Geologic Map of the Oceanside 30' X 60' Quadrangle, California

Geologic Map of the Oceanside 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, California

Compiled by Michael P. Kennedy1 and Siang S. Tan1

Digital Preparation by Kelly R. Bovard2, Rachel M. Alvarez2, Michael J. Watson2, and Carlos I. Gutierrez1

2007

Prepared in cooperation with:

Copyright © 2007 by the California Department of Conservation California Geological Survey. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written consent of the California Geological Survey. The Department of Conservation makes no warranties as to the suitability of this product for any given purpose.

ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER, Governor MIKE CHRISMAN, Secretary BRIDGETT LUTHER, Director JOHN G. PARRISH, Ph.D., State Geologist STATE OF CALIFORNIA THE RESOURCES AGENCY DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION CALIFORNIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

______

1Department of Conservation, California Geological Survey 2U.S. Geological Survey, Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside

CALIFORNIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY JOHN G. PARRISH, Ph.D. STATE GEOLOGIST

The Department of Conservation makes no warranties as to the suitability of this product for any particular purpose. Introduction southwestern corner of the quadrangle In 1990 the U.S. Geological Survey, (source of the 1986, ML=5.3, Oceanside as part of the National Geologic Mapping earthquake) (Fig. 1). Seismic hazards are Program, initiated the Southern California numerous throughout the area. In addition, Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP) (http:// rapid uplift of relatively weak sedimentary scamp.wr.usgs.gov) in cooperation with the rocks has lead to an abundance of California Geological Survey (then Division landslides in the western and offshore parts of Mines and Geology) Regional Geologic of the quadrangle. A tsunami hazard zone Mapping Project (http://www.conservation. also exists along the coastal margin. ca.gov/cgs/rghm/rgm/index.htm). SCAMP’s The Peninsular Ranges of southern objectives were two-fold: to provide a basic California form a northwest-trending understanding of the geologic framework geomorphic province that occupies the and geologic history of southern California; southwestern corner of California and and to develop a uniform digital geologic extends southeastward to form the Baja map database that could be used in a California peninsula. Its physiography is Geographic Information System (GIS) and characterized principally by steep mountain be the foundation for geologic hazard highlands with elevations exceeding 3,500 investigations, natural resource evaluations, meters and dramatic intermontane basins, and other related earth science studies. valleys, and rivers. The highlands are These types of digital data can provide an flanked on the west by a relatively narrow, important component for performing GIS westward sloping coastal margin that analyses throughout southern California. includes the San Diego embayment. On This map was prepared by the the east the highlands are bounded from Department of Conservation, California the adjoining Colorado Desert and the Gulf Geological Survey and is a product of of California by precipitous fault scarps, SCAMP. This project was supported in part 2,000 to more than 3,000 meters high. by the U.S. Geological Survey STATEMAP The Peninsular Ranges province is award no. 01HQAG0092. comprised of rocks that range in age from Quaternary to Paleozoic. Most of the rocks Geologic Summary are Jurassic and Cretaceous igneous rocks The Oceanside 1:100,000-scale of the Peninsular Ranges batholith and the quadrangle lies within the Peninsular Triassic and Jurassic metasedimentary Ranges Geomorphic Province of southern sequence they intrude. Along the western California, between 33° and 33°30' N. margin of the province are large undivided latitude and 117° and 118° W. longitude, in bodies of Jurassic and Cretaceous pre- a rapidly urbanizing part of southern batholithic and synbatholithic volcanic, California (Fig. 1). The area is tectonically metavolcanic, and metasedimentary rocks. and seismically active and includes parts of In addition, thick sequences of Upper four major, northwest-striking, right-lateral, Cretaceous and Tertiary units composed of strike-slip, Pacific/North American Plate post-batholithic sedimentary and volcanic boundary fault zones. They include the rocks flank the older rocks on the west. Elsinore Fault Zone in the northeastern The youngest deposits are Quaternary corner of the quadrangle, the Newport- marine, lagoonal, and fluviatile sediments Inglewood Fault Zone in the center of the that discontinuously crop out over the entire quadrangle (source of the 1933, M=6.3, province. A dramatic series of marine, Long Beach earthquake), the Coronado wave-cut terraces and their overlying Bank Fault in the near offshore region and paralic sediments occur along the western the San Diego Trough Fault Zone in the coastal margin of the province. These

Figure 1. Index map showing the location of the Oceanside 30’ x 60’ quadrangle, major cities and faults, as well as the geomorphic provinces of southwestern California. Modified from Jennings and Saucedo, 2002.

terraces, coupled with available 18O data, and others, 2003). In southern California, provide clear evidence of regional uplift numerous studies (summarized in detail by during the past million years (Plate 2). Morton and Miller, 2006), using geo- The composite Peninsular Ranges chemical and geophysical techniques, have batholith of southern California and Baja been conducted to determine rock ages, California was emplaced across the properties and structural relationships. lithospheric boundary between the North Most workers divide the batholith into two American and Pacific plates during the major longitudinal parts. The older western Jurassic and Cretaceous periods (Todd, part is of Early and mid-Cretaceous age

2 and composed of tonalite, gabbro and succession of marine and nonmarine lagoonal, granodiorite plutons. The younger eastern paralic and terrestrial sedimentary rocks. part is mid- to Late Cretaceous and Quaternary marine and nonmarine beach, bar, composed of less mafic granitic rocks with dune, fluviatile and alluvial fan deposits little or no gabbro. The eastern part also discontinuously cover the older sedimentary contains Jurassic metagranitic plutons that succession along the western margin of the are now considered part of the Peninsular subaerial part of the province. Holocene Ranges batholith (Shaw, and others, 2003). alluvium and colluvium, derived from fractured The Oceanside 1:100,000-scale quadrangle and deeply weathered bedrock associated lies almost entirely within the western part with K/T boundary subaerial extremes, mantle of the batholith. Jurassic metagranitic rocks much of the interior highlands and particularly in the Pala and Valley Center 7.5-minute the steep slopes adjacent to and southwest of quadrangles crop out near the boundary the Elsinore Fault Zone. between the eastern and western parts of the batholith. In the northwest part of the Compilation quadrangle, Jurassic and Triassic meta- The onshore part of the Geologic Map sedimentary rocks occur as northwest- of the Oceanside 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, trending screens that have been intruded California was digitized at a scale of 1:24,000 and assimilated by Jurassic and while the offshore part has been enlarged from Cretaceous plutons. Most of these pre- the 1:250,000-scale Continental Margin Map batholithic rocks are quartzofeldspathic (Clarke and others, 1987). New geologic schist, pelitic schist, quartzite, injection mapping for the onshore area was completed gneiss and breccia. These rocks have in each of the eighteen 7.5-minute quad- been informally correlated with the Julian rangles. Geologic maps of the Oceanside, Schist (e.g. Irwin and Greene, 1970). San Luis Rey, San Marcos, Encinitas, and The undivided prebatholithic and Rancho Santa Fe quadrangles were published synbatholithic Jurassic and Cretaceous by the California Geological Survey (Division rocks include volcanic and metavolcanic of Mines and Geology) as Open-File Report rocks (Santiago Peak Volcanics) of Larsen 96-02 (Tan and Kennedy, 1996). The (1948), metasedimentary rocks (Bedford remaining thirteen 7.5-minute quadrangles Canyon Formation) of Larsen (1948) and were completed during the period July 1998 to volcanic, metavolcanic, sedimentary and June 2001 under STATEMAP funding awards metasedimentary rocks (Black Mountain no. 98HQAG2049, 99HQAG0134, and Volcanics) of Hanna (1926). Part of what 00HQAG0120. The geologic maps produced earlier workers mapped as Santiago Peak from these awards along with the previously Vocanics (e.g. Larsen, 1948) is a Creta- published maps were digitized with minor ceous subaerial island-arc volcanic modifications to produce this seamless digital sequence consisting of basaltic andesite, map. andesite, dacite, rhyolite, volcaniclastic The original digital work for the breccia, welded tuff and epiclastic rocks individual quadrangles, as well as the merged (Herzig, 1991). They are the extrusive and database file, was completed using ArcInfo® shallow intrusive parts of the batholith 8.3, a commercial GIS software package by (Herzig and Kimbrough, 1991; Anderson, Environmental Systems Research Institute 1991). (ESRI). For publication purposes the merged The Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary coverage was converted into the ESRI sedimentary rocks that flank the western geodatabase format. The merged geology, margin of the Peninsular Ranges province structure, and annotation files along with base consist of a relatively thick (>1000 m) layers and shaded-relief images were

