Williamsburg Trail Town GAP Case Study High

Home , Ghost Town Trail, Great Eastern Trail

WILLIAMSBURG:WILLIAMSBURG: TRAIL TRAIL TOWN TOWN AA CASE CASE STUDY STUDY OF OF THE THE GREATER GREATER ALLEGHENYALLEGHENY PASSAGE PASSAGE Community Buy In 19 Online Marketing 35 Table of Services 20 Town Signage 36 Contents Restaurants 20 Trail Expansion 37 Table of Contents 2 Lodging 20 Completed Expansion 38 Background 3 Tour Operators, Outﬁtters, and Planned Expansion 38 Outdoor Gear Shops 22 Trails 4 Medium Term Expansion 38 Other Services 23 Town 5 Long Term Expansion 39 Built Environment 23 Location 5 Project Implementation 42 Urban Triage 23 Existing Assets 6 Project Matrix 43 Zoning reform 24 Greater Allegheny Passage Further Reading 47 Trail Towns 7 Parking 26 Trail Beneﬁts 8 Street Space 28 Trail Town Comparison 10 Street Furniture and Other General Conclusions 10 Infrastructure 30 Trail Advertising 16 Park Space 31 Business Opportunities 17 Public Programming 33 Williamsburg: Case Study Events 33 Applications 18 Passport Programs 34 Trail User Surveys 19 Advertisement 35 BACKGROUND Williamsburg is situated at the translate to visitors from these trails intersection of many local, regional, staying longer and spending more in Trails and national trails and trail systems. town. The trails traveling through Investments in Williamsburg could Williamsburg include:1

WILLIAMSBURG TRAIL MATRIX

Distance to significantly-sized Trail Description trail towns near Williamsburg Hiking trail through Pennsylvania from Maryland to New York Pine Grove Mills:1 26 miles Mid State Trail borders Everett: 35 miles Pine Grove Mills:1 26 miles Great Eastern Trail Set of linked hiking trails connecting Alabama to New York Everett: 35 miles 16 mile Rail to Trail on the abandoned Petersburg Branch of the Lower Trail None Pennsylvania Railroad Main Line from Flowing Spring to Alfarata Set of linked hiking and biking trails connecting New York City, Hollidaysburg: 14 miles 9/11 Memorial Trail Shanksville, PA, and Washington DC Huntingdon: 17 miles Bike route through Pennsylvania from Maryland to New York Martinsburg: 12 miles PA Bike Route G borders Pine Grove Mills: 26 miles WalkWork: Pirate's Treasure Hunt/ Walking route loop passing many historical sites in Williamsburg Within Williamsburg Borough Williamsburg History Tour WalkWork: Lower Trail Mostly within Williamsburg Walking route along a portion of the Lower Trail River Walk Borough River trail navigable by small boats between Hollidaysburg and Hollidaysburg: 14 miles Juniata Water Trail Harrisburg Huntingdon: 17 miles SA Horse and Buggy Bike Bike route loop through Williamsburg and Martinsburg Martinsburg: 12 miles Route

1 Located one mile and 600 vertical feet oﬀ-trail

4 Trails traveling through Williamsburg: more map details at jamesgraef.com/williamsburg

Lower Trail Hiking Trails Linked Bike Trails Bike Routes Water Trails Trail Proposals

LOCATION through Williamsburg to reach the Lower Trail. Town Williamsburg is optimally located to be a key trail town: • Every trail travels through the center of town. This is rare for trail towns on It is at the intersection of many • most trails, including the Greater separate trails, most of which go Allegheny Passage (GAP) trail, and any potential extension of the Lower

5 Trail to Hollidaysburg.2 It is especially Surveys should be conducted to • Generally well-preserved, dense, rare for hiking trails like the Mid State determine the amount of traffic through historical building stock along High Trail, which often stay in forests and Williamsburg on each trail, both day Street and surroundings on ridges. trips and through-travel, and to • Historical sites including Big Springs • It is far from other trail towns of determine which services visitors from Mansion and cemetery 345 significant size, meaning more each trail typically require. • Right-sized, moderately trafficked visitors will need to stop to find main streets with ample on-street services they need. ACTIVE RECREATION parking TRAVEL DISTANCES The chance that a through-hiker or • Natural features including Indian Typical Day Typical Multi- Chief Rock and Big Springs -biker will stop in Williamsburg is Trip3 Day Trip3 higher if they need services: food, • Recreation facilities including 15-30 miles/ lodging, mail, or laundry. Because Hiking4 5-15 miles Riverside Park, Williamsburg Farm day hikers walk significantly less than Show Grounds, Williamsburg bikers bike per day, they are more likely 40-100 miles/ Community Center, and nearby Biking5 10-50 miles to need services near Williamsburg. day Canoe Creek State Park Additionally, trail towns along the • Organizations who contribute to hiking-only Mid State Trail and Great Williamsburg, including the EXISTING ASSETS Eastern Trail are far more sparse and Williamsburg Community School can require a detour from the trail. This Williamsburg has the existing physical, District, Williamsburg Area Volunteer is compared to the significantly closer economic, and social infrastructure Fire Department, Williamsburg nearby towns along the 9/11 Memorial necessary for improvement. Existing Community Center, and Williamsburg Bike Trail, both of whose centers the infrastructure includes: Betterment trail goes near or through. Therefore, • Local businesses, including two this report assumes while most active restaurants and multiple grocery and recreation visitors to Williamsburg will convenience stores arrive by bike, services for through- • Educational institutions, including a travelers will generally target hikers. public library and two schools

2 Insight gained from Jane Sheﬃeld, Allegheny Ridge Corporation 3 Single and multi-day travel distances based on Pennsylvania terrain and general skill of travelers 4 Appalachian Trail Statistics That Will Suprise, Entertain, and Inform You: REI 5 Bike Tour Planning: How Far Should You Plan to Cycle Each Day: Bicycle Touring Pro

6 GREATER ALLEGHENY

PASSAGE TRAIL TOWNS Greater Allegheny Passage trail route and trail towns: more map details at jamesgraef.com/williamsburg Trail Beneﬁts Trails have the potential to change Williamsburg for the better. • The GAP trail contributes 50 million dollars to local economies along its length annually and hosts over 850,000 users annually.6 • GAP Trail users spend an average of $18 during a day trip per person, and $124 during an overnight trip per person per day, on average 4-6 days.7 • Pedestrian and bike infrastructure contributes more to local economies than road infrastructure per dollar spent.8 • Trails increase nearby property values, increase tourism, and create vibrant communities for residents, old and new.8

6 About Us: Trail Town Program Why Trails: American Trails 7 Trail Town Guide: Trail Town Program 8 Economic Beneﬁts: American Trails

