DOCSLIB.ORG

Religious Plants :Dictamnus the Burning Bush Dictamnus Albus Is a Member of the Rutaeceae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Religious Plants :Dictamnus the Burning Bush Dictamnus Albus Is a Member of the Rutaeceae Religious Plants :Dictamnus The burning bush Dictamnus albus is a member of the Rutaeceae. Many plants of dry locations are known to increase production of terpenes to cool leaf surfaces by terpene transpiration. Dictam, however, produces so much that it can undergo self-ignition (see burning bush stories in Bible & Koran) . It is thought that droplet formation in the leaf focuses sunlight to a temperature that ignites terpenes which burn like a gas grill using the stomates as valves. Terpenes and air pollution It is generally accepted that the forests (called “lungs of the planet”) clean the air of pollution, add oxygen & remove CO2 to restore an air that is pleasant to breath. The opposite would be the smoky & stinky air of industrial places and cities. However, there is an exception to this rule as observed from the forests of the “ Smoky Mountains”. Exception The production of volatile terpenes is highest in the early fall. The terpenes are exuded through the stomates & often polymerize under the influence of the UV of the sun, creating the blue haze the Smokies are famous for. Plants of Nepal A banyan is a fig that starts its life when its seeds germinate in the cracks and crevices on a host tree (or on buildings and bridges) refers to the species Ficus benghalensis & other figs derives from the word merchant since the shade under these trees made early market place. In Hinduism, the banyan tree is sacred "Ashwath Vriksha." God Siva is always depicted sitting in silence under the banyan. It is symbolizing eternal lif Botanical Jewelry http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0901.htm Fruits of rudraksha (Ruda’s = Shiva’s eyes) Elaeocarpus angustifolius have an iridescent blue coating, which is used as a prayer bead and good-luck charm by religious hindus like the sadhu on the right. The fruits are 2 cm in diameter and are coated with a wax that scatters blue light similar to what we know from Laurintinus berry Viburnum tinus. The seeds have many faces ( the faces of Shiva, see below) Plants of Nepal The Bodhi Tree was a large and very old Sacred Fig tree (Ficus religiosa) located in Bodh Gaya (in the Indian state of Bihar), under which Siddhartha Gautama, the later Gautama Buddha, achieved enlightenment or Bodhi. In religious iconography, the Bodhi tree is recognizable by its heart-shaped leaves, which are usually prominently displayed. Religious plants: Buddha’s Hand Citrus medica Buddha’s hand is a citrus fruit popular in China and Japan for its strong fragrance. It fails as a fruit since it’s pretty much all zest and no pulp, but it has other uses, Buddha's hand, Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis (also known as fingered citron), is a fragrant citron variety in the Rutaeceae whose fruit is segmented into finger-like sections. The origin of Buddha's hand plant is traced back to Northeastern India. Witch plants: Doll’s Eyes Actaea pachypodia Actaea pachypoda (Doll's-eyes, White Baneberry) is a herbaceous perennial plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to eastern North America. The berries contain cardiogenic toxins which can have an immediate sedative effect on human cardiac muscle tissue, and are the most poisonous part of the plant. Ingestion of the berries can lead to cardiac arrest and death. The Doll’s eye plant, also known by the equally unsettling name “white baneberry.” Just in case you were actually thinking of eating this thing, those eyeballs are highly poisonous. Stinking Plants Corps Flower Titan arum. with sharp points at the pollen surface. One plant produces a billion grains of pollen that can stay airborne for days spreading over an area of many miles. Affects 75 % of all allergy sufferers. Rafflesia arnoldii. Rafflesia