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Specification Information to Inform Approvals for Advanced Vehicle Trials

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Specification Information to Inform Approvals for Advanced Vehicle Trials SPECIFICATION INFORMATION TO INFORM APPROVALS FOR ADVANCED VEHICLE TRIALS FINAL REPORT – February 2018 2 Contents Contents .......................................................................................................................................................................................................2 Acronym List...............................................................................................................................................................................................3 1 Introduction 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................................................................4 1.2 Scope .......................................................................................................................................................................................4 1.3 Approach ................................................................................................................................................................................4 1.4 Report Structure .................................................................................................................................................................5 2 UK Legal Framework 2.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................................6 2.2 Construction and Use Regulations ...............................................................................................................................6 2.3 Road Traffic Act ...................................................................................................................................................................8 2.5 Highway Code ....................................................................................................................................................................11 3 Building a Safety Case 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................12 3.2 Contents of a Safety Case ............................................................................................................................................12 4 International Regulatory Approaches 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................14 4.2 Summary of Regulatory Approaches ........................................................................................................................14 5 Public Concerns 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................15 5.2 General Perspectives ......................................................................................................................................................15 5.3 Key Safety Concerns .......................................................................................................................................................15 5.4 Other Drivers .....................................................................................................................................................................16 5.5 Pedestrians ........................................................................................................................................................................16 5.6 Signalling Intent ................................................................................................................................................................17 5.7 Conclusions.........................................................................................................................................................................17 6 Stakeholder Engagement 6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................18 6.2 One to One Interviews ....................................................................................................................................................18 6.3 Stakeholder Workshop ...................................................................................................................................................18 6.4 Results .................................................................................................................................................................................28 7 Safety Tests that Achieve Partial Coverage 7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................29 7.2 UN ECE Regulations 94 and 95 ...................................................................................................................................29 7.3 European Union Pedestrian Protection Regulation 78/2009/EC ..................................................................29 7.4 EuroNCAP Pedestrian Protection Protocol ...........................................................................................................30 7.5 EuroNCAP City and Inter-Urban Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) Protocol ................................30 8 Conclusions 8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................31 8.2 Mechanism for Providing Approval ...........................................................................................................................31 8.3 Evidence of Vehicle Capability within ODD ............................................................................................................33 8.4 Remote Operation ............................................................................................................................................................34 8.5 Vehicle Considerations ...................................................................................................................................................34 8.6 Clear Definitions ...............................................................................................................................................................35 8.7 Confidential vs Public .....................................................................................................................................................35 8.8 AV Incidents ........................................................................................................................................................................36 Annex A: International Regulatory Approaches.........................................................................................................................37 3 DISCLAIMER This report has been produced by the Transport Systems Catapult on behalf of the Department for Transport and the Centre for Connected and Autonomous vehicles under a grant from Innovate UK. Any views expressed in this report are not necessarily those of the Department for Transport, the Centre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles or Innovate UK. ACRONYM LIST ACRONYM TERM ACS Automated Control System ADS Automated Driving System AV Automated Vehicle CCAV Centre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (UK) DfT Department for Transport (UK) DGT General Directorate for Traffic (Spain) DMV Department of Motor Vehicles (California) FMVSS Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards HMI Human Machine Interface LSE London School of Economics LTA Land Transport Authority (Singapore) NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Admiration (USA) NTC National Transport Commission (Australia) ODD Operational Design Domain OEDR Object and Event Detection and Response SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAL Safety Assessment Letter TSC Transport Systems Catapult 4 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Automated vehicles (AVs) have the potential to improve road safety, increase road network efficiency and improve accessibility to transport for the elderly and people with physical impairments. The UK Government is keen to support the safe and responsible testing and development of this technology. In 2015, the UK Government published a Code of Practice for testing automated vehicles on public roads , which set out one of the most open frameworks anywhere in the world for testing this technology. Within the next few years the Government anticipates that developers will be ready to safely test more advanced automated vehicle technology on public roads in a way that would be inconsistent with the current UK legal framework (for example, tests that would not involve a human safety driver or operator). UK Government Ministers may be able to provide approvals for advanced testing of this sort, if they have sufficient evidence to assure themselves that the testing will be carried out safely and responsibly. 1.2 SCOPE The Centre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CCAV) and the DfT’s International Vehicle Standards division (IVS) have instructed the Transport Systems Catapult (TSC) to deliver a report including
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