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Speed: Know Your Limits

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Speed: Know Your Limits Speed: Know your limits Department for Transport This publication (excluding the Royal Arms and logos) may be Great Minster House reproduced free of charge in any 76 Marsham Street format or medium provided that it London SW1P 4DR is reproduced accurately and not Tel 020 7944 8300 used in a misleading context. Internet service: www.dft.gov.uk The material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright with the title and © Crown Copyright 2004. source of the publication specified. Copyright in the typographical This document is available on arrangement and design vests the DfT website: www.dft.gov.uk in the Crown. Published by the Department for Transport. Speed: Know your limits 02 Speed: Know your limits Department for Transport Britain has one of the best road This is an impressive record, but we safety records in the world, which is want to improve on it, and there is something to be proud of.The table still work to be done to further reduce below gives a few examples of how the number of unnecessary injuries many people are being killed every and fatalities on our roads.That is why year on roads where many of us take it is necessary to continue to work on our holidays (2003 data): persuading and educating motorists to be more aware of their driving Country Road deaths per habits and their speed in particular. 100,000 population Whether we are motorists, cyclists, United Kingdom 6 pedestrians or horse riders, all of us Greece 19.3* benefit from safer driving. Italy 11.7 Portugal 16.1 Spain 13.2 Germany 8.3 France 12.9 *2000 data Department for Transport Speed: Know your limits 03 So why worry about speed? The Department for Transport If you add to this the fact that if a annually monitors traffic speeds at pedestrian is hit at: around 180 sites throughout Great • 20mph there is about a 1 in 40 Britain.The total number of vehicle (2.5 %) chance of being killed records processed to produce the or 97% chance of survival 2003 statistics was about 677 million. • 30mph there is about a 1 in 5 (20%) chance of being killed or These measurements showed that 80% chance of survival in 2003: • at 35mph there is a 50/50 chance • 58% of cars, 54% of motorcycles of being killed and 53% of HGVs exceeded the 30 mph limit • at 40mph there is about a 9 in 10 (90%) chance of being killed or • 27% of cars and 36% of motorcycles 10% chance of survival, exceeded the 40 mph limit (Source Ashton and Mackay 1979) • 57% of cars and 59% of motorcycles exceeded the 70 mph speed limit And that if it is estimated that for each on motorways 1mph reduction in average speed, It is clear therefore that many of us accident frequency is reduced by 5%; speed at least some of the time. Then it is clear there is a need to worry about speed because the consequences of driving too fast are so severe. 04 Speed: Know your limits Department for Transport Is speed as dangerous as bad driving? Driving too fast is bad driving. In It is therefore clear that where 2003 there were still over 3,000 there are serious or fatal injuries people being killed (that’s nearly 10 resulting from collisions, excessive people every day) and 33,000 being speed is more likely to be a seriously injured in collisions on contributory factor. Britain’s roads. There are those who claim that speed Unfortunately speed contributes to is not a significant factor in causing those collisions, deaths and injuries. road accidents, but that view is There exists no precise figure for the difficult to sustain from either research contribution speed makes to causing or experience.All reliable research into the collisions, but analysis of casualty accident causation shows that the statistics in Great Britain has shown factors determining both excessive excessive speed to be a contributory and inappropriate speed amount to factor in 12% of all injury collisions, about 30% of contributory factors in 18% where there is a serious injury road accidents. and 28% of all collisions which result in a fatality. To an extent it suits us all to assume that the effects of speed are exaggerated. Individuals will need to take one conscious decision at any given time to, say, buckle up a seat belt or not drink before driving. Department for Transport Speed: Know your limits 05 What speed it is safe to drive at is a continuous decision making process and to that extent is a more difficult judgement to make. Drivers rightly consider poor lane discipline, failure to signal, driving too close and other errors to be poor driving. There is some reluctance to accept that driving too fast is also poor driving, but it is and there is a need to alter that thinking. 