was found in the Indonesian rain forest by an Indonesian guide working for Dr. Joseph Arnold in 1818, & named after Sir Thomas Raffles, leader of the expedition Stinking Iris Iris foetissima. It is known as "stinking" because some people find the smell of its leaves unpleasant when crushed or bruised, an odour that has been described as "beefy" Stinking Hellebore Helleborus foetidus, known variously as stinking hellebore, dungwort, and bear's foot, is in Ranunculaceae, native of the mountainous regions of Central and Southern Europe Skunk cabbage Symphocarpus foetidus is one of the many stinky plants in its family the Araeceae. Weird Plants Monstrous + stinky (amines): Amorphophallus titanum, Rafflesia arnoldii, Aristolochia grandiflora (Humboldt), Welwitschia mirabilis, Victoria amazonica, Aztecs’ handflower tree Cheirostemon platanoides (related to Cocoa tree, Humboldt), Baobab (sausage) trees Adansonia, boogam trees Idria columnaris (desert in Baja California), elephant or skunk tree Bursera microphylla (Baja California; tug on leaf & it burps out a foul smelling, fetid spray over a distance of 50 cm), squirting cucumber Ecballium elaterum shoots fruit as a rocket over 3 m distance, slimy mucilage with seeds sticks to the one who touched the fruit WB Emboden(1974): Bizarre Plants; magical, monstrous, mythical. MacMillan P. NY The burping skunk tree is a member of the Burseraceae, related to frankincense (Boswellia) and myrrh (Commiphora) but unlike them it stinks (skunk tree). The elephant tree Bursera microphylla is native to Northern Mexico, Southern California and Arizona, especially desert regions. It reaches 5 m in height. The foliage is made up of long, legume-like leaves which are composed of paired leaflets. It flowers in rounded yellow buds which open into small, star-shaped white or cream flowers When you tug on a leaf it burps and emits a fine spray over 50 cmm distance that is foul fetid smelling caused by amines Weird roots: Chinese Fleece Flower Fallopia ssp. The Chinese Fleece flower is in the genus Fallopia in the family Polygoniaeceae, a relative of the infamous Japanese Knotweed Fallopia japonica. The Chinese use this plant in their traditional medicine for kidney health, strong bones and hair restoration, and as a mild laxative, and it’s.. Hey, wait a second… “ I tell you, … it is a sign, yeah, ah … it’s an omen!” The end of the world is close, oh Rose Okay, weird. It’s a root that looks like a little dude. But that’s a rare, onetime fluke, right? It’s not like that’s what this species typically looks like or anything?? Roots making a perfect couple made headlines in 2006 …. Î Phototoxic Plants – Blister Bush Peucedanum galbanum, Blister Bush, is a plant in the family Apiaceae, Like other members of the family like Heracleum or cow parsnip or Angelica touching it can cause blistering if the irritant chemicals are exposed to sunlight Blister bush, with its greenish-yellow umbrella-shaped flowers, is perfectly harmless, until you touch it & a cocktail of psoralen, xanthotoxin, bergapten and other chemicals are brushed off the plant’s leaves onto your skin. Exposure of the chemicals to sunlight triggers from a mild irritation to severe blistering requiring weeks to heal. Three days later a red-purple rash and large burn-like welts appear on your skin. Blister bush isn’t the only plant that can cause phototoxic reactions. Check out Amy Stewart Wicked Plants: The Weed that Killed Lincoln’s Mother and Other Botanical Atrocities, Unusual Poisons The slobber weed: Pilocarpus pennatifolius stimulates the salivary glands much more than the betel nut Areca catechu (the nut causing red saliva that stains the street of Asia). Here the secretion becomes so powerful that it interferes with speech (ideal for political opponents!). Unfortunately, the drooling (up to 2 pints) is followed by nausea & dizziness. Drooling is also caused by the pencil tree extract. Pilocarpine Pilocarpus: approx13 (an alkaloid used for glaucoma) is used