8 Annual Traﬃc Annual Through-Rider Traﬃc Town Population

301,048 200,000 19,480 20,000 19,115

150,000 15,000

100,000 10,000 8,564

7,316

50,000 5,000

3,138 2,496 2,114 2,038 1,683 729 828 873 545 571 378 353 437 455 57 0 0 Garrett Garrett Dawson Boston Smithton Smithton Braddock Braddock Sutersville Sutersville Ohiopyle Perryopolis Perryopolis Frostburg Frostburg Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Corriganville Rockwood Conﬂuence Homestead Meyersdale Cumberland McKeesport Connellsville Mount Savage West Newton West

Official GAP Trail Towns ffi c Counter) (Deal Tra Other towns along GAP 9 Rockwood Huntingdon are farther from Williamsburg than Frostburg and This town is located in the interstitial Trail Town Cumberland are from Mount Savage, space between rural farms and Hollidaysburg and Altoona are much wooded forest. Market Street’s Comparison larger population centers, so dignified central green median marks Three GAP trail towns which had the comparing the trail towns’ proximity to the center of town. The town is across closest populations to Williamsburg larger population centers might be the Casselman River from the GAP were analyzed in detail: informative. trail, with only one crossable bridge connecting the two. This section of the Confluence GAP trail sees just over 25,000 riders This highly successful trail town is annually, marking the beginning of the located near Ohiopyle State Park, at lowest-trafficked section of trail General the beginning of stretches of world- stretching to just before Frostburg.9 For class whitewater rafting on the these reasons, Rockwood’s Conclusions Youghiogheny River, and on a forested relationship to the GAP trail seems section of the GAP trail. Confluence is most similar to Williamsburg’s • GAP trail town services were created centered around a town square park relationship to the Lower Trail. in response to GAP trail expansion in typical for a small town. The town the early 2000s which brought many center is much closer to Youghiogheny Mount Savage new visitors needing lodging, River Lake than Williamsburg is to restaurants, bathrooms, and water This town is not officially listed as a Raystown Lake, but the former is a fountains.10 Services should reflect GAP trail town. The town has no dense much smaller lake. Confluence sees the needs of visitors to each specific business center or main public space, significant ridership of the GAP trail trail. Community placemaking and and it is almost a mile from the trail in a because of its proximity to Ohiopyle, improvement should prioritize valley, while the trail hugs the side of whose section of trail hosts almost resident needs and aspirations to the ridge above. The town is between 75,000 riders annually.9 create unique communities and build Frostburg and Cumberland which raise community support.10 traffic in Mount Savage, both on the • Trail services, especially lodging, GAP trail and on the surrounding road seem to amass between the trail network. Though Hollidaysburg and town center and the trail.

9 Analysis of 2019 Trail Usage Patterns along the Great Allegheny Passage: GAP Trail 10 Insight gained from Cathy McCollom, McCollom Development Strategies

10 TRAIL TOWN COMPARISON MATRIX

Williamsburg Confluence Rockwood Mount Savage Population 1,182 729 828 873

Distance from town 250 feet .5 miles .65 miles .9 miles center to trail Hollidaysburg: 14 miles Ohiopyle: 8 miles Confluence: 13 miles Frostburg: 4 miles Nearby Trail Towns Huntingdon: 17 miles Rockwood: 13 miles Garrett: 6 miles Corriganville: 4.5 miles Lodgings (non-camping) In town: 17 In town: 1 In town: 3 In town: 1 on Google Maps Town outskirts: 4 In town: 0 In town: 18 In town: 13 In town: 0 Listings on AirBnB Town outskirts: 0 Town outskirts: 11 Town outskirts: 2 Town outskirts: 0 In town: 0 In town: 11 In town: 0 In town: 0 Listings on VRBO Town outskirts: 1 Town outskirts: 4 Town outskirts: 1 Town outskirts: 0 Public in Confluence: 1 Canoe Creek State Private in Confluence: 1 Camping (non-primitive) Park nearby Private in Rockwood: 1 0 Private nearby Williamsburg Confluence: 1

Grocery and 3 4 3 0 Convenience Stores Eating and Drinking 3 3 4 3 Establishments

Williamsburg High Street’s proximity • Towns are generally organized around themselves from their everyday to the Lower Trail might mean these a central public space such as a town modern environment. services are more concentrated, square park. This public space • Lodging seems especially important though they might amass near a bolsters the image of the town as a in towns far from other population potential Big Springs Park and quaint vestige of the railroad age, centers but near tourist destinations. shared-use path, for easy access to allowing visitors to separate Conﬂuence is a bike ride away from the various trails. Ohiopyle State Park, Fallingwater,

11 Services in Williamsburg, PA on the Lower Trail: more map details at jamesgraef.com/williamsburg

Food and Shopping Lodging Civic Institutions Point of Interest Camping and Parks Parking Canoe Access Bike Repair Shop

Lower Trail Hiking Trails Linked Bike Trails Bike Routes Water Trails Trail Proposals

12 Services in Confluence, PA on the GAP Trail: more map details at jamesgraef.com/williamsburg

Food and Shopping Lodging Civic Institutions Point of Interest Camping and Parks Parking Canoe Access Bike Repair Shop

GAP Trail

13 Services in Rockwood, PA on the GAP Trail: more map details at jamesgraef.com/williamsburg

Food and Shopping Lodging Civic Institutions Point of Interest Camping and Parks Parking Canoe Access Bike Repair Shop

GAP Trail

14 Services in Mount Savage, PA on the GAP Trail: more map details at jamesgraef.com/williamsburg

Food and Shopping Lodging Civic Institutions Point of Interest Camping and Parks Parking Canoe Access Bike Repair Shop

GAP Trail

15 and other destinations in the area. • Narratives about the history and Ohiopyle’s small size limits its services offered at each trail town, capacity of non-camping lodging Trail Advertising with links to relevant further reading accommodations, which allows The GAP trail is the main marketing and the website of each town.12 Confluence to serve a significant tool for trail towns hoping to attract • PDF brochures of each trail town, need. Alternatively, Mount Savage hikers and bikers to their local showing maps of local services and has very few accommodations, businesses. Therefore, the Allegheny lists of local events.13 probably due to its proximity to larger Trail Alliance, which runs the GAP trail, • Documents for each trail town with Cumberland and Frostburg. and The Progress Fund’s Trail Town an index of existing businesses and a • Restaurants and other businesses Program help trail towns attract listing of potential business less related to trail users seem to customers and entrepreneurs looking opportunities based on the GAP trail thrive where they can serve local to make trail towns better. The customer base and gaps in existing residents and nearby large population organizations associated with each trail business offerings.14 centers, regardless of trail usage. passing through Williamsburg could To implement any of these strategies • GAP and C&O Canal through-riders implement similar strategies for their and succeed in attracting more visitors, can use the Capitol Limited Amtrak own trail towns. As the trails grow in a trail association must have a modern, line, which stops in Pittsburgh, popularity, their marketing of engaging website with good search Cumberland, and Washington DC, Williamsburg will reach more potential engine optimization (SEO).15 As trail among other towns, to return to their visitors. GAP trail strategies include: associations upgrade their websites, starting point. Riders on an expanded Interactive map showing the trail • Williamsburg should push to include Lower Trail could potentially ride the route and restaurants, marketing about adjacent trail towns, Pennsylvanian Amtrak line between accommodations, gear shops, and and provide appropriate photos, Altoona and Huntingdon, and tour operators within and between literature, business listings, and eventually between Pittsburgh and trail towns. Businesses sponsoring business opportunities to make the Harrisburg or Philadelphia. the trail can be highlighted as task of including trail town marketing compensation for their support.11 as easy as possible for trail