3 combined using the ArcMap application The DLG data is available from the USGS within ArcInfo® 9.1 (ESRI). Geographic Data Download website at An effort was made to apply the http://edc2.usgs.gov/geodata/index.php. currently accepted standards for unit Place names were vectorized from scanned designations and colors to the geologic 30’ x 60’ USGS topographic map separates. map (http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/fgdc_gds/). On Carlos Gutierrez (CGS) generated the the geologic map Quaternary sedimentary onshore shaded-relief image from 30-meter rocks are shown in shades of yellow and resolution elevation data obtained from the gold, Tertiary sedimentary rocks are National Elevation Dataset (NED) at depicted in shades of brown and reddish- http://ned.usgs.gov/. The offshore shaded- brown, while Cretaceous sedimentary rocks relief bathymetry was prepared by Peter and Jurassic metasedimentary rocks are Dartnell (USGS) from multibeam data shown in shades of green. Volcanic rocks available at http://map.ngdc.noaa.gov/website/ are depicted in shades of orange while mgg/multibeam/viewer.htm and single-beam plutonic rocks are shown in shades of pink data available at http://map.ngdc.noaa.gov/ or purple, with purple designating more website/mgg/nos_hydro/viewer.htm. mafic units. Acknowledgements Base Material This compilation was the result of a The base for the Oceanside 30’ x 60’ collaborative effort between the California quadrangle consists of shaded-relief and Geological Survey and the U.S. Geological topographic digital data. The onshore Survey. The authors wish to thank J.P. Kern, portion of the base consists of hydrography, D.M. Morton, G.J. Saucedo, and V.R. Todd for hypsography, and transportation files that their valuable reviews. We would also like to were converted from 1:100,000 Digital Line thank Carlos Gutierrez for his assistance in Graph (DLG) data into ArcInfo® coverages. the preparation of this map for publication.

4 DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS deposits at distal ends of channels. Approximate stratigraphic relationships; see Plate 2 for detailed correlation. Qls Landslide deposits, undivided (Holo- cene and Pleistocene) – Highly MODERN SURFICIAL DEPOSITS fragmented to largely coherent land- Sediment that recently has been slide deposits. Unconsolidated to transported and deposited in chan- moderately well consolidated. Most nels and washes, on surfaces of mapped landslides contain scarp alluvial fans and alluvial plains, and area as well as slide deposit. In some on hill slopes and in artificial fills. areas the scarp is shown separately. Soil-profile development is non- Most of the landslides in the existent. Includes: quadrangle have occurred within the Capistrano Formation; however, af Artificial fill (late Holocene) – there are many within the Monterey Deposits of fill resulting from and Santiago formations as well. human construction, mining, or quarrying activities; includes Qmb Marine beach deposits (late Holo- compacted engineered and non- cene) – Unconsolidated beach compacted non-engineered fill. deposits consisting mostly of fine- Some large deposits are mapped, and medium-grained sand. but in some areas no deposits are shown. Qpe Paralic estuarine deposits (late Holo- cene) – Unconsolidated estuarine Qw Wash deposits (late Holocene) – deposits. Composed mostly of fine- Unconsolidated bouldery to sandy grained sand and clay. alluvium of active and recently active washes. Qmo Undivided marine deposits in offshore region (late Holocene) – Qf Alluvial fan deposits (late Unconsolidated, often ponded marine Holocene) – Active and recently sediments. Composed mostly of very active alluvial fans. Consists of fine to medium-grained sand and silt. unconsolidated, bouldery, cobbly, gravelly, sandy, or silty alluvial fan Qfo Marine fan deposits (late Holocene) – deposits, and headward channel Unconsolidated submarine fan parts of alluvial fans. Trunk deposits. Composed primarily of drainages and proximal parts of coarse- to fine-grained sand. fans contain greater percentage of coarse-grained sediment than YOUNG SURFICIAL DEPOSITS distal parts. Sedimentary units that are slightly consolidated to cemented and slightly Qa Alluvial flood-plain deposits (late to moderately dissected. Alluvial fan Holocene) – Active and recently deposits typically have high coarse-fine active flood-plain deposits. Con- clast ratios. Young surficial units have sists of unconsolidated sandy, upper surfaces that are capped by silty, or clay-bearing alluvium. slight to moderately developed pedo- Does not include alluvial fan genic soil profiles. Includes:

5 Qyf Young alluvial fan deposits Qof1 Old alluvial fan deposits, Unit 1 (late (Holocene and late Pleistocene) to middle Pleistocene) – Reddish- – Poorly consolidated and poorly brown, gravel and sand alluvial fan sorted sand, gravel, cobble and deposits that are usually indurated boulder alluvial fan deposits. and slightly dissected.

