The Position of Adam in Latter-Day Scripture and Theology

Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive

Theses and Dissertations

1953

Rodney Turner Brigham Young University - Provo

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BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Turner, Rodney, "The Position of Adam in Latter-Day Scripture and Theology" (1953). Theses and Dissertations. 5179. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5179

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. TETHE POSITIONposir TIONT OF- ADAMADIAH IN LATTERDAYLATTER DAY SAINTSKUTT SCRIPTURE ledAND THEOLOGYTILECLOGY

A THESIS

subvsuavSUBMITTEDITTED TO THE

FACULTY OF TIMTHE DIVISION OPOF RELIGIONRELT

OF BRIGHAM YOUNG university

IN PARTIAL fulfillment OF THE requirements FOR THE DEGREE

MASTER 0OPOF ARTS

RODNEY TLWERTURNER kugustaugustaugusts 1953

f a i r ACENA CIM ovileOWLEDGEDgeiGETmi TSTS

4 I1 am epeccepecespeciallylally indeindebted01 ed to certaincereereen LO ainaln members of the faculty of the division of ligionreligionpeligionPePR eliglongion briebrigbrighamhanham younayoung university for their critical examination of the manuscriptmanuscripts I1 thelk them in the name of dr sidney B sperry director of the division and chairchairmanmarnmawn of my thesis ccmmitteecommitteeccmmitteee I1 also wish to express my gratitude to my wife for her willing efforts in transcribing my notes and for sustaining me throughout the venture and I1 greatly appreciateappreellate the in- valuable assistance given mabymybymy by the staff of the brigham young university library and of the chudhuchurchch Historianhistoriansts office in locating the many sources from whwhichich the material used in this study was obtained and for the useu1 se of their microfilms there are others who here go unnamed but who have every right to feel that they have had a real though invisi- ble hand in the accomplishment of this work

hi COKTEKTSC attenMTTEN rn S chapter page Iio1 INintroductionTR 0DUC rill11 I1 ontOLT 1 the iroproblemproblemulem and its justitijustificationjustiniJus titi cationcatlon the basic uestionsquestions involved the method of study limitations of the study

II11 THE DISCOURSE OF APRIL 990 1821852 the discourse itself analysisAns lysis of the discourse early reactions to the discourse 18521852561852656

LI THE LATER TEACHINGS OF BRIPHAYBRIGHAM YOMGyougYOUNGyoong illiliIIII-ill111 0 0 0 0 18 182189182185218591852 1891859 186018691860 1869 1870187618701870187218761872 1877 A fewpew conclusions were brigham youngs remarks misinterpreted was brigham young misquoted matwhat was the source of brigharBribrighambpibharghar youngs views what did brigham young believe

IV TBETHE VIEWSVIEVIS OF OTHERS 61 1821899182185218991852 1899 1900present1900 present

V JOSEPH SMITH enndANDenydANYD THE STMDARDSTANDARD WORKS 90go early publications of the church vi hat did joseph smith teach the standard works

r az laphynaphynapey bibliographyBTB &z7aphy 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 118.1186118

iv 0O CHAPTERCH ALTER I1

introduction

the problem and its justification 6 the purpose of this study is1 to determine in so far as is possible the views held by various leaders of the latter day saints relative to adam and more especially the official doctrine of the church as to his place in its theology the problem is based in part on the divergent and oft times bitter claims and counterclaimscounter claims of members ex mem bers and nonmembersnon members of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints over 1111mormon1111ormonornonormon teachings concerning adam inthein the light of a certain addresaddresss given by president brigiamBrigbrighambrigtiamriantlamtiam young in 1852 indeed this address and the man who gave it remain the focal point of much discussion to this daydayo from time to t3tatimeme articles anti cotmonmotmon in spirit and purpose appear attacking the latterlattenlatterdaydaydey saints and citing the aforementioned address as irrefutable evidence of the 11b1blasphe-alpheasphe mouss beliefsbe1ea ie4eaPs of icormonismormonlormont sm in general and its concept of god and nasmasnanemansmane relationship to him in particular it is hoped that this study will prove of some value in establishing the actual doctrines of the church thus revealing the truth whatevervtateverevec that truth may be it is in that spirit that this thesis hashes been written the writerwri ter trusts that it will be received in a like one 2

the baicbalcbasic Qquestions involved there are eight balcbaicbacic questions for which this thesis seeks answers because of the almost universaluniverzal yrominencoproisiinenco given his views aadand because he is the focal point of the overallover all problemproblenienlem four of these questions relate to the teach

r wr f t 1 & sr atwguw r I1 s a-f T ftw eltell ett MMMzaz&M

9 a ft si 7 T nel 9 A ii g M WS 5 7 ciks11 T

interpretedelm 292 wedenerevredewere his remarks misquoted church 9 in official a publications 0 3 where did he obtain his views concerning adam what werehiswrwere his vieaviews concerningconcorning adam hatwhat have been the vlesviesviews of other church authorities 6 what did joseph slaithsmithsinith teach 70 iftilathat do the standard workworks reveal concerning adamsadaal1 amn 1 identityd ww t t

I1 10 S tif P 2.2 010 ulatmlatT at isa heb 0officialci a2aa doctrinedocdoe rins ofOP thee church ofab4b jess Cchristist ofoslOIL latterlatterdayday saints today

the eathodmethod of study thethashesha nature of the problem demands that the writer divorce himself from any doctrinal expressions or opinions he has limited himself to the evaluation and analysis of the quoted material alonealoneo the doctrinal correctness of any given viewviewy or interpretation ws in terms of ultimate truthtruths is something which could not enter into any objective study of this kindekindo the writer does not pretend to knauknow of any meansmeano forfodlorlod ascertaining such theological truth in keelingkeeaingkeeping witvithwithh the prescribed methodology of thesis research theteeshesee business 3 of this study is the collection and codrcorrcorrelationalation of manifest fact not thethoth substantiation of theological doctrinedoctrino the writer has reliedreaednedued heavily upuponon the direct statedstate-state& ments of those concerned as much aaz possiblepossipossiblespossibleobleo this dilwillill dodaindawn crease the liklihoodlikelihood of errors in analysis on thetho wriwriterwriterswritorstorstorg part and dubiety on the readreaderreadarroaderroaddoadreadersreadertsertsactsarrss it will also permit the A quotesquotas to be introduced directly into thetho body of the thesis rather than have them relegated to the oft unfingered isolation of an appendix much of the material iain presented in its chronological sequencedsequencesequencee for example the remarksrolroidemarksrejnarksmarks of president young appear in essentially the same order in which heh uttered them the writer has attempted to select those statestalewstatew ntsants i thichwhich are the most pertinenpertinentpertinentvtv theth least ambiguous and therefore bestbastbeatbaat able to stand alone and unsullied by needless corncormcommCOMOM Zenmencentarymentarymenteryzentarymentarymenteryterytary the following arbitrary rules of procedure have guided the actual witingrcriting of thisthia studytudyktudy& 1 be objective 202 select those statements aichhichwhich most eairlyelelegrlyeleairlyelearly and completely reveal a given persontspersonspersonapersontssonta views 303 avoid the use of isolated ambiguous referencereferences 4 accept all statements literally unlessunless they are obviously meant to be understood heriseotherwiseot ie5 in general base all conclusions on hatrrhatarhat is actually said not on what is supposedly left unsaidunaaido 6 look for an overall pattern of thought in a given personsB pronouncementbpronouncements 7 differentialdifferentiate between a principle and a fact 8 bab3 honest in the use of tha materialmaterialematerialomatedmaterlaislaioialo and in youdyour conclusions 4

limitations of the study this study doesdoos not protoadprotondprotone to include all facets of latterlatterdayday saint doctrine asaz it relates to adamadaaradaau such areas as adarasadanadamasadam a preexistentpre existent life his fall mortal life etcor comprisecomeomoomprise another study in themselves to have introduced them a herein would have been to pass beyond the outermost limits which define and confine a thesis therefore thithlthisthia study is limited to an examination of certain material relevant to adamsadamadama identity and accepted position in latterlatterdayday sainsaintt theology CHAPTER ilII11

THE DISCOURSE OPOF APRIL 9vav9 1821852

baekeroundbackgroundekeround of the dlgcoydldi3c0ur30scouscoygcoy theme old tabernacle waslwasiwas filled to overflowing asaa president your9youngyouryoun9 arose to address the eveningeveninalnaing session of conference helleile110 spoke of the amysnmysmysteriesterlesteries and said that many of the elders of israel desired to know of themithemethesichesi but he mirndwarned his listeners that here is the place for you to teach great mysteries to your brethren because hereherore are those whoho can correct you thithlthis fault the eleldersorigrieri of israel do not fall into in this Tabernatabernacleeletciot although they mymay in private house czichczicdcbicd and neighborhoods uhenwhenvillen a man is capable of correcting you and of givingyougiving you light and true doctrine do not getgatgot up an altercation butbuitbult submit to be taught like little children and strive tithwith all youyourr might to understand tho privileges of those who delideildollduelldueildwell here are greatgroatgreaterarbarn than the privileges of those thowhosho dwell abroad ehenehonvhenwlnonwanon your duties call you into torolgaforeign lelandslendslandaiandalendands and yortyouyout there exhaust your stock of woledgenoledgenoknowledgeledge and idonidomwisdonwisdom and you are not in possession of thetho keykayakeya to obtain that instruct sonaonlonion1on aichhichwhich you desire is bocuaebocausecocause you are farforzarzor from the it 1 right fountfountainain zarfar from the tbeaboa uhor cil11 thetho members are in lively operation abowao 6 a 0 ehenehonwhenwhon your face is turned from the body let myzteriesmysteriesmyateriesmysmya terlesteries alonealones fforcoror this is13 the only place for you to bo corrected if brongowrongwrongo 1 following thiathim admonition to the membership president young briefly discussed aniusesientaamu2amenta and tithing after which he said 1 I rillwill close this sermon as I1 intend to preach another before I1 present the subject I1 more particularly ishwish to speak upon theethese words introduced brigham youngs controversial socalledso called adanadamgodAdambadamnadam God addresaddressaddressdresass nwnow quoted inM ititsstc ontlrctjontiret7o

1gag D watt et al edseyeds journal of di2eourzesdibdigcouresDig coures liverpool iqqinq1854 8459 1it 4674647404746 477 hereafter designated as J of D 5 6 the discourse itself

my 1 mynettmynextnelcnexc sermon will be to both saintsa int and sinner 0 one thing has remained a mystery in this kingdom udup to this day it is in regard to the character of the wellbelovedwell beloved son of god upon which subject the elders of israel have conflicting views our god and father in heaven is a being of tabernacle or in other words he has a body with dartspartspacts the same ahyouasyouas you and I1 have and is capable of showshowing31 nR forthforth his works to organized beingsbeingsinge as fforrodcoror instance in the world in which we live iti4v is the result 0offL the knowledge and infinfiniteiniteanite wisdom that dawelldwellXelleileli in his organized body his son jesus christ has becombecomee a person-personyson age of tabernacle and has a body likeilke1 ike his etheratherffather the holy ghost is the spirit of the lord and issues forth from himself and may properly be called godsoodgodoods minister to execute his will in immensityimme nsity being called to govern by his influence and power but he is not a person of tabernacle as we are and as our father in heaven and lesusjesus christ are the question has been and is often asked who it was that begat the son of the virgin 1laryiaryarv the infidelinfidel world has concluded that if what the postlesapostles4 wrote about his father and mother be true and the present marriage discipline acknowledged by christendom be correctlycorrectycoroorcorrectrectY then chrohrchristiansistians must believe that god is the father of an legitimateillegitimate1 son in the person of lesusjesus christ I1 the infinfi-1 del fraternity teach that to their disciples I1 will tell you how it is our father in heaven begat all the spirits that ever were or ever will be upon this earth and they were born spirits in the eternal world then the lord by his power and wisdom organized the mortal tabernacle of man we were made first spiritual and afterwards temporaltemporalitemporalstemporals nowhearnow sheadshaad it 0 inhabitants of the earth jew and ge- ntile saint and sinner I1 ahenvhenwhenvnaen our father adam came into garden of eden he came with a bodyb the 1 into it celestial and brought eve one of his wives with him he helped to make and organize this worlworldd he is MICHAMMICHAEL theU he archaarchearchangel 1 the LNCIENTANCIENT OF DAYSDAYSI I0O about whom holy men have written and spoken he is purour father and our god and the only godgoa with whom rieWEVIE have to do every man upon the earth professing christians and non professing must hear itity and will know it sooner or laterlatera A theypneyuney came here organized the raw material and arranged in their order the herbs of the field the trees the apple the peach the plum the pear and every other fruit that is desirable and good for man the seed was brought from another sphere and planted in this earth the thistle 2 the thorn the brbrierier and the obnoxious weed did not appear until aftertheafter the earth was cursed ihenjhenkihenvihen damadamaam andend sveeiveeve had eaten oftthethadha theheuhe forbidden fruitfru31t their bodies became mortal from its effects and therefore their offspring were mortal rhienvohenvjhenvdienlen uhetheche virsiivirsiavirgin biaryblacyacyary conceived thechildthe child jesus the father had begotten him 7

1 1 14 own 1 Hh310 was no It b y C g in his likenessikene sj ha ras r begotteno tt n tyby theh holyol01 a ghott 4 T I1 ahotohot andA na iwho isA tthee fatherfathersfather9 hoc i1 the firstrstr st cfof hetheL ffc lly hun 4 han 4 1 4 ajar and when he took a tabernacle it was gottengottonbogottonboL t by 14 s fatherljar in heaven after tho- same airnermairnercannermannerm as thehe bernactabernactatabernacktabernaclesc of cainoaina i ri e 1 I1 cl Y I 0 abel and the rest of thlthe sons and daughtersdau te 1 Is of00 aaranrannt arandd 1 lor eve 0 1 1 s 45 e I1 0 v from the fruits of0 the earthearthyP tletheth firstr earthlyar h ttaber-r nacles were oriloriginatednatedbated by thecohedahedohe fatherfathe-l r andan so cnon inn success-sucee ssepasep T J ionons I1 could tellteiltelite I1 pouyou nuchmuch morezi ore about L his but vrewre I1L to40 0 tell you the whole truth blasphemy would be nothing to it in thehe estimationestinia tion of the superstitious ardand overriteousoverrishteousoverrighteous of mankindsrnankindoman kinds however I1 havehelvehalve told you the truth as far as I1 have gone I1 have heard men preach upon the divinity of christ and exhaust all the wisdom they possessed all scripturalistsscripturalisus and approved theologians who were considered exemplary for piety mdand education have unundertaken44eae vahenwaken to exexam pound on this subject in every age of the christian era and after they have done all they are obobligedilcair2irredned to conclude by exclaiming great is the mystery of godliness n SIridand nothing tell it is true that the earth was organized bvby tlthreexeemee distinct charactersto W namely EleloheimelvheimEjejoheimoheim Yayahovahyahovohhovah anandd liililmichaelchael these three forming a quorum as in all heavenly bodies