11 Interactive Map: GAP Trail 12 Trail Towns: GAP Trail 13 Conﬂuence Brochure: GAP Trail 14 Greater Allegheny Passage: Trail Town Program 15 GAP Trail Website: gaptrail.org

16 associations which can have limited or Food and Drink no staff. • Outdoor seating and expanded evening and weekend hours • Restaurant with breakfast, ethnic, or higher-end options • Restaurant with fresh and healthy, Business farm-to-table, locally grown, and/or Opportunities vegetarian menu items • Food establishment with packed The Trail Town Program’s lists of lunches or ice cream for trail-side potential business opportunities for consumption Confluence and Rockwood, which • Bike-themed or trail-oriented cafe might be applicable to Williamsburg, Brewpub, wine bar, or bar & have been concatenated and • restaurant with craft beers and condensed here:16 imports Lodging Retail • Bed & Breakfasts—accommodation Expanded evening and weekend type most commonly visited by GAP • hours trail users • Specialty, artisan, or gift shops • Guest or vacation houses—for larger groups or smaller budgets Other Amenities Recreational • Regional shuttle service for people, bikes, luggage, and equipment • Recreational outfitter with potential retail for cycling, jogging, camping, birding, non-motorized water sports —serving a regional need

16 Rockwood Business Opportunities: Trail Town Program Conﬂuence Business Opportunities: Trail Town Program

17 WILLIAMSBURG: CASE

STUDY APPLICATIONS • Speciﬁc trail which each visitor is Community members must be involved traveling on in this entire process to stop any Trail User • Services used in Williamsburg—this potential us-them relationships from can be used to estimate the current forming against trail supporters and Surveys economic impact of trails18 visitors.19 Increased tourism and Before work is done to make • Service types and hours of operation improvements will create a virtuous Williamsburg more inviting to visitors, it desired by visitors—many visitors cycle through which residents will see is important to know who visits might arrive in Williamsburg for dinner Williamsburg as a trail town more and 20 Williamsburg now. A survey of visitors or pass through for an early breakfast more. To begin this process: should be undertaken at multiple • Visitors’ qualitative rating of • Groups of business owners, locations along every trail traveling Williamsburg’s built environment community members, and other through Williamsburg, though most stakeholders should walk through eﬀort can be focused on the Lower existing trail towns, including those Trail heading north from Williamsburg on the GAP trail, and Williamsburg to because most trails travel together in identify and compare their strengths this direction. Questions to be Community and weaknesses and to brainstorm answered include: potential improvements.21 • Total number of trail users—usually Buy In • Programs for trail clean-up, planting, completed with automatic counters Citizens of Williamsburg must and improvement should be created and used to extrapolate other participate in the trail town and expanded so community categories17 improvement process to ensure the members, especially school-aged • Number of through hikers and bikers, improvements make Williamsburg a children and seniors, feel they are 22 and length of trip better place for all stakeholders. engaged with trails.

17 Analysis of 2019 Trail Usage Patterns along the Great Allegheny Passage: GAP Trail 18 Insight gained from Jane Sheﬃeld, Allegheny Ridge Corporation 19 Insight gained from Cathy McCollom, McCollom Development Strategies 20 Insight gained from Jane Sheﬃeld, Allegheny Ridge Corporation and Cathy McCollom, McCollom Development Strategies 21 Examples of Checklist Frameworks: Kentucky Trail Town Program Workbook, page 67: Kentucky Trail Town Trail Town Checklist: GAP Trail 22 Titusville Trail Town Master Plan: City of Titusville, PA

19 • An advisory committee of local RESTAURANTS could move into the existing garage stakeholders should be created to and gas station on High St at 2nd St. Restaurants have multiple potential advocate for and advise on projects The main building could be expanded sources of customers in Williamsburg: improving Williamsburg’s physical on either side and outdoor seating and and organizational interaction with • Local residents event space could fill up a park or local trails. These stakeholders • Trail users plaza space between the building and should be chosen based on their • Drivers traveling from Altoona and High St. Music events would provide interest in making Williamsburg a trail Hollidaysburg to Raystown Lake time-sensitive reasons for customers town and should be eager to • Residents of Altoona, Hollidaysburg, from cities around the region to travel coordinate and share ideas with Huntingdon, and even State College to Williamsburg for food, potentially by nearby towns.23 bike. Two examples of rural restaurants serving different regional populations in Other food establishment needs Central Pennsylvania include: include a coffee shop, potentially paired with ice cream for all-day • Spruce Creek Tavern, Spruce Creek, service, and restaurants serving Services PA: Restaurant and bar specializing packed lunches for on-trail eating. Any in wings and fry platters, with local The most straightforward way to restaurant in Williamsburg should be live music. Some outdoor deck encourage visitors to come to advertised on maps services, including seating, one semi-private dining Williamsburg is to provide the services Google and Apple Maps, and crowd- room, and televisions on every wall.24 those visitors require. Most or all of sourced restaurant rating sites, like Elk Creek Café & Aleworks, Millheim, these services can be provided by • Yelp and Tripadvisor private business owners, though PA: Restaurant with Ales brewed on- Williamsburg can help by making premise and fresh food from local LODGING zoning requirements accommodating farms. Regular events with local and and by advertising opportunities for touring musicians, with WiFi and local It is important to have a wide range of development. Opportunities include: art decorating the walls.25 lodging types for different budgets, group sizes, and amenity needs. GAP Either model could be implemented in trail towns provide examples of three Williamsburg. For example, a brewery groups:

23 Insight gained from Mark Ickes, Explore Altoona 24 Spruce Creek Tavern Facebook Page 25 Elk Creek Cafe Website

20 Bed & Breakfasts and Guest and Vacation Houses creating brochures specifying the Hostels on Vacation Rental Sites process of listing a house or room. The borough could also host events to These traditional options are the most Vacation rental sites like AirBnB and teach techniques for taking better frequented on the GAP trail, and can VRBO allow residents to supplement listing pictures or creating better provide accommodation to most their income by renting a room or their check-in experiences. potential visitors, though these entire house with little setup effort or businesses require significant setup cost, and allow visitors on tight costs. Spaces dedicated to lodging for budgets or in big groups to find Camping and Cabins visitors should be advertised on a accommodation. Usually marketing The nearest cabins to Williamsburg are stand alone website, social media exposure only on vacation rental sites at Canoe Creek State Park. While these pages, maps services, hotel search can sustain these rental properties. cabins are great for the visitors who aggregators, and/or vacation rental Williamsburg should advertise the use them, cabin users are less likely to websites like AirBnB and VRBO. possibilities of vacation rental sites to spend time and money in Williamsburg, local landowners with extra space by 6 miles away—especially if they are

