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Council Research Medical preferences. dietary their of irrespective participants studies, and vegans, these and in vegetarians of stud- health have the Cancer who ied researchers the many at the present, Unit, and Epidemiology past colleagues, our thank We research more insuf much are and required. data conclusions is current strong popula- any the non-western draw vegans, in products For with animal others tions. of and vegetarians intake for conditions low as and a well diseases as studied, and yet health not bone stroke, of types general but the with non-vegetarians, favourably population. compare comparable groups and similar vegetarian is vegetarians mortality Overall for these studies. syn- other metabolic in investigated but the risks and calcium. lower drome, hyperthyroidism degenera- of have in arthritis, cataract, eye to intakes tive higher disease, found diverticular are inadequate diabetes, been for rates also have more fracture have they but needed; Vegetarians non-vegetarians, if are in vegans this those on to data similar lacto-ovo-vegetarians in individ- be rates common may fracture most non-vegetarians. Bone for cancers. inconclusive ual and vegetarians, are in data lower the vegetarians slightly but be may shown between rates as been cancer not Overall such differ has diseases mortality non- Stroke to and comparable IHD. conditions of and that obesity some than is for better vegetarians be of vegetarians health may results long-term and the the but good, that large, suggest not far is available so data of amount The .ArwlS ilt J hlo PK Dhillon CJ, Millett S, Agrawal 1. oedt r edd o xml nsrk n sub- and stroke on example for needed, are data More , subjectto theCambridgeCore termsofuse,available at eeainde,oeiyaddaee nautIda popu- Indian adult in diabetes lation. and obesity diet, vegetarian urJ Nutr 13 Con Acknowledgements 89. , iaca Support Financial Conclusions fl fi Authorship References cso Interest of icts dnsne ob further be to need ndings tal et 21)Tp of Type (2014) . fi in to cient https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Downloaded from Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 0 e J rsrG,TooodM Thorogood GE, Fraser TJ, Key 20. 9 mt eo 20)Daee n bst:tetwin the obesity: and Diabetes (2006) A Heron & S Smyth 19. 3 eb K ukrK okA(05 iko over- of Risk (2005) A Wolk & KL Tucker PK, Newby 23. 8 aeJ,Bre J&GenodD 20)TeUK The (2004) DC Greenwood & VJ Burley JE, Cade 18. 2 e ae 19)Peaec foeiyi o in low is obesity of Prevalence (1996) G Davey & T Key 22. 1 osa ,Bte ,YnR Yan T, Butler S, Tonstad 21. 3 ulrT,Fae E esnWL Beeson GE, Fraser TL, Butler 13. 2 esnW,MlsP,Pilp RL Phillips PK, Mills WL, Beeson 12. and consumption product Animal (1988) DA of effects Snowdon Health (2006) 11. 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L Bowen PK, Dhillon K, Shridhar 2. epidemics. n ea women. vegan lactovegetarian, semivegetarian, and among obesity and weight olbrtv nlsso rsetv studies. prospective 5 of Nutr Clin analysis collaborative a nvgtrasadnneeain:detailed nonvegetarians: and vegetarians in fi Women epewod o a meat. eat not do who people it oywih,adpeaec ftp diabetes. 