to treat dry mouth & species in the Rutaceae, also to stimulate sweat glands. from the tropics of S Amer. The Suicide Tree: Cerbera odollam is a relative of Madagascan arrow poison tree Cerbera tanghin ( nuts that are used in trials by ordeal). The tree grows at the SW coast of India and has white jasmine-scented flowers. The nuts look like green mangos & the white meat inside is full of cardiac glycosides that stop the heart of a human within 4 hours. Widows & other religiously inclined people use these nuts (mashed nut meat with brown sugar) as their last meal. Also used to poison people since it has no bad taste & a delayed action. Unknowns of Water: Water storage in Terminalia trees A wikipedia picture file from October 15th 2007 shows this picture for Terminalia tomentosa. Do not try this at home or with other trees! Terminalia tomentosa has a remarkable attribute: some members of the species store water in the dry season. A survey conducted at Bandipur National Park, India showed that there is a girth dependent increase in the frequency and amount of water storage. Mechanism and ecophysiological significance of this water storage are not known Terminalia elliptica has remarkably large-pored vessels. The pictures on the right suggests a large diameter that is no longer able to hold water in by capillary action. Why are bean seeds so special? We know from the labs of Botany I that Phaseolus or the now so common garden beans have already a primary leaf showing in their dormant embryos inside the seed. This is truly unusual. Pythagoras – one of the first European vegetarians did not only abstain from meat, he didn’t eat beans either (the bean of his time’s Europe was not the American Phaseolus but Vicia faba – the broad bean). P. believed that humans and beans were spawned from the same source, and he conducted a scientific experiment to prove it. He buried a quantity of beans in mud, let them remain there for a few weeks, and then retrieved them.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Protecting the Natural Endangered Heritage in Romania, Croatia, Poland and Slovenia
    Available online at http://journals.usamvcluj.ro/index.php/promediu ProEnvironment ProEnvironment 11 (2018) 143-157 Review The Rights of Alive – Protecting the Natural Endangered Heritage in Romania, Croatia, Poland and Slovenia CIOANCĂ Lia-Maria1*, Luminița UJICĂ2, Marijana MIKULANDRA3, Ryszard SOŁTYSIK4, Maja ČERNE5 1Babeș-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca, University Extension Bistrița, Andrei Mureşanu st., no. 3-5, Romania 2High Scool with Sportive Program Bistrița, Calea Moldovei no. 18. Romania 3OŠ Tina Ujevi Osnovna škola Tina Ujevića Koturaška cesta 75 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 4Zespół Szkół Nr1 w Humniskach, 36 – 206, Huminska 264, Poland 5OŠ Rogaška Slatina, Kidričeva ulica 24, 3250 Rogaška Slatina Slovenia Received 23 July 2018; received and revised form 18 September 2018; accepted 25 September 2018 Available online 30 September 2018 Abstract This article deals with the impact of destructive actions of human population on natural world. As a consequence of relying on non-renewable energy sources and reckless encroachment on natural habitats a lot of plant and animal species have become extinct and more and more species are getting endangered. Thus celebrating biodiversity and solidarity for all life forms, from the tiniest one to the most complex eco-systems, has been in the centre of our attention and operational activities. Keywords: durable development, ecology, endangered species. 1. Introduction Within the massive destruction of forests and forest climate, we witness significant changes, Just as the man has passed from the stage of sometimes radical of the environment. For the animal hunter and collector up to animal raiser and farmer, and plants which have survived through a long period the natural vegetation has increasingly been subject of adaptation, a new difficult era starts again.
