Custom Power Supplies, Transformers, Chokes & Reactors
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Class-E Audio Modulated Tesla Coil Instruction Manual
Class-E Audio Modulated Tesla Coil CCllaassss--EE AAuuddiioo MMoodduullaatteedd TTeessllaa CCooiill IInnssttrruuccttiioonn MMaannuuaall Eastern Voltage Research, LLC May 19, 2017 REV F − 1 − http://www.EasternVoltageResearch.com Class-E Tesla Coil Instruction Manual Class-E Audio Modulated Tesla Coil BOARD REVISION C This manual only applies to the new Revision C PCB boards. These boards can be identified by their red or green silkscreen color as well as the marking SC2076 REV C which is located underneath the location for T41 on the upper right of the PCB board. May 19, 2017 REV F − 2 − http://www.EasternVoltageResearch.com Class-E Tesla Coil Instruction Manual Class-E Audio Modulated Tesla Coil AGE DISCLAIMER THIS KIT IS AN ADVANCED, HIGH POWER SOLID STATE POWER DEVICE. IT IS INTENDED FOR USE FOR INDIVIDUALS OVER 18 YEARS OF AGE WITH THE PROPER KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE, AS WELL AS FAMILIARITY WITH LINE VOLTAGE POWER CIRCUITS. BY BUILDING, USING, OR OPERATING THIS KIT, YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT YOU ARE OVER 18 YEARS OF AGE, AND THAT YOU HAVE THOROUGHLY READ THROUGH THE SAFETY INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS MANUAL. THIS KIT SHALL NOT BE USED AT ANY TIME BY INDIVIDUALS UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE. May 19, 2017 REV F − 3 − http://www.EasternVoltageResearch.com Class-E Tesla Coil Instruction Manual Class-E Audio Modulated Tesla Coil SAFETY AND EQUIPMENT HAZARDS PLEASE BE SURE TO READ AND UNDERSTAND ALL SAFETY AND EQUIPMENT RELATED HAZARDS AND WARNINGS BEFORE BUILDING AND OPERATING YOUR KIT. THE PURPOSE OF THESE WARNINGS IS NOT TO SCARE YOU, BUT TO KEEP YOU WELL INFORMED TO WHAT HAZARDS MAY APPLY FOR YOUR PARTICULAR KIT. -
What Is an SMPS and How Does It Generate Harmonics?
MIRUS FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS FAQ’s___ International Inc. 6805 Invader Cres., Unit #12, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5T 2K6 Harmonic Mitigating Transformers <Back to Questions> 4. What is an SMPS and how does it generate harmonics? The Switch-mode Power Supply (SMPS) is found in most power electronics today. Its reduced size and weight, better energy efficiency and lower cost make it far superior to the power supply technology it replaced. Electronic devices need power supplies to convert the 120VAC receptacle voltage to the low voltage DC levels Rectifier Lls that they require. Older generation power supplies used Bridge large and heavy 60 Hz step-down transformers to i convert the AC input voltage to lower values before ac Smoothing Switch-mode rectification. The SMPS avoids the heavy 60 Hz step- vac Capacitor dc-to-dc Cf converter down transformer by directly rectifying the 120VAC Load using an input diode bridge (Figure 4-1). The rectified voltage is then converted to lower voltages by much smaller and lighter switch-mode dc-to-dc converters using tiny transformers that operate at very high Figure 4-1: Typical circuit diagram of Switch-mode Power frequency. Consequently the SMPS is very small and Supply light. The SMPS is not without its downside, however. The operation of the diode bridge and accompanying smoothing capacitor is very non-linear in nature. That is, it draws current in non-sinusoidal pulses at the peak of the voltage Voltage waveform (see Figure 4-2). This non-sinusoidal current waveform is very rich in harmonic currents. Because the SMPS has become the standard computer power supply, they are found in large quantities in commercial buildings. -
Common Mode Chokes by Würth Elektronik
Welcome! Inductors & EMC-Ferrites Basics - Parts and Applications Wurth Electronics Inc. Field Application Engineer Michael Eckert Würth Elektronik eiSos © May/2006 Michael Eckert What is an Inductor ? technical view: a piece of wire wounded on something a filter an energy-storage-part (short-time) examples: Würth Elektronik eiSos © May/2006 Michael Eckert What is an EMC-Ferrite ? Technical view: Frequency dependent filter Absorber for RF-energy examples: EMC Snap-Ferrites EMC-Ferrites for SMD-Ferrites Flatwire Würth Elektronik eiSos © May/2006 Michael Eckert Magnetic Field Strenght H of some configurations I long, straight wire H = 2⋅π ⋅R N⋅I Toroidal Coil H = 2⋅π ⋅R N⋅I Long solenoid H = l (e.g. rod core indcutor) Würth Elektronik eiSos © May/2006 Michael Eckert Example: Conducted Emission Measurement • Dosing pump for chemicals industry. Würth Elektronik eiSos © May/2006 Michael Eckert Conducted Emission Measurement • Power supply V 1.0 PCB Buck Converter ST L4960/2.5A/fs 85-115KHz Würth Elektronik eiSos © May/2006 Michael Eckert Conducted Emission Measurement • Power supply V 1.1 PCB Schematic Würth Elektronik eiSos © May/2006 Michael Eckert Awareness: • Select the right parts for your application • Do not always look on cost Very easy solution with a dramatic result!!! or Choke before Choke after Würth Elektronik eiSos © May/2006 Michael Eckert What is permeability [ur]? – Permability (µr): describe the capacity of concentration of the magnetic flux in the material. typical permeabilities [µr] : Magnetic induction in ferrite: -