Qya Young alluvial flood-plain depos- Qoa Old alluvial flood-plain deposits, units (Holocene and late Pleisto- divided (late to middle Pleisto- cene) – Poorly consolidated, cene) – Fluvial sediments deposited poorly sorted, permeable flood- on canyon floors. Consists of plain deposits of sandy, silty or moderately well consolidated, poorly clay-bearing alluvium. sorted, permeable, commonly slightly dissected gravel, sand, silt, and clay- Qyc Young colluvial deposits (Holo- bearing alluvium. Where more than cene and late Pleistocene) – one number is shown (e.g., Qoa2-6) Poorly consolidated and poorly those deposits are undivided. sorted sand and silt slope wash Includes: deposits. Qoa7 Old alluvial flood-plain deposits, Unit Qyv Young alluvial valley deposits 7 (late to middle Pleistocene) – (Holocene and late Pleistocene) Well-consolidated, poorly sorted, per- – Fluvial deposits along valley meable gravel, sand, silt and clay- floors. Consists of unconsolidated bearing alluvium. sand, silt and clay-bearing alluvium. Qoa6 Old alluvial flood-plain deposits, Unit 6 (late to middle Pleistocene) – OLD SURFICIAL DEPOSITS Well-consolidated, poorly sorted, per- Sediments that are moderately con- meable gravel, sand, silt and clay- solidated and slightly to moderately bearing alluvium. dissected. Older surficial deposits have upper surfaces that are capped Qoa5 Old alluvial flood-plain deposits, Unit by moderate to well-developed 5 (late to middle Pleistocene) – pedogenic soils. Includes: Well-consolidated, poorly sorted, permeable gravel, sand, silt and clay- Qof Old alluvial fan deposits, bearing alluvium. undivided (late to middle Pleistocene) – Reddish-brown, Qoa2-6 Old alluvial flood-plain deposits, gravel and sand alluvial fan Units 2-6 (late to middle Pleisto- deposits that are usually indurated cene) – Well-consolidated, poorly and slightly dissected. Includes: sorted, permeable gravel, sand, silt and clay-bearing alluvium. Qof2 Old alluvial fan deposits, Unit 2 (late to middle Pleistocene) – Qoa1-2 Old alluvial flood-plain deposits, Reddish-brown, gravel and sand Units 1-2 (late to middle Pleisto- alluvial fan deposits that are cene) – Well-consolidated, poorly usually indurated and slightly sorted, permeable gravel, sand, silt dissected. and clay-bearing alluvium.

6 Qoc Old colluvial deposits (late to siltstone, sandstone and con- middle Pleistocene) – Moderately glomerate. These deposits rest on well consolidated, poorly sorted the 34-37 m Stuart Mesa terrace slope wash. (Plate 2).

Qop Old paralic deposits, undivided Qop3 Old paralic deposits, Unit 3 (late to (late to middle Pleistocene) – middle Pleistocene) – Poorly sorted, Poorly sorted, moderately moderately permeable, reddish- permeable, reddish-brown, inter- brown, interfingered strandline, fingered strandline, beach, beach, estuarine and colluvial estuarine and colluvial deposits deposits composed of siltstone, composed of siltstone, sandstone sandstone and conglomerate. These and conglomerate. These deposits deposits rest on the 45-46 m Guy rest on the now emergent wave Fleming terrace (Plate 2). cut abrasion platforms preserved by regional uplift (Plate 2). Where Qop1 Old paralic deposits, Unit 1 (late to more than one number is shown middle Pleistocene) – Poorly sorted, (e.g., Qop2-6) those deposits are moderately permeable, reddish- undivided. Includes: brown, interfingered strandline, beach, estuarine and colluvial Qop7 Old paralic deposits, Unit 7 (late to deposits composed of siltstone, middle Pleistocene) – Poorly sandstone and conglomerate. These sorted, moderately permeable, deposits rest on the 61-63 m Golf reddish-brown, interfingered Course terrace (Plate 2). strandline, beach, estuarine and colluvial deposits composed of VERY OLD SURFICIAL UNITS siltstone, sandstone and con- Sediments that are slightly to well-conglomerate. These deposits rest on solidated to indurated, and moderately the 9-11 m Bird Rock terrace to well-dissected. Upper surfaces are (Plate 2). capped by moderate to well-developed pedogenic soils. Includes: Qop6 Old paralic deposits, Unit 6 (late to middle Pleistocene) – Poorly Qvof Very old alluvial fan deposits (middle sorted, moderately permeable, to early Pleistocene) – Well- reddish-brown, interfingered dissected, well-indurated, reddish- strandline, beach, estuarine and brown sand and gravel alluvial fan colluvial deposits composed of deposits. siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate. These deposits rest on Qvoa Very old alluvial flood-plain deposits, the 22-23 m Nestor terrace (Plate undivided (middle to early 2). Pleistocene) – Fluvial sediments deposited on canyon floors. Consists Qop4 Old paralic deposits, Unit 4 (late to of moderately to well-indurated, middle Pleistocene) – Poorly reddish-brown, mostly very dissected sorted, moderately permeable, gravel, sand, silt, and clay-bearing reddish-brown, interfingered alluvium. Includes: strandline, beach, estuarine and colluvial deposits composed of

7 Qvoa13Very old alluvial flood-plain de- and conglomerate. These deposits posits, Unit 13 (middle to early rest on the 67-69 m San Elijo terrace Pleistocene) – Moderately to well- (Plate 2). indurated, dissected gravel, sand, silt and clay-bearing alluvium. Qvop12Very old paralic deposits, Unit 12 (middle to early Pleistocene) – Qvoa12Very old alluvial flood-plain de- Poorly sorted, moderately permeable, posits, Unit 12 (middle to early reddish-brown, interfingered strand- Pleistocene) – Moderately to well- line, beach, estuarine and colluvial indurated, dissected gravel, sand, deposits composed of siltstone, silt and clay-bearing alluvium. sandstone and conglomerate. These deposits rest on the 83-85 m Fire Qvoa11Very old alluvial flood-plain de- Mountain terrace (Plate 2). posits, Unit 11 (middle to early Pleistocene) – Moderately to well- Qvop11Very old paralic deposits, Unit 11 indurated, dissected gravel, sand, (middle to early Pleistocene) – silt and clay-bearing alluvium. Poorly sorted, moderately permeable, reddish-brown, interfingered strand- Qvoc Very old colluvial deposits, line, beach, estuarine and colluvial undivided (middle to early deposits composed of siltstone, Pleistocene) – Well-indurated, sandstone and conglomerate. These poorly sorted, hill slope deposits deposits rest on the 92-94 m consisting mostly of clay, silt and Clairemont terrace (Plate 2). sand. Qvop10Very old paralic deposits, Unit 10 Qvop Very old paralic deposits, (middle to early Pleistocene) – undivided (middle to early Poorly sorted, moderately permeable, Pleistocene) – Poorly sorted, reddish-brown, interfingered strand- moderately permeable, reddish- line, beach, estuarine and colluvial brown, interfingered strandline, deposits composed of siltstone, beach, estuarine and colluvial sandstone and conglomerate. These deposits composed of siltstone, deposits rest on the 104-106 m sandstone and conglomerate. Tecolote terrace (Plate 2). These deposits rest on the now emergent wave cut abrasion Qvop9 Very old paralic deposits, Unit 9 platforms preserved by regional (middle to early Pleistocene) – uplift (Plate 2). Where more than Poorly sorted, moderately permeable, one number is shown (e.g., reddish-brown, interfingered strand- Qvop2-3) those deposits are un- line, beach, estuarine and colluvial divided. Includes: deposits composed of siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate. These Qvop13Very old paralic deposits, Unit 13 deposits rest on the 113-115 m Linda (middle to early Pleistocene) – Vista terrace (Plate 2). Poorly sorted, moderately permeable, reddish-brown, inter- Qvop8 Very old paralic deposits, Unit 8 fingered strandline, beach, (middle to early Pleistocene) – estuarine and colluvial deposits Poorly sorted, moderately permeable, composed of siltstone, sandstone reddish-brown, interfingered strand-