    [Show full text]
  • FLORA from FĂRĂGĂU AREA (MUREŞ COUNTY) AS POTENTIAL SOURCE of MEDICINAL PLANTS Silvia OROIAN1*, Mihaela SĂMĂRGHIŢAN2
    ISSN: 2601 – 6141, ISSN-L: 2601 – 6141 Acta Biologica Marisiensis 2018, 1(1): 60-70 ORIGINAL PAPER FLORA FROM FĂRĂGĂU AREA (MUREŞ COUNTY) AS POTENTIAL SOURCE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS Silvia OROIAN1*, Mihaela SĂMĂRGHIŢAN2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Romania 2Mureş County Museum, Department of Natural Sciences, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania *Correspondence: Silvia OROIAN [email protected] Received: 2 July 2018; Accepted: 9 July 2018; Published: 15 July 2018 Abstract The aim of this study was to identify a potential source of medicinal plant from Transylvanian Plain. Also, the paper provides information about the hayfields floral richness, a great scientific value for Romania and Europe. The study of the flora was carried out in several stages: 2005-2008, 2013, 2017-2018. In the studied area, 397 taxa were identified, distributed in 82 families with therapeutic potential, represented by 164 medical taxa, 37 of them being in the European Pharmacopoeia 8.5. The study reveals that most plants contain: volatile oils (13.41%), tannins (12.19%), flavonoids (9.75%), mucilages (8.53%) etc. This plants can be used in the treatment of various human disorders: disorders of the digestive system, respiratory system, skin disorders, muscular and skeletal systems, genitourinary system, in gynaecological disorders, cardiovascular, and central nervous sistem disorders. In the study plants protected by law at European and national level were identified: Echium maculatum, Cephalaria radiata, Crambe tataria, Narcissus poeticus ssp. radiiflorus, Salvia nutans, Iris aphylla, Orchis morio, Orchis tridentata, Adonis vernalis, Dictamnus albus, Hammarbya paludosa etc. Keywords: Fărăgău, medicinal plants, human disease, Mureş County 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1
    Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1 Authors: Jiang, Wei, He, Hua-Jie, Lu, Lu, Burgess, Kevin S., Wang, Hong, et. al. Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 104(2) : 171-229 Published By: Missouri Botanical Garden Press URL: https://doi.org/10.3417/2019337 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Annals-of-the-Missouri-Botanical-Garden on 01 Apr 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS Volume 104 Annals Number 2 of the R 2019 Missouri Botanical Garden EVOLUTION OF ANGIOSPERM Wei Jiang,2,3,7 Hua-Jie He,4,7 Lu Lu,2,5 POLLEN. 7. NITROGEN-FIXING Kevin S. Burgess,6 Hong Wang,2* and 2,4 CLADE1 De-Zhu Li * ABSTRACT Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in root nodules is known in only 10 families, which are distributed among a clade of four orders and delimited as the nitrogen-fixing clade.
    [Show full text]
  • Sherman's March and Georgia's Refugee Slaves Ben Parten Clemson University, [email protected]
    Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 5-2017 "Somewhere Toward Freedom:" Sherman's March and Georgia's Refugee Slaves Ben Parten Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Recommended Citation Parten, Ben, ""Somewhere Toward Freedom:" Sherman's March and Georgia's Refugee Slaves" (2017). All Theses. 2665. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2665 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “SOMEWHERE TOWARD FREEDOM:” SHERMAN’S MARCH AND GEORGIA’S REFUGEE SLAVES A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Arts History by Ben Parten May 2017 Accepted by: Dr. Vernon Burton, Committee Chair Dr. Lee Wilson Dr. Rod Andrew ABSTRACT When General William T. Sherman’s army marched through Georgia during the American Civil War, it did not travel alone. As many as 17,000 refugee slaves followed his army to the coast; as many, if not more, fled to the army but decided to stay on their plantations rather than march on. This study seeks to understand Sherman’s march from their point of view. It argues that through their refugee experiences, Georgia’s refugee slaves transformed the march into one for their own freedom and citizenship. Such a transformation would not be easy. Not only did the refugees have to brave the physical challenges of life on the march, they had to also exist within a war waged by white men.
