Initial Environmental Examination

Initial Environmental Examination May 2018 CAM: Second Urban Environmental Management in the Tonle Sap Basin Project Prepared by Ministry of Public Works and Transport for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 8 May 2018) Currency unit – riel (KR) KR 1.00 = $ 0.000245 $1.00 = KR 4,086.62 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BOD – Biochemical Oxygen Demand CDIA – Cities Development Initiative for Asia CEMP – Construction Environmental Management Plan C-EHS – Contractor Environmental Health and Safety Officer COD – Chemical Oxygen Demand CRVA – Climate Risk Vulnerability Assessment DDPP – Detailed Design and Project Preparation EA – Executing Agency EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan FGD – Focus Group Discussion GHG – Greenhouse Gas GRM – Grievance Redress Mechanism IA – Implementing Agency IEE – Initial Environmental Examination IEIA – Initial Environmental Impact Assessment MoE – Ministry of Environment MOWRAM – Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology MPWT – Ministry of Public Works and Transport PDoE – Provincial Department of Environment PMC – Project Management Consultants PMC-I/NES – PIM-International and National Environment Specialists PIU – Project Implementation Unit PIU-SFP – PIU Safeguards Focal Point PMU – Project Management Unit PMU-ESO – PMU Environmental Safeguards Officer PSC – Project Steering Committee RCP – Representative Concentration Pathway SHC – Sewer Household Connection STP – Sewage Treatment Plant SPS – Safeguards Policy Statement TS-1 – Tonle Sap Urban Environmental Improvement Project TSBR – Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve TSS – Total Suspended Solid WHO – World Health Organisation WEIGHTS AND MEASURES dBA – A-weighted Decibel km – Kilometer km2 – Square kilometer LAeq – Equivalent Continuous Level ‘A weighting’ - ‘A’-weighting = correction by factors that weight sound to correlate with the sensitivity of the human ear to sounds at different frequencies m – Meter oC – Degree Celsius PM10 – Particulate Matter 10 micrometers or less PM2.5 – Particulate Matter 2.5 micrometers or less μg/m3 – Microgram per cubic meter GLOSSARY District – Sub-divisions of the 24 provinces in Cambodia Commune – Sub-divisions of districts, referred to as Sangkats in urban areas NOTE (i) In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................... 9 1.1. The Project ...................................................................................................................... 9 1.2. Key Findings ................................................................................................................... 9 1.3. Environmental Management Plan ................................................................................. 10 1.4. Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 11 2. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 13 2.1. Background and introduction ......................................................................................... 13 3. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ................................... 14 3.1. Environmental Assessment Requirements .................................................................... 14 3.2. National Environmental Policy and Legislation .............................................................. 17 3.3. International Agreements .............................................................................................. 24 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...................................................................... 25 4.1. Rationale ....................................................................................................................... 25 4.2. Project Impact, Outcome and Outputs ........................................................................... 26 4.3. Climate Change ............................................................................................................ 28 4.4. Detailed Description of the Sub-Project Landfill Designs ............................................... 28 4.5. Detailed Description of the Sub-Project Sewage Treatment Plant Designs ................... 32 4.6. Detailed Description of the Sub-Projects in Stueng Saen .............................................. 36 4.7. Detailed Description of the Sub-Projects in Serei Saophoan ......................................... 44 4.8. Detailed Description of the Sub-Projects in Battambang ............................................... 52 4.9. Associated & Existing Facilities ..................................................................................... 56 5. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ............................................................ 57 5.1. Project Area of Influence ............................................................................................... 57 5.2. Baseline Receptor Summary ......................................................................................... 58 5.3. Geography, Geology, Topography ................................................................................ 62 5.4. Meteorology and Climate Change ................................................................................. 62 5.5. Hydrology, Surface and Ground Water .......................................................................... 65 5.6. Air Quality and Noise .................................................................................................... 66 5.7. Noise ............................................................................................................................. 68 5.8. Natural Disasters ........................................................................................................... 68 5.9. Physical Cultural Resources ......................................................................................... 69 5.10. Special or Protected Areas .......................................................................................... 69 5.11. Ecological Resources .................................................................................................. 70 5.12. Socio-Economic Conditions......................................................................................... 72 5.13. Dumpsite Environment ................................................................................................ 73 5.14. Wastewater Treatment Plant Environment. ................................................................. 74 6. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .................................. 74 6.1. Project Environmental Benefits ..................................................................................... 74 6.2. Environmental Impact Screening ................................................................................... 76 6.3. Impacts Associated with Project Location, Planning and Design ................................... 77 6.4. Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures during Construction............................. 78 6.5. Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures during Operation ................................. 83 7. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ........................................................................... 85 7.1. No Project Alternative ................................................................................................... 85 7.2. Solid Waste Management Design and Technology Alternatives .................................... 86 7.3. Wastewater Treatment Design and Technology Alternatives......................................... 86 8. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ....................... 88 8.1. Public Consultations during Project Preparation ............................................................ 88 8.2. Public Consultations during Project Implementation ...................................................... 96 8.3. Consultation during Operation ....................................................................................... 97 8.4. Information Disclosure .................................................................................................. 97 9. Grievance Redress Mechanism ............................................................................ 97 10. Environmental Management Plan ....................................................................... 98 11. Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................... 99 11.1. Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 99 11.2. Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 99 List of tables Table 1 Summary of Project

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