EE 462: Laboratory # 4 DC Power Supply Circuits Using Diodes (Lab 3 Report Due at Beginning of the Period) (Pre-Lab4 and Lab-4 D
EE 462: Laboratory # 4 DC Power Supply Circuits Using Diodes by Drs. A.V. Radun and K.D. Donohue (2/14/07) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington, KY 40506 Updated by Stephen Maloney (2/12/08) (Lab 3 report due at beginning of the period) (Pre-lab4 and Lab-4 Datasheet due at the end of the period) I. Instructional Objectives Design and construct circuits that transform sinusoidal (AC) voltages into constant (DC) voltages. Design and construct a voltage regulator based on the characteristics of the Zener diode. Evaluate the performance of simple rectifier and regulator circuits. See Horenstein 4.3 and 4.4 II. Background Electric power transmits best over long distances at high voltages. Since P = I V, a larger voltage implies a smaller current for the same transmitted power. And smaller currents allow for the use of smaller wires with less loss. The high voltages used for power transmission must be reduced to be compatible with the needs of most consumer and industrial equipment. This is done with transformers that only operate with AC (DC does not pass through a transformer). However, most electronic devices powered by a home outlet require DC (constant) voltages. Therefore, the device must have a power supply that converts AC voltages into a DC (constant) voltage. The terminology "DC" is somewhat ambiguous. DC can mean the voltage or current always has the same polarity but changes with time (pulsating DC), or it can mean a constant value. In this lab assignment DC will refer to a constant voltage or current. -
Checking out the Power Supply the Power Supply Must Be Carefully Checked out a Good Many Australian-Made Sets from the Mid 1930S-1950 Era
Checking out the power supply The power supply must be carefully checked out a good many Australian-made sets from the mid 1930s-1950 era. Fig.1 before switching on a vintage radio. The shows a typical circuit configura- components most likely to be at fault are the tion but there are other variations. electrolytic capacitors, most of which should be For example, some rectifiers re- quire a cathode voltage of 6.3V AC, replaced as a matter of course. not 5V. Similarly, not all radio valves use Although only a few parts are in- (equivalent to 570 volts, centre- 6.3V heater supplies. There are volved, the power supply is a com- tapped). 2.5V valves, 4V valves and 12V mon source of problems in vintage The 5V and 6.3V AC supplies are valves in some late model sets. In radios. It should be carefully check- wired straight from the trans- these radios, the low tension ed out before power is applied, as a former to the filaments and voltages on the transformer will be fault here can quickly cause heaters. However, the high tension different — but that's about all. damage to critical components. supply must be rectified to give a The high tension voltage will still be Most mains-operated valve high-tension DC supply for the well in excess of 250 volts. radios have three separate secon- anodes and screens for the various The output from the rectifier dary windings on the power receiving and output valves. A valve will not be pure DC but does transformer. -
Design Tips for Linear and Switched‐Mode Power Supplies
Analog Design Journal Power Design tips for linear and switched-mode power supplies By Billy Long Systems Engineer Introduction the rate of change of flux in that conductor. Energy transmitted through the electric grid is transmit- dΦ VN= (1) ted at very high voltages to reduce the amount of copper dt lost as heat in the wires; however, most electrical and where N is the number of turns of the conductor subject electronic applications use much lower voltages. to the change in flux, Φ. One of the main reasons why the power grid uses AC The magnetic flux in a single-conductor loop = B × A, currents and voltages is that it is relatively easy to use where B is the flux density/unit area and A is the area of transformers to convert AC power from one voltage to the loop. The relationship of induced voltage to induced another. This technology was readily available during the flux density is shown by Equation 2. initial development and deployment of power grids in the (2) late 19th and early 20th centuries. ∫ V× dt = N ×Φ = NB× × A To convert the typical grid voltage of 90 VAC to 240 VAC Because the inductance (and hence impedance) of the (depending on global location) down to a lower voltage, transmission lines used in the AC grid increases with early electronic applications used a linear power supply, frequency, the operating frequency of grids around the shown in Figure 1. world was standardized in the 50- to 60-Hz range. This The line voltage is applied to a transformer, which frequency, in conjunction with the rms grid voltages converts the input voltage down to a lower voltage. -
Designing Magnetic Components for Optimum Performance Article