8 line, beach, estuarine and colluvial rest on the 181-185 m Aliso Canyon deposits composed of siltstone, terrace (Plate 2). sandstone and conglomerate. These deposits rest on the 123- Qvop2 Very old paralic deposits, Unit 2 125 m Tierra Santa terrace (Plate (middle to early Pleistocene) – 2). Poorly sorted, moderately permeable, reddish-brown, interfingered strand- Qvop7 Very old paralic deposits, Unit 7 line, beach, estuarine and colluvial (middle to early Pleistocene) – deposits composed of siltstone, Poorly sorted, moderately sandstone and conglomerate. These permeable, reddish-brown, inter- deposits rest on the 190-194 m fingered strandline, beach, Flores Hill terrace (Plate 2). estuarine and colluvial deposits composed of siltstone, sandstone Qvop1 Very old paralic deposits, Unit 1 and conglomerate. These deposits (middle to early Pleistocene) – rest on the 129-131 m Mira Mesa Poorly sorted, moderately permeable, terrace (Plate 2). reddish-brown, interfingered strandline, beach, estuarine and colluvial Qvop5 Very old paralic deposits, Unit 5 deposits composed of siltstone, (middle to early Pleistocene) – sandstone and conglomerate. These Poorly sorted, moderately deposits rest on the 201-205 m Eagle permeable, reddish-brown, inter- terrace (Plate 2). fingered strandline, beach, estuarine and colluvial deposits SEDIMENTARY AND VOLCANIC composed of siltstone, sandstone BEDROCK UNITS and conglomerate. These deposits rest on the 153-157 m Rifle Range Qps Pauba Formation (early Pleistocene) terrace (Plate 2). Qpf – Siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate. Includes two informal Qvop4 Very old paralic deposits, Unit 4 facies (Kennedy, 1977): Qps (sand- (middle to early Pleistocene) – stone facies) - Light-brown, mod- Poorly sorted, moderately erately well indurated, extensively permeable, reddish-brown, inter- cross-bedded, channeled and filled fingered strandline, beach, sandstone and siltstone with minor estuarine and colluvial deposits cobble to boulder conglomerate composed of siltstone, sandstone interbeds; Qpf (fanglomerate facies) and conglomerate. These deposits – well-indurated, poorly sorted rest on the 170-174 m Aqueduct sedimentary breccia and mudstone. terrace (Plate 2). Named by Mann (1955) for exposures at Rancho Pauba about 5 Qvop3 Very old paralic deposits, Unit 3 km southeast of Temecula. Verte- (middle to early Pleistocene) – brate fauna from the Pauba Poorly sorted, moderately Formation are of late Irvingtonian and permeable, reddish-brown, inter- early Rancholabrean ages (Reynolds fingered strandline, beach, and Reynolds, 1990a; 1990b). estuarine and colluvial deposits composed of siltstone, sandstone Qd Dripping Springs Formation (early and conglomerate. These deposits Pleistocene) – Pebble, cobble and

9 boulder fanglomerate in a reddish- mations. Named by Vedder (1957). brown, poorly consolidated, poorly Marine mollusks suggest deposition sorted, sandstone matrix. Named in sublittoral-depth water (Vedder, by Mann (1955) for exposures of 1960). fanglomerate that crop out im- mediately east of the area in road Tpo Undivided sedimentary rocks in cuts along State Highway 71 near offshore region (Pliocene) – Sand- Dripping Springs. stone, siltstone and conglomerate.

QTso Undivided sediments and Tcs Capistrano Formation (early Plio- sedimentary rocks in offshore Tct cene and late Miocene) – Marine region (Holocene, Pleistocene, sandstone and siltstone. Includes two Pliocene and Miocene) – facies: Tcs (siltstone facies) - white Unconsolidated and poorly con- to pale-gray, massive to crudely solidated Pleistocene sand, silt bedded, friable, marine siltstone, and clay deposits that mantle the mudstone and diatomaceous shale: modern seafloor. Includes un- Tct (turbidite facies) - marine channel mapped sandstone, siltstone, con- deposits composed of coarse- glomerate and breccia. grained, poorly bedded, weakly cemented sandstone and con- Tta Temecula Arkose (late Pliocene) – glomeratic sandstone. Named by Pale greenish-yellow, well- Woodford (1925). indurated, medium and coarse- grained sandstone with thin inter- Tsm San Mateo Formation (early Pliocene stratified beds of fine-grained, and late Miocene) – Yellowish-gray, tuffaceous sandstone, siltstone nearshore marine and paralic and claystone. Pebble and cobble siltstone, sandstone and con- conglomerate interbeds composed glomerate. Named by Woodford of locally derived basement rock (1925) for exposures along San clasts are also common and range Mateo Creek in the northwest corner in thickness from a few of the quadrangle. Considered to be centimeters to a meter or more. in part a channel facies within the Named by Mann (1955) for ex- lower part of the Capistrano posures of nonmarine fluvial Formation (Vedder, 1972). sandstone exposed southeast of Temecula. The Temecula Arkose Tvsr Santa Rosa basalt of Mann (1955) has been assigned an Irvingtonian (late Miocene) – Olivine basalt flow I age (Woodburne, 1987) which remnants having relatively un- makes it approximately 1.9 Ma. modified flow surfaces. Originally described by Fairbanks (1893) and Tn Niguel Formation (late Pliocene) – informally named by Mann (1955) for Light-gray, friable, micaceous fine- basalt flows west of Temecula. grained, mostly marine sandstone Hawkins (1970) provides detailed interbedded with gray, sandy silt- petrologic description of basalt. The stone. Breccia and conglomerate flows were extruded on deeply locally present at or near the base. weathered surfaces of low relief Unconformably overlies both the similar to Paleocene-age surfaces Capistrano and Monterey for- found elsewhere in southern

10 California. To the north of the area conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, near Elsinore Peak, correlative and mudstone; Tsoss (sandstone) - flows were extruded on sedi- greenish-gray and brown lithic mentary rocks closely resembling sandstone. The clasts of the breccia Paleogene age rocks in the Santa are large and angular and were Ana Mountains. Morton and derived from basement rock sources Morton (1979) report whole-rock offshore to the west. They are conventional K-Ar ages for the characterized by blueschist and Santa Rosa basalt of 6.7 and 7.4 related rocks derived from Catalina Ma. A slightly older age of 8.7 Ma Schist (Woodford, 1924). Unit is up to was obtained by Hawkins (1970). 900 m thick. Named by Ellis and Lee (1919) for exposures in the San Tda Dacite stock (Miocene) – Small Onofre Hills. Detailed descriptions of bodies of igneous rock of dacitic to petrology and paleontology are given basaltic composition. by Woodford (1925), who described unit as "San Onofre facies of the Tv Volcanic rocks, undivided Temblor Formation" based on (Miocene) – Dark-gray and black, occurrence of Turritella ocoyana fine-grained volcanic flows of fauna in sandstone underlying dacitic composition. breccia.

Tvt Basalt of Temecula area (Miocene) Tto Topanga Formation (middle Mio- – Olivine basalt. Includes scat- cene) – Pale-gray, massive, tuf- tered exposures of basalt east of faceous sandstone and thin-bedded Temecula (Mann, 1955; Kennedy, siltstone. Named by Kew (1923) for 1977; Hull, 1990). sandstone exposures in the Santa Monica Mountains of southern Tm Monterey Formation (middle and California. late Miocene) – Interbedded white to pale-brown, thinly laminated Tmo Undivided sedimentary rocks in siltstone and tan, fine- to medium- offshore region (Miocene) – grained feldspathic sandstone. Consists primarily of well- Contains abundant foraminifera consolidated, bedded sandstone and and fish remains. Siliceous and siltstone. diatomaceous marine siltstone and sandstone correlated with Tmvo Undivided volcanic rocks in offshore Monterey Formation of central region (Miocene) – Consists California (Blake, 1856; Kew, primarily of dark-gray and black 1923; Bramlette, 1946). basaltic rock.