    [Show full text]
  • Open As a Single Document
    ILLUSTRATIONS Professor Charles Sprague Sargent in the Arnold Arboretum Library -1904, Plate I, opposite p. 30 Flowers and fruits of the hardy orange, Porrcirus tr;f’oliata. Plate II, p. 35 Map showing absolute minimum temperatures in the Northeastern states from 1926-1940. Plate III, p. 47 Map showing an average length for growing season in the Northeast- ern states. Plate IV, p. 49 Map showing the average July temperature in the Northeastern states for the years 1926 to 1940. Plate V, p. 511 Black walnuts. Plate VI, p. 33 Hickory nuts of various types. Plate VII, p. 57 The native rock elm, Ulmu.r thomasi. Plate VIII, p. 69 The European white elm or Russian elm, Lllmus laenis. Plate IX, p.711 Two varieties of the smoothleaf elm, L’lmus carpinjfolia. Plate X, p. 755 Leaf specimens of various elm species. Plate XI, p. 79 111 . ARNOLDIA A continuation of the BULLETIN OF POPULAR INFORMATION of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University VOLUME 1 MARCH 14, 1941 NUMBER I A SIMPLE CHANGE IN NAME "Bulletin of Popular Information" has always been an un- OURsatisfactory periodical to cite, because of the form of its title, which reads: "Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Bulletin of Popular Information." Moreover, for no very obvious reason, in the twenty-nine years of its publication it has attamed four series, and for clarity it is necessary to cite the series as well as the volume. In- itiated in May, 1911, sixty-three unpaged numbers form the first series, this run closing in November, 1914. In 1915, a new series was commenced with volume one and was continued for twelve years, closing with volume twelve in December, 1926.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks Three Rivers, California
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE SEQUOIA AND KINGS CANYON NATIONAL PARKS THREE RIVERS, CALIFORNIA GENERAL SHERMAN AND GENERAL GRANT - GIANT SEQUOIAS (Sequoiadendron giganteum) The General Sherman, at Giant Forest, in Sequoia National Park, was discovered by James Wolverton on August 7, 1879. He named the tree in honor of the General under whom he served as a First Lieutenant in the Ninth Indiana Cavalry. The General Grant, at Grant Grove, in Kings Canyon National Park, was discovered in 1862 by Joseph Hardin Thomas, and was named in August 1867, by Mrs. Lucretia P. Baker, in honor of Ulysses S. Grant. General Sherman Tree General Grant Tree Largest Living Thing A National Shrine Estimated age 2300 - 2700 years 1800 - 2000 years Estimated weight of trunk 1385 t. (1256 m.t.) 1251 t. (1135 m.t.) Height above base 274.9 ft. (83.8 m.) 267.4 ft. (81.5 m.) Circumference at ground 102.6 ft. (31.3 m.) 107.6 ft. (32.8 m.) Maximum diameter at base 36.5 ft. (11.1 m.) 40.3 ft. (12.3 m.) Diameter 60 ft. above ground 17.5 ft. (5.3 m.) 16.3 ft. (5.0 m.) Diameter 180 ft. above ground 14.0 ft. (4.3 m.) 12.9 ft. (3.9 m.) Diameter of largest branch 6.8 ft. (2.1 m.) 4.5 ft. (1.4 m.) Height of first large branch 130.0 ft. (39.6 m.) 129.0 ft. (39.3 m.) Volume of trunk 52,500 cu. ft. (1,486.6 cu.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the *.Pdf File
    ECOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE PROPOSED BIG PINE MOUNTAIN RESEARCH NATURAL AREA LOS PADRES NATIONAL FOREST, SANTA BARBARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA TODD KEELER-WOLF FEBRUARY 1991 (PURCHASE ORDER # 40-9AD6-9-0407) INTRODUCTION 1 Access 1 PRINCIPAL DISTINGUISHING FEATURES 2 JUSTIFICATION FOR ESTABLISHMENT 4 Mixed Coniferous Forest 4 California Condor 5 Rare Plants 6 Animal of Special Concern 7 Biogeographic Significance 7 Large Predator and Pristine Environment 9 Riparian Habitat 9 Vegetation Diversity 10 History of Scientific Research 11 PHYSICAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 11 VEGETATION AND FLORA 13 Vegetation Types 13 Sierran Mixed Coniferous Forest 13 Northern Mixed Chaparral 22 Canyon Live Oak Forest 23 Coulter Pine Forest 23 Bigcone Douglas-fir/Canyon Live Oak Forest 25 Montane Chaparral 26 Rock Outcrop 28 Jeffrey Pine Forest 28 Montane Riparian Forest 31 Shale Barrens 33 Valley and Foothill Grassland 34 FAUNA 35 GEOLOGY 37 