19 and in organiorganizingzinggingC element perfectly represented& in the deity as father son and holy ghostsChost

again they will try to tell how the divinity of0 L jesus is joined to his humanityhunarahunanahumarAity and exhaust all their mental faculties and wind ikikoimoupo with this profound language as describing thetho oaloaioulsoalsoaisoul of man itisit is an immaterialnrimaterialiv substancelsubstancessubstancel1 what a learned ideal jesusbd our elder brother was bobotbagottepbogottepbagotbogottep IL in the flesh by the samesamasamne character that was in theaheohe Crrardenbrardengarden of eden and who Is our father in heaven now let allailali who marnaymay hearheap these doctrinesdoetrines pausepauzepauza before they make light of thenthem or treat themthamthom rciiroiiwithL h indifference for they will prove their salvation or damnatiodamnationdamnationne I1 have given you a few leading items upon this subiectsubject but a gratgreat deal more mainsremainsromainsxe to be told kownow ramemberememberr froi-fomn this time forth and forfop ever that jesus christeaschrlstwaschristwaschuisChrlsChris twas not begotten by the holy ghostghosts I1 willrivillcivill repeat a little anecdote I1 was in conversation with a cecertainotain learned rofessorprofessorprofessorrofessor upon thisthiduhls subjectsubjeelVW when I1 replied to this idea if the son wasvaas begotten by the holy ghost it would be very danZdangerouserous to baptisebaptize and confconeconfirmirm females and sivecivegiveolvec ivelve the holy ghosghostaghost to themthelm lest he should beget children to be palmpaimpalmedpalmadad upon the elders by the people bringing the elders into great difficultdifficultieslesoieso san treasurereasulre up these things inian youyoutyour6.6 heartsheertshe artserts in thetine bible you have read the thithlth hiAIZs I1 have toldroldpold1 you alcto vshtvaht butbutabuto roiroliroiiyoirouyou1 have nonott I1lownnown bat&atmstmatvfaat you did ir ead I1 have tlctotetose joupouyou no norenoramoremora SV 1 kuat than you aiealeareaxa converconversaconversvconvorscitnt 4 4athith1th batbutbattbaft i7hatwlluetluat do the people in I 1 10 1 no a ab L s chrchrichrigfcendojilal0otondo i with the Dibleibiebiblebibie in their hands y kno aboutot t thlthithis 8 subject coniparltivolyconiparitivoly nothingnothing1nothings 1

analysis of the discourse president young begins by stating that the charactercharacter or nature of christchri st has been a rriysterymystery among the saints and a source of conflicting views among the eideeldeelderseidersrs of israel to that time he then briefly describes the individuals in the godhead saying that our god and father in heavenheaven and his sson0 n jesus christchristschristy were personages of tabernacle comparable to mortal men but that the holy ghost was not so endowed he then states that the question as to the identity of the actual father of christs mortal body is often asked tz and that some people would braadbrandbrend christ an illegitimate son of god if the account by the apostles Is true concerning jesus t parentage with this introduction brightabrighaabrigham young gives his views of the matter brieflybr tdeflyhefly as follows 1 god the father begat the spirits of all those born on this earthearthsearthegarthgarthe 202 god then organiorganizedsedzed mans physical body 3eae adam enterededenentered eden with a coicolcelestialestial body eve one of adams wives cameamcamseamscame with him 5 adam assisted in the organization of this earthseartho 60 adam is michael the archangel the ancient of days 7TO edanadamedam is our father and our god and the only god with whom WE have to do 8 seed for earths vegetation was brought from another sphere ff 9 the mortalityaortal ity of adam and eve resulted from eating

libidolibidpbid apppppe 501 9 fforbiddenorbidden fruitfruite 10 christ is the literal son of the father not of tlethefeemeamma holy ghost 11 god the father Is thatho first of the human family 12 god the fathersFatherts body was begotten in turn by his father 13 god theth e father originatedinatikhnatikn d the earthly bodies oris first CT anon this planet from the ifruitsoffruitsfruita of the earthearthsearthegarthgarthe 14 this process of origination has continued on in suc- cessioncession& 15 the earth waswa organized by three distinct persons li eloheimelvheimEloheim Yayahovahhovah and michaelKi chael 16 the ysica11physicalph body of chrischrlschristu was begotten by the same character that was in the garden of eden and who is our father in heaven A msteryhasrsyatery hashab been spoken of nitgitwitw it is evident that brigham young felt he had revealed s6mathingsome thing of a mystery somethingSoma thAng that was possibly new and hockingshocking to at least a perporpenpocponpornporm m tion of his audience that it was new would appear from his statement that christchristaschrist1ss character has remained a mystery in this kingdom up to this day that it was possibly shocking is seen in suchduchdueh expressions as were I1 to tell you the whole truthtruthy blasphemy would be nothing to itity in the estimation of the superstitious anandd overrighteous of mankindmankindsmankinds n and letietlotletlot all whounomno may hear these doctrindoctrinesesteso pause before they make light of them or treat them with indifference for they will prove their salvation or damatlonmationdamnation vjhyvohylpfny it wabwas spoken of e it is not known for certain whytoaytonyveay president young discusseddiscuoseddiedle cussed the ajeetbjeetsubject at all he himself never saidsaldsaidesaldeaalde earlier that night he had stated here is the placeplaco for you to teach sroatgraatgreatgroat mysfceriosmyr teritericsgerics cs to your brethren that may 10 have had something to do with prompting his line of thought that and a desire to put ann endandnd to the coiflictingconflictingllcmflicting vietzviewsviewz of the elders then too it should be recalirecalkrecalledd that tho saints had been in utah something lalessss than five years they numbered but a few thousand there and in that period before the railr- oad spannedsPacnedanned the continent they enjoyed a rather isolated condition this tended to draw them together thus permitting a public exchange of ideas and expressions that many came to consider indiscreet and illilladvisedadvised under later circumstances the questionguestionquest on a thetho parentage of christ is the problem which commandedcommarcommacded the attention of president young but in his explanation of itito he created a new and more enduring contro- versy in regards to adams identity although we have listedhated eight questions with which we are concerned in our overall study theretharethenethane is in reality but one fundamental allaliailwembradngallembracingembracing question in connection with brigham youngyounga what did he believe thathe relationship to be between adamidadammdadanxmd god the father the father of all those born upouponn this earth this question austmustut not be lost si ahtght of in the nassmass of material with which we will now dealdeaidesisdealsdeais earlaearlvearleari reactions to the discourse 185618518218261822 6 the deseret newsonehewsnews one looks in vain in america for any published reaction to the discourse thissthis however is understandable in view of the times the isolated condition of the saints mdsndand the fact that the only newspaper in the terri-terrin tory in 1821852 confined its cementscomiments on the conference sermons to brief resresumesuneswaesmaes those whwwhichh lehiehach1ch vierezigrewerevigre printed were published 11 without any editorialeditorializingizing unless it involved civic matters on the newspapers part the particular session of the 18-185202 conference with which we are concerned was reported as follows the elders endandana brethren assembled in the tabernacle which was completely crowded after the usual introductory exer- cises inesinasprespros young preached several sermons on various subjects the holy ghostgho t resting upon him in great power while he revealed somesze of the precious thlthithingsnarsngrs of the king- omoldomolddom the millennial starinstarstarestaro in november 18531855 the millennial star organ of the british mission of the church published the full text of brigham younglsyoungyoungly sermon in doing so it stated our father adam the extract from the tournaijournal of discourses may startle some of our readers but we would wish them to recollect that in this last dispensation god will send forth by his servants things new as well as old until man is perfected in the truthatruth2 it may be welltowell to mention here that the accounts of the address in the journal of discourses and in the millennial star are identical in december 18531855 an unsigned articlearticlesarticle5a r tlcleacle35 entitled adam the father and god of the humanfiumanflumaneunan11umaneuman family appeared in the millennial star giving a lengthy treatment to the subject it said in part the above sentiment appeared in starst ar 1.1vomo 48 a 1ittleittielttielittle to the surprise of some of its readers and while the sentiment maymey have appeared blasphemous to the ignorant it has no doubt given rise to some serious reflections with the more candid and comprehensive mind 9 0 then adam is really god I1 and why not if there are lords many and gods many as the seriscriserdscripturesip tures inform us why

aseretldeseretideslDesesereteret news april 15217217 1852

2 11 latterlatterdaydayd ay saintsS a int s Lhllmiljl1enn1a1iennilenni al star liverpool church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints 1840 XV 780 3sasS VW richards was president of the british missionk at the time he may well have been the unknown authorauthorsauthor9 09 12 sltoulAshould not our father adam bebo one of thenthem did he not prove hihimselfhimsolfeifelf as worthyluortfhy of that high appoallation as any other being that ever livelivedd upon the earth certaincertainlyj y heho didL so far as hishistorytorny informs us unless we can xceptexceptexcepte the son of godlgodi although the article acknowledges adam as a god in the patriarchal sensesenso nowhere does it actually affirm that hhe is also the spiritual besbegbegetterettor of mankinamankind the tone and direction of the writing is wellweilweli11 expressed in this xcerptexcerpt in the patriarchal order of government achescheachosch md every ruler is independentindeneindepeadentndent iniiiliilil his sphere his rule extending to those belobeiobelow and not to thosethobe above hinhidhim in the same orderorders wilemileuhliewhile the god of annumunnumunnuxborodberodbeirod worlds is acknowledged god to be his and father y adam still maintains his exalted position at the head of all those rahoi7horvho are saved from songnong the holehoiewholewhoie family of men and he will be god over all those chowho are nadenadomademado gods from among maneemanewuenmen As the broatgreatgroat eloheimelvheim is supreme and airrghtyaldlghty over all hishiahla children erdardandana kingdoms so is adadam as great a rulerimler orOZiodkodpod in his sphere over his children and the kingdomoodwhdeh they possess the earthearth and all things upon it wedoeroezonedowedonero createdereated for adam and it was given to him of his father to have dominion over it2itait02 i fear bribrinbrinkethbringethKethngeth tormentatormentstormentsreregardlessrecardie as of the connotation put upon brighamyoungsbrigham youngs remarks concerning adamtadamaadani it is apparent that the doctrine taswasvas upsetting the theolotheologicalSical equilibrium of some of the membership in england that it was having a similar effect in america isla also truetrueg under the caption feariffeargiffear w bringethBringeth torment 5 the starstqrstnaretnar abnagnag n made reference to adam a week after the previous reference was published 0 it has been said that adanadadamedamam is the god and father of the huianhutanhuman fmilyamilyfeifel ilyliy and persons are perhaps in fear and great trouble of mind lestiestlost they have to acknowledge him as such in some future daydayedayo for our part werveuve would much rather ack 4waw nowledgeknowledgenowledge adam to be our father than hunt for another and taketalletaire up with thethie devilodevlio if these things have power to

op XV 80144441 illeimial statstav 040 citvcitcitacito xvixv0 boliboiibolboi8011801 21bidibid infrayingrayinfra pep 76769 13 disturb the pure mindmindtminds wouee aDDreapprehendhend that evenoven greatergreatcon tnoublostroubles tharthan these may ararisearldaa before mankindmarodnd leanloanioanleam allaliaila 1 the parpav ticulsroc ul arcarn of christachrichrist9s t I1 a incarnationincarnaticagnati on hovhohow and by whom heho wasurasvyas badlottogottonbaglottobogottonbo n the character of the relationrelationshipschips formed by that act the number of wives and alldrenchildren he had and all other elrecircu2i3tancselde otmcoz with enichwhichmnich he was connected sndand by aichhich he vaswas tried and tempted in all thirathinathings like unto nanmann whatever mwmaymoy prove to be the facts in the casecasocasey it certainly auldouldouidculdwculdwould exhibit a great degree olof01 wreawaesweaknessAmess on the part of any one to indulge in fears and anxieties about that which he has no power to controlcontrols facts still remain facts whether kept or revealedldevearevealedrevealed1revearevealedlyledlledi 1 the true meaning of president youngs discourse was an settledunsettledum question nothing that may be taken as official was forthcoming from one of thetiletuieuuie general authorities of the church until somew me six months later when franklin D richards a member of the quorum of the twelve apostles arrived in england to assume leadership of the british mission the london generalneralnepal conference in june 185418 a special conference was held in london atteattendedndedanded by most of those involved in the missionary labors of tte church in great Bribritainbtltainetaino the vimaryprimary purpose of the conference was apparently to introduce the new mission president to those with rihemrihomvdiom he ouldouidwould be work ing and to bid thethae ratiringretiring presidentprosident 3 W richards farewell in the course of the conference various nissinissl onarisonariesfonaries were called upon to report the status of their individual conference districtsdistridistrietsoetso three of the reports made reference to adamsadamo they ctheathe members of his conference districtdistrictsdistrict33 are lacking faith on one principle the last cat that waswazas lot out of the bag polygamy has been got over pretty well that cloud has vanished away but they are troubled about adam being ouourr father and god therethedethode is a very intelligent person investigating our principles andaladazadglad who has been a ozeatcreatgreat helpheiphe p to the saints he has all the works andruidguid can getgot along very wellweliweilwelill11.11 with everything else but thetiletlle lastlaatbaat tcatecatcat

libidolibidbibid deco 171 l831831 853t ppapoppo 82126821 26 141 and as soon as hhe can seesegec that clearly he will becomobeconiobacomo a moronmormono rillulii mozonmorminoMoruonomono I1 instructed hinhimhirahina to uritewritewrateL to liverpool upon itlit1itittlita relativebelabeiaRelativo to the principles recently revealed we havehavo not the slightest difficulty if adead&a1Iss being our father and god cannot be proved by the bibiebible151iyllyl bl e itit iiss allailalial rightsr t 2 I1 believe in the principle of obedience and if I1 amawraauma told that adam is our father and our god I1 just believe ita 3 it3it 4 in a memorial to S W richards vhho0 had been president of the british mission from maymayo 1852 to june 185418 the missionaries paid him tribute saying in part it has fallenalienfallenalign to your lot to preside over the british saintsaintfsaints r at a titime andend under circumstances unparalleled in the history of thetho vorkwork in this country the introduction of the law of celestial marriage whichruhwuh ich in its operationoperationsoperationspsp will revolutionrevolutionizelseiseize all olarourolupovar political religious and dome- stic arrangements and the announcement of thethathepozitionposition which adamoadam our great progenitor occupies among the gods have marked your presidency ass a special epoch in the history of the british missionmissionemission44 apostle franklin D richards horho was presiding over this special three day conference took up the question of adanadam before the assembled missionaries he told them that they should not let tha new doctrine trouble them aideideldcadaad he released themthornthermthemm ffromrom ailall11 obligatiobligatoobligationobligati on to prove this from the old scriptures forA or you cannot if you try 9 if as elder caffallcaffallailali remarked there are those who arearaenaene Ywait- ing at the door of the church for this objection to be removed tell such the Proloprophethet and epostleapostleM 0 s tletie brinhamblipbripbriphamam has de- claredL itite and that ittt is1 ththe word of the lord that is vvastlyas t2ta ys1crongerstronger proof than christchristendomendora can give for raluchnuchmuch hatthatt they proprofessfess to believe tell the saints that if this

1 9 ausauaana libidoebido1bido 0 XVI 4.4 482 remarks of elder honashomasthonasthomas caffallaliail 2 ibidsibiasbid p 48383 remarks of edenedereldereldeneiden joseph hall 350elbi3lbi350ididd p 53030 remarks of elcereldereider jarissjames A little