CAMPSITE TYPE COMPARISON MATRIX

Cabins RV Sites Tent Campsites Primitive Sites Infrastructure Cabin structure potentially Gravel or asphalt pad Gravel or dirt pad Fire ring with gas Electrical Usually included Required Not required None Infrastructure Sewage Bath house Bath house and dump site Bath house Outhouse Infrastructure Potential Rental costs similar to Neutral Neutral Minimal revenue vacation rental sites Potential Similar to most trail town Visitors with RVs. Often Camping visitors and Through-hikers and Customers visitors looking for non- tent camping is less splurging through-hikers. backpackers. Campsites camping lodging. enjoyable around RVs Sites should be spread must be free or close to because of increased light away from each other and free, because there are and noise. shaded by existing trees. unlimited alternatives in nearby woods.

21 biking or hiking and have no car to Williamsburg without available bike store in Williamsburg as a joint venture, access. Camping facilities along Clover or boat rentals. Most importantly, a allowing for more total starting capital Creek Road on the Big Springs broken bike or boat on a trip can be and lower operating expenses per Mansion property would allow visitors detrimental without nearby facilities for business. Existing local outfitters and to camp closer to Williamsburg. This repair. Outdoors shops should serve outdoor gear shops in the region site specifically would work well some or all of the following markets: include: because it would necessitate visitors • Road and mountain biking • Rothrock Outfitters, Huntingdon: bike travel through Williamsburg’s center to • Non-motorized boating sales, repairs, and rentals, non- access the campsites from the Lower • Horseback riding motorized boat sales and rentals with Trail. A sidewalk along Clover Creek shuttle service for people and • Cross country skiing Road should be provided to connect equipment available to the Juniata Hiking, backpacking, and camping the camping facilities to Williamsburg. • River through Williamsburg26 Facilities could begin as primitive sites • Running and jogging • Canoe Creek Boat Rentals, within and could be expanded or improved as • Birding Canoe Creek State Park: non- required. [ see campsite type comparison • Caving motorized boat rentals on Canoe matrix ] • Climbing Lake27 Canoe Mountain Outfitters, outside If Williamsburg cannot yet sustain a • TOUR OPERATORS, Canoe Creek State Park: fishing standalone outfitter or outdoors shop, OUTFITTERS, AND supplies in a stand open 24 hours28 OUTDOOR GEAR SHOPS seasonal stands could expand the • Tussey Mountain Outfitters, Trail town visitors are almost by reach of existing outfitters and shops located in Central Pennsylvania. Bellefonte: non-motorized boat sales, definition interested in outdoor gear. repairs, and rentals with shuttle Additionally, many potential Lower Trail Alternatively, multiple outfitters and shops could create a single adventure service for people and equipment or Juniata River users might not travel available to select destinations29

26 Rothrock Outfitters Website 27 Canoe Creek Boats Website 28 Canoe Mountain Outfitters Facebook Page 29 Tussey Mountain Outfitters Website

22 • Appalachian Outdoors, State College: • Freeze Thaw Cycles, State College: • Venues for events—potentially Big outdoor sports shop, including new and used bike fittings, sales, and Springs Mansion climbing and winter snow sports, repairs35 • Cultural centers, like art galleries, with winter snow sports fittings and • Eddie’s Bicycles and Hockey performing arts venues, or museums repairs and cross country ski rentals30 Equipment, State College: bike sales —potentially Big Springs Mansion • Spokes n Skis, Altoona: bike and and repair and skating sales36 winter sports shop, with seasonal • Kesinger Bicycle & Sign Shop, downhill skiing and snowboarding Martinsburg: bike repair shop37 31 rentals and repairs • Newswangers Bike Shop, • Pedal Power, Altoona: bike sales and Martinsburg: bike repair shop38 Built repairs32 Environment • Fat Jimmy’s Outfitters, Bedford and OTHER SERVICES Johnstown: new and used bike Once visitors have been attracted to fitting, sales, and repairs, kayak Williamsburg would benefit from the Williamsburg by the services they sales, and bike and non-motorized establishment of any of the following require, Williamsburg can be the force boat rentals33 businesses: that keeps visitors longer and pushes • The Bicycle Shop, State College: bike • Businesses serving through-hikers: them to come back. sales, fitting, repair, replacement laundromat, haircutting 34 parts, and rentals • Businesses serving tourists: spas; URBAN TRIAGE specialty, artisan, and gift shops Building projects should be concentrated to the degree possible on

30 Appalachian Outdoors Website 31 Spokes n Skis Website 32 Pedal Power Facebook Page 33 Fat Jimmy's Outﬁtters Website 34 The Bicycle Shop Website 35 Freeze Thaw Cycle Website 36 Eddie's Bicycles and Hockey Equipment Website 37 Kensinger Bicycle Sign Shop Facebook Page 38 Newswangers Bike Shop Facebook Page

23 ZONING REFORM WILLIAMSBURG URBAN TRIAGE Zoning should be a tool used to Priority Street Beginning End Justification achieve the town Williamsburg residents and visitors want. Therefore, High High St Juniata Union St Main street, significant retail, zoning regulations should retain small- River connects to spring town charm while encouraging healthy, Medium E 1st St High St Liberty St Parallels potential future park equitable development. Zoning should: space, access to Lower Trail • Generally encourage new building Medium Spring St E 1st St E 2nd St Retail, parallels potential projects to have the same size and future park space scale of the buildings on the same Low 2nd St 424 W 2nd Spring St Creates grid of triaged block St streets • Mandate new buildings be designed to meet ‘build-to’ lines on property an urban core which is the extent of rooms.’ Trips are made useful by lines facing streets, to create Williamsburg most visitors stay within. having retail, restaurants, businesses, consistent ‘street walls’ on each Urban Planner Jeff Speck calls this and residential space near each other, block of each street Urban Triage: prioritizing the parts of and are made interesting with retail • Allow for a mix of uses on the same town experienced by the most people window displays, outdoor restaurant block or in the same building to create a vital, walkable, mixed-use seating, and front porches on single • Horizontally: corner stores similar core which can be expanded in the family homes. Two strategies should be in form to nearby housing could future.39 pursued to encourage comfortable, be located on corner lots in useful, and interesting trips: vacant otherwise residential areas Prioritized streets should be designed storefronts and blank facades should to encourage people to use them, on • Vertically: residential units and be reactivated with new businesses, foot or by bike especially. To do this, office space should be window displays, or murals; and open trips must be safe, comfortable, useful, encouraged above retail on main lots and surface parking lots should be streets and interesting.39 Safety comes from built on to replace ‘missing teeth’ in the redesigning the public street, • Mandate a high percentage of glazing street wall.39 discussed in the [ see street space ]. on ground-floor retail to make Comfortable spaces are streets with walking next to retail facades defined street walls, creating ‘outdoor interesting