SOILS 37 AQUATIC VALUES 38 CULTURAL VALUES 38 IMPACTS AND POSSIBLE CONFLICTS 39 MANAGEMENT CONCERNS 40 BOUNDARY CHANGES 40 RECOMMENDATIONS 41 LITERATURE CITED 41 APPENDICES 41 Vascular Plant List 43 Vertebrate List 52 PHOTOGRAPHS AND MAPS 57 INTRODUCTION The Big Pine Mountain candidate Research Natural Area (RNA) is on the Santa Lucia Ranger District, Los Padres National Forest, in Santa Barbara County, California. The area was nominated by the National Forest as a candidate RNA in 1986 to preserve an example of the Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest for the South Coast Range Province. The RNA as defined in this report covers 2963 acres (1199 ha). The boundaries differ from those originally proposed by the National Forest (map 5, and see discussion of boundaries in later section).
    [Show full text]
  • Pigment Composition of Putatively Achlorophyllous Angiosperms
    Plant Pl. Syst. Evol. 210:105-111 (1998) Systematics and Evolution © Springer-Verlag 1998 Printed in Austria Pigment composition of putatively achlorophyllous angiosperms MICHAEL P. CUMMINGS and NICHOLAS A. WELSCHMEYER Received August 15, 1996; in revised version February 10, 1997 Key words: Angiospermae, Lennoaceae, Monotropaceae, Orobanchaceae, Orchidaceae. - Chlorophyll, carotenoid, pigment, high-performance liquid chromatography. Abstract: Chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment composition was determined for ten species of putatively achlorophyllous angiosperms using high-performance liquid chromatography. Four families were represented: Lennoaceae (Pholisma arenarium); Monotropaceae (Allotropa virgata, Monotropa uniflora, Pterospora andromedea, Sarcodes sanguinea); Orobanchaceae (Epifagus virginiana, Orobanche cooperi, O. unißora); Orchidaceae (Cephalanthera austinae, Corallorhiza maculata). Chlorophyll a was detected in all taxa, but chlorophyll b was only detected in Corallorhiza maculata. The relative amount of chlorophyll and chlorophyll-related pigments in these plants is greatly reduced compared to fully autotrophic angiosperms. One of the most conspicuous features of plants is green coloration conferred by the presence of the pigment chlorophyll. However achlorophyllous plants, as their name implies, are thought to lack chlorophyll and other pigments associated with photosynthesis. This lack of chlorophyll is thought to be associated with the nonphotosynthetic habit, and hence the completely heterotrophic nature of holoparasites
    [Show full text]
  • Colonial Garden Plants
    COLONIAL GARD~J~ PLANTS I Flowers Before 1700 The following plants are listed according to the names most commonly used during the colonial period. The botanical name follows for accurate identification. The common name was listed first because many of the people using these lists will have access to or be familiar with that name rather than the botanical name. The botanical names are according to Bailey’s Hortus Second and The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture (3, 4). They are not the botanical names used during the colonial period for many of them have changed drastically. We have been very cautious concerning the interpretation of names to see that accuracy is maintained. By using several references spanning almost two hundred years (1, 3, 32, 35) we were able to interpret accurately the names of certain plants. For example, in the earliest works (32, 35), Lark’s Heel is used for Larkspur, also Delphinium. Then in later works the name Larkspur appears with the former in parenthesis. Similarly, the name "Emanies" appears frequently in the earliest books. Finally, one of them (35) lists the name Anemones as a synonym. Some of the names are amusing: "Issop" for Hyssop, "Pum- pions" for Pumpkins, "Mushmillions" for Muskmellons, "Isquou- terquashes" for Squashes, "Cowslips" for Primroses, "Daffadown dillies" for Daffodils. Other names are confusing. Bachelors Button was the name used for Gomphrena globosa, not for Centaurea cyanis as we use it today. Similarly, in the earliest literature, "Marygold" was used for Calendula. Later we begin to see "Pot Marygold" and "Calen- dula" for Calendula, and "Marygold" is reserved for Marigolds.