Tso San Onofre Breccia (middle Mio- Tmuo Undivided volcanic and sedimentary Tsoss cene) – Marine sedimentary rocks in offshore region (Miocene) breccia, conglomerate, and lithic – Includes Tmo – well-consolidated, sandstone. Includes two parts: bedded sandstone and siltstone: or Tso (breccia) - green, greenish- Tmvo – dark-gray and black basaltic gray, gray, brown, and white, rock. massive- to well-bedded, well- indurated breccia with interbedded

11 Tsv Sespe and Vaqueros Formations, up to 85% slightly metamorphosed undivided (early Miocene, rhyolitic to dacitic volcanic and Oligocene and late Eocene) – volcaniclastic rocks and up to 20% Marine interbedded siltstone, quartzite. It yields early Uintan mudstone and sandstone of the mammals (Walsh and others, 1996) Vaqueros Formation interlayered and Tejon stage mollusks (Givens with nonmarine coarse-grained and Kennedy, 1979). Named for sandstone, clayey and silty sand- exposures in Mission Valley, San stone and conglomeratic sand- Diego (Kennedy and Moore, 1971). stone of the Sespe Formation. Tf Friars Formation (middle Eocene) – Trm Sandstone of Redonda Mesa Yellowish-gray, medium-grained, (Paleogene) – Basalt capping massive, poorly indurated nonmarine Redonda Mesa is underlain by a and lagoonal sandstone and clay- sequence of poorly consolidated to stone with tongues of cobble con- well-indurated, white to pale-gray, glomerate. It contains early Uintan fine- to coarse-grained, locally mammals (Walsh and others, 1996) pebbly sandstone. Some sand- and was named for exposures along stone lacks basalt cover. the north side of Mission Valley near Friars Road (Kennedy and Moore, Tmv Mission Valley Formation (middle 1971). Eocene) – Predominantly light- olive-gray, soft and friable, fine- to Tt Torrey Sandstone (middle Eocene) – medium-grained marine and non- White to light-brown, medium- to marine sandstone containing coarse-grained, moderately well in- cobble conglomerate tongues. durated, massive and broadly cross- Contains a diverse late Uintan bedded, arkosic sandstone. This unit mammal fauna (Walsh and others, is the Torrey Sand Member of Hanna 1996) and a robust molluscan (1926) and was named for exposures fauna assigned to the Tejon stage at Torrey Pines State Park. It is now (Givens and Kennedy, 1979). A considered a formation of the La Jolla bentonite bed within the upper part Group (Kennedy and Moore, 1971). of the Mission Valley Formation yielded a single crystal 40Ar/39Ar Td Delmar Formation (middle Eocene) – date of 42.83 ± 0.24 Ma (reported Dusky yellowish-green, sandy clay- in Walsh and others, 1996). The stone interbedded with medium-gray, Mission Valley Formation has a coarse-grained sandstone. This unit maximum thickness of 60 m and is the Delmar Sand Member of was named for exposures along Hanna (1926) and was named for the south wall of Mission Valley on exposures in the sea cliffs at Del Mar. the west side of State Highway It is now considered a formation of 163 (Kennedy and Moore, 1971). the La Jolla Group (Kennedy and Moore, 1971). Tst Stadium Conglomerate (middle Eocene) – Massive cobble con- Tsa Santiago Formation (middle Eocene) glomerate with a dark-yellowish- – There are three distinctive parts. A brown, coarse-grained sandstone basal member consisting of buff and matrix. The conglomerate contains brownish-gray, massive, coarse-

12 grained, poorly sorted arkosic (1945) for Paleocene deposits of sandstone and conglomerate northwestern Santa Ana Mountains. (sandstone generally predomi- nating). In some areas the basal Kp Point Loma Formation (Upper Creta- member is overlain by a central ceous) – Interbedded, fine-grained, member that consists of gray and dusky-yellow sandstone and olive- brownish-gray (salt and pepper) gray siltstone. Contains calcareous soft, medium-grained, moderately nannoplankton of Upper Cretaceous well sorted arkosic sandstone. The (Campanian and Maestrichtian) age. upper member consists of gray, Named for exposures in the sea cliffs coarse-grained arkosic sandstone along the west side of the Point Loma and grit. Vertically and laterally Peninsula and assigned to the throughout the formation there intermediate part of the Rosario exists greenish-brown, massive Group (Kennedy and Moore, 1971). claystone interbeds, tongues and The Point Loma Formation is lenses of often fossiliferous, correlative in part to the Williams lagoonal claystone and siltstone. Formation in the Santa Ana The lower part of the Santiago Mountains (Popenoe and others, Formation interfingers with the 1960; Bukry and Kennedy, 1969). Delmar Formation and Torrey Sandstone in the Encinitas quad- Kwp Williams Formation (Upper Creta- rangle. Named by Woodring and Kwsr ceous) – Sandstone and conglom- Popenoe (1945) for Eocene eratic sandstone. Named by deposits of northwestern Santa Popenoe (1937, 1942) for exposures Ana Mountains. near the mouth of Williams Canyon in the northern Santa Ana Mountains. Teo Undivided Eocene rocks in the He divided the unit into the Pleasants offshore area (Eocene) – Well- Sandstone Member (Kwp) and the indurated, massive arkosic sand- Schulz Ranch Member. Woodring stone. Also includes interbeds of and Popenoe (1945) renamed the claystone, siltstone and con- Schulz Ranch Member the Schulz glomerate. Ranch Sandstone Member (Kwsr). Kwp - consists mostly of marine Tsi Silverado Formation (Paleocene) – sandstone. The upper part is a poorly Consists of a lower, nonmarine, bedded, white to pale-gray, feld- coarse-grained sandstone with spathic sandstone, which generally is interbedded siltstone and basal coarser grained than sandstone in conglomerate and two prominent lower part. The lower part is clay interbeds including the sandstone and thin-bedded, biotite- brownish pisolitic Claymont clay and muscovite-bearing sandstone. bed and whitish Serrano clay bed. Massive sandstone contains biotite Also contains minor carbonaceous and black carbonaceous fragments shale and lignite. The upper part of and scattered conglomerate lenses. the formation is composed of Fossiliferous concretions are interbedded, medium- to fine- common. Kwsr - Schulz Ranch grained marine sandstone, silt- Sandstone Member consists mostly stone, shale and conglomerate. of marine sandstone and con- Named by Woodring and Popenoe glomerate. The sandstone is coarse