39 Speck, Jeﬀ. Walkable City: How Downtown Can Save America One Step at a Time. New York: North Point Press, 2012.

24 Williamsburg urban triage: priority streets, street facades, and open lot ‘missing teeth:’ more map details at jamesgraef.com/williamsburg

Urban Triage High Priority Medium Priority Low Priority

Street Facades Missing Teeth Must Renovate Unactivated Blank Facade Residential Activated

Open Lots High Priority Medium Priority Low Priority

Park Shared-Use Path

25 PARKING and mandating new developments demolish existing buildings for Off-street parking makes Williamsburg parking lots less appealing to residents and visitors: • Hiking and biking visitors to Parking lots push houses and shops • Williamsburg who parked outside farther from each other, making Williamsburg do not see any of the walking and biking around convenience benefits of off-street Williamsburg unenjoyable and parking impractical • Entrances to businesses can be Off-street parking can easily be pushed farther from the street—like replaced by on-street parking. at Dollar General—or oriented toward Williamsburg has slightly less than 900 parking rather than the street—like at on-street parking spaces, including Nic’s Tobacco Outlet—which makes over 100 on High St from 1st St to walking on adjacent streets less Union St.40 The following strategies Fig. 1: Park(ing) Day Outdoor seating in comfortable and interesting should be used to move away from parallel parking spaces: Houston Parking • Driveways and parking lot entrances requiring new off-street parking with all Day: Houston Chronicle take street space which could be new developments in Williamsburg: used for on-street parking and make • Remove parking minimums from • Make creating outdoor seating for walking on sidewalks less safe—like zoning regulations and implement restaurants easily permitted on wide at Martin’s General Store along High parking maximums, if necessary, sidewalks and in temporarily St especially for commercial buildings repurposed on-street parking spaces • On-street parking provides extra near the center of town [ see figure 1 ] protection to pedestrians on the • Paint buffer spaces between on- • Discourage off-street parking to limit sidewalk from moving vehicles in the street parking spots to allow for its negative consequences [ see street, but off-street parking provides easier parking [ see figures 2 and 3 ] parking ] none of the same benefit • Work with Williamsburg School • Parking lots require land and money District and other owners of parking for construction and maintenance, lots usually used during the week and making new development less viable during the school year, including

40 This approximation does not account for unusable spaces currently used for driveways and parking lot entrances. Parallel parking west of High St: 6,858 ft / 20 ft per space = 343. On High St: 2,306 ft / 20 ft per space = 115. East of High St: 7,996 ft / 20 ft per space = 400. North of Juniata River: 569 ft / 20 ft per space = 28.

26 On-street and off-street parking: more map details at jamesgraef.com/williamsburg

On-Street Parking

Oﬀ-Street Parking Existing for Recreation Existing Proposed

27 Williamsburg municipal building, to provide extra off-street parking for visitors during weekends and summertime • Ensure, if demand becomes high enough in the far future, that residents will retain on-street parking allowances using permits or other measures • Make parking locations clear on map applications and with physical signs Fig. 2: Buffer spaces between parallel Fig. 4: Temporary plastic bollards, [ see town signage ] parking spaces in State College allow temporary curbs, and paint demark an cars to more easily pull in and out expanded sidewalk: DDOT Completes Temporary Bulb-Outs: Greater Greater STREET SPACE Washington Williamsburg’s existing streets are well scaled for the vehicle traffic and pedestrian traffic using them. However, some improvements could make streets safer and nicer for pedestrians, while maintaining their throughput efficiency. The following should be implemented at all intersections in Williamsburg where applicable, prioritized based on urban triage priority. [ see urban triage ] All improvements can be made with paint and plastic bollards first, [ see figure 4 ] Fig. 3: Buffer spaces are taken from the Fig. 5: Pedestrian bulb-outs in State then curbs can be moved as roads are front and back of adjacent spaces, so College shorten crosswalks and slow reconstructed or as money is available: they take no more space than regular cars parallel parking spaces • Lane widths should be narrowed to 10 feet wide to slow vehicles and improve safety without decreasing

28 Fig. 6: Zebra stripe crosswalks in State Fig. 7: Many small bike racks near the Fig. 8: Fix-it bike repair station with tools, College have higher visibility for entrance to each business is most hand pump, and bike rack, near the pedestrians and drivers than outlined or convenient for visitors State College Municipal Building unmarked crosswalks.

throughput41 and parallel parking lanes would otherwise create unsafe • Gaps in Williamsburg’s relatively lanes can be narrowed to 7.5 feet views around corners [ see figure 5 ] intact sidewalk network should be • Pedestrian bulb-outs should narrow • Crosswalks should be painted with completed streets, and therefore crosswalks, at zebra stripes to increase visibility The intersection of High St and 1st St intersections where parallel parking [ see figure 6 ] should be given especial attention as the town center. The historical

41 Petritsch, Theodore. “The Inﬂuence of Lane Widths on Safety and Capacity: A Summary of the Latest Findings.” Sprinkle Consulting, Inc., NACTO.

29 * 2 *

3 1

* * 4

*cars yield at crosswalk before 4-way stop Fig. 9: Aerial view of the existing High Fig. 10: Aerial view of initial intersection Fig. 11: Aerial view of final intersection Street and 1st Street intersection redesign showing painted pavement redesign with reconstructed curbs and darker expanded garden spaces in corners expanded rectangular shape of the used as: [ numbers correspond to 3. Community garden space intersection should be maintained, but potential quadrants on figure 11 ] 4. A landscaped sign announcing the space for cars to speed around corners 1. A rain garden for sustainable entrance into Williamsburg [ see can be painted as sidewalk [ see figure stormwater management, which can town signage ] 10 ] and in the future turned into be extended along the curb garden space. Improving this between the road and sidewalk [ see STREET FURNITURE AND intersection will maintain figure 12 ] OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE Williamsburg’s Mid-Atlantic small-town infrastructure and create a true center 2. A relocated Veterans’ Memorial Park Public infrastructure should meet key of town like Conﬂuence and Rockwood when its current site is ready to be visitor needs: trash and recycling cans, have. Corner garden space can be developed benches, and street trees should be