Power Supply Design Seminar Designing Magnetic Components for Optimum Performance in Low-Cost AC/DC Converter Applications Topic Category: Magnetic Component Design Reproduced from 2010 Texas Instruments Power Supply Design Seminar SEM1900, Topic 5 TI Literature Number: SLUP265 © 2010, 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated Power Seminar topics and online power- training modules are available at: power.ti.com/seminars Designing Magnetic Components for Optimum Performance in Low-Cost AC/DC Converter Applications Seamus O’Driscoll, Peter Meaney, John Flannery, and George Young AbstrAct Assuming that the reader is familiar with basic magnetic design theory, this topic provides design guidance to achieve high efficiency, low electromagnetic interference (EMI), and manufacturing ease for the magnetic components in typical offline power converters. Magnetic-component designs for a 90-W notebook adapter and a 300-W ATX power supply are used as examples. Magnetic applications to be considered include the input EMI filter, power inductor design, high-voltage (HV) level-shifting gate drives, and single- and multiple-output forward-mode transformers in both wound and planar formats. The techniques are also applied to flyback “transformers” (coupled inductors) and will enable lower- profile designs with lower intrinsic common-mode noise generation. I. IntroductIon Gate Drive Note: The SI (extended MKS) units system AC Filter PFC Isolated Main Drive (for some Converter Output(s) is used throughout this topic. CM Inductor, topologies), Balanced Bridge, Differential This material is intended as a high- PFC Inductor, Multi-Output Filter level overview of the primary consider- Bias Flyback ations when designing magnetic components for high-volume and cost- Isolated Feedback optimized applications such as computer Fig. -
Measured Data for Chokes Wound on New Big #31 Toroid
A New Choke Cookbook for the 160–10M Bands Using Fair-Rite #31 2.4-in o.d. (2631803802) and 4-in o.d. (2631814002) Toroids © 2018-19 by James W. Brown All Rights Reserved Introduction: Common mode chokes are added as series elements to a transmission line to kill common mode current. The line may be a short one carrying audio or control signals between a computer and a radio, video between a computer and a monitor, noisy power wiring, or feedlines for antennas. This application note focuses on the use of chokes on the feedlines of high power transmitting antennas to suppress received noise, to minimize RF in the shack (and a neighbor’s living room) and to minimize crosstalk between stations in multi-transmitter environments. Fundamentals Differential mode current is the normal transmission of power or other signals inside coax, or between paired conductors. The currents in the two conductors are precisely equal and are out of polarity (that is, flowing in opposite directions at each point along the line). Because the current in the two conductors are equal and out of polarity, they do not radiate, nor do they receive. Common mode current is carried on the outside of the coax shield, or as the difference of unequal currents on the two conductors of 2-wire line. A line carrying common mode current acts as antenna for both transmit and receive. Common mode current that couples to the antenna changes the directional pattern of an antenna by filling in the nulls of it’s directional pattern. -
Switch Mode Power Supplies and Their Magnetics Tutorial
Datatronic Switch Mode Power Supplies and their Magnetics Many factors must be considered by designers when choosing the magnetic components required in today’s electronic power supplies DATATRONIC DISTRIBUTION, INC. Datatronic In today’s day and age the most often used topology for electronic power supplies is that of the Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS), which is a major user of magnetics. In some applications the “older type” linear supplies are still used, but in the early 70’s SMPS came into being spurred by the development of faster switching transistors. This facilitated the use of much smaller magnetic components and greater efficiencies. DATATRONIC DISTRIBUTION, INC. Datatronic SMPS and their General Magnetic Usage In general, there are four different types of magnetic components that are needed for the typical SMPS. They include the Output Transformer, usually the most noticeable because of its size compared to the others, the Output Inductors, the Input Inductors and the Current Sense Transformer, each with its own important function. DATATRONIC DISTRIBUTION, INC. Datatronic SMPS and their General Magnetic Usage 1.The Output Transformer or “Main” Transformer takes the input voltage that is supplied to its primary winding and then transforms the input voltage to one or more voltages that are the output of the secondary winding or windings. 2. The Output Inductors are used to filter the output voltage so that the load “sees” a filtered DC voltage. DATATRONIC DISTRIBUTION, INC. Datatronic SMPS and their General Magnetic Usage 3. The Input Inductors filter out the noise generated by the switching transistors so that this noise isn’t emitted back to the source. -
How to Select a Capacitor for Power Supplies