2 type of prevalence and Care weight, Diabetes body diet, pro ainl,mtoooy n ecito ftepopula- the of description group. tion. and low-risk a methodology, Seventh-day Adventists, Rationale, Seventh-day in among disease cancer and heart diabetes, coronary Adventists. combined, stroke, causes all disease, of because mortality diets. vegan and vegetarian lnNutr Clin follow-up. xodVgtra td:a overview. an 70 Study: Vegetarian Oxford nachr f3 8 etetr n 156non 546 31 and meat-eaters 883 33 UK. of the in cohort meat-eaters intakes a nutrient in and characteristics lifestyle EPIC-Oxford: mioe:asseai eiwadmeta-analysis. and with review compared Nutr systematic vegetarians a of omnivores: status homocysteine total literature. of review a B12: Nutr vitamin de serum cobalamin of mn emnvegetarians: German among fi ittcAscain eeaindiets. 109 vegetarian Association: Dietetic Epidemiol Nutrients diets: vegan of effects 2015). March (accessed wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism_by_country (IMS). Study ietc rdcin nry lmt hne n health. and change, climate Lancet energy, production, livestock pro https://www.cambridge.org/core hetr n meat-eaters. and sh-eaters e,admortality. and ber, 525S , fi fi 1266 , e h dets elhSuy2(AHS-2). Study-2 Health Adventist The le: eo ninvgtra diets vegetarian Indian of le Cancer 109 68 370 541 , ’ ootSuy oprsno vegetarians, of comparison Study: Cohort s – 785 , – 531S. 6 70 100 37 1282. urCancer Nutr 1253 , 2131 , a Med Nat mJCi Nutr Clin J Am 516S , – 260 , 64 up. 329S Suppl., , – 548. urJ Nutr 32 794. 570 , . 791 , – – fi https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665115004334 – 1263. 2147. inyaogvgtrasasse by assessed vegetarians among ciency – 265. mJCi Nutr Clin J Am 524S. – 12 mJCi Nutr Clin J Am 13 581. – fi 796. ,75 dnsfo h dets cohorts. Adventist the from ndings 55. , ulcHat Nutr Health Public 11 . IPaddress: 117 , – ulcHat Nutr Health Public – tal et rcNt Soc Nutr Proc 80. 48 335S. fi BMJ s eut after results rst 739 , – 20)Tp fvegetarian of Type (2009) . 126. — 170.106.202.58 tal et 313 – tal et 81 h ninMigration Indian the 748. tal et Wikipedia 36 tal et 1267 , tal et 816 , 21)Nutritional (2014) . tal et 873 , mDe Assoc Diet Am J 19)Mortality (1999) . tal et 18)Chronic (1989) . mJCi Nutr Clin J Am 20)Cohort (2008) . alN plb n ioh .Key J. Timothy and Appleby N. Paul 21)Plasma (2013) . 65 6 – 20)Food, (2007) . tal et – – fi 259 , 817. 19)The (1999) . ,35 1274. , on 877. . dnsfrom ndings fi u Clin J Eur 7 .http://en. eyasof years ve 871 , 27 Sep2021 at05:06:57 – – (2003) . 41. 269. mJ Am n J Int mJ Am – rJ Br 878. 9 rw L plb N rvsRC Travis PN, Appleby FL, Crowe 39. 0 e J plb N pne EA Spencer PN, Appleby TJ, Key 40. 3 hrgo ,Cre ,Ben R, Carter M, Thorogood 33. 8 B 03MraiyadCue fDahCollaborators Death of Causes and Mortality 2013 GBD 38. J Fan R, Anousheh BJ, Pettersen 37. Hypertension (2002) TJ Key & GK Davey PN, Appleby 36. 2 hihrK hlo K oe L Bowen PK, Dhillon K, Shridhar 32. 5 Scienti 35. PN Appleby FL, Crowe KE, Bradbury 34. 0 anr D ace I ekn DJA Jenkins HI, Katcher ND, Barnard 30. K Oda K, Stewart S, Tonstad 29. U Agarwal J, Xu S, Mishra 28. VL Fulgoni BT, Larson B, Farmer 27. (2007) AR Scialli & ND Barnard GM, Turner-McGrievy 26. E Spencer P, Appleby M, Rosell 24. 1 huTT un -,Ci Y-F Chiu H-Y, Huang THT, Chiu 31. 