30 placed along High Street, and ample • Horseback riding and cross country restroom, water fountain, picnic table, skiing should be accommodated with and pavilion facilities should be hitching areas and ski racks, included at Riverside Park.42 respectively, when necessary. Additionally, infrastructure should allow people to access Williamsburg via all PARK SPACE possible forms of active transportation: Big Springs is one of the reasons Bike racks are a necessity at every • Williamsburg is located where it is, and visitor destination, including lodging is one of the assets which diﬀerentiates facilities, and can replace on-street the town from other trail towns. To 43 parking when necessary. [ see figure capitalize on this asset, a linear public 7 ] Fix-it stations with repair tools park should be constructed around the should be considered near key bike spring and creek from its origin just racks.44 [ see figure 8 ] past Union St to where it meets the • Non-motorized boat access to all Juniata River. Features of the park parts of the Juniata River should be should include: improved, including in Williamsburg. • Riparian buﬀers along stream edges Improved ADA-accessible soft- to encourage groundwater recharge launches—made from sand or dirt • Interpretive signs showcasing the rather than concrete—and kayak/ Fig. 12: Curbside rain garden in State history of the spring and town [ see canoe short-term storage should be College slows stormwater and acts as considered near the Lower Trail town signage ] groundwater recharge Williamsburg parking station or within • A shared-use pedestrian and bike Riverside Park to allow boaters to path from Union St to the Lower Trail, experience Williamsburg in the becoming a wide sidewalk for the • The intersection of the shared-use path with the Lower Trail could middle of their trip.45 section of creek which parallels Spring St become the entrance to Williamsburg for visitors on the Lower Trail with

42 Connecting Town to Trail: Trail Town Program 43 Titusville Trail Town Master Plan: City of Titusville, PA 44 Connecting Town to Trail: Trail Town Program 45 Insight gained from Jane Sheﬃeld, Allegheny Ridge Corporation

31 Proposed Big Springs Park and shared-use path: more map details at jamesgraef.com/williamsburg

Food and Shopping Lodging Civic Institutions Point of Interest Camping and Parks Parking Canoe Access Bike Repair Shop

Park Shared-Use Path

32 associated signage [ see town • Juniata Valley 8K Trail Run, 1 Mile signage ] Public Trail Run, 2 Mile Fun Walk51 • The Mid-State Trail, Great Eastern • Huntingdon County Special Olympics Trail, PA Bike Route G, and SA Horse Programming 5K Race52 and Buggy Bike Route could be • Caught in the Chaos: 9/11 National rerouted along the park’s shared-use EVENTS Memorial Trail Commemoration53 path, though this should not be done Past visitor-attracting events and • Grier School Horseback Riding if it will negatively impact the sales of programs near Williamsburg include: Program use of the Lower Trail54 retail businesses on High St • Williamsburg Farm Show46 Potential visitor-attracting events and • ‘Run a Muck’/‘Laces for Alli’ Lower programs include: Trail Half Marathon, 5K Race, and 2 • Partnership with local summer camps Mile Fun Walk47 for day trips on the Lower Trail or at • Williamsburg High School Health Raystown Lake and a stop for food in Careers Club 5K Race48 Williamsburg: Shaver’s Creek • Rails to Trails Spring Gatherings49 Environmental Center, Seven • Walk to De-Feet Diabetes50 Mountains Summer Scout Camp, Camp Conshatawba, Camp Blue

46 Williamsburg Farm Show Website 47 7th Annual Run A Much 5k Run 2 Mile Walk Rails to Trails Registration Form: Williamsburg Summer Recreation Association 20th Annual Lower Trail 5k Race and 2 Mile Fun Walk Registration Form: Rails to Trails of Central PA Half Marathon, 5k Run, and 2 Mile Fun Walk Advertisement: Portage Lodge #220 48 Williamsburg High School Health Careers Club 5K Race Calendar Event 49 Rails to Trails Spring Gatherings Calendar Event 50 Walk to De-Feet Diabetes Calendar Event 51 Juniata Valley 8K Trail Run, 1 Mile Trail Run, 2 Mile Fun Walk Calendar Event 52 Huntingdon County Special Olympics 5K Race Calendar Event 53 Caught in the Chaos: 9/11 National Memorial Trail Commemoration Calendar Event 54 Insight gained from Jane Sheﬃeld, Allegheny Ridge Corporation

33 Diamond, Camp Golden Pond, Local businesses in Williamsburg, and would YMCA Summer Camps show them what remains for their next • Partnership with local college and visit. Williamsburg could begin by university physical education classes making a passport program for the for Lower Trail biking and Juniata Borough, then expand the program to River boat trips the Lower Trail, Pennsylvania Main Line • Partnership with local bike clubs, Canal Greenway, or Great Eastern Trail including the Blair Bike Club,55 to [ see trail expansion ] to allow for more sponsor beginner rides on the Lower exposure and cross-marketing. In Trail addition to maps, historical information, and fun facts, passports • Partnership with Grier School to expand school year and summer could contain spots for stamps, and horseback riding trips on the Lower even coupons, from the following: Trail • Local businesses, including gear • Festivals and cooking events, outﬁtters and restaurants, in Fig. 13: Example stamps from sponsored by the Williamsburg Area Williamsburg or along the sponsor businesses participating in the the Volunteer Fire Department56 trail Appalachian Trail Passport Program: • Town-wide picnics at Riverside Park • Trail service businesses, including Appalachian Trail Passport Website —for Memorial Day or Independence lodging and shuttle services, in Day Williamsburg or along the sponsor Williamsburg or along the sponsor trail trail • Public cross-country skiing and horseback riding events on the Lower • Trails which go through Williamsburg • Communities who support the Trail or other trails where permitted.57 or which cross or interline with the sponsor trail sponsor trail • US Post Oﬃces along the sponsor ‘Trail angels’—legendary supporters trail PASSPORT PROGRAMS • —of Williamsburg or the sponsor trail Stamp passport programs could Existing model passport programs • Historical, cultural, and natural include: encourage visitors to see more landmarks and state parks in historical sites and visit more

55 Blair Bicycle Club Website 56Calendar of Events: Conﬂuence, PA 57 Trail Towns: GAP Trail shows advertising of cross country skiing near Rockwood

34 • National Parks: Similar stamps for each visitors center and attraction within parks, historical sites, and heritage trails controlled by the National Parks Service.58 Pennsylvania Parks and Forests Foundation has a similar program. • Appalachian Trail: Customized stamps for businesses, communities, and landmarks along the Appalachian Trail.59 [ see figure 13 ] • Route 66: Standardized stamps for businesses and landmarks along historical Route 66, with articles about the route and discounts for businesses.60

Advertisement ONLINE MARKETING Most marketing of Williamsburg will happen organically through trails and their organizations, and through services in Williamsburg and their Fig. 14: Comparison between Google Maps pins for the Great Allegheny Passage Western associated businesses. Williamsburg Terminus and the Lower Trail—more information on the Lower Trail pin would improve SEO can also market itself by highlighting

58 Passport Program: National Park Service 59 Location Categories: Appalachian Trail Passport 60 Passport Program: Route 66

