. (13,15)- UpperP164, SampleP18,X oblique view,EUIC 1959; MEHL 1934;(8)-Upper view,EUICP162,SampleP5,X80;(9)-Upper view,EUIC P163,SampleP7,X80.(10)- view, EUICP160,SampleP29,X70;(12)-Upper view,EUICP165,SampleP30,X70.(8,9)- X 80;(11)-Upper view,EUIC P159,SampleP29,X80.(6,12)- (14) -Upper view,EUICP157,SampleP29,X70.(5,11)- EUIC P161,SampleP29,X75.(4,14)- Sample P18,X75;(3)-Upper view,EUICP154,SampleP18,X75.(7)- - 3) (2, 95. X 12, P Sample P152, EUIC view, Figure 9 Palmatolepis gracilis gracilis Palmatolepis perlobata schindewolfi BRANSONand MEHL 1934;(20)-Upper view,EUIC P175,SampleP15,X75;(21)-Upper view,EUICP176,SampleP16,X80.(22, Photographs ofconodonts fromtheBaqer-Abad Northeast Isfahan. section, (1)- Polygnathus brevilaminus Polygnathus BRANSON and MEHL 1943;Upper view,EUIC P198,SampleP 28,X70.(31)- Palmatolepis triangularis Palmatolepis glabra pectinata cf. Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa inflexoidea perplexus BRANSON and MEHL1934;(22)-Upper obliqueview,EUIC P178,Sample P27,X 75;(39)-Upper oblique BRANSON and MEHL9, X70.(20,21)- view, EUIC 1934;Upper P171,SampleP Bispathodus jugosus Polygnathus nodocostatus Polygnathus http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2020v72n2a100619 THOMAS 1949; Upper view, EUIC P215, Sample P 19, X 80. (41) - (41) 80. X 19, Sample P P215, EUIC view, Upper 1949; THOMAS MÜLLER 1956;Upperview,EUICP202,SampleP28,X80.(35)– SANNEMANN 1955;Upperview,EUIC P185, Sample P4,X90.(27)- Bispathodus jugosus Palmatolepis gracilis sigmoidalis Palmatolepis quadrantinodosalobata Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Mexicana Mexicana Geológica Geológica Sociedad Sociedad la la de de Boletín Boletín Pelekysgnathus serradentatus cf. ZIEGLER 1962;Upper view,EUIC P234,SampleP14,X100. Bispathodus ultimus semicostatus (BRANSON and MEHL 1934);(4)-Upper view, EUICP156,SampleP27,X75; Bispathodus aculeatus Palmatolepis subperlobata BRANSON and MEHLview, EUICP201,SampleP29,X70. 1934;Upper Palmatolepis minuta loba BRANSON and MEHL1934;Upperview,EUIC P170,SampleP28, Polygnathus granulosus , ZIEGLER 1962;Upper view,EUIC P189,SampleP13,X90.(30)- Bispathodus stabilis Palmatolepis gracilis expansa ZIEGLER 1962;(23)-Upperlateralview,EUICP182,Sample BISCHOFF 1957;(5)-Upper BISCHOFF view,EUIC P158,SampleP27, Palmatolepis perlobata perlobata, Branmehla bohlenana BRANSON and MEHL 1934; (2) - Upper view, EUIC P154, EUIC view, Upper - (2) 1934; MEHL and BRANSON ÇAPKINOGLU 1991;Upperview,EUIC P214,Sample SANNEMANN 1955;Upper view,EUIC P183,Sample Polygnathus triphylatus BRANSON and MEHL 1934;Upper view,EUIC Icriodus alternatus alternatus Clydagnathus ormistoni (BRANSON and1934), Morphotype1; MEHL BRANSON and MEHL1934;Upper view, (BRANSON and MEHL1934);(6)-Upper HELMS1963; Upper view, EUICP233, SANDBERG andZIEGLERSANDBERG 1979; /72(2)2020 Polygnathus padovanii / 72(2)2020 Scaphignathus velifer Palmatolepis minuta Palmatolepis tenuipunctata Palmatolepis minutaloba ULRICHand BASSLER ZIEGLER 1959;Upper HELMS 1959;Upper Palmatolepis minuta BEINERT, KLAPPER, BRANSON and PERRI 19 19

Late Devonian (Famennian) conodonts from Baqer-Abad section, northeast Isfahan province, Central Iran APPENDIX