06 Speed: Know your limits Department for Transport What is speeding? Excessive Speed Inappropriate Speed This is straightforward; it is exceeding This is someone driving within the posted speed limit.To do so is a the speed limit but too fast for criminal offence and, if detected, is the road and traffic conditions. likely to result in a fine and penalty It is about judgement, and is points on your licence. In the majority extremely important. of cases this will be a fixed penalty resulting in a standard fine and licence Urban roads will be subject most endorsement, but in more serious cases often to a 30mph speed limit.These may result in being taken to court. will be high streets with shoppers looking to cross the road at various It is intuitive to believe that, the points, parked vehicles around which faster you go, the greater is the risk pedestrians might suddenly appear, of being involved in a collision; and delivery vans, cyclists and buses this is borne out by the facts. where people might risk crossing the Research (TRL 1998 and 1999) has road where perhaps they should not. shown that if an individual drives at They might also be in the vicinity of more than 10-15% above the schools, hospitals and where the average speed of the traffic around elderly may be present.These roads them, they are much more likely to require drivers to take account of all be involved in a collision. these various factors and drive at appropriate speeds. Department for Transport Speed: Know your limits 07 Driving at inappropriate speed is Inappropriate speed is also a factor also a real problem on rural roads. where poor weather conditions Despite only around 10% of drivers prevail and when driving at night. exceeding the speed limit on rural roads, over 60% of all car occupant It is a commonly held belief that, since deaths (drivers and passengers) occur roads have far less traffic at night, it is on them.This is because, although safe to drive at higher speeds. the national speed limit applies on the vast majority of rural roads, it is However, it is a fact that the average actually difficult to drive at anywhere risk of an accident per kilometre close to the speed limit, but it is still travelled between 7.00pm and very possible to drive too fast for 7.00am is double that for that the conditions. between 7.00am and 7.00pm. These include approaching a bend or junction too fast, not negotiating narrow roads properly and overtaking where it is inappropriate to do so. 08 Speed: Know your limits Department for Transport What are speed limits? Vehicle Speed Limits A brief history of speed limits In 1934 a general 30mph speed Different vehicles have different Between 1865 and 1896 limit was imposed on roads in built maximum speed limits on certain locomotives on the highway had up areas (effectively roads with types of road. It is for the driver to to be preceded by a pedestrian street lighting) which remains to ensure that they know the speed carrying a red flag and were this day. limit for their vehicle at all times. subject to a speed limit of 2mph The speed limit table featured in cities, towns and villages and Other roads had no speed limits at overleaf explains the different 4mph elsewhere. all. It was not until 1965 that a speed limits that apply to different national upper limit of 70mph was vehicles.This can also be found in The maximum speed limit was then introduced for all roads, including the Highway Code. increased to 14mph and again, in motorways. 1903, to 20mph. Since 1977 the speed limit for cars In 1930 speed limits for cars and and motorcycles on dual motorcycles were abolished. carriageways has been 70mph, with a 60mph speed limit on single carriageways. In 1999 local authorities were given the powers to introduce a 20mph speed limit without requiring the consent of the Secretary of State. Department for Transport Speed: Know your limits 09 Know your Speed Limits Built up area Single Dual Motorways (street lit) Carriageways Carriageways type of vehicle mph mph mph mph cars & motorcycles (including car derived vans up to 30 60 70 70 2 tonnes maximum laden weight) cars towing caravans or trailers (including car derived vans 30 50 60 60 and motorcycles) buses and coaches (not exceeding 12 metres 30 50 60 70 in overall length) goods vehicles 30 50 60 70* (not exceeding 7.5 tonnes *60 if articulated maximum laden weight) or towing a trailer goods vehicles (exceeding 7.5 tonnes 30 40 50 60 maximum laden weight) 10 Speed: Know your limits Department for Transport Who has responsibility for Speed Limits at Roadworks speed limits? A central body called the Highways Speed limits are often lowered at Agency sets speed limits on the roadworks.There are valid reasons motorway and trunk road network.
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