35 features which make it distinct from Marketing can occur mainly online. high SEO when searching for things other destinations. First, the town must Williamsburg’s features and services to do in Altoona and Hollidaysburg. A decide what features make can be detailed on a Williamsburg Lower Trail extension to Williamsburg special. These features tourism website, similar to Hollidaysburg would improve SEO by could include: Confluence’s website62 and with a bringing pins closer to where people • Natural beauty, namely Indian Chief focus on search engine optimization are searching [ see figure 14 ] Rock (SEO). This information can also be added to partner organization • The trail intersection of Central PA, TOWN SIGNAGE websites: namely the Mid State Trail and Great When visitors get to Williamsburg, they • Trail organization websites63 Eastern Trail intersecting the Lower should be greeted by information Trail and 9/11 Memorial Trail • Explore Altoona: Blair County Visitors boasting about Williamsburg’s • Quaint, historical downtown and Bureau—Williamsburg could be one businesses and history, encouraging 64 spring, with central square at main of ‘Our Communities’ them to stay in town longer. Potential crossroads and park showcasing Big • Blair County Convention Center: Visit signs include: [ see figures 15 ] Springs Altoona—Nature Recreation and the • On main roads entering Williamsburg, Many of Williamsburg’s potential Lower Trail could be a fourth advertising on- and off-street parking visitors could be from within Central category of ‘Things to Do’65 locations Pennsylvania, especially initially.61 • Visit PA: Biking—market the Lower At intersections of trails, advertising Marketing should encourage these Trail66 • the multitude of trails criss-crossing potential visitors to vacation locally, The Alleghenies67 • Williamsburg and hosting interesting and events should be highlighted to • Google Things to Do—add detail to information about each—miles to create time-specific reasons to visit. Williamsburg and Lower Trail Google their beginning and end points, for [ see public programming ] Maps and Apple Maps pins to ensure instance

61 Insight gained from Mark Ickes, Explore Altoona 62 Conﬂuence, PA Visitor Website: visitconﬂuence.info 63 Lower Trail; Mid State Trail; 9/11 Memorial Trail; Great Eastern Trail; Main Line Canal Greenway 64 Explore Altoona: Blair County Visitors Bureau 65 Visit Altoona: Blair County Convention Center 66 Biking: Visit PA 67 The Alleghenies

36 Figs. 15: Parking, navigation, and branding signage examples existing in State College and proposed in the State College Downtown Master Plan • Maps at high-traﬃcked intersections, showing trails, businesses, parking, other points of interest, and suggested walking tours of town—to accommodate business turnover QR codes could show up-to-date business listings on the Williamsburg website68 [ see online marketing ] • At high pedestrian-traﬃcked areas, listing businesses and how to get to each—to accommodate business turnover QR codes could show up- to-date listings on the Williamsburg website68 [ see online marketing ] • At main entrances of Williamsburg as welcome signs68 • Interpretive signs at historical sites around Williamsburg

Trail Expansion Longer trails enable longer trips and encourage more visitors by standing out among shorter trail competition and by connecting more interesting destinations. The Lower Trail is the trail on which most others travel for at least part of their path into Williamsburg, so it is the main candidate for expansion.

68 Insight gained from Jane Sheﬃeld, Allegheny Ridge Corporation

37 Proposed parking, information, and welcome signage: more map details at jamesgraef.com/williamsburg The following expansion proposals are ranked in order of priority:

COMPLETED EXPANSION When opened, the .9 mile Lower Trail extension to Canoe Creek State Park will connect a system of multi-use trails, Canoe Lake, and eight cabins to the Lower Trail and to Williamsburg.

PLANNED EXPANSION 1. Lower Trail extension to Hollidaysburg: rights-of-way for this 8.7 mile extension to Canal Basin Park are currently being secured.69 This will make the Lower Trail 25 miles in total and will allow visitors from Hollidaysburg to bike the entire trip to Williamsburg.

MEDIUM TERM EXPANSION Interpretive 2. Mid State Trail extension to Businesses Allegrippis Trail System on Map Raystown Lake: A trail from the Trails Lower Trail through Williamsburg, Welcome then following the Mid State Trail Parking until it meets the ridge of Tussey Mountain where it would follow Park forested and rural roads to meet the Shared-Use Path Allegrippis mountain biking trail

69 Hollidaysburg Extension: Rails to Trails of Central PA

38 system and by extension the Old Route 22 could connect the 6 to Pike Road or the Juniata River to Raystown Mountain Bike Skills Park. 10 Trail to the Allegheny Portage the east and Brush Run and Mill This connection would allow visitors Railroad National Historic Site Run to the west. Special attention of Allegrippis from Hollidaysburg to visitors center and historical should be given to connecting to bike all the way there. One short buildings. This would create a 37.7 Amtrak stations so riders could shared-use path connection mile continuous trail running travel back to their starting point between Lakeland Drive and Larrys exclusively on shared-use path with negotiated roll-on/roll-off bike Drive would significantly decrease through the entirety of Blair County. service.72 the distance during which the trail The 9/11 Memorial Trail would be 6. Future Pennsylvania Main Line would follow the relatively busy able to use this non-motorized trail Canal Greenway Shared-Use Path: Seven Points Road. in its entirety. The Lower Trail and 6 to 10 Trail 3. Lower Trail extension from could combine public-facing brands Hollidaysburg to 6 to 10 Trail: A LONG TERM EXPANSION to become a unified, exclusively further 5.2 mile Lower Trail non-motorized trail73 starting near 5. Lower Trail extensions: Future trails extension could connect to the the Pennsylvania Railroad Main Line could connect to potential users in bottom of the Allegheny Portage in Petersburg or Huntingdon and Huntingdon and Altoona and to the Railroad National Historic Site by meeting that same main line in Horseshoe Curve, Lakemont Park, paralleling existing railroad and road Cresson. This unified shared-use destinations around Raystown Lake, rights-of-way and by buying the path could be expanded to the Bell’s Gap Trail,70 and the proposed mostly-still-in-tact remainder of the Ghost Town Trail74 and Harrisburg Antis Township Trail.71 Trails could portage railroad right-of-way and eventually from Pittsburgh to begin as mainly on-road routes and paralleling Dry Run. Philadelphia. transition to non-motorized paths 4. Shared-use path connection when feasible. Shared-use path between 6 to 10 Trail and Incline alignments could follow Alexandria Trail: A short shared-use path along

70 Bell's Gap Trail: Rails to Trails of Central PA 71 Antis Township Trail Feasibility Study 72 Amtrak Tests Roll-On Bike Service: Rails to Trails Amtrak: GAP Trail 73 Even small on-road trail segments might limit potential visitors because of real and perceived safety and enjoyment impacts. Insight gained from Mark Ickes, Explore Altoona 74 Ghost Town Trail: Indiana County Parks and Trails