CAPACITOR FUNDAMENTALS 301 HOW TO SELECT A CAPACITOR FOR POWER SUPPLIES 1 Capacitor Committee Upcoming Events PSMA Capacitor Committee Website, Old Fundamentals Webinars, Training Presentations and much more – https://www.psma.com/technical-forums/capacitor Capacitor Workshop “How to choose and define capacitor usage for various applications, wideband trends, and new technologies” The day before APEC, Saturday March 14 from 7:00AM to 6:00PM Capacitor Industry Session as part of APEC “Capacitors That Stand Up to the Mission Profiles of the Future – eMobility, Broadband” Tuesday March 17, 8:30AM to Noon in New Orleans Capacitor Roadmap Webinar – Timing TBD – Latest in Research and Technology Additional info here. Short Introduction of Today‘s Presenter Eduardo Drehmer Director of Marketing FILM Capacitors Background: • Over 20 years experience with knowledge on +1 732 319 1831 Manufacturing, Quality and Application of Electronic Components. [email protected] • Responsible for Technical Marketing for Film Capacitors www.tdk.com 2018-09-25 StM Short Introduction of Today‘s Presenter Edward Lobo was born in Acushnet, MA in 1943 and graduated from the University of Massachusetts in Amherst in 1967 with a BS in Chemistry. Ed worked for Magnetek, Aerovox and CDE where he is currently Chief Engineer for New Product Development. Ed Lobo Ed has served for over 52 years in Chief Engineer, New Product capacitor product development. He holds [email protected] 14 US patents involving capacitors. 4 ABSTRACT This presentation will guide individuals selecting components for their Electronic Power Supplies. Capacitors come in a wide variety of technologies, and each offers specific benefits that should be considered when designing a Power Supply circuit. -
Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors Power Application Capabilities
VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC. aluMinuM electrolYtic capacitors Power Application Capabilities Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors in Power Applications POWER APPLICATIONS • Motor Drives • Solar Inverters • Traction in trains or rolling stock • Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) • Pulsed Power RESOURCES • For technical questions contact [email protected] • Sales Contacts: http://www.vishay.com/doc?99914 A WORLD OF SOLUTIONS CAPABILITIES 1/11 VMN-PL0453-1610 THIS DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 www.vishay.com VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC. aluMinuM electrolYtic capacitors for Motor Drives Introduction to the Application Motor drives are used to control the speed of various motors in all kinds of systems, from the small pumps and motors in household washing machines and central heating and air-conditioning systems to the large motors found in industrial machinery. Selecting the Best Capacitor for Your Motor Drive Application Aluminum capacitors are often used as DC link capacitors in motor drives, both in 1-phase and 3-phase designs. The aluminum capacitor is used as an energy buffer to ensure stable operation of the switch mode inverter driving the motor. The aluminum capacitor also functions as a filter to prevent high-frequency components from the switch mode inverter from polluting the mains voltage. The key selection criterion for the aluminum capacitor is the required ripple current. The ripple current consists of two components, a low-frequency ripple (50 Hz to 200 Hz) from the input and a high-frequency component from the inverter, typically 8 kHz to 20 kHz. -
Ferrite EMI Cable Cores Electro-Magnetic Interference Solutions
global solutions : local support ™ Ferrite EMI Cable Cores Electro-Magnetic Interference Solutions www.lairdtech.com Laird Technologies is the world leader in the design and supply of customized performance critical products for wireless and other advanced electronic applications. Laird Technologies partners with it's customers to help find solutions for applications in various industries such as: Aerospace Automotive Electronics Computers Consumer Electronics Data Communications Medical Equipment Military Network Equipment Telecommunications Laird Technologies offers its customers unique product solutions, dedication to research and development and a seamless network of manufacturing and customer support facilities located all across the globe. global solutions : local support ™ www.lairdtech.com Contents Ferrite Material Impedance Comparison ................................. 4 Design & Selection “Rules of Thumb” ..................................... 4 High Frequency (HFB-) Cylindrical Cores .................................. 5 High Frequency (HFA-) Split, Snap-On Cores ........................... 6 Broadband (28B-) Cylindrical Cores ........................................ 7 Broadband (28A-) Split, Snap-On Cores ................................ 10 Sorted Quick Reference Charts Broadband (28B- and 28A-) Cable Cores .......................... 12 Low Frequency (LFB-) Cylinderical Cores ............................... 14 Broadband (28R-) Ribbon & Flex Cable Cores ....................... 15 Broadband (28S-) Split Ribbion & Flex Cable Cores