    [Show full text]
  • High Root Concentration and Uneven Ectomycorrhizal Diversity Near Sarcodes Sanguinea ( Ericaceae): a Cheater That Stimulates Its Victims? Author(S): Martin I
    High Root Concentration and Uneven Ectomycorrhizal Diversity Near Sarcodes sanguinea ( Ericaceae): A Cheater That Stimulates Its Victims? Author(s): Martin I. Bidartondo, Annette M. Kretzer, Elizabeth M. Pine and Thomas D. Bruns Source: American Journal of Botany, Vol. 87, No. 12 (Dec., 2000), pp. 1783-1788 Published by: Botanical Society of America, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2656829 Accessed: 29-02-2016 09:39 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Botanical Society of America, Inc. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Journal of Botany. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 132.174.255.116 on Mon, 29 Feb 2016 09:39:26 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions American Journal of Botany 87(12): 1783-1788. 2000. HIGH ROOT CONCENTRATION AND UNEVEN ECTOMYCORRHIZAL DIVERSITY NEAR SARCODES SANGUINEA (ERICACEAE): A CHEATER THAT STIMULATES ITS VICTIMS?1 MARTIN I. BIDARTONDO,2 ANNETTE M. KRETZER,3 ELIZABETH M. PINE, AND THOMAS D. BRUNS 111 Koshland Hall, College of Natural Resources, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, USA Sarcodes sanguinea is a nonphotosynthetic mycoheterotrophic plant that obtains all of its fixed carbon from neighboring trees through a shared ectomycorrhizal fungus.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Genus for Trichosanthes Amara, the Caribbean Sister Species of All Sicyeae
    Systematic Botany (2008), 33(2): pp. 349–355 © Copyright 2008 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Linnaeosicyos (Cucurbitaceae): a New Genus for Trichosanthes amara, the Caribbean Sister Species of all Sicyeae Hanno Schaefer, Alexander Kocyan, and Susanne S. Renner1 Systematic Botany, Department of Biology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Strasse 67, D-80638 Munich, Germany 1Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Thomas A. Ranker Abstract—The Old World genus Trichosanthes has flowers with strikingly fringed petals, and Linnaeus therefore placed a species from Hispaniola that he only knew from an illustration (showing such fringed petals) in that genus. The species remained hidden from the attention of subsequent workers until acquiring new relevance in the context of molecular-biogeographic work on Cucurbitaceae. Based on molecular data, it is the sister to all Sicyeae, a New World clade of about 125 species in 16 genera. We here place this species in a new genus, Linnaeosicyos, describe and illustrate it, and discuss its phylogenetic context using molecular and morphological data. Judging from Dominican amber, elements of the flora of Hispaniola date back 15–20 my, and the occurrence on the island of at least five endemic species of Cucurbitaceae (Linnaeosicyos amara, Melothria domingensis, Sicana fragrans, and the sister species Anacaona sphaerica and Penelopeia suburceolata) points to its long occupation by Cucurbitaceae. Keywords—Flora of Hispaniola, fringed petals, lectotypification, Linnaeus, Plumier. With about 100 accepted species, Trichosanthes L. is the newly available collections, and discuss the implications of a largest genus of the family Cucurbitaceae (Rugayah and De Hispaniola taxon being sister to the Sicyeae.
    [Show full text]