39 Bellwood

Proposed Antis Township Trail

via Juniata River

via Alexandria Pike Road Altoona Lower Trail Extension to Altoona, Bellwood, Lakemont Park, and/or Horseshoe Curve Existing 5 Lower Trail Completed Horseshoe Curve Canoe Creek Huntingdon Pennsylvania Main Line Canal Extension Lower Trail Greenway Shared-Use Path Pennsylvania Main Line Canal Extension to Huntingdon Extension to Harrisburg Greenway Shared-Use Path and/or Raystown Lake 6and Philadelphia Extension to the Ghost Lakemont Park 5 6 Town Trail and Pittsburgh Allegheny Portage National Historic Site Williamsburg Existing Incline Trail Mountain Biking Trail Lower Trail to Allegrippis 6 to 10 Trail Trail System Connection to Lower Trail Hollidaysburg Extension to 2 Incline Trail 4 1Hollidaysburg Existing Lower Trail 6 to 10 Trail Extension to 6 to 10 Trail Allegrippis 3 Trail System

40 Raystown Lake Bellwood

Proposed Antis Township Trail Proposed trail expansion projects around Williamsburg: more map details at jamesgraef.com/williamsburg

via Juniata River

Raystown Lake 41 PROJECT

IMPLEMENTATION Project Matrix

Supporting Priority Potential Category Project Timeline Cost Organization Level for Pilot Outreach Staﬀ or Trail Very and Info Survey trail users Near-term volunteer Organizations High Gathering costs Complete trail town assessments with local Local Very Near-term Minimal stakeholders Businesses High Create and expand programs which encourage Community Near-term Minimal High residents to take care of local trails Organizations Create Williamsburg Trail Town advisory commitee None Near-term Minimal High Decide, with the community, what makes Local Williamsburg special and brand the borough Near-term None High Residents accordingly Marquee Repaint then reconstruct the intersection of High St Very Projects and 1st St to increase safety and restore the PennDOT Medium-term High Yes High historical town center Create a Big Springs Park with entrance to Land and Yohn Limited Very Williamsburg, shared-use path and riparian buffers Medium-term construction Partnership High along creek, and signage costs With Consider rerouting trails along future Big Springs Trail completition Minimal Low Yes Park shared-use path Organizations of park Staﬀ and Create Williamsburg Tourism website with a focus Very Near-term hosting High on search engine optimization (SEO) costs

43 Supporting Priority Potential Category Project Timeline Cost Organization Level for Pilot Encourage Trail and Advertise business opportunities on Williamsburg's Private Partner Near-term Staﬀ costs High Tourism website and partner organization websites Development Organizations Advertise the potential of vacation rental sites to Community Near-term Low High local land owners Organizations Support the establishment of camping facilties just Private Mediu Medium-term Recoverable Yes outside Williamsburg Business m Encourage regional outdoors stores and outfitters Private Support Medium-term High Yes to serve Williamsburg Business costs Create programs to encourage interesting walls As Local Mediu along main streets with window displays and opportunities Medium Landowners m murals arise Encourage development of open lots and surface As Local Support parking lots to eliminate 'missing teeth' in the opportunities High Landowners costs street wall arise Reform zoning to allow appropriate dense, mixed- Very Near-term None use, walkable development High Reform zoning to remove parking minimums and Very Near-term None potentially implement parking maximums High Built With Connect potential campsites to Williamsburg with Construction Mediu Environment establishment a sidewalk along Clover Creek Road cost m of campsite Paint buffer spaces between on-street parking Mediu PennDOT Near-term Paint crews Yes spots m Mediu Make parking locations clear online and with signs Near-term Signage m

44 Supporting Priority Potential Category Project Timeline Cost Organization Level for Pilot Built Repaint streets with narrow lanes, pedestrian bulb- PennDOT Near-term Paint crews High Yes Environment outs, and high-visibilty crosswalks Reconstruct streets with narrow lanes and pedestrian bulb-outs, and bridge gaps in the PennDOT Medium-term High High Yes sidewalk network Mediu Place street furinture and street trees along High St Medium-term High Yes m

Mediu Expand and improve facilities at Riverside Park Medium-term High Yes m

Place bike racks in public streets and encourage Local Very Near-term Medium Yes private businesses to do the same Businesses High Local Place fix-it bike repair stations at key bike racks Near-term Medium High Yes Businesses Improve ADA-accessible soft-launces for non- Juniata River Mediu Medium-term Medium motorized boats on the Juniata River Trail m Consider short-term storage for kayaks and canoes Juniata River Mediu Long-term Medium Yes near the Juniata River Trail m Place horseback riding hitching areas and cross Trail Long-term Low Low Yes country ski racks, as necessary Organizations Design and build signs advertising on- and off-street Trail Medium-term Construction Mediu Yes parking, businesses, trails, and historical sites Organizations cost m Trail Rails to Trails Very Lower Trail extension to Hollidaysburg Near-term High Expansion of Central PA High Mid State Trail extension to Allegrippis Trail System Mediu Medium-term Medium on Raystown Lake m Lower Trail extension from Hollidaysburg to 6 to 10 Rails to Trails Medium-term High High Trail of Central PA

45 Supporting Priority Potential Category Project Timeline Cost Organization Level for Pilot Trail Shared-use path connection between 6 to 10 Trail Trail Medium-term High High Expansion and Incline Trail Organizations Lower Trail extensions to Huntingdon, Altoona, associated Amtrak stations, Raystown Lake, Trail Very Long-term High Lakemont Park, Horseshoe Curve, and trails near Organizations High Bellwood Pennsylvania Main Line Canal Greenway Shared- Use Path using existing Lower Trail, later expanded Trail Very Long-term High to Johnstown and Harrisburg and eventually Organizations High Pittsburgh and Philadelphia Partnerships Partner with organizations to repurpose parking lots Community Near-term Signage Low Yes for visitors when otherwise not needed Organizations Create permit programs if necessary to keep some Local Long-term Low Low Yes street parking for local residents Residents Partner with summer camps, college and university physical education classes, local bike, and cross Community Mediu country ski clubs, and Grier School horsebackriding Near-term Low Yes Organizations m programs to encourage use of Williamsburg's trails, and by extension Williamsburg's businesses Encourage local organizations to establish local Community Near-term Support Mediu Yes events like picnics and festivals to bring visitors Organizations costs m Create Williamsburg passport program and partner Local Staﬀ and with local organizations to become stamping Long-term material Low Yes Businesses locations costs

Partner with trail organizations to expand passport Trail Staﬀ and Long-term material Low program trail-wide Organizations costs

46 Supporting Priority Potential Category Project Timeline Cost Organization Level for Pilot Partnerships Provide information about Williamsburg history, existing businesses, and business opportunities, to Trail and partner organizations like trail associations and Partner Near-term Staﬀ costs High nearby visitors bureaus for use on their websites Organizations and promotional materials Add detail to Williamsburg and Lower Trail Google Near-term None High Maps and Apple Maps pins Work with Amtrak to implement roll-on/roll-off bike service on the Pennsylvanian route with future Lower Amtrak Long-term None High Yes Trail extensions Further Reading Two guides to improving trail towns may prove helpful as Williamsburg implements changes for its own improvement: Trail Town Guide produced by the Trail Town Program Trail Town Manual produced by the Allegheny Trail Alliance

47 MAY 2020