13 grained, white to brownish gray, UNNAMED CRETACEOUS ROCKS and massive. It is locally cross- OF THE PENINSULAR RANGES bedded. Contains scattered BATHOLITH matrix-supported pebbles and (See Figure 2 for classification cobbles and sparse siltstone inter- diagram) beds. Erosionally resistant; forms prominent cliffs. The Williams Kgp Granite pegmatite dike (mid-Creta- Formation is correlative in part to ceous) – Tabular, pegmatitic- the Point Loma Formation textured granitic dikes. Most dikes (Popenoe and others, 1960; Bukry range in thickness from a few and Kennedy, 1969). centimeters to over a meter. Larger dikes are typically zoned composi- Kl Lusardi Formation (Upper Creta- tionally and texturally. ceous) – Reddish-brown, cobble and boulder conglomerate with Kg Granite, undivided (mid-Cretaceous) occasional thin lenses of medium- – Massive, coarse- to medium- grained sandstone. Named by grained biotite granite. Nordstrom (1970) for exposures in Lusardi Creek in the Rancho Kmg Monzogranite, undivided (mid-Creta- Santa Fe quadrangle and later ceous) – Coarse-grained biotite- assigned to the basal part of the hornblende monzogranite. Rosario Group by Kennedy and Moore (1971). At one location, Kgd Granodiorite, undivided (mid-Creta- near Olivenhain, the Lusardi ceous) – Medium- to coarse-grained Formation contains a tongue of hornblende-biotite granodiorite. Point Loma Formation (Zlotnik, 1981). The Lusardi Formation is Kgdfg Granodiorite, undivided (mid-Creta- correlated to the Trabuco ceous) – Fine-grained, massive, Formation in the Santa Ana dark-gray and black granodiorite. Mountains (Nordstrom, 1970). Kt Tonalite, undivided (mid-Cretaceous) Ktr Trabuco Formation (Upper Creta- – Massive, coarse-grained, light-gray ceous) – Reddish-brown, mas- hornblende-biotite tonalite. sive, nonmarine conglomerate with local sandstone and siltstone Kqbd Quartz-bearing diorite, undivided beds. Named by Packard (1916) (mid-Cretaceous) – Massive, for exposures near Trabuco medium-grained, dark-gray biotite- Canyon in northern Santa Ana hornblende quartz-bearing diorite. Mountains. Correlated to the Lusardi Formation by Nordstrom Kd Diorite, undivided (mid-Cretaceous) (1970). – Massive, medium- to coarse- grained, dark-gray hornblende diorite.

Figure 2. Classification of plutonic rock types (from IUGS, 1973, and Streckeisen, 1973). A, alkali feldspar: P, plagioclase feldspar; Q, quartz.

Kgb Gabbro, undivided (mid-Creta- porphyritic, leucocratic biotite granite. ceous) – Massive, coarse- grained, dark-gray and black Kbp Granite of Bottle Peak (mid-Creta- biotite-hornblende-hypersthene ceous) – Coarse-grained, leucocratic gabbro. hornblende-biotite granite.

Khg Heterogeneous granitic rocks Kis Granite of Indian Springs (mid- (Cretaceous) – A wide variety of Cretaceous) – Fine-grained biotite heterogeneous granitic rocks granite. Similar in appearance to Kdl. occur in the Oceanside quadrangle. Some heterogeneous Klh Leucogranodiorite of Lake Hodges assemblages include large (mid-Cretaceous) – Massive, proportions of metamorphic rocks. coarse- and medium-grained biotite- hornblende, leucogranodiorite. NAMED CRETACEOUS ROCKS OF THE PENINSULAR RANGES Kvc Monzogranite of Valley Center (mid- BATHOLITH Cretaceous) – Massive, coarse- (See Figure 2 for classification grained, leucocratic biotite monzo- diagram) granite.

Kdl Granite of Dixon Lake (mid-Creta- Kmm Monzogranite of Merriam Mountain ceous) – Very fine grained, sub- (mid-Cretaceous) – Massive, medium- to coarse-grained, leuco-

15 cratic hornblende-biotite monzo- sheared, leucocratic hornblende- granite. biotite granodiorite.

Kwm Granodiorite of Woodson Moun- Kcg Tonalite of Cole Grade (mid- tain (mid-Cretaceous) – Massive, Cretaceous) – Massive, coarse- coarse-grained, leucocratic horn- grained hornblende-biotite tonalite. blende granodiorite. Part of the Woodson Mountain Granodiorite Kcc Tonalite of Couser Canyon (mid- of Larsen (1948). Cretaceous) – Massive, coarse- grained hornblende-biotite tonalite. Kjd Granodiorite of Jesmond Dean Contains some granodiorite and is (mid-Cretaceous) – Massive, characterized by an abundance of fine-grained, dark-gray and black pegmatitic dikes. granodiorite. Krm Quartz-bearing diorite of Red Moun- Kbm Granodiorite of Burnt Mountain tain (mid-Cretaceous) – Massive, (mid-Cretaceous) – Very fine coarse-grained, dark-gray, biotite- grained, massive, leucocratic hornblende diorite. biotite granodiorite. Kat Gabbro of the Agua Tibia Mountains Km Granodiorite of Mountain (mid-Cretaceous) – Massive to Meadows (mid-Cretaceous) – foliated, coarse-grained, hornblende Massive, medium- to coarse- gabbro. Locally contains minor grained, dark-gray hornblende biotite and quartz. granodiorite. Kwmt Gabbro of Weaver Mountain (mid- Krr Granodiorite of Rimrock (mid- Cretaceous) – Massive, coarse- Cretaceous) – Fine-grained, sub- grained, hornblende gabbro. porphyritic biotite granodiorite. Kgbf Gabbro, undivided within the Ki Granodiorite of Indian Mountain Elsinore Fault Zone (mid-Creta- (mid-Cretaceous) – Massive, ceous) – Pervasively sheared, dark- medium-grained, leucocratic gray and black, biotite-hornblende- biotite granodiorite. hypersthene gabbro.

Kr Granodiorite of Rainbow (mid- Kvsp Santiago Peak Volcanics (Creta- Cretaceous) – Massive, medium- ceous) – Basaltic andesite, andesite, to coarse-grained, leucocratic dacite, rhyolite, volcaniclastic breccia, hornblende-biotite granodiorite. welded tuff, and epiclastic rocks (Herzig, 1991). Originally named Kpa Granodiorite of Pala (mid-Creta- Black Mountain Volcanics by Hanna ceous) – Fine- to medium- (1926), but name was pre-empted. grained, leucocratic granodiorite Larsen (1948) renamed unit Santiago and migmatite. Peak Volcanics for exposures in vicinity of Santiago Peak, northern Kgdf Granodiorite, undivided within the Santa Ana Mountains. Rocks are Elsinore Fault Zone (mid- very heterogeneous, discontinuous, Cretaceous) – Pervasively and poorly exposed. Most of unit is

16 hydrothermally altered; alteration of Hanna (1926). These rocks include was contemporaneous with vol- a Cretaceous subaerial island-arc canism. Zircon ages of Santiago volcanic sequence consisting of Peak Volcanics range from 123 to basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite, 134 Ma (Anderson, 1991), making rhyolite, volcaniclastic breccia, it coeval with older part of welded tuff and epiclastic rocks Peninsular Ranges Batholith. (Herzig, 1991). They are comag- matic with the oldest Cretaceous PREBATHOLITHIC AND plutons of the Peninsular Ranges SYNBATHOLITHC METAMORPHIC batholith (Herzig and Kimbrough, ROCKS 1991; Anderson, 1991).

Mzu Metamorphosed and unmetamor- Mzd Metavolcanic dikes (Mesozoic) – phosed volcanic and sedi- Very fine grained, dark-gray, massive mentary rocks, undivided dikes within Mzu. (Mesozoic) – Wide variety of unmetamorphosed and low- to Mzg Metagranitic rocks (Mesozoic) – high-metamorphic grade volcanic Consists primarily of light-gray to and sedimentary rocks. They white, massive gneiss. include prebatholithic (metamorphosed) and synbatholithic (un- Mzq Quartzite and quartz conglomerate metamorphosed) rocks including (Mesozoic) – Quartzite, quartz metavolcanic rocks (Santiago conglomerate and meta-arkose. Peak Volcanics) of Larsen (1948), metasedimentary rocks (Bedford Mzs Schist with minor amphibolite and Canyon Formation) of Larsen marble (Mesozoic) – Quartz-mica (1948), volcanic, metavolcanic, schist, quartz-mica-amphibole schist, sedimentary and metasedimentary and feldspathic amphibole schist. rocks (Black Mountain Volcanics)

Figure 3. Index map showing the 7.5-minute quadrangles in the Oceanside 30' x 60' quadrangle and the U.S. Geological Survey STATEMAP award numbers for those quadrangles mapped under that funding source. DEM from U.S. Geological Survey.

Sources of mapping for the Oceanside 30’ x 60’ quadrangle and individuals who digitized the geologic mapping (primary compilation sources shown in bold type). For complete citation see the reference section following this list.

Bonsall Quadrangle 1995; Wilson, 1972. Digital prep- Larsen, 1948; Tan, 2000a; Weber, aration by: Diane Burns and Geoff 1963. Digital preparation by: Ursula Faneros. Edwards and Gary W. Patt. Escondido Quadrangle Dana Point Quadrangle Kennedy and Peterson, 1975; Edgington, 1974; Kern, 1996a; Kern Larsen, 1948; Tan and Giffen, 1995; and others, 1996; Morton and Miller, Tan and Kennedy, 1999; Weber, 1981; Tan, 1984; Tan, 1999a; Tan 1963. Digital preparation by: Henry and Weber, 1984; Vedder, 1975. L. Jones and Kelly R. Ruppert. Digital preparation by: Gary W. Patt and Kelly R. Ruppert. Fallbrook Quadrangle Tan, 2000b; Larsen, 1948; Weber, Encinitas Quadrangle 1963. Digital preparation by: Ursula Kern, 1996a; Tan, 1986; Tan and Edwards and Gary W. Patt. Kennedy, 1996; Tan and Giffen,

18 Las Pulgas Canyon Quadrangle San Clemente Quadrangle Boss and others, 1958; Craig, 1984; Blanc and Cleveland, 1968; Boss Cranham and others, 1994; Ehlig and others,1958; Ehlig and Farley, and Farley, 1976; Kern, 1996a; Kern, 1976; Kern, 1996a; Kern, 1996b; 1996b; Kennedy, 2001. Digital Morton and Miller, 1981; Tan, preparation by: Ursula Edwards- 1999b; Tan and Weber, 1984; Howells. Vedder, 1975. Digital preparation by: Anne G. Kennedy and Amy C. Margarita Peak Quadrangle Zach. Boss and others, 1958; Tan, 2001a; Larsen, 1948. Digital preparation by: San Luis Rey Quadrangle Michael J. Watson and Sybil Tan and Kennedy, 1996; Tan and Jorgensen. Giffen, 1995; Weber, 1982; Wilson, 1972. Digital preparation by: Diane Morro Hill Quadrangle Burns and Geoff Faneros. Boss and others, 1958; Elliot, 1985; Larsen, 1948; Tan, 2001b; Weber, San Marcos Quadrangle 1963. Digital preparation by: Kelly Herzig, 1991; Tan and Kennedy, Corriea. 1996; Larsen, 1948; Tan and Giffen, 1995; Weber, 1963, 1982. Digital Oceanside Quadrangle preparation by: Diane Burns. Kern, 1996a; Tan and Kennedy, 1996; Tan and Giffen, 1995; Weber, San Onofre Bluff Quadrangle 1982. Digital preparation by: Diane Boss and others, 1958; Ehlig and Burns and Geoff Faneros. Farley, 1976; Kern, 1996a; Kern, 1996b; Tan, 1999c. Digital prep- Pala Quadrangle aration by: Amy C. Zach and Kelly R. Hanley and Jahns, 1950; Irwin and Ruppert. Greene, 1970; Jahns and Wright, 1951; Kennedy, 2000a; Larsen, Temecula Quadrangle 1948. Digital preparation by: Paul Kennedy, 1977; Larsen, 1948; Mann, Garcia and Rachel M. Hauser. 1955; Tan and Kennedy, 2000. Digital preparation by: Brad L. Pechanga Quadrangle Nelson and Gary W. Patt. Hanley and Jahns, 1950; Irwin and Greene, 1970; Jahns and Wright, Valley Center Quadrangle 1951; Kennedy, 1977; Kennedy, Kennedy, 1999; Larsen, 1948; 2000b; Larsen, 1948. Digital prep- Merriam, 1953. Digital preparation aration by: Brad L. Nelson and by: Anne G. Kennedy and Kelly R. Rachel M. Hauser. Ruppert.

Rancho Santa Fe Quadrangle Offshore Region Larsen, 1948; Nordstrom, 1970; Tan, Clarke and others, 1987; Ryan and 1987; Tan and Giffen, 1995; Tan others, (in preparation, in review). and Kennedy, 1996; Weber, 1963. Digital preparation by: Rachel Digital preparation by: Diane Burns. Alvarez and Carlos I. Gutierrez.

19 REFERENCES Chappell, J.M., and Shackleton, N.J., 1986, Oxygen isotopes and sea level: Anderson, C.L., 1991, Zircon uranium-lead Nature, v. 324, p. 137-140. isotopic ages of the Santiago Peak Volcanics and spatially related plutons Clarke, S.H., Jr., Greene, H.G., Kennedy, of the Peninsular Ranges Batholith, M.P., and Vedder, J.G., 1987, Geology southern California: San Diego State of the inner-southern California margin, University, M.S. thesis, 111 p. in Greene, H.G., and Kennedy, M.P., editors, California continental margin Blake, W.P., 1856, Notice of remarkable geologic map series: California strata containing the remains of Division of Mines and Geology, Map Infusoria and Polythalmia in the No. 1A, scale 1:250,000. Tertiary formation of Monterey, Cali- fornia: Academy of Natural Sciences of Craig, Christy, 1984, Geology and Eocene Philadelphia Proceedings, v. 7, p. 328- sedimentology of the southwestern 331. portion of the Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base, San Diego County, Blanc, R.P., and Cleveland, G.B., 1968, California: San Diego State University, Natural slope stability as related to M.S. thesis, 155 p., scale 1:24,000. geology, San Clemente area, Orange and San Diego counties, California Cranham, G.T., Camilleri, P.A., and Jaffe, Department of Conservation, Division G.R., 1994, Geologic overview of the of Mines and Geology Special Report San Onofre Mountains, Camp 98, 19 p., plate 1, scale 1:24,000. Pendleton Marine Corps Base, San Diego County, California, in Boss, R.F., Olmstead, F.H., Riley, F.S., and Rosenberg, P.S., editor, Geology and Worts, G.F., 1958, Geological mapping Natural History Camp Pendleton of Camp Joseph H. Pendleton Marine United States Marine Corps Base San Corps Base, U.S. Geological Survey, Diego County, California: San Diego unpublished mapping, scale 1:24,000. Association of Geologists annual field trip guidebook, p. 11-33, scale Bramlette, M.N., 1946, The Monterey 1:24,000. formation of California and the origin of its siliceous rocks: U.S. Geological Edgington, W.J., 1974, Geology of the Survey Professional Paper 212, 57 p. Dana Point quadrangle, Orange County, California: California Depart- Bukry, David, and Kennedy, M.P., 1969, ment of Conservation, Division of Cretaceous and Eocene coccoliths at Mines and Geology Special Report San Diego, California: California 109, 31 p., plate 1, scale 1:12,000. Division of Mines and Geology Special Report 100, p. 33-43. Ehlig, P.L., and Farley, T., 1976, Geologic map adjacent to San Onofre Nuclear Chappell, J.M., 1983, A revised sea-level Generating Station: Southern Cali- record for the last 300,000 years from fornia Edison Company, unpublished Paupa New Guinea: Search, v. 14, p. mapping, scale 1:6,000. 99-101.

20 Elliot, W.J., 1985, Geology of the Morro Hill Herzig, C.T., 1991, Petrogenetic and area, northwestern San Diego County, tectonic development of the Santiago California, in Abbott, P.L., editor, On Peak Volcanics, northern Santa Ana the manner of deposition of the Eocene Mountains, California: University of strata in northern San Diego County: California, Riverside, Ph.D. disserta- San Diego Association of Geologists, tion, 376 p. San Diego, California, p. 85. Herzig, C.T., and Kimbrough, D.L., 1991, Ellis, A.J., and Lee, C.H., 1919, Geology Early Cretaceous zircon ages prove a and ground waters of the western part non-accretionary origin for the of San Diego County, California: U.S. Santiago Peak Volcanics, northern Geological. Survey Water Supply Santa Ana Mountains, California: Paper 446. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 23, no. 2, Fairbanks, H.W., 1893, Geology of San p. 35. Diego County; also of portions of Orange and San Bernardino counties, Hull, A.G., 1990, Seismotectonics of the in Yale, G.Y., editor, Eleventh report of Elsinore-Temecula trough, Elsinore the State Mineralogist: California State Fault Zone, southern California: Mining Bureau, p. 76-120. University of California, Santa Barbara, Ph.D. dissertation, 233 p. Givens, C.R., and Kennedy, M.P., 1979, Eocene molluscan stages and their Irwin, W.P., and Greene, R.C., 1970, correlation, San Diego area, California, Studies related to wilderness primitive in Abbott, P.L., editor, Eocene areas, Agua Tibia, California: U.S. Depositional Systems, San Diego, Geological Survey Bulletin 1319-A, 19 California: Pacific Section, Society of p., scale 1:48,000. Economic Paleontologists and Mineral- ogists, p. 81-95. Jahns, R.H., and Wright, L.A., 1951, Gem- and lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Hanley, J.B., and Jahns, R.H., 1950, Pala district, San Diego County, Geological maps of the Pala and California: California Division of Mines Rincon pegmatite districts, San Diego Special Report 7-A, 72 p., scale County, California: U.S. Geological 1:18,000. Survey, unpublished mapping, scale 1:24,000. Jennings, C.W., and Saucedo, G.J., 2002, Simplified fault activity map of Hanna, M.A., 1926, Geology of the La Jolla California: California Geological Survey quadrangle, California: University of Map Sheet 54, scale 1:2,500,000. California Publications in Geological Sciences, Bulletin, v. 16, p. 187-246. Kennedy, M.P., 1977, Recency and character of faulting along the Elsinore Hawkins, J.W., 1970, Petrology and Fault Zone in southern Riverside possible tectonic significance of late County, California: California Division Cenozoic volcanic rocks, southern of Mines and Geology Special Report California and Baja California: 131, 12 p., scale 1:24,000. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 3323-3338.

21 ______, 1999, Geologic map of the Valley Kern, J.P., 1996a, Are Quaternary marine Center 7.5’ quadrangle, San Diego terrace shorelines horizontal from County, California: A digital database: Newport Beach to Del Mar?. in California Geological Survey Munasinghe, T., and Rosenberg, P., preliminary geologic map website: editors, Geology/natural resources of http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/ coastal San Diego County, p. 25-41. rghm/rgm/preliminary_geologic_maps. htm, scale 1:24,000. ______, 1996b, Geological mapping of marine terraces and marine terrace ______, 2000a, Geologic map of the Pala deposits in coastal southern California: 7.5’ quadrangle, San Diego County, California Division of Mines and California: A digital database: Geology unpublished reports, Inter- California Geological Survey agency Agreement 1094-046. preliminary geologic map website: http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/ Kern, J.P., Derrickson, A., and Burke, T., rghm/rgm/preliminary_geologic_maps. 1996, Preliminary geologic map of htm, scale 1:24,000. Quaternary marine terraces at Dana Point, Orange County, California, in ______, 2000b, Geologic map of the Munasinghe, T., and Rosenberg, P., Pechanga 7.5’ quadrangle, San Diego editors, Geology/ natural resources of and Riverside counties, California: A coastal San Diego County, p. 10-15. digital database: California Geological Survey preliminary geologic map Kern, J.P., and Rockwell, T.K., 1992, website: http://www.conservation.ca. Chronology and deformation of gov/cgs/rghm/rgm/preliminary_geologic Quaternary marine shorelines, San _maps.htm, scale 1:24,000. Diego County, California, in Fletcher, C.H., III, and Wehmiller, J.F., editors, ______, 2001, Geologic map of the Las Quaternary coasts of the United Pulgas Canyon 7.5’ quadrangle, San States: marine and lacustrine systems: Diego County, California: A digital Society of Economic Paleontologists database: California Geological Survey and Mineralogists Special Publication preliminary geologic map website: No. 48, p. 377-382. http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/rg hm/rgm/preliminary_geologic_maps. Kew, W.S.W., 1923, Geologic formations of htm, scale 1:24,000. a part of southern California and their correlation: American Association of Kennedy, M.P., and Moore, G.W., 1971, Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 7, p. Stratigraphic relations of Upper 411-420. Cretaceous and Eocene formations, San Diego coastal area, California: Lajoie, K.R., Ponti, D.J., Powell, C.L., American Association of Petroleum Mathieson, S.A., and Sarna-Wojcicki, Geologists Bulletin, v. 55, p. 709-722. A.M., 1991, Emergent marine strand- lines and associated sediments, Kennedy, M.P., and Peterson, G. L., 1975, coastal California; a record of Geology of the San Diego Metropolitan Quaternary sea-level fluctuations, area, California: California Division of vertical tectonic movements, climatic Mines and Geology Bulletin 200, changes, and coastal processes, in section B, plate 1B, scale 1:24,000. Morrison, R.B., editor, Quaternary

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