5 aa ,KusnS eo S Dehom S, Knutsen C, Japas 25. , subjectto theCambridgeCore termsofuse,available at rts eeain n ovgtras eut rmthe from results nonvegetarians: study. among cohort and disease EPIC-Oxford heart vegetarians ischemic from British death or hospitalization 2013. Study Disease of Burden 1990 death, netgto noCne n urto (EPIC-Oxford). 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Obesity 603. fi Public all- c 111 68 67 5 ) , , , , https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Downloaded from Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 1 rihM,SnhP,Sbt J Sabaté PN, Singh MJ, Orlich 41. 3 atmnoBrlyY aed-ig ,FnJ Fan K, Jaceldo-Siegl Y, Tantamango-Bartley 43. 4 rihM,SnhP,Sbt J Sabaté PN, Singh MJ, Orlich 44. 6 plb ,Rda ,AlnN Allen A, Roddam P, Appleby 46. VJ Burley EF, Taylor JE, Cade 45. 8 osesklMthw ,Top L nte R Knutsen DL, Thorpe V, Lousuebsakul-Matthews 48. WL Beeson SF, Knutsen DL, Thorpe 47. 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IPaddress: ootStudy. Cohort s 17 2333 , 61 tal et – 1238. tal et 1400 , tal et tal et tal et 11 21)Cmo diet- Common (2010) . mJCi Nutr Clin J Am 170.106.202.58 20)Comparative (2007) . – 564 , 2343. 21)Vegetarian (2013) . 21)Vegetarian (2015) . tal et ogtr elho eeain n eas293 vegans and vegetarians of health Long-term 21)Cne in Cancer (2014) . – 1406. – 20)Effects (2008) . 572. fi urCancer Nutr hetr,18 eaters, sh 22 tal et , on ,286 27 Sep2021 at05:06:57 (2013) . JAMA – tal et 100 294. , . 7 rsrG hvi J(01 e er flf:i ta it is life: of years Ten (2001) DJ Shavlik & GE Fraser 57. 6 osa ,Nta ,OaK Oda E, Nathan S, Tonstad 56. 4 al ,KusnS rsrG 20)Ascain be- Associations (2006) GE Fraser & SF Knutsen A, Hailu 54. JM Reynard PN, Appleby vegetarian- BW, Diet, Turney (2011) TJ 53. Key & NE Allen PN, Appleby 52. NE Allen PN, Appleby FL, Crowe 51. 5 iz S aaéJ aed-ig K Jaceldo-Siegl J, Sabaté NS, Rizzo 55. 0 oPa T uB,LiTQ Lai BQ, Vu LT, Ho-Pham 50. 9 oPa T gynN gynT 20)Efc of Effect (2009) TV Nguyen & ND Nguyen LT, Ho-Pham 49. , subjectto theCambridgeCore termsofuse,available at atro choice? of matter yetyods codn otp fvgtra diet. vegetarian of type Nutr Health to Public according hyperthyroidism 2. study lower health a adventist the with Care syndrome: Diabetes associated metabolic are of risk patterns dietary Vegetarian rhii n ottsu iodr nteavnithealth adventist the in disorders U.S.A. tissue California study, soft and degenerative of arthritis prevalence the the and and consumption of meat tween Cancer cohort Oxford into the Investigation in (EPIC). Nutrition stones Prospective kidney European of risk and risk. cataract and ism, Nutrition non- and and vegetarians British Cancer vegetarians. of European study into of prospective cohort (EPIC): Investigation Oxford in disease Prospective diverticular of risk oels,fatr n iai :alniuia td in study longitudinal non-vegans. a and D: vegans vitamin Asian and fracture loss, bone eeaindeso oemnrldniy Bayesian a density: mineral bone on meta-analysis. diets vegetarian BMJ 34 mJCi Nutr Clin J Am 1225 , rhItr Med Intern Arch 343 u Epidemiol J Eur 18 d4131. , 1482 , mJCi Nutr Clin J Am – 1227. JNutrHealthAging – 1487. tal et u lnNutr Clin J Eur 90 tal et 943 , 21)Vegetarianism, (2012) . 161 29 21)Peaec of Prevalence (2014) . tal et 363 , – 1645 , 93 950. 21)De and Diet (2011) . tal et 1128 , – 369. tal et – 21)Diet (2014) . 10 1652. 66 – ,7 1135. (2011) . ,75 – 14. – 82.