1 1 6299 1ibidb do p 629 151 stone doesdoasdoe s not seem to into the graatgreat building of their 1 fit 1 lafalthfaithralthith1 th just nonowv to roll it aside you can elphelpheipr themwhenn4 to olllollrolldolidoii1011L it aside ouout Z ofl heirhelutheirtheiu vaywaycrayuray so thathat they will no-not stumble against it while at thetheirtheinir dailvdaievdallydailydaliy duties and it willclavlaviaiili11.11 yi be but a very sholttaishort tinetimeie tillm they wwilialilwill1ilililiiail find a olaceplace in charchcrthoirChcr buildingduildi ag where no other stone hlllvlll fit then it will be on hand all right and dil111v111 comacomecorne into its place in the building without the sound of hamhannerhanmerhammerraerrner or chIsechiselchiselelchiselerleliel1 I the foregoing comment by franklin D richards indicates his loyalty to fresidentyoungpresident young and his acceptance of the doctrine taught by him but again in just what sense he accepted or understood the doctrine hhee does not say however the failure on the part of PF D richards and the missionaries to qualify their acceptance of adam as our father and godagod1god if in some way Is noteworthy less than a year later the niinilMilmillonzimillonnimillenniallenniiennilonni alstaistaletal5tstr carried an artlartiarticlecleoleoie entitled priesthoodpries Vhood from adam to osephjosephsjosephoJ it wwaas unsigned but since franklin adD1d richards was the editor of the stastar at the time it is quite likely that he wrote or at least approved it for publication it said in part if thsohs lord god has ever withdrawn frofromra father adasadanadam the authority hetehetoherehero bestowed upon him cqwichwiagenesiscgenesis 121191211.9 he has not seen fit to make it kaom to the worldworlds unileunliewhile there is nothing to refute the whole tenor of revelation sub- stantiates thethothemthey supposition that adam has continuedccntinuedto to I1beatbearcoatoearcoar rruieruleiffeyode over the earthearthsearthy and control the destinies of hishi neverendingnever ending posterityposterityeposterityaposterityea fromfrona the time he receivedroceivedrocepocepoco ived his co remissioncoraalssion in the garden of eden he has beenboenbeonboon labourlabouringing diligently to fulfill the instructions therotharothenothorp given him by the lord god concerning his dominions and to bringbeingb ing thealthem under subjection to his will this ailluill111 be fully accom- plished when every knee shall bo T aidaldendmidiiiillevery tongue ecnewegnewcon- fess that he Is the god of the whole earthearthsearthe then will the words of the prophet BrigbrichanBribrighanbrighaitighanhaltihaiti when speaking of adam be fully raalizedherealidesilyesil zed ft he is our father and our codoodgod sndendsmaema thounomno ononly11t god with1 vjhoi1 V EP heehveavehr a to 01doedoo0 having notnornonnow observed how t 1 ari god chy may adm thetho4a ffirstIr st narnamniada becbecanebecamee a uievieute inquire vhy not millions of his children receive the same godlikeI1 laouimowledelmourladsa

ao 1ibir1bid june 28 1841854 0 apppapoppo 534o53405346053450534 5o 16 and power

thus we have a succession of godsgoda from adam down to christ and his apostles at leastsleastobeasto alljilliii11.11 renrannonmenmon being in the image of their father adainadamadalu even as he is in the image of his father mdend possessing a similar knowledge of good andaind evil henvfnenvanen they 3activeaceivereceive thsth3ohs laysheyskeysboyshayb and poderspeterspoters of the same priesthood ndaldsndand by their works attain to ititss blessings they willowill like adam abrahabraham isaac andana jacob bear rule and dominion over their own posterity and have powelpower to redeem purify and exalt them also to like power and glorylglorysglory1

p in 1856185186 there appeared in a latterlatterdaydaysaint hymnal V published in england a nertnewneurnemr song written by john jaques an english convert to the church the hymn was entitled we believe in our god the first two stanzas are as follows vieyiayieyla believe in our god the great prince of his race the Areapearchangelhangel michael the ancient of days our own father adam earths lord as is plain wholl counsel and fight for his children againagainiagaibi welinetiue believe in his son jesus christ who in love to his brethren and sisters came down from above to die to redeem them frofromin death endand to teahteach to mortals and spirits thetho gospel we preschpreachpreachy it wasas not included in later editions of the hyalhyalhymnalyai in england nor was the writer able to find it in any hymnal published by the church in america franklin D richards must have approved it for publication since he edited the particular edition in which it is foundroundroundsfounds 4 there is a lapse of a number of years between the earliest available reactions to brigham youngs april l821821852t addresaddressandaddresssandsendand those chich next appear Seemingseeminglylytlyp nothing more

libido XVII nadenareearcheadehyarciioYarcmarchiloiiollo 185518 1959619519596096 2frans1infraniainFranlainIAin D richards ed sacredslopedv hyms and snsirltucllv sonsson for the church of jesus christ ofoflatterlattelatta day saiattsntsants llthlithalth111koh 16 stts ededeedw rev liverpool r6raF D rschrachr1chrichardsards is1656b P 37537 f 17 dealing specifically wihwithwi k h it was published until after president younstyoungss death in 187tIS

0 CHAPTER iliIII111 THE lerrleehLAMRLATER TEACHINGSTFACHINGS OF BRIGHVBRIGHAM YOUNGYOUHG

azAs was stated in the introduction the views of brigham young concerning the identity of adam will be treated almost entirely in the chronological order in whichvenich he exlex- pressed them

185218189185218591859 in discussing the pnces8procesgrocess by which menman gain their exal-exaleeexalem tation president young said in part 0 but I1 expect if I1 am faithful bithwith yourselves that I1 shall see the time with yourselves that viauraurexi shall imoeknow how to prepare to organize an earth like thisthid amowlmowamowwmow how to people that earthoearthy hovhow to redeem itito hovhow to sancsanesanctifyLafyify it endandbild how to glorify ititpftp with those who live upon it who hearken to our ecounselsaunsouns elso the father and the son have attained to thisthiathas point already 0.0 I1 am on the way mdand so are you and every faithful servant of god 0.0 6.6 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 after men have got their exaltation and their cromicrowns have becobocobecome gods even the sonsons of god ars mademado kings of kingsicings &midand&idid lords of lordslorda they have the power then of kropapropapropasw gating their speciespecies s in spiritspirito ande that is the first of their operations riithtyltyc regarddegardroga-rd to organizing a viorldeyjorldo powerpoorerpourer itis then givon to 0 o arzarzanizeorganisaryanizeanizeaniza the elementalelementaxelemenelementtaxtox and then coricorlcoriirticornncornnigneeirtienioenlo eneeanceeneoignee tthetho ornf4orgnmorgnMyuiyut I1 cnnqfof tabeimtebeuebe naclesanacles how can they do he x7xa1naf iacbac 27 havonavo theytileytlley to go 0 tlisltmt earthoartheartsaarts m an adam will have to go tharethath3re and he cannot do viltwithoutrloutblout eve hetieyie must havo eve to commencecorccorecone ncenee the work of gegenerationnoration andmad they will go into the garden V aidaldmduld continue to eat ardcaddad drink of the fruitsfruito of the corporeal world until this groso nattermatter is diffused sufficiently through their eolestbolestcelestiallaliallai bodies to enable thenthemthe according to established laws to droducopro ducdue mor tsitaltai fc bernacc s fofor1 their spiritual children

r1.1 this is a key fforrorcoror you theinne faithful willwi 1 l becomebab6 Come gods 18 19 even the ssensonsono of god but this does mtnotmot overthrow the idea that irelrewe hahaveve a fafathepothtzt r adaadaaadanadon is mjmy fatherratherratherdfathero this I1 will explain to you at some future1 tinestimestim0 but 4itt does not prove thlthatat heha is not my father if I1 become a god it does not prove that I1 harehaaha7hayee not a ffatherifatcatheriatherwartherwherIhenihenl 1 these remarks and thoethose made by him in his april address are quite alikealibeealikee in april he had stated that adam and eve bacamsbadamsbecamee mortal by partaking of the forbidden fruit andnd therefore their offspring lrewrewerewore mortal this parallels the awa w bovhovebovee quote to the effect that those exalted become an adam or eve to a new world whereon they partake of corporeal food until their celestial bodiesbodiesm can produce Itaortalmortal tabernacles for their spiritual children n his qualification that godhood doesnotdoedoessnotnot obviate the fact that he has a father and that adamdam is my father bears comparison with his earlier references to adam as our father and our god also of interest is his use of the expression celetcoietcoletialcoletcolethalcelestialiallallai bodies he had used the same term inip april in stating that adamadara and eve entered the garden with celestial bodies twentyfourtwentytpfourTwenty fourfoud years later in 1876186187 he is quoted as saying that the spirits were begotten bomborn and educated in the celestial world andvererandvereand were brought forth by celestial diesSboriessbodiessbodiesbo 2 in advancing ththee celestial body concept for adam and eve Bribrighamblanblamgiam young was obliged to reject the dust of the earth account of adansadams creation as given in genesis thisunis he did as folfoifollowslovis

you believe adam rasivasyastoutov imdeemdedo of the dust of this earth this

aweeweyme I1 ldosoretdobdoscretDos cretgret hewsnews sept 18318 18l8218252 fwe s Tjjecje 6 d a 17rs aj2j of D XVIII oct 1876 282580 20

1 Z I1 do not believe vnourtthough it is supposed tthatI1 l itI1 t is so written in the bible 5 but it is not to rylcyray derstanderstunderstununderstandunderstandingsunderstandingondinrpingo you can write that infoinformationaalmatmal lontonion to the statezvstatesstetes if you please that I1 have publicly declareddecideclarodapod that I1 do not believe that portion of the bible as the christchristianianaan1an world do I1 never uddid0 and I1 nevenevednever want to what is the reabondeasonreason I1 do not because I1 have com to understanding and banished from my mind all the baby stories my mother taught me when I1 wasvas a childechild1child3 in describing adam as the n chief managernanmanagerimanmanagernagern in the crea tion of this earth he said he was the dersondensonpersonpenson who brought the animals and the seedsseedboecda from other planets to this orldopidworld and brought a wife with him and stayed herherehemhero you mayruay read and believe what you pspid ase as to chatwhat is found written in the bible adam wawaswaas made from the dust of an earth but not from the dust of this eartheartho he was made as you aidaldai d I1 are made and no person was ever made upon any other principleprincipled apparently president young means that adam was provided with a physical body through the normal pattern of conception cmem

i bryonicbryonia development sadaadend birth since that is method by which tryoueryouyou and I1 are made god the fathergather of our spirits and bodieathisbodiesebodleBodie aThisa thisthib was the caption of one of the mostmoat farfarreachingfac reachirwreaching sermons in im-imasimam plication ever given by brigham youngyoungsyoungq speaking of the father of our spiritspirits 2nan he saysays3 he has been earthly and isio of precprocpreciselyisely the same species of being thattaerthed 170ese are anetherunethervjhthp adanadam is the personage that rieuie should consider our heavenly riatherfather or not is considerable of a mystery to a good manjemanremanro I1 do not ccarePlreire for one moment how that isia it Is no matter etherwhetherMn weiareiavarevayere are to cancon sidersidedsii-aercer Hhimm our godsgodygod or whetbotherr r eiselshishi father or his grand- ffatherslimsilm3 fforfopor in ethereitheretther case weinie are olneoneosne speciesofspecies of one fsmilyfamily and jesus christ is also of ouriourours speciespecies a

s bldglbidaobido II11 acteoctocte l83l185318511831 676 7 2 & I1 mooMmdd op ITI111 1851861856p 20 ra p 1c2 noo nr ilililIII april l86 39203936920 infinfra 3lnfr3inf uarluartuanaat p 21021 21

0 a fa 0 0 0 0 Q 0 so 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

v nonoinovi 24 to the facts in the cascase allaliailaduaon the differdifferenceenco tiv1- batubetube 10 1 2j cus christ and any other man that ever lived oron the fromduomom the days of adaaadanademadam until now is simply thisochisothis thetho faparhciho v after he had once been in the foshfleshy and lived as viewe livedlivevlivcp obtained his exaltgxaltexaltationtion attained to thrones bainedgainedga ned the ascendancy over princprincipalities2 Palities and powers andcand had the knowledge and power toc-ereaemea createrea U e to brinnbring forthforth aldandarldarid organize tho elements upon natural principles this he didclid after his ascensionascancionclonzion or his glory or his eternityeterrederr ity and wasas actually classed with the godsogods vathwith the binga who create with those whoho have kept the celestial latslaty whilewhilo in thetheathen flechfle2hfleshy and again obtaoataobtained1 ned their bodies then he wasas preproprell pared to coccomcommencenencemence the work of creation as the scriptures teach w it is all here in thetche bible I1 am not telling youyon a word but hatwhat is contained in thatthatt bookbools things vierewereweraeigne first created spiritually the father actually begat the spirits and they were brought forth and livlivedwithlivededwithwith him then he eomcomcommencedisneed theworkthe workworlsworis of creating earthlyem tholycholy tabernatabernaclesciosclos precisely as he had been created in this flesh himself by partaking of the course c3idcaid mater ial that was orgmizedorganisedorganiorganizedsedzed and composed this earthearthygarthygarth until bishisH s system was charged with it consequently the tabernacles of his children were organiorganizedsedsodzod fiomfromaiom the coarse materials of this earthearthsgarthgerthgerths elenehenwhen the time came that his first bomborn the saviour should come into the world and take a tabernacle thetche father canecano himself and favourfavoureded that spirit with a tabernacle instead of letting any other man do itito the saviour zanwaswanas begotten by the father of eiselshis spirit by the banebanlebaniebamesame being who is the father of our spiritssploplrits and that is all the organic difference between jesus christch adtast and you and nebmetngemc 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 6 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TJhether you receive these things or not I1 tell you tthornthommacm2cm in simplicity 0 I1 lay them before you like a child becausebaclause they are perfectly simpiesimple if youcouseeyouseesee andancanoL under- .9 uhethae god you stand tlthese4 se things 9 it ulliwill be by the spirit of will receive them by notillother spirit no matter whether they are told to you lielleilelikeilke the thundarngsthunderingsthunderings of the AIralmightyaimalm nighty or by simple conversation s if you enjoytheenjoy the spirit of the lord will you whewhetherwhetheirthelttheir they are right or notinot1nota it tell I1 heber C kimball a counselor to president young in the fifirstroltwolt presipreslpresidencyency madeiliade direct reference to the above address the same day it was given

J-1 bidb I1A d IV febedebsfebsfebo 187l18571871 21618021618216 180lal8 22

brobrotherthathe r bznighabrigham has talluetalluztalkedd herehede todayto11odayodday zso0 p1paplaina1 n a littleI1 ittletie child cannot niisunderatajidmisunderstarjd I1itt he amokeapokespo1spoa e about our fatfatherdezilhezil and our god I1 believe what he has said in fact I1 kno it often when I1 have beenboen in the prespresencepyesencoeneoence of brother brichanbrigaabrigadaBribrighanbuibul gaagasghan wewo would feel such a boulantbola7antbouyant spiritspir at1t that when tlerieriotreTJO began to talk wee could not express our feelings and sovsosop hallelujah n sayssc72 brigham glory to god savsayisaytsay I11 I1 feel it alaaldalftarftandandt I1 say it somesonne of the brethren kind of turn their noses on one sides ide at nie when I1 alamakemlake such expressions but they would not do it if they knew god such ones do not even know brothers Bribrighamshanishaanshann and heber IV if they did they would not turn a wry ffaceaceeeg at use 11 heber C kimlalskimlallfKimlkimbalselseisAllfs remarks are not only indicative of his own views cancerconcerningning god but they also reveal something of a division of opinion or at leastieastbeast of attitude among the member P ship that brigham young was also aware of this division will

be shorm further along in this study 0 one month later to the day president young remarked supposeft that one of us had been adamaadamadamg and had peopled and filled the world with our childrenchilahil&nonh theythoy although they might be stoatgreatgroat grandchildren & c still I1 say had I1 been ademadam they would be my flesh bloodbloody and bones and have the same kind of a spirit put into them that is in mea12me 2 he then goes on to say that pertaining to the flesriebciesfleshdiesh they vu uld all be his children and be required to give an account of their lives to himhimshimo he repeats the thought that god hasas had a body and been on an earth saying thatthisthat thisthib would be necessary if god was to judge men rightrighteouslyeouslybously he suggests that if I1 can pass brother joseph I1 shall standstanda a good chance of passing peter jesussjenussjesus the prophets losestosesrosesmosesdi abrahamabreham andallendallandend allaliail back to father adam and be pretty sure of receiving his approbationapprobation33

11bidtbid p 222 ibia2tbid69ibid appp 2717227127172072720 3lbid3tbid 23 A reaffirmation of his belief that adam was oarourur god was expressedexpress ad by president young in october of that year some have grumbled because I1 believe our god so near to us as father edanedenadamadarloadario there are manymenny who lmoimo1mamow that doctrine to betruebotruebo true where jaswas nichaelkichael1iehael in the creationerekaedezaerezation of this eaearthoarthgarthinthanth did he have a mission to the eeartharthaarth2 he did where waswas he in the grand council ariarlajlsundsondaund performed thehe mission assignelassignedassignedld him thereothertherdoe Nnowawsows if iti t should hahappenpen thatt hat wo have to ppayay tribute tto0 father adam thatwhat a wmiliatin6hiiilllatingh circumstance would 7 it belbeibed just wait till you pass joseph smith md after joseph lcletsus you pass him you fiillwillwiill find peterpetero and afterafteuaftwartwer you passpuss the tapostlesdostoostlesoostpostleslesies and many of the prophets you will find abraham and he will say 1 I have the keys and except you do thus I1 and so you cannotcanno uo pass and after awhile you come to jesus and when you at length meet father adam how strange it will appear to your present notions if we can lass1assaassp ss joseph and have him saysayo heneseneheresere you have been faithful good boys I1 hold thathe keys of this dispensation I1 will let you pass then we shall be very glad to see the white locks of father adam but those are ideas which do not concern us at present although it is written in the bible this is eternal life to know thee the only true god and jesus christ ahomwhomvyhom thou hashastt sent itittl1111l iletleinewe hwe already seen that brigham young believed that life was transplanted to this earth from other worlds and that man was the result of natural procreation this thought is repeated by him here let me state to allellaliail philosophers of every classclaass upon the earth when oi0oidoldgiadgicd 7you tell me that father adam was made as we make adoniasadobiesadobias from the earth you tell me what I1 deemdaem an idle taletaietalltalitaii e rhenuhenwhenV you tell me that the beabeastsatssts of the fieldwerefield were produced in that manner you are speaking idle words devoid of meanmeaningingeingo there is no such thing in aallali11 the eternities where the gods dwellodivalU mankind weareanaapa here because they aarleaileareile the offspring of parentspsrentswents viowhoeioelo teretorewere first brought here from another planet and power ivaswasuvas given thom to propagate their speciespeciesss and theywerethey were commanded to multiply and replenish the earth2eartha furtherFur tahertoher along in the course of this same address brigham young said adam ardandaridanid sveeve aadeareaeqe theghe parents of all pertaining to the flesh anda a-rid I1 would not say that they reareape not also the parentsoadentsrents

V 21bie 6 liblds9blabia 3312331 2 ibidibjd 0 1 VII oct l89li859t18991891 2856285 24 tri111 of our spiritspiritsspirits6spiritslsl6 18601660166018691869 president young made this remark in addressing some

lb 4 N woldswords of consolaconsolationU ionlon to the childless vjoaenwo nienoienolen of the4heaheL he church you wwilliiil 11.11 see the time when you will have mlinmilUmillionsons of child-childechildw ren abound you if you are faifaithfulhthful to your covenantcovenants you will be mothers of nationnationsas you illavillvvill become eves to earths like this aidmd when you have assistedlii in peopling one eartearthyah0h there are millions of earths still in thetho course of creationcreatloncreation2creations 2 ifheichea is using the term eve in the same sense that he used it in his april 1851821852 discourse then these childless women would be resurrected eves when becomingbecbeeoring eves to earths like thise theThathereforethareforethereforerefore their husbands would be resurrected adams to those 11 millions11millions of earths such an adam could hardly be mortal for

11 45 the dan45damdam of this earth fell for precisely the ffactaclacu0 that his wifewife had become mortal thus necessitating his own falifailfallfffall 3 president young made this statement in disdiscussingcussing the dissemination of theological truth 0 how has it transitransptranspirediredlredalred that theologitheologicalcalcai truth is thus so ix idely disseminated it is becbeebecausewasemasemuse god was once known on the earth amonghissmonamonamonsamongshibghishis childrench afof mankind as we knowknour one another lidren adadamam waswacw as asas conversant withW ith his father who placed him up I1 w biot on this earth as vewe are conversantd withith coniot earthly parents the father frequently eleeloesmecameoame to visit his son adansadanadamsadam and talked andan d walked with hhimamqm and thetche children of adahdaadanadamm ivereivenewerewene more or 3sas ss acquainted lithwith therthedtheir grandfather and their children vedewedevereiyareyere more or less acquainted with their great grandfather V and the things that pertain to god and to heaven were as muong mankind the ages oxistence familiar in first of their oziozlexistencet on 4thehe eearthyarth as these mountains are to our mountain boys 9 ljiidlajiibiibl depdop p 290 bibid2ibidibid VIII oct 1801860 2062080 32 nephi 222222222225252 L ibid IX jan 180218102 181.8148 sudrasupra p 2020 2 rj here brighamBIB I nhampham younsyouneyoung ilicitlyimplicitlymp identifiesidozatif lesies adaaadamadlamedlam asas the spiritualritual Z pvprogenitor0 o cengen i tor of hislailalaaiiai s mortalmortaltai ofoffspringf sspp 3131.31 ng korekouemouemo e ththanan tthatha t heho impiimplieses that ada-i likeiskei ke christchrchy st waswazw a 0 spirituallys 0ir4tually and physicallyohy scal begotten by one father oreoneona oodgodellelx for in describing that god as the grandfathercr an afatdfathe r sndandan a great grandfathergrandfather1111 of adams children and grandchildren respectively he must intend a physical relation- 1 ship between that personage and his son adaladatadamu as wellweilwelljwelaj latter

cay L day saint doctrine afaffirmsarnsurnsarmsurms that spirits do not begetC offsoffspringor ng therefore ademsadams father could not be the spiritual areatsreatlgxeat grandfather of adams progeny but physically he would be the

oregregreatat grandfathergrandfather of adansadausadamsadanadam s mortal grandchildrengrandc Nli 1 dren A purely spiritual interpretation would make the presidentpresidents use of the ternstermstemasteams grandfather and great grandfather meaningless and misleading the statement is an apparenta allusion to his rierearliereaearlerpierpler remark adam and eve are the parents of all pertaining to hethe fleshfleshy and I1 would not say that they are not also the parents of our spiritsspiritsbrits 11 on january 8 1861865 president young told an audience that should god appear without glgloryodyory they would not recognize him from any 0bfcb3rtier man and yet he is1 the father of all is above all through all andatidatarldaridid in you aliallal 1 he knoweth all things pertainpertaininghasbasLag to thisihisthibchis earth and he knoilsknowsknovisis all thinesthings pertaining to tiati22 nilmillionsnitmil 112 ons of earths like this likewise if christ should veil eiselshihis glory he would appear as any other man the president therthen asked his audience if they would accept christ should he 1 r antunt 1 coniccon4c 4 e h I to them underune taccad those conditionsdondit0ondit tonso continuingnum daciadeclaredeciare himselfhi seifself t

41 dies gebegebo ap 1 13113.1 89 1cac L 2deseret eltesdiews1tewsiles febo 1p1 186865 pep 138 f luke 338 aseret1 eseret ltes j feb 26

Ch A yoursyounsyouryoun this line of oughtthoughtchoughtchoughb brlghamelghambrigham S aagainC alnain asked andrl rd if you believed his wxdswwweds da would you not wonder exceedingly to hearhoarheadhoad that our father and god is an organizedorganiorgans sedzed being after thetha fashion of mansman s organization in every resrespectnespact such however is the case one of the prophets describes the father of us all saying 1 I beheldbehold till the thrones were cast down and the ancient of days did sitit ibchoseyhoseoceOGC barrentgarrentgarment vastaswas white as snolasnoysnop and the hair of his head like the putepurepupe wool his throne wasas like 1 I the f1fafleryfieryeryepyeuy flflanefianeflameaneame etcoeeccot c the proprophetphiet furtherL says thousandmthousandMthousand thouthousandssandssendssanda ministered unto him and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him 1tat etceetcoecce again and behold one liteilkelike the son of man ceneeanecameeeme with the clouds of heaven and came to the ancient of days and they brought him near before him kownow rhowho is this ancient of days you may ansceranswer this question at your pilapilepleasureasure I1 have already told the people but the saviour would answer the question as to the appearance of the father of us all by saying look at me for I1 an the very express image of my father in citing both Danieldanielsts vision of the ancient of days 2 and jesus characterization of his father as being descriptions of thetiletuieuuie father of us all no other conclusion seems possible but that president young has identified the father and the ancient of days as one and the saiesaxesame personpensonpersone therethenetheno is absolutely nothing in the way of a change in the continuity of thought orOP of subject matter anywhere in the entire address to give one a valid reason to believe herwiseootherwlseotherwise054oiw014 in latterlatterdayday saint theology the ancientawldwi clecient olof01 days andan&n d adam aradeareel but two namenamess or titit33th s fforfopor the aneoneome individual3individualindividuals 3 if brigham youndyoung did not intend for such an identification to be assedasbedassumed vhafcvanatvvnat possible reason did he have for using a wellweilweliwe ll lmowamowlmowq description of adam as he is to appear in the latter days to describe god the father if his actual mean- Jra iningn vaswas devious andarearaane caicaadlexcaiplexcanplex theur3 writerwrit or is knablunablunablee to understand

libidelipidebido daniel 79179749mm141 0 3 6 A josejosephjoseohoh fielding smith edosedwyedoyedbedoy teachsn7teaching of 13h Vprophetro ka pr L joseph smith isaltI1 saltsait lake citescitycitys deseret k6fiewsdiewswswS Pessressness 1946p1946 pi 7 2277

whyway at a later point in the salaesanesaraesame biscowdiscowdiscoirsediscourse se he remarked 0 it is as easy to understand those principles whenmneri the mind is opened by the spirit of the almighty as it is to undezundemunderstandstmastm d one of the simple lessons in the childschildechild9childts s reader first here are some of the ttwelveeiveelveeavee1ve apostles listening to what I1 have to say they have heard me speak at lenethlength upon these doctrines and they have been taught fronfromfroyta tinetime to titlctictiaalcZU0 fforfoprop00. 6 years pastpasto the speaker this mormorningaingaind possessed a sveetsweetsweat lov- ing spirit and gave us a lovely discoursed but did not think of thesethose things which have been told hinhim timatime and time again I1 would exhort my brethren to read the scriptures and seekgeek earnestly for the spirit of the almighty to understand them and this great subject at which I1 have merely 0.1 glanced iwill appear to thenthem in alslai01 simplicity sandsnd till1 allaliail its nd grandeur 0 i another statement not unlike the proceeding one was made by president young two years later on february 10 1867t186 when in speaking oftheofodthethe rinafinacinafinsilainsil1 gathering of israel heho saidsaldsaidesaidasalda they willwiliroill coneeonecome up tribe by tribeltribeptribe and the ancient of days he who led abraham and talkedS to noahkoah enoch isaac and jacob that very being will couecome and judge the twelve tribes of israel he liiillwill say you rebelled and you have been left to the mercies of the wicked 2 just when the ancient olof01 days advadam is supposed to have led abraham and talked totoisaactootooisaacIsaac and jacob is not revealed by the speakapeakspeakeredoeroedg there is no scripturascripturescripturalscripturatuna1 account ofadamof adam having done so at any tidetldetimetimeo president youngs use of daniel 721170914709 14 as being descriptive of god the father ouldouidwould provide a solutionsolution as to his meaning since it would establishestablishthe the ancient of days orOP adam asa s the one who tletieileledd abraham etetcr3c 3

4 ijo of D opapoqpo0 Ccito3 ogg XI 4142414142a42 a 2 1blumda Ppo 326l32613324322432 7

3rar01b I1 d a XIII 26256236 Sspeakingocah ing of trhechehe god rhochowhoho told 4abra-brzarzeioetoeuw bolig H ham to 0 0 upp isaacsaesacaae B yoizig dhorihowho god he ia to ofterf 27r6 is-issacisaaclasac yolig said is that n is my we JL s v hedherr V he is your fatbsrfatharaathar are elseishish offoffspringspining 1870187l870l876187018761870 187 I1 there are two discourses in this period both given in 18718318733873 worthy of especial referencereferencoo the first of these is undoubtedly one of the most specific plain spoken sermons on tho identity of adam ever given by president youngyoungsyoungo it is the more important because it cameamcame in the twilight of his life speakingspeak ing of the reticence of the membership of the church to accept new truth he said houhorrhowhouthozy pleasedpleasedwe we would be to place those things before the people if they would receive themthemi how much unbelief exists in theune minds of the latterlatterdayday saints in regard to one particular doctrine which I1 revealedreveapevea ed unto them and which god revealed to menamelyme namelynameiy that adam is our father and godG od 1 I1 do not know I1 do not inquire I1 care nothing about itite our father adam helped to make this earthearthy it was created expressly for him and afteraftertec it was made he and his compa-M nions came here he brought one of his wives wiwithth himhlinhisn and she was called eve bbecausecaude she wasas the first woman upon the eartheartho our father AadamraI1 is the mm who stands at the gate and holds the keys or0 everlasting life andaraanaarm salvation to all his chichildrenlarenicrenidren urhorhovrhov hayea a or whoever will come upon the eartheartheearthy Z have teenbeenmeen founfoundsfaultfounds faultuit laithwithvaith by the ministers of rellrelireilreligiongrion because I1 have said that they were ignorantignoranteignorantoignoranto but I1 could not find any man on thetho earth edioedlowho could tell me thisthiathib although it is one of the simplest things in the world until I1 met and talked with joseph snithysmithy in clarifying certain remarks made by his brotherbrothers joseph young the president said 0 lilydilymy brother said that god iiss aass werve are hene did not mean thosetho se words to be literally understood heH meant simplcimplsimplyyv thatthart in our organization we have all the properties in em- bryo in 0ourtw bodies that our father has in his and that ay1 literally11tera 1y morallymo rallyraily y socially 3 by the spirit and by the flesh weype ateareape his childrechildrennw do you think that god who holds tlethe eternities in his hands and cm do all things at his ileaurepleaurepleapleepieepleamazatmazature is not capablcapablee of sending forth his wmown children and forming this flesh for his onnown offspringC where is thet1ta mysmysteryteloytelny in this we say that fathefatherr adam cancamcanecamee i-leuehereheuelerelore and

1 einefa416 Nmews 0008 aseretdefeatdeseateseret newsrs june 18 9.9 187318733 pop 308 v y e- y 29

helheihelpedhellod iodlodtod to makeraakemaake the earth whothorho is he he is miciceeldeldeipel a great princeprinca and it vaswas said to hihimP by slonimslohimelchiz2 aoqo0 ye anandd ravemakeralemale w- earth what is the grbraatgreateat nysmysmysterytierytiedy about it Hhe canniecarne and forfokformedmied the earthearthsearthe geologists tell us that it vaswas here million of years agoagoo fotrhohotr do t2tatheyjeylayzey know they know nothing about lieitelioito but suppose it wabwas hereharoherohano what of it ldaadaadaaadan found it in a state of chaos unorganized and incon dietediegepletoopleton 000oooeweego adamadlanaduan canecame herhedherdhedd and got it uup in shkahkshapeoe that would suit hrhim to commence businessbu iness 0 11bhatwhatnat isie the great mystery about ititait90 none thatthatt I1 bave4avepavehave senseensoen ziatheuieuleshe mysteryytat in this as with arallesaraelesnirniraclesnidhdabdaAraelesclosciosacles or mythinganything elseelsaalseaiseeibaeibe is only to those rhowho are ibnignorantignoranteignorantoignoranto father adam carecerecenecanecame here and then they brought his eifexifeulfeulfowife uellueliwell says onpgnpon owhynwhywhy was ldaadsadaadm called adamadamvfvf he was the first man on the earthaearthearthp and its framer and maker he with the helpheip16 of brought heldheid 1 his brethren it into existence then he saidasaidvsaidsald I vantwant my children whourho are in the spirit world to come and live here I1 once dwelt upon an earth something like this in a mortal state I1 was ffaithfulaithfaithoul I1 received my crown and exaltation I1 have the privilege of extending my work r and to increase there will be no its I 1 end I1 want my children that were born to me in thethoVhe spirit world to come here and take tabernacles of flesh that their spirits may have a house a tabernacle or a dwelling plp2scepescece as mine has and where is the mystery nozinow for mother eve the evil principle always has and always will existexistsexiste well a aerteuncert n character came along and oaid0 aid tto0 motheeothermothermothedr eveve thehe lord has told you that you must not do so and so for if you do you shall surely dieidaeidiedledig but I1 tell you that if you do not do this you will never know good from evil your eyes vill never beble fpcopenedopc ned and you naymay live on the earth forever ndendand ever sndandang you will never knolanowbanow birdhat O 61s hatirdhat theohephe4 0 04ods imooamooo the devil told the truth nhatwhat is the mystery about itait9it 4 he is doing it today he is telling oileozieone ol01or two truths andarlaariaanic mixing thenthem with a thousand errors to get the people to swallow them I1 do not blame krothermotcher eve I1 would not have had her miss eating the forbidden fruit for anything the worlfio 1 would not give a groat 1 could in world I 1giveogive1 if I not understand light from darknessdankness la presidentFrespres ident young adds that manaztmanantnanman must 1know1nownow good and evil as the gods have learned it and he speaksofspeaks of the reluctance of many people to acceptaccept the gospel because of a iretreprejudicejudice rssach debars them of that liberty I1 havehavahavo in my heertheartheartshearte n of ttheh e sources of01 his knowledge he says I1 do not riantwant to be found faultwitlfault withat but if TI1 amCM JJ- JS 1tbid 30

11 ththea sssee tto0 nreorewmewe thereThe re iiai3s nnoc rrystoryrrydrynryYsstorytory ttoc rircc 1iuc waht & t 0godr d 0 iht me vihyt 1 1 L has revealed to P or in hot ihewechewe jeqrnedyd wncihcwilcuicr IL he r heshas beenbeonboon chrchrcughcugh josephc z f r n jn 7 ff i fu he holy sheetsch or theth 0 cplritri t 0off the loriloni no t nf have lamecdamecazana a thingsh i nzanz if I1 unccsfc&nciun er in P t j it porfocfcl it Is no mystermyciserynysnycmyc iserylvery7 to me thiszaiszaiz address has been quoted at length to establish the complete context of his remarks sacaaaancana to better reveal the overall pattern of brigham youngs thinkingthieldthinld ng not only in relationship to adan as a god but also in regards to the fall of adam from that divine status in the mind of presidentPresidentdont young there was apparently nothing contradictory nor mysteriousnmysterioust in his claim that two heavenly beings endowed with the glory of the godsygods could under certain circumstances and for a prearrangedprearranged p purposearposeappose assume an inferior and in the eyes of many an almost degraded positionpositionalei itait9ittss as though he looked upon them as players in some great and infinitely vital stage production players who had assumed major roiesrolesrolesnrolean for a tiretirsetime roles which naturally cloaked their identities but which in no way altered or deprived them of those identities yet these roles unlike those assumed in an actual play were not sheershearsheenshean makembelieveeakemakemeke believe they involved a definite sacrifice a sacrifice made in behalf of those who had been born to adam and eve in the tt spiritttspirit worldworlds n for president young it was perfectly simple there was no mystery about it the second of the two discourses was given about threethroe months later in it is the suggestion of a plurality of triveswives for adam just as therethare was in Rrespresidentpresident younz1younss discowsediscoursadiscoursediscowseourseoursa of aprilorlioril 1821852 inn which he spoke of eve as one

lrbidearbidebid 31 of his fivoswivos tliti111

when edher cameearnecarne L0O uhen fatherfa adan to assisassist in organizingor 6anizingC the earth out of the mdeemdecrudee materialnatmatmatchermatcoerCoercaer la that basivaswas found an earth was U 011 W ch man made upon.6 6 olioii which the children of could live after the erthedth wasas prepared fatherfatfalhenher adaaadan came and stayed here and hedetherethedeW was a woman brought to him novinow I1L am telling you here P sonesonasome L nr manmanyv oop you know son1eththinsthing that manv of kno J it has been tolda you and the brethren and sisters should understa-understandnd it there was T a certain woman broughtbroughlbroughalC u to father adam whose name jaswas eve because she was the first woman and she was given to him touo behisbe his rilfetifewife I1 an not disposed to give any further knovledgeknowledgermoviledge concerningconcoxconcoy ning her at oresentpresentsdrepresentoneore sent therthed is no doubt but that he left1 nanynunymanymuny companions the great and glorious doctrine thataftpertains to this I1 have not timetiziotimo to dwell upon neither shoeldshould I1 at present if I1 had tinetime he understood this whole machinery or system before he came to this earth and I1 hope my brethren and sisters will profit by what I1 have told the12them 2

18718777 it was in 1877 that president brigham young died althoughnihough there is nothing pertinent in his public remarks of that year there is one noteworthy reference to be found in the arrivaprrivaprivateue journal of one of the members of the church living at the time his nadaenamenaraenamananaa is L john nuttailnuttallnuttaiinutfcalls and his account is in connection with the dediea4dedicationoion of the st george templtempttempietemplee the first temple to be completed by the church subsequent to the expulsion of the saints fro-fronfromni nauvoo illinois in 1846 nuttallnuttaiinuttail speaks of meeting with president young and other leaders of the church in the presidents winter home in st george utah the netnernewV templetempie and the workwonkwrork performed therein being uppermost in the minds of the assembled uenuengmenmengmeny president young narrated certain facts in connection jithivithaithvith the introduction of the endowmentendowandowment ordinance by the prophet joseph smithS brigham

undaisuapraupra01a4ppe 6 ajo2jo of doppopD 9pcppp cit XVI lucluzlugauzaug 1873o187318730 167 32 young then went on to ssayay

1inn tthe1w ccreationre ato i0n tthathoha Goodsgods0d 9 entered1t ed into0 an agreementcgroement3r 0 0 n abouta b C u .9 t 9 i t ramg 1I 1 forming10lo rang histhisV earthsputtingearthslal4 putting richaelmichael 01or adeadaadani upon it thesehe 3 e bicqic thinesthings of chichchiehwhich I1 have been speaking are what are termedterLternned the mysteries of godlinessgodlinesc but they dil111 enable you to understand the expression of jesus made toabileahilevyhile in jeru- salem this is life eternaleterna1 thatU lat thaythey mightm Tahteht know thee the only true god and jesus christ whom houthou15 hast seltsentseltosento we vrenewerewore once acquainted with the gods & lived with thethenthema butouldulout wa iadhadlad the priviprivilegeieeeleee of taking upon us fleshcleshf11 esh that the sspillairioiri tmighttonight have a house to dwell in liveVQilie did 13130soo and for- got all anand1 cmcanecanacamae into thetha world not recollecting anything of which wewyawye had previously learnlearnedeld we havehavo heard a geatgreat deal about adaradam anandd eveeveoaveo how siedsledbiedjied they were formed & c soricouesomecomein think he haswas made like an adebieadobie and the lord breathed into him the breath of life for 17viee read fronfromifzlom dutdust thou arlartadlaptA and unto dut shaltshallshait floufeoufnoudeou ratumreturnpatum n asiccsicgsiq well he was made of the dusdustto of the earth but not of this oaroanganearthogartheth he was made just the same way you and I1 are nadenadomademado but on another eartheartheeartho ada-adornadormra wadenwakenwasenwas en immortal baingbeing whenvohenv7henhenhehe casoascan on this eaearthrth he had lived on an earth similar to ours oloclo he had raceivedreceived the priesthood and the keys therethenethereofof mendandmidid had been faithful in all things and gained hishis resurreresurgeresurrectionctionaction and hhisis exaltation andandaasandvaswas crowned vithwith giargicrgloryy immortality and eternal livesilves sndend llaTOSwaswaa numberedi with the odscodsgodsC folfoiforfofonl such c hehil- w bebecamecacanecameme through his ffaithfulnessai thfuine ss and heha hadd bebegottencrot ten all the spirits that was qsiq to come to this earths and eve2vav owour crcocorinioncoronionrinionymon mother wholwho tsI s the mottomot m r 0 t allalialtait living bore those srspiritspri ts in11 the celaeglaegiacelestialstialestial worldworlds andend when this earth vaswass organisedorganizedorganiovgoag anizadizqdsedzed by elohinu1phimephimE jehovah cicci0csicasic eilikilimichaelkilichaechae 1 who is adanadamadaraadana our calcaicannonconnonlonion fatherFath ci adanadam & Eeveve hadthehadtkehad tlethe PprivilegerI1pilegevilege to continue the work ofcf progression consequently cancamcanecame0.0 tto0O thiss eeearthrthnth aldandai-ildid commenced the great raozorkworkrk of farmingormingforming ttaber-abermaberg nnaclestittilacles for those spirits to dwell in and when adam anda adqd those thatththabat assisted him had completed this kingdonkingdom our eearthar th he eanocanocamecamo to ito sndaadand slept and forforgotz0 allaliail andanaladaranar beeartbeeamtbecamee it T 1 ikeilkelike1 anam infant child itjsit is said by mosesos es the historian bhatthatbaatjaat thetho lord cacausedlisadalusadaa itsdeepeeo sleep to catecane uudonupondooooooon adam and 1 took from his side a ritrizrib cndand formed tha woman tinthatt 1.1idam called ZsveVothiso this shoulshouldd bebo intardretedinterpreted that thetait1i e iianilanlion adam like allalia11 other0the r 1mameenmenien had the seedzeedaeedaged witiln hinhim to propagate his spec biecjiecie c bubutt notapnp the womanyonan17omqqyomani sheshaahaahn alialloiiivesoiiaacc ivesivelyelyo the eeda eeode d but she diodloCIOdoesdoosP S nonott produsproduopr0du0q iteito consequently she was taken from the side or dowelsbowels of her fatherfathera this explains the mysterydayraynap z4za44. y of0 f moseys1103bios a I1 S darkdar h sayingszzayczay ing iinn tegardregardre czarczan d tto0 admI1t da m andan d eve adam & o eve when placed on thisth 0 eathoathocth svedeweresvereweve itirrnortaihorldnortumorld al boins with flfieflefibfleshyE sh bonesbonos and sindossinuos tsicasic but upon partakingparjbarjU akang6ng of the 1 T arta L rahsrjhs u1ua fruits of the eaearthrta chileuhlievhilee iL thethlethia gagardenandgardengandenrde aldandarlanar cultivating the friougriougroundnd theirtheiztheia bedlbodlbodiess becbecnebeanezie chanzchargedchang ea fronifromfeoni ixlirtirmortal40 to mortaortalnortal& beings with blood courziscourznscoursingr throuathrodathroughh their veins as I lh to theaheL acactionti on of 1lifeilfeif a adam weswasivas notno underunider transtransgressiongre ssisst on uzuntil after he partook of ththe forbidden fruitf ruitutt this wasas necessary that they might bebo togethertogletherlethartether that nanman micmiuixiightr ht beebewbe the woman 33

kni111kwi 1- 11 susn was found in ttransgression not the0 0o sjsn csidasidgsicdooley HOT in the latlakiak rj otof sacrifice ziazieviawo havehava theha pronpromprovisopromsee se of a savior sndendand mmmanm m had the privilege and showedshot redaedied forth hishiahlahlohio obedience by offering ajlojlof rhezheuha firsturst fruits ofoff the earth and thitl3th3 firotlincrofir flings of0 thtiitiuthy s 1 flocks this as chovdngng that josjosursjosunstm viouwouldld coircorcoincolncon 3 cd&annd ahodjhodkollhrahr d his 0100dbloody ao&otourtounur Ilinesiines1 ina s xwithi it h nnothing0vn ing wbritton7rittonrit to e n 0ona tfchojjh0 j fatherbother adaadarsralr2l s oldestoideolde st sons orlozlozi jeusdesusjesus the saviour who is the heirhoirhelu of the family is fathefatherc adansadamsadamds first bedolbegottenbegol ten in the spirits istditi it orldaorldhaorld whocho CO according to the flashflesh is the ol01onlyC7 Y be cottontr ttenben as it is larittenwritten in hishlohio ddivinityivinievini LY he havinshaving gogonagonene bac into the spirit world andaridarld conecomacomeeoma in the spirit toLO mary and she conceived for when adanadamadornadorm and eve got throurthrouxthroughrh rritharithivith their work in this earthfilartheilearthy totheyheedidydiddid notlaynotleynot lay their bodies down in thethgehg1 dust but returned to the spirit world frcmfram 1 hencewhencevv they camecameo I1 felt myself much blessed in being pereittedpermitted osiooslo permitteepermitted to associate with such men and hear suchcidin structionsstructions as they savored of life tto0O nama

A there is no legitlegitmatelegitimatelegitmafcemate reason to question the general accuracy of this account of brigham youngfyoung s marksremarksre as it appears in the nuttallnuttaiinuttail journal the journal itself is a small one shawinshowinshowing the wear of many years the failure of nuttall to properlyoberlyproperly punctuate etc may be duedige to an understandable haste on his part in makingmalting the entry at the time president young was speakingspeakingsspe akings yet it is quite possible that the entry was made later possibly from notesnottes nuttallsnuttall9sNuttallsails personal comment at the conclusion of the entry seems to support this latter possibility since it appears to be an afterthought or an impression entered in retro3peetretrospects As for nuttallsmuttalsNuttMuttalsaisallsailsalis integritintegrityyo the writer can think of no reasonable motive why he ouldouidwould deliberately write some thing in his private diary one that has but racentlycomerecently come to

public light which was ununtrue15ruat0 0I1 for morally there doesndoeandoesntL seeiseelseenseem to be thetahatahe slightestslightesttightestightest blebieblemishblemiohishashlsh on huttalfhuttalanuttalltNuttallt s character he

ljournalaljournaljournal of Llo10 john NuttalnuttailnuttaiinutHuttalltailtaiilp provo ulautautahah BBZbrighamZ lghamelgham yoangyoungYoanoun g uniuniversityve rz i V libraryLibradyary 194b19s3t I1 febfabchebcpebfqb 7 187718771 192119 21 typedetypedefTyp ed 3A heldheidhold the offofficesices of bishop stake president and temple record-

101 11 ererlo he acted as private secretary to404.0tv o presidenpresidentlo10 john taylor 187918871879 1887 and president lfordlillford17i1fordlyllfordlYliyl woodruff 188718921887 1892 andrew jenson an assistant churchchitarch historian wrote of him 0 ldereideriderelder nuttallnuttailnuttalltali is one of the busiest men in the church and has dis- charged every duty imposed upon him with that sealzeal and fidelity a liw13l131 which characterizes gods faithful servants1servantsse P tii1 nuttall also heidheldhold numerous public offices including chief clerk of the state legilegislaturelegislatumslatum city recorder etc he occasionally acted as a clerk in the general conferences of the church2churchchurchy 2 and in taking of formal notes was considered extremely reliable intn fact he was acting as a sidecialspecialSID ectalecial secretary to president young at the time the journal entry in question was nade then too nuttall quotes nothing as ccmingcaming from brigham young that isia contrary to what he had already publicly said in comparing the nuttallnuttaiinut talltalitaii entry with the june 1873 discourse we are obliged to admit a definite similarity the private remarks of president young to other church authorities as nuttall has recorded them are to be sure somewhat in advance as to particulars of his public statements but they are not out of harmony withwit h them there is one thought expressed in the nuttallnuttailnuttaii journal

4 which merits analysis it is the explantexplanationexplanatI1on of0I1 how adam whomno in a state of mortality had alnymanylny direct offspring could still

D S LR opeopo ands jensonjonson LLO0 so btogyahicaan icelical bnccl dla salt lake city andrew jensjenejensonon historyki s todytory co 1901 isI1 555

J 1 2j D OPO C .9 .9 op ajJ of 9 citt 0 0 XXIII 9 5550 353

be thetho father of christchristy chowhorho is spoken of as the only eegot4ee gottento en son of god brigham young implies that christ is the only be gottengotgottentgottcenttent of adam in his divinity in other words when adanzdand begat physical offspring heho did so in a fallenfellenfailenfeilen state of mortality which precluded the transfer of divinity or immortality to that offspringoffsprings butBut in the case of the savior such a 6 transfer of divinity could tsutaketsuee place because adam and eve without actually suffering a physical deatdeatlsadad returned to the siritsinitspirit world from whence they came and reassumed their formeformerr glory and divinity3divinity 1 thus adam having regained his divinity endand immortality coulbocouldocould in begetting christchristy declare him to be the only begotten son of it some two years later under the dateline of thursday i matchmarchyatchyarch 66yay 1879 nulnutnuttallnuttailnuttaiiatall made another reference to brigham youngyoungg s teachings attendattendeded fast day meeting bicqiccsiasiosl CD serveralserveral dicqiccsicd spoke and the question as to adam being our father & god was presented I1 explained this matter as I1 got it from prest b3B qiaqiqi cd young and asiaslas I1 understand it this question has babeen on the minds of serveralserveral of the brethrenitthis since bro wandel mace spoke on it about a month caicoato030 agogo artardandaro gave a wrong impression gicqi3qia I1 spoke to correct him & set the people rightwhichrightdight which correction he accepted csicd2oliollo30030

A fefewpeww conclusions having come to the end of the less ambiguous statements by brigham young cmeerningconcerning adam we now turn to the always dangerous and equally thankless taataotaskk of suadsuarsuarizingsuinnerizingizing the evi dence and drawdrawingjing a ferfew conclusions tnishnis7nis belorebefore going on to

sursupasup ppo 21 9 cf genesis 32232224424 outfall journal oron cit p 2eae nut talltailtaii ras Prezpresidentpres ident of the canabkanab stakeJ of thetha church at the time 36

theto he views of joseph smith and other prominent leadersleadensle edersadersedens of thetrie churchchurchy at this point we are concerned only smthwith the four basic questions relative to president youngs views

nerevlodewere brigham younfzfyounss remarks ldisintemisinterpretedrpreted the answer to this question would of course depend upon weathewhathe actually meant to saysaye undoubtedly they hahaveve been misinterpreted by some persons the very fact that there exists differences of opinion as to his meaning proves thathatt for certainly not all of these conflicting interpretations are correct it is true that the original discoudiacoudiscourseme of april 9 1821852 could be taken in more than one way and if he had never mentioned the subject again his actual meaning would be a moot

1 point however he did mention the subject again many times thereforetherethene fore the liklihoodllklihoodlikelihood of misunderstanding him in view ofot his subsequent statements through the years becomes more remote this is bomeborne out in the comments of others friends and enemies alike giving expression to president youngyoungts opinions as farforibor instance nuttallnuttailnuttaii did the writer was un-unanunen

mid ehld& por able to ffindinid any reprimsndreprimandi edrin sn d fforthcomingortodtorthh c cin ffromsromdomrom brighambrida ahamgham young Pfor 7- 0 T IC 1 to 1 ascribing such Copinionslnicanic ns to himself theae Ssignificance9iai z C 6 of this0 1 a will be manifestmalpmanemanplestaest6est presently but perhaps it wasas not so much a matter of mizinterpremisinterpreto tattationflonslonshon aas it was of opposition soriasometimestimes opposition assumes the guise of misunderstandingmisunderstandings the concern expressed by the english missionaries in their special conference of 183285328632.853 the reassurances of fraklinfrankiinfranklin D richards sandn d thehe editorials and ararticesartic3sti c 2aaa s iinn theth e millenniallittialva i I1 enniv8va 1 starsteostyrstycsweo defdefendingending the doctllinealldoctrine allailali 37 op these indicate the recognitiorecognitionA in of an 0oppositionP0 si tion of sorts the neimembersnezeusousars were puzzled edenevenevernevarn alarmiedalarmed by this shocking nezinewinew concept

it was contrary to much that they had acceptedaccepaccey Lted as truth all their livesilveslivesolivedo and it was for that very reason that fo D richards had counseled the missionaries tohelptohulpto helpheip the membership olioolooi011ollroll it asideasidenabiden until it could be incorporated into their faith without A n the sound of hammer offC chisel that brishbrighbrigham young was alvareavrarearvare of a certdceredcertdl n amount of opposition to his ideas among the saints in utah emcaa be seen frfpcm such remarks as some ba-havehaveve grumbled because I1 believe our god so near to us as father adanadam 1 on other occasions he is quoted as saying I1 ansm hated for teaching the people the rayway of life and salvationforsalvation for teaching them i principles that pertainpeplain to eternity by aichhichwhich the gods wewerewece and are and by which they gain influence and powarspowerspowerspowervia pnppjidentPjgnp s i dentident kimball remarked that he had been told that some did not believe all that he said or all that I1 say I1 care not one groat vvInetherwhether they believe all that I1 say or hotnot bif&if they believe what the almighty sayssa S cand buildnotoifnotoffupolfoifthe kingkingdonkingdoqkingdonodonddonO that will content me 053 how much unbelief exists in the minds of the latterlatterdayday saints& in regard to one particulardanoaroanticalar doctrine which I1 re- 1I vcvealedaled unto thelathemtherathena and jliich god revealed to mme161 1 nameiynamely that adahdaadam is our 11atherfather and god I1 do not imow1mowsmow I1 do not ininquireauireouireautre I1 care nothing about itait4it like brigham youngyoungo we do not know how much opposition his views metmat with indirectly or othcotecotherwiserwisefwise being presipreslbresierpresier dent of the churchchurchy it is doubtful that he had much if anyyo

of Ddo V octoct 1871857 3310313310 aj3j A- 1L il X .9 albia2lbia2tbi1 s VII july 1891859 P 303 3lbidb a j 9 302 44peseretdesereldemerelu news june 18 1873 p 308 sunsunnasuprara p 28 38 given him publicly by the membersrnamb rs themselves nor would there be uchlluch liklihoodlikelihood of negative expressionexpressionsss finding there way in- to any of the church publicapublicatpublicarpubl icatklionsooionsolonsions to be sure there was opposition to president young andacidamid the church as such by non mormonsn 0 maximomoximo and bitter apostates 2 but this was of a rather general nature an opposition to everything iffmormonornonormon

6 however according to T bo heH stanStenStenhousestenhouselstenhouse1housel1 in his book the Rrocky0 cic V dountainkountainlvountainKounmoun tain sa-saintsrin lf s therthere wwasas one man who did publicly oppose brigham young in his views that man was orson pratt olnaone oftheof the more brilliant andana erudite members of the quorum of the twelve apostles of him stenhouse writesvirlviriviritesetese the mass of the mormon people do not believe in the adam deity but of them all one only orson pratt has dared to make public protest against that doctrindoctrinesdoctrine2doctrineeo 2 stenhouse goes on to say orson pratt for presuming to teach a deitdeildeltdeitydeltyy contrary to brignalbrighalBrighambrigham8nalsnars8 s adamadanlyadranly was for years upon the point of being sev- ered from the church at 1last ten years ago he was tried for rebellion on that occasiontheoccasion the author well remembers2 itorsonit orson pratt showedshovied a manilmanlinessness sndand christian determina- tion to clclinging to the truth that earned for him the admiration of every soul that dared to think and lweloveiove tltheja 1oodgod crivengiven litbilibbilibertyI1 rtyarty of an untrarxuntranmej3ieliieiileliheiiad4dd mind As the apostle stood in Bribuibulbrishamsbrigham5sshansshams little office surrounded by the other aposlapostapostlesiiesles of his quorum not a voice was heard in his suDsuusudportsupportport not a word was whispered either to encourage him or relieve his rackzackdackrackedGd and harrowed soul as he keenly realized the fact that he risked his apostleshipapostle ship and fellowship with the church when he had exexpressedPressedcressed his thorough comprehension of the rasponsibilityresponsibility of his position he told in words of unnis

lstenhouselS tenhouse became involved with the adostatapostatee oodgodbeitegodbetetGodbeGod beitebeltetet moveiymoverymovementent of 1868 and waswao escomexcomexcommunicatedtunicatedaunicated frolafrom Ibhetheihehe church in the pearpgar av bicbie aa laittbaittlatteror partpaabpaa2 t of 18691809v0 bothbetlbotl h beforeifoafo 1a and aftoafaoafto2 his exccrnuni cationcatton he was a bitter enemy of B youngyounrryouner B ho roborrobortsrobortcecher tc A cornnrehencornprehen siveve historys torvkorv of the Cchurchir eh 0off jesusjecus chrchrischrlschrtecarteIF t oiof1 lalatterI1ttexthexn aaaaystst W-I C news press V 1216b tsalfct lakeLa e itycitty 9 deseredeserett dewsdaws 1930 25922912259 2 p 2tbjtbT B H stevstenhouseousep tetihen rocky mountain saints newhewnew york D A npletorn awadagadrad co p 2 appleton4 a-and 1873 pt72701 39

tatakableabieable earnestness that ibrhenvrhenih rtvt 11.11 n the tteachingse achin isissizs ofot the biblebibie togrethertogether with thethae revelations of the prophet josephjos 1 2ah0h carecazecanecame 1 into collision with the teachings of brightabrighaaBrigbrighanheahaahen young iti-a was the decision of his soul that whatever the cost might be .1 ft heho ouidould1 cling to the former 1 in reply to this president komgyolmgyomg is supposed tot 0 have branded him withwichwlchA natural stubstubbornessstubbornnessborness end told him that he had always been ungovernable and had given trouble to joseph in his day 6 finalfinaifinallylys some thirtysixthirty six hours later pratt to protect his family and toavoidto avoid the stigma of an apostate publicly con- fessed his errorernaredropernau in oDposingopposing brigham young stenhouse adds

1 orsonorsonsoarsonss subkissubmissubmissionsionslon was painfulnfulnaul to his friends bubutL the thoughtful hoped for the growth and development of his soul outside the iron cast of infallible prestpriesthoodhood from thethe hour of that trial he was silently accounted an nAapostatecostateoostate and for vausparsaarsyarsyaus there was considered to be no temerity in diggingtaubat him from the pulpitpulpits he was sent to europe on missionrainaidai s slonsion andmad treated with marked neglect by the ruling au0horit1esauthoritiesmenauthorities men far beneath him in noralnoraimoral ardand intellectual cualitiesqualities he bore it all in silence &uldand&idid returned to utah getemdeterminediiinedirined to stand by his convictions of truth against the adamadaraadana dedeltydeity11ty his associate apostles tried to shake him out of their Quoquorumruiurutnruru and in their councils they did eveeverythinginythling to bullabullobrinabring his stubstubbornstubbornessstubbornesostubbornnessdornessbornesseso to the point of disfellowship afafteraften two weeks of nightly councils whileahilellelie brigham and his twelvetwig ivelve were journeying through the northern settlements in 1868the1868 the point was reached orson would not however recant even before the45he threat of disfellowship but brighbrigham at the moment entered the council and arrested thetho 6 last finalfinai action brigham needs orsonorsons s sermons on the boobloirbooir of mondonmomonmonuon polygamy and the prophecies and he fears his influence with the peopled the wrwrifewrifctedterer has been unable to verify thefeemee stenhouse accornaccounaccountpua to any appreciable degree especially in the particulars which are probably very much colored by the prejudices of stenhouse him- selfdelfbelf and in view of tlthe4eae fact that stenhouse had beenboenboon escomexcomexcomda Municatunicatedmunicatedmunicafcedted from the church some four years prior to the publish

ppeo 930 libidomawanimmwani S 49293492930492 93 bsd21bidbid appp 49394493949493 94949 40 insing of the rocizcroclcy7 mountain saintscain and that he raswas an open and

admitteda Uittedbitted enemy of brigham younsyoung his narrative must be vviewedA withwith dubdubietyletylaty mormon n T in his thesis 9.9 orson prattapratt early leader edgar lyon expresses the opinion that the adam god theory of BrgighanibrghambrignanibrighaniBr heahemham young probably played but a minor part in the contro 0 versy cited by stenhouse pratts stand traswasuras robbing the supreme god not adam of glory and omnipotence most24ost of the dartspartspacts which he was persuaded to repudiate have not ardyanyarry bearing whateverwhat evelnevelo upon

god .9 menme 9 butbut dealdeaidealdeaidaal with preexistenceproexistenceprepro existence doctrines of n pplantslants and snianianimalsmaisemalsamalse 1

sz his point is well taken S and in view of his more detailed tudystudy of orsmoramorscn pratttpratess life and teachings the writer is inclined ty aafedtaacedtaccept it stiistillI1 tltheredre were sonesomesomo views of orson pratt which to be maintained necessitated the rejection of brigham youngfyoung1ss explanation of the preexistentpre existentexis tent character of adam and thehe manner ol01of origination of his physical body this will be shown hereharehanehe re afafterafteuarterterteu the stenhouse reference to an interview between orson pratt and brigham young in the lattlatteriatterlatterslattertsertserys little office is apparently based on fact according to S V richards former president of the british mission such a meeting did take place on at least one occasion however the richardrichaddbichardbicRicrichardtsreichardtshardts statement givescrtchtcr2cra tthehe year as 1856 and not 1863 as stenhouse indicates possibly more than one such meeting took placeoiaola ce in whwhich4 eh event therethede is no real conflict between the tjotimu0o accounts in the

P 1 I1 IT o edgar lyon otsonorsonorson pratt& 1 a ut EerlyS r17 normonmormon10rm0n Lleadere de un-jn 0 4 pubispublishedhed eastersmasterss thesis dept of hurehhunchchurch history0 0 ryp ununiversityiver J 11 L y O-ofL chicago 1932 p 92 u diary of samualsamuel whitney richards we read tuesbues harchhanchmarchulach 1114 186186 evenincevening with the regency inn the upper oozaroomoozm of the presidents office exaozaezaitiingaiingabing csickcsic3gsicd the pollingspelling for the now books in the doD alphabetalphabetsalphabetoAlphabeto A very soriousserious conversa-convocconvoy sa tion took place betebetweenween prestprestepresto Bbo young and orsonoraonopson pratt upon doctrine 000oo Ppo was directlydifeectly opposed to the prestpreat views and very freely expressed his entire disbeliefdi2sbelief in thorn after being told by the president that ththings41lngs were so and so in the nanarnalenaier ie of ththe lorddordlordo he was firraflura in the position that the frestspresi s word in the name of the lord was not the ordwordw of the lord to him the prestpresy did not believe that orson would ever be adam to learn by ex- periperienceence the facts discussed but every other parson in the room would if they lived faithful Jjo a10M grant amasa lyman W woodruff albert carrington eilasellaselias smithsmithasmithy & robt L campbell vierewerewero present1presentipresentpresenta ol011 the context of02 the above entry gives us good reason to believe that doctrine in conesomecomeome way concerning adam mswas thethothle cause of the disagreement betseenbetweenbetseenzeen president yoagyoung and orson prattpr&ttpraat the presidentpresidents remark that he did nonott believe that orson would ever beadahbeadambe Adam 11 obviously ann adam 11 would indicate thisthisochiso president younglyoung1syoungaa public Commentscommentscomments on the viesvlesviews of pratt would indicate that more than one very serious conversation was held between the two men- in 1857187y brigham young denounced the view of our philosopher brother to the

god .0 effect that godts fountain of 3spirit fills universal space 0 and that every particle of it Is a holy spirit and that that spirit is1 allaliailallpowerfulpowerful and alloiseallailallwisewise full of intelligence and possessing all the attributes of all the gods in eternity 12 president young addedthatadded that orsor hyde had advanced nuchmuch the same thltheoryeozvy to joseph smith and that the prophet 7 0 laryiarydiary of samuel hitneyhitnoysxax richards l82h 1909 provo utah erigbrignanibrighanibrigharaBrBrigighaniharlharahama young uniuniversityveedity library 19419 it Ppe 15 typedtypcyp 21o210 26667266 676 D 9.9 op IV mar 1857p 2666 ofI1 cit l87187 424 2 had told him it is not true the president then went on to reprimand thetho absent pratt rather verelyseverelysa

with all the knowledge and wisdomwindom thathat0 are combiconbinodcombinedcombinodnod in the person of brother odson0zsopsonon feattprattpeatt 391111 heh doedocs3 not yetyot know enousenoughh to keep hishlohiohid foot out of itity but drowns hirahimahlmahinelfhirazelfhinelyselfseifzelf in his ouinovinoumovyn philosophy eveoveeverytieverytimeeveryoveryrytitimene that he under- takes to treat upon the principleseveretithat heho doesdoos not izaaerztandunderstandsunderstandounderstando VVthel thener heho nadnaswadevesewes about to leave herehera for his present mission dyattopatt had been sentsont to washington D C m dratt to publish theine seasemseesecfpD a he nadomademado a soleinpromisesolemnpromisesolemn promise that he rouldwould not meadlemeddiemeddle with principles which he did not fully adarztandmdoratandu but would confine hielfhiela 10lotol thethcjhc firstfiest prjlneprinciplesip1es of thetho doctrine of salvationsaivasalvasalv& tion suchfistristas viereviedewere preachedprea chad by brother josephjosophjozeph slilthsraithcraithSr aith and thathe apostles but the first thing that vowe see in his writings he is dabbling with things that heho does not understandunderstandiunderstandsunderstandistandr his vain philosophy is no criterion or guide for the saints in doetvinedoctrines in this sansamsamee discourse fresprespresidentpresidentident young spoke of the future tiretime when the saints would have the privilege of commencing the warkwcrk that adaradam coencommencedced on this earth and of being an adam on eartheartheearthy in 1860 odeaoremorson pratt did make a public recantation of certain of his views this quote is from an account revised

11 by him and the councilcouncil11 46 at the time I1T expressed thesethosethede views I1 did most sincerely believe that they verewere in accordance lohichwith the word of god I1 did most sincesincerelyralydeiydely ppooleppooesupposezu that I1 wabwas justifying the ttruthoutho but I1 have since learned from my brethren that sonesomesoma of the doctrines I1 had advanced in the seer at ashingtonwashingtonVj weweree incorrect naturanaturally11y beinsbaingbeing of a stubborn dispositiondisposftionaitsalts oosftion and havinghalving a kind of self will about me and moreover supposingsupponiinrt really and sincerely tthatna t I1 did under- 1 standaoi104134 ana wintwhat true doctrine wastasvas in relation to those popointsantsnts I1 did not feelyeel to yield to the judgment of my brethren they were errors 2 but 1 error believed I in error2 he furtfuntfurtherlierlleriler says that none have the right to go contrary to the

n 1 vvieiraviei7ale iv4sivas of the living oracles and that god requires the sasaintsami1mi s

iblbido96o960 joggog 4 26026041ZT41 aalaai2112.111 20 deseret iletITCV gj july 25 186018600 43 to sustain siisliallsiilsillalil of the authoauthoritiespities irin their varvacvariousiouslous ca21nzcallingss pratts closing thought reveals somethingomehing of the tremendoustromandous effort his renunciation had required I1 do not know that I1 shashallshali01 be able to carry out these my 1 views V butoutoue these are present determideterniinationsinations I pray that inaylmayimayI1 naymay hare the grace and strength to perpenperformforrform this 1 I1 1 I1 feelfeel exceedingly voakweakwoakveak in regard to thesethesa44he se maiattersbatterstter s under the published account of orson pratts recanfcarecanta4w tion is a statement by the first presidency in which they cite sane of Frattspratts ideas considered by themthom to be false or questiquestiondoquestion-ondo bleableabie among those delineated viewe find with regard to the quotations and comments in the seer as to adamsadam s having been formed out of the ground n tedaedand from thetholthoe dust of the ground T & c it isiz deemed wisest to let that subject remain without further explanation at present for it is writtenwl itten that were are to receive line upon lsne11 ne according to our aid capacities and the n faith 2 circumstances attending our prprogressesogres S 10 whyviny the first presidency made the above statement appears 0obvious0vious in the light of president youngs belief that god createdtcreatedocreated man as wewo create our chitchilchildrendren for there is no other process of creation in heaven on tbsthe earthearthygarthy in the earthearthy or undeunder the earthearthy or in all the eternities that is that were or that ever will beabeobeg ftcft3 five years later orson prattprattt was aodaaoagaindn under fire from the president of the church iffewe have persons in this church whoho have preached and pub lichodliahod112hod doctrinesdocdoe trinos on the subject of deity which areameraeua r true dicierdacierF iclericieracler ororsonoreonon prattpigattP has written extensivelyexten Nely33nely33 on the doctrines oiloll this c1aurchchurchy and uupondonoon this oartieuieparticular doctrine ehenwhen he arillwrillwriteses arideriderldenidanid speaks upon subjects with aichhichwhicnwhich he is acquainted and undezundemunderstandsrstrstandsands he is a very sound irrosanerrosonerazonearroazosonerneAr batbut wthenthelzhelen ihihlehe6eae

c off PD XI jc 156 122 sunsahsuhsu n p 23 44 has wbrittenwrittenitteritten upon mattardmatters of whichw kdkd eh he lnorknorknowsTs nothing m3mahyshyc povmrn w L d14d bvm phiiosophilosophyohy which I1 call valnvainvv tn philozopphilosophyhy he is wild 9.9 ununcertainc ez tai n m-aidaldd acontradictcontradictoryo0ntr OZ d i ct0oryory in aallaliail11 myinny publicraubrjub L i c niniministrationmini stra t1ta on as a minister of truth I1 have heverneverneven yet been under the necessitynecos sity of preachingr lievingbelievingba or practicing doctrinesdoctrdocar llo thatth t are not fully and clearly betsetnet forthfolfouthfor th in the oldoidoid and newnow tasttesttestamenta ssp book of doctrine and covenants and the book of mormonneitmeit1 the sesame issue of the deseret nesneibnei7rs from which the above quotationquotationwaswas taken also carried a lengthy statement signed by the first presidency and ttheilielleae quorum of the twelve apostles re-dewrempew proving orson pratt for among other things publishing a book jojosephseehseph seitlsmitlsmith the prophet in england they declared it to be full of errors saying that pratt had not informed thenthem of his intentions before publishing it they then quoted from various other writings of pratt branding them undoctrinal among the many things which they said we firdfindyird ththiss wovule do not wish incorrect and unsound doctrines to be handed down to posterity under the sanction of great nesnames to be received and valued by future generationscrenacrenerations as authentic snd reliable creating labor and difficulties for our successors to peiperfomperfumpezformpez formyorm and contend with which we ought not to transmit to them the interests of posterity are to a certain extent in our handsnanas 0 errors in histohistoryry and indoctrinein doctrine if left uncorrected by us who are conver-converawaw sant withith the events sndand who are in a positionp03341 tion to judge of thathe truth or falsity of the doctrines would go to our children as though viewe had sanctioned and endorsed them such a construction could very easily be put upon our silence resoectrespectingrespecting them andsundaund vtrouldwould tend to perparperplexolex and mislead posterity and make the labor 0off correction an we vo 4 exceedinglyexeeexec a ingdingd Y didifficultyeficultymculty oleoneonaonca for thenthewthemme e know whatrha sanctity there is always attached to the wriwritingsklings of nanman who have passedsse away especiallyes cecialloeciall y to thehe writings of apostles when none of their ccontemporariesnteoorares are left aadand wewa tthereforeerelpore11enelerelPoreeonepone V L feelA thehe necessity of beingj watchwatchfulul upon hesethese pointsoc ins personal feelingse eilgil n L andan a friendshipsprerdspreedsPrpreroseedserds iinsidsns sndand associations oughtou t i e 10 Y we tottofcotco 3sinkzinknk into conparitiveco oarldarl lo va insignificancensfns4nse cance and have no0 o weightizaiz2 t t vievigviei717 of consconsequencesequall ce 3 so sioientusI1M tastus to the peoplece oo and in 4 iringdcni of godgo a asF B theseL 2

deseretr ia haeshewsnaes kugustaugastaugustaugusguz t 2323 1861 J p 370 2ibidebid TIthea articleart 1cleicleicieacle quotedrequoedrequitedrequotedreA the atcrmientstatements4sa of thehe first presidencypreslpresi icr ey in regardsQ to 1adanadamdandam being nademadermadeamade olof01 tltheia dastdust of the earth exactly

4 as4 s itlt hadh d appeared in the deseret yess fivef lve years ppreviouslweviouslypreviouslyoiyolyo the seer the great first cause ft and certain articles by orson Ppratttat t on naeunethecae eoyhoyholy spirit were dizondisownedned by the churchchurchy liialiallali do- ctrinalalqly inalinai ideas were to be submitted to the fifipsry st presidency before 6 beinebelnebeingbaing published orcv the loss of priesthood mihtmightmi ht possiblyoossibloos sibl y fol- Ilow1oz for only one man was authorized to receive revelationrevelatrevelant lonionaon1on for the church Bribrighamghanghen young orson pratt accepted the decision

of the authoauthoritiesatiasitias and asked the 4oeoplepeoplekeople to destroy his question- able writwritingsuingswingsmings as suggested by the first Fresipreslprebipresidencydency 2

I1 vaswas Brigbrighamharnhannhand young misquoted it is the writers opinion0 that the answer to this potest question is a categorical no there is not the sllslisilslightestQphtest evidence fronfrom4 brigham young or any other source that either his original remarks on april 9go 18518218120 or any of his subsequent statements were ever misquoted in the official publications of

1I theI1 oh e churchurcheh the orson pratt affair makes it eriinentlyerainentoly clear that

I1 imyA bresicpresicpresidenttent young was vervewveryly much concerned thatV llan t nothing chichvhich he considered to be incorrect doctrine should be ppromulgatedr amulomul crated by any of the charchchurchchtxchtach authorities nor- was orson pratt the only one whose errors were attacked there were others also we have foolish eteEleeicensensers and I1 have had to coracorncowacontendcoratendtend time after timetimatinio azainagainstst60 theirthein foolish doctrines e one of olarourotar

kuprseprauprs Psp 4433 & 2 millennialrajrnj 1 Sstorsmorsmon 0 tltaltt XXVIIXA ta141.4 ovV 186td 6c8gob 46

iz ag s d1l r nostt inintolllgonttellteli 1g antdnt apostlesapo tl es in oneono 0off hishiohlo discoursesdal s cruzsccuzs e i loftlort1 of t the people erntentirelyirelydirelyd in tho darkdanh vrlthritllriall recardregardrornernorrrzrd to jacob andund eauesau 1sndand heho nevernevornovornevennevon understood the dirdifferencediCference bettbetibetweenregnreen foro knoriknorl edgeledgeledgaedga and foreordinationforefone ordaord1ordinationn alion forefone knknoknovledgeknowledge1 l edge and forefozefodefoye ordlnaordana tion arcareanc tirotiaoti7o Qdistinct drinclprinclprinciplesDlesies and agalaagain I1 have had to contendconicont oendbendvend againstartaarra instdinst what Is called thetahtt4ht babyitbaby resurrection do- tctrineZ 1 na 1aichchichbaichvhich1121 as hasilaslias beenbeonbt en taught and indulgedindzdc eq by some Is oileolleolteone of01 theondaonde nostnosmostMOS t absurd doctrinesdo ctpinet s thattha t can be thought of havingHavi ri o- hadllad1 these foolish doctrines to combat I1 alnamarmaam not willing that the idea should possess your minds that the body Isilsirs neitherneil ther here nor thero and that the work of sal-salom vation Is entirely spiritual1spiritualspirituals 1 in the light of bright youngsyouryoun s attitude toward the errors of others and in view of the division created by his remarks concerning adam it would be stretching ones cred- ulity to the breaking point to believe that he would have remained silent had he been misquoted to the contrary we could expect him to be rather watchful of the manner in which his addresses were published in the official organs of the church that he was may be gleaned from these comments by him concerningconcconeernins his discourses I1 say now when they arearo copied and approved by me they are as good scripture as is couched in this bible and if you want to read revelation read the sayings of him rwhoqoao knows the indmind oofopP god wvwithoutt out any special comand to one man to go here and to another to go yonder or to do this or thatthalo 9.9 or to go an settle here or thereonthereo2thereof I1 have never yet preached a sermon and sent it out to the enildrenlidrenchildren of menn that they may not call it scriscriptureoturecoture me have the privilege of correcting a seaonsemonsermon and letlot une it is as CPgood as they deserve the people have the oracles 4 go of0 L oodgodd continually 0 letD t this go to the people with thus snaithsalth the lord and if they do not obey itits louwillyouwillyou will see the chastening hand of the lord upon them3thema P n youngyournyouen ue con- esidentresidentpresidentes ident cC did not hesitalhesitate to cite what he sisidereddereddared to be the falsefaise ideas of odsonorson0 dzonasonzson prattpralpratit by chapter and

I1 r r 136w Jaj4j 0 of0 D 0900opoogo0 ccitacitei t IXixpimp 2286

23bbidd y XIII 264 3pesoretdeseretdesezetDes eretezet neconewsnowsmevs P feb 2sas2y 1870 47 verse0verseversea 0 had erroneous teachings concerningcon cerning adam been advanced duadaaduo

mlL young to the zquotingmisquoting of his addresses brighamCD would surely hhavea ve forredreferredre to those misquotations at sometime or othershealcherothersolcher he never did the attitude of0 f theuheL president and his associates concerning doctrinal errors has beenbeanideenidean previously quotedquotedelquotedeledwiedgi

1 briefbrieflyy they affirmed that theydidthey did not wish incorrectinco rtrectA and unsound doctrines to be handed down to posterity under the sanction of broatsroatgreatgroat names errors in history and in doctrine if left uncorrected by us would go to our children as though we had sanctioned and endorsed them such a construction could very easily be put upon our silence resperespectingeteA ng themorethemowethethememoweaweowe therefore feel the nacesnecessitysity of being watchful upon these points thetha complete absence of any realrepeaipealal evidence to the contrary obliges the writer to conclude that Brighbrighamzarazarn young hasnothas not been misquoted in the official publications of the churchchurchy

nvehatwhatat was the source of brigham youngs views 87 the two quotations on page forty six along with others make it evident from his own renarremarksrenanremarks that president young sincerely believed that he was receiving revelation for the church if we do not speak to you by theune e3easpiritciritoirit of revelation and the power of god eieeleviewo do not magnifmagniamagnifyy our calling I1 think that I1 tetellteliteilll11 you the wordss of the lord a1aaalmighty1 ughtyaty every time I1 rise hereheroheueheneheno to speak to yoacouoyouyouo I1 may blunder in the use 4- aj0jofP dheuhe engishenglish1 langaarlanguarlanguage7aaa but suppose I1 should use language that vvouldwouldoaid grate on the earsgarsgaus of some of the learned ahatwhatwhata of thatchat god emcanean undersunderstandI1 and iityftpttyt aldsndandd so coulcouldd you if you L 1 hadr ad thehe Spla 0of tthehe Llorddord0r d 0 0 1I I1 ddo0 nnot0t sspaakspeakD a ak hereheneher a bby spiritt f 4 iftf 1 the power of godjgodagodq if itlt is not revltrevitnevitreveltrev 46pwaawap ionlonitionaition to you everytimeeveryeverytimmetinatinetimetimme I1 speak to yolayou here I1 do not znifyunifymagnify my calcaicallings1incr2

sudrasuntasupra POp 4504545.0 2 2sas D O 4 f of0 op OTof7g oitaoitvciteitelt IX 9.9 140410140illili 410l 8

150 1 1 1T w1 1.1 n I wishI sh to ask you a cuquestionestion do this people knowhownow ahetvhetraetherhetheherheuAI L tthey have calvedreceivedra1 any revelation since the death ofoj joseph as a people I1 can you that you receive them continually tell 0 0 0 a 0 9 Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 9 0

tim110 ifI1 f it1 was necessary to wrvultewritewutteitratr thenthem viewe would write all tthe4e tiraletifjoairale we would rather thetho peoplepeone howeverhowevorevenevon would llvaliveilva so as to have revelations for themselvesthomselvesy andandlandt then do the work zave are called to do that is enough3porenough forfod us can any of you ththinkink of any revelntrevelationsrevelantionslons you have received that are not written you cancanftcanet1 it has been obse-observedrved that the people want revelation histhis is a revelation and wedewerewavewerg it written it would then be a written revelation as trulyurulyasfurulyasas the revelations aichhichwhich are contained in the book of doctrine and covenants I1 duld vivegivecivev lveive you a revelation uuonuponon the subject of paying your tith- ingng abieviawlaidaadd buildingbuibul idlidi n a temple to the name of the lord for the light is in me2meamezraaraenaa in a sense there were two sources for the revelations which brigham younsyoung claimed to receive one of these was the prophetlosephprophet joseph smithsmithssmithy the martyred first presidpresidentent of the churchChiarch the year brigham young died he said frofronpronpromrn the first time I1 sovsawSOY the prophet joseph I1 never lost a word that oaiecoieoalecaaecame fucafrona him concerning the kirgkirgdomkingkingdomkingdomskingdomodomdomo and this is the key of knowledge that I1 have todayto day that I1 did hearken to the words of joseph and treasured them my up in my heartheartyV laid them aujayanayaway askinsasking father in the name of his son jesus to bbringing theithelthe i to my mind ehenwhenvenen needed I1 treasured up thezuevue things of god and this is the key that I1 hold todaytowkaytowaay I1 was anxious to learn from joseph and the spirit of god3goda on hethe1 same occasion he said that he had taught many things not loundfound in any of the standard works of the church but that when

I he had spoken by the power of god andend the holy ghostygnostagnost iiiitL0 is trultruthh it is scripture and I1 have no fears but that it will

1 T- jagjayy POC vai C 2cohnjohn A desoe ede dicT s 30113sa s 0of zh- n Yyounsyoungp n dsoeidtsoe cic 7 brichci salt lake city delaratdesaratdesoret boolbooibook coaco 1519 r0rabyj pe 39 3do3oret howsnews junejuno 6 1877 po 274274eS e 49419 asleeasreeagree with all that has boon revealeddevarevapevealed in every particular ft ailaauapu twenty years earlier president young told an audience what I1 have received from the lord I1 have received by joseph smith he was the instrument made use of if I1 drop him I1 must drop these principles they have not been revealedrevealedrledS declared or

eplaexplainedined by anany17 other man since theL he days olof01 the apostlesapostlesoApostiesoleSo the second source of brigham youngtsyo gt s revelations is of coursedcoursecoursep god himselfhimselfehimselfeseife that is likewise manifest in the foregoing quotations from his addresses in so far as the source of his views on adam are concerned it might be argued that these also camecarnecanne from the same two sources joseph smithsmithy and god at least it was to these sources that Brigbrighamharahana yolyoungumroumrx ascribed his knowledge of the subjects and that he felt that he had revealed more than had previously been knomaenoma information that went be-bem yond what was then understood regardingregardingadamadankdanadam can also be gath- ered from various statements on his part of which the following is an example and I1 iqllxri11itll say as I1 have said befolbedolbeforee if gulitguilt before my god and my brethren rests upon me in the least it is in this one ththingsng that TI1 have revealedrevepeveledaleda too nuchmuchrauchmauch conceconcerningML insing god and hhisLs kingdokingdommP and the designs of our fatherratherJ in heaven if my skirts are stained in the least with wrongwrongs it is because I1 have been too free in tellitellingncrnryncy who oodgodCTod is how he lives the nature of his brovproviprovidencesprov dences and desidesignssnelsnowgnew in eatingcreatingc I the wridgridworld in bringing the10 he hwanhmanhuman family on thethlethie earthearthy his designs concerning thentherrthemthera etc if I1 had 0 O like paul any man be ignor4w ft saidcoombutsaldsaid but if be ignorant let him ignorant perhaps it would have beanbeen better for the peoplepeopjo0202 in spite of the above sentiment by him in lq60y1860y he continued to discadiecadiscussres whotuiivituvrhoho god isiani8n from time to time for the rest of his lifeilfefewfow1 4 foo

D op nie J of do cit 9 vioVI 279 hie principles to which he referrererrecerreferrednedhed are those involved in thefheaheohet doctrine of eternal marriagemarmapr4ra age aseret2desereteseret kesnesnews june 2727027.0 1860 500

perhaps the one best statement by Brigbrighamhanmhamm young indicating the

virs .6 hz dual source of his uieulevieviews vasas nademademede by him inL 18737873l873i6 itt s been

c1ca 7 u4ua previously quoted at lenrrthlenarthlengthit in this theelthesathes1thesis inn iitthehe saysays 6

1 cas ints koI low much unbelief exisexistsCos inia J the minds of the latterlattenlatterdaydeyday saintssa 1nts intimdim regard to one particular doctrine which I1 revealed unto them aandnd whichwh i eh gogoda revealed to merne namelynameiyname lathatlythatthat adamadaraademadernadena is our father and godigodgodl I1 do notno4noa know I1 do not inquire I1 calecare nothing about iteait4ait 3eaeaeae goegoess on to speak of adam coming to this earth with one of his viveswiveswi1resn and of adams preeminenceproeminenceprepro eminence over his children etc after which heh says & tilttlIII111n could not find any man on the irthearthe who could tell me this althousalthoughh it is one of the simplest things in the world until I1 met and talkedbalked with joseph snithsmithsnithesnithysmithy doubtful we could prove objectively and it is if i conclusively to the satisfaction of all where brigham young obtained his views regarding adam T B 11 stenhouse said that he got them from heber coC kimball an extreraelextremelyy question-

able V and in sanesome respects even ludicrous suggestion others have offered other possibilities equally lacking verlveriverificationcationcatloncicationcibationCi the writer does not pretend to lmowknowoknowd all that can be said is that brigham young claims joseph smith and godsgod as his revelacevela tors if one is inclined to accept the word of president young then theune problem is solved if on the other hand one is inclined to doudoubtot hish as1s claims a search for an answer to the problem must be made elsewhere the results will probably be dizappcintingdisappointing

u011uppa 9.9 p 2820

10 51

ehatwhat liddid briebrigbrighamhariharlhami young believe before summarizing the beliefs of brigham young as the writer seessaes them it will be well to cover a few preliminary but important detailsdedalis first it should be recognized thatthat the innermost workinwodkinworkingsss of a nasmasnantsmants mind are to a degree sacro janatjanctS an c t beingbe iin g sos ov thezttheyhey ararearge Ilargely1 sr geI1 whidderyhidderhiddenn fron the probing eyes

4 1.1luru11 4rar and tithesese S of0 othersotheus0tr-er st ununlessI1e t61 hehe Mzalaalnanaralr1l 11himselfcelldelodeio CchoosesCC ozes to400 reveal ta z thezthenthan becausecause of this P we zustmustu-st assume 1.1 thothoughu8nuan Ssonefcies0 e t1 e S erron-e 0n eously that a man believes what hebe most clearly and most often

SO saysay S 16 the writer has done this in the case of brigham youngyoungs notmot because it is the simplest way to handle the matter but because the writer believes that it is the only way to do soesooso to attempt to deal with president youngyoungsts staterstatementsmeltsments subject- ively using a certain amount of longdistancelong distance psychoanalysis in an effort to discover what he really meant to say would lotnot only be foolhardy for one who is sometimes none too certain hatthafthafchaacwhat heh himself means to say but would be a violation of the accepted procedures involved in a study of this kind the more subjectsubjectiveiveave1ve one becomes or the modemope subjective the material one is dealing with the moreraoremoue precarious and indefensible are the conclusions arrived at the writerhaswriter has attempted to be as objectiveob lactivefactive as possibleaspossible in an effort to gain the Jemediatejediateiinnxealatodiatadiate proximity of thetho tputhp certaicertaincertainlceptainnL arbitrryarbitraryxrbitrary rules of pzroceduproceduree gadegedeeregare set unup to 1 70 12 gersiaedzed sulfsuirsulegulloguico the unitingalitineanitine of this thesis theynevW should be roreferred

vp p 3 522

toVO again at this time incetincabincavincavince the1 ha conclucionsfirrlvcdtrtivod at by the writewuitewutte arearoa ne based upon their applicallapplication 041

A ho in the introductionintzodUcti on e the writer said that hd attempted to select that materialmate 1aaa1 which v7asvaasas thetho most pertinent andalidarld thethabhe least ambiguous this has boon donedono hovdHovahoweverevor it may many bebo &rcuedargued& that ranymany socalledso called ambiguousarzibiguou6s statement are not 6

CI 1 7 hs L I1 1 L A A C-C i I1 slasl3 anbib 0 i aasI tche writerr1 t e r ha clairedcl&ireda s aerdendandn 4 tthata 0 consequentlyrjrajr a e nt 4yay conlyn oneome sideaidede ofoffto1ft tthethaa sstoryt 0ry hasha baalbeenbaanb 3 sn ttold0 I1 d Ttherthezh sforeafore0re itit Is1 Zi deemeddoomed proper to quote a fawfewrawfe representative remarks by brigham younsyoung lllutra111ustr&tivezive of the ambiguity raichumichranichudnich has raademado their value in so far as this study is concernedconcepnedyconcepledylodynedy debatable forfodFOP example we should do all we can to reclaim the lost solssonszonssonazonasong and daughters ofovar adanadam and eve and bingbring them badebabameek to be saved in the presence of our father and god- 1I so far asaa idezatitiidentitiesaesoes are concerned the statement reveals nothing conclusivelyeconclusivelyeiyolyo another example do you not all himoxknowamoxnow that you areuadagade theth sons and daughters the almighty if you do not I1 rallvaillumil infinformornorm you this norniragborningnorningorniragnag that there Is not a man or woman on the eaearthgarthgaethrothanthrnth that wo110ipe is not a son or daughter of adam and eve 6 all belong to the races whichhavefhichchichwhich have sprung from father tidaifidaiadanadamniiwilwll and mother eveevo anandd every ssonon aandnd daughter of ada-adamn and eveEve is a Ssonon v and daughter of that god wev ervserve who organisedorganiorganizedsedzed this earth and millions of othersotaaers and who holdsholdahoida themthomthornthermthemm in existence by law 2e brighbeighbrigham young doesdoas not actuallyact ly say that adam and the al- mightymightyflfl areape one and the samsame but neither does he say theytahey are netsnot viaviovvoe trearare left in doubledotlzbt the following is an example of many of brichanbrighanbzrizhara youngs statements which teliteil us hattvhat god ddidid but

0.0 not ichoi7ho heho isiz 0

ljI1 J of Dde op cit VIII 1 2tbidvhidobido XIVX vv iiililliloilloilio1111110 531.1 heeo ic185 our fatherleatherieatherleathed heho Is our god the father of oerouroux splpjtsirits ho Is tho frandenfrandoncramencramon of ouraupoup bodiesboabooioslosacsics and sotcot tho machinemachino operation to bring thosothocochoso in successful11 forth tabetabcrnacleornaclaz 0 a I in hatwhat sense is god I1 the tracerframertramer of our bodlerbodlevbodleo1 how did he

setiseliseatseake the machine in successful operation herewith is an

ine cr LO TI exsjrplehnsens of0 the6 ile typeypype ofciscob stafcerent rhiehchiehwhich canoanczaunczoun lead to frucrufruitlessless cantrovercontroversysy oreroveroven the meingabblmesiGingning ooforr ters

4 eltelf tzcgodazc notnoznoticesces cas this ircrldv7orid hese oxzanizadorganiorganisedorganizedcj sedzed it aejanjandanaaxa broughtdlouCZOU altatt foforthth the abitantoinhabitantsinh udonupon itjt wewa are his children literally spirituallyspirituallyy naturally and in veryevery rerespectrespectaspecto 2 walat does he meanmoan by literally spiritually naturally the failure to relate thonthomthornthonn to something more concrete leaves them open to as many definitionsdefinitlonationa asaa there are people to define themthesisthenis another confusing practice sometimes indulged in by ighambighamfrighamerigham young and others is that of using names and titles in a ratherather loose fashion as in this quotation eleyleueeeuevie obey the lordlordslordy him who is called jehovajehovahjehovahh ththe great I1 amxam I1 am a man of war oheimeloheimelvheimEl etc wewre are under many obligations to obey him ltvlt3 and again he is the father godygod savior maker preserver

i and redeemer of man 4 both statements refer to god the father as the overall context of the sermon shoischoisshowst and yet if taken litersliterallyllyily they might be interpreted as peakingspeaking of christ since such titles as jehovjehovejehovajehova savior redeemerrredeemersrodebodeBedebedeemeryrodeerodