Charles Weldon (De Burgh) Birch (Count Zelling), an Unassuming Botanical and Zoological Collector in Central and North-Eastern Queensland
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North Queensland Naturalist 46 (2016) Charles Weldon (de Burgh) Birch (Count Zelling), an unassuming botanical and zoological collector in central and north-eastern Queensland John Leslie DoweA AAustralian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Smithfield, Qld 4878, Australia Email: [email protected] Abstract Charles Weldon (de Burgh) Birch (Count Zelling) (1821-94) was an amateur botanical and zoological collector active in central and north-eastern Queensland 1852-93. He was the embodiment of the wandering naturalist, but as with most amateur collectors he remained on the fringe of ‘official’ science. Birch’s first documented zoological collections were land and freshwater shells collected in 1857 at the Namoi River. He went on to collect freshwater invertebrates, fishes, insects, gastropods and later reptiles, a total of at least 60 specimens which were mainly sent to the Australian Museum and later the Queensland Museum. His first documented botanical collection, a Nymphaea sp. from Thomson River, was made in 1870, and was collected with the encouragement of Baron Ferdinand von Mueller, Victorian Government Botanist, and the most eminent Australian botanist of the nineteenth century. About 760 botanical specimens collected by Birch are extant, most of which are in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne. A significant early influence on Birch’s later activities was Samuel Stutchbury, New South Wales Government Geological Surveyor to whom Birch acted as assistant 1852-55 and for whom he anonymously collected palaeontological, mineralogical and zoological specimens as part of his field-work duties. In 1870, Birch became involved in the search for the lost explorer Ludwig Leichhardt, and was commissioned by the Ladies’ Search Committee to undertake an expedition to investigate a possible survivor of Leichhardt’s missing party living in the Thomson/Diamantina Rivers area. The search revealed no positive evidence of Leichhardt or his party. Birch took on additional names which he related to his ancestry, ‘de Burgh’ in 1871 and ‘Count Zelling’ in 1874, and which he used in official documents, written works and specimen labels. Based on specimens that he collected, Birch is commemorated in four plant and animal taxa including the Galvanised Burr, Sclerolaena birchii (F.Muell.) Domin; the Gidgee Skink, Egernia stokesii zellingi De Vis, 1884; the Proserpine Dual-banded Snail, Bentosites birchi Iredale, 1933 [Sphaerospira gavisa Iredale, 1933]; and a clam-shrimp Limnadopsis birchii Baird, 1860. Including the above eponymous taxa, Birch collected the type specimens of bryophytes (2 taxa), lichens (2), angiosperms (14), gastropods (1), branchiopod crustaceans (1), insects (1) and reptiles (5). Copyright: © 2016 Dowe. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Handling editor: Donald Franklin Citation: Dowe JL. 2016. Charles Weldon (de Burgh) Birch (Count Zelling), an unassuming botanical and zoological collector in central and north-eastern Queensland. North Queensland Naturalist 46: 16-46. Dowe: Charles Weldon Birch 16 North Queensland Naturalist 46 (2016) Introduction The circumstances that motivated amateur Weldon Birch, nor ‘Count Zelling’ is listed in Flora scientific collectors in nineteenth century Australia of Australia’s ‘Botanists, collectors and early are as varied as the men and women involved. voyagers’ (Orchard 1999) or the Australian Some collectors acted with a conviction that they Dictionary of Biography (ADB 2006-2015). Original were contributing to the grand scheme of scientific documents related to his life history events, such knowledge, whilst for others it was a personal as birth, christening, death and employment, were discovery of the native flora and fauna which they sought and located. Newspaper articles were used encountered as a new continent was being settled, to reconstruct some of his botanical and zoological ‘tamed’ and scientifically catalogued (Maroske collecting activities. Correspondence items were 1993; Olsen 2013; Lucas & Lucas 2014). Some are located in the Mueller Correspondence Project commemorated in the names of plants and animals collection, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, the that they collected, and through that practice a State Archives of Queensland and New South portal is opened to the activities of ‘everyday Wales, the Birch Family items in the State Library people’ who occupied themselves with the of Queensland and those held privately by family collection of scientific specimens mostly for their descendants, and the unpublished correspondence own amusement and edification, or for a sense of of Samuel Stutchbury and Reverend William involvement or possibly the advancement of Branwhite Clarke in the State Library of New South industry and pastoralism (Maroske 2014). Many Wales. Records related to his employment were amateurs are primarily remembered through their located in the digitised Returns of the Colony series herbarium and museum specimens and the and in the James Cook University Library’s Archive manner in which they were studied and catalogued Collection. MELISR, the collection database of the by professional botanists and zoologists, but National Herbarium of Victoria, provided otherwise remained on the periphery of ‘official’ information about his botanical collections and the science (Barker & Barker 1990). If not for their archives of the Australian Museum provided specimens many amateurs would have remained information about his zoological collections. The anonymous and forgotten to both society and current nomenclature used here for both plants science (Clarke 2008). Among the most and animals follows the Atlas of Living Australia unassuming of amateur collectors was Charles (ALA 2015). Botanical specimens collected by Birch Weldon Birch whose persistent curiosity about the have been located in the following herbaria: BM natural world has left a not insignificant scientific (Natural History Museum, London); BRI legacy and, what can be ascertained from the (Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane); G available evidence, led a life devoted to learning (Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de and the sensitive appreciation of the natural world. Genève, Switzerland); K (Royal Botanic Gardens This paper provides a broad assessment of Birch’s Kew, UK); MEL (Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne); life and activities, and examines his contribution to NSW (Botanic Gardens and Centennial Parklands, botanical and zoological sciences in Australia Sydney); and PERTH (Western Australian through his collections and interaction with Herbarium, Perth). Zoological specimens have been professional scientists. located in QM (Queensland Museum, Brisbane) and AM (Australian Museum, Sydney). In the Methods verbatim quotes included in the text, missing Prior to this research, the existing information words and sentences are indicated by an ellipsis, about Charles Weldon Birch was scant and and author additions are included in square uncoordinated. The Australian National brackets. Herbarium’s Biographical Notes allocated two lines to him (ANH 2014). George (2009), in Australian Results Botanist’s Companion, included ten lines under Family history Charles Weldon de Burgh Birch, a further two lines Charles Weldon Birch (Fig. 1) was born on 25 June under his latter appellation ‘Count Zelling’, but 1821 in Camberwell, England, the second child of treated the names as two individuals whereas they 1 Augustus and Rosa Birch. Augustus Birch (1786- were one and the same person. Neither Charles 1840) was a British Army Commissariat Officer. Dowe: Charles Weldon Birch 17 North Queensland Naturalist 46 (2016) was born in Sydney in 1832.4 In 1828, Augustus was assigned to the Colony of New South Wales (War Office 1830, 1834), and the family moved to Sydney, arriving on the Governor Ready, 16 January 1829 (Howe 1829).5 Some members of the immediate Birch family were prominent in court circles and the arts and literature in Britain. Augustus’ brother (Charles’ uncle) Jonathan Birch (1783-1847) was a translator of ancient texts and a tutor to the children of Frederick III of Prussia who married Princess Victoria, Queen Victoria’s eldest daughter (Lee 1903). Jonathan Birch’s son, Charles Bell Birch (1832-93) (Charles’ cousin) was an eminent English sculptor,6 and an Associate Member of the Royal Academy (Stephens 1909). He is represented in Australia by a number of public statues including the Lewis Wolfe Levy Fountain in Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney; the statue of Queen Victoria in Victoria Square, Adelaide; and the sculpture Retaliation in the Art Gallery of New South Wales. He is also represented by public and private pieces in India, Canada and the United Kingdom, including his most well-known public piece, the Griffin at Temple Bar, London. Other cousins of Charles included Samuel Bagster [Jnr] (1800-35), who was an authority and author on bees and bee-keeping, and Cornelius Birch Bagster (1815-93), a photographer, historian and author (Bagster 1861; Figure 1. Charles Weldon de Burgh Birch, Count Taylor 1989). Samuel [Jnr] and Cornelius were the Zelling, in later life. sons of Eunice Denton Bagster (née Birch), Charles’ Date and photographer not known. Original in the aunt, and Samuel Bagster [Snr] (Eunice’s husband), possession of Birch family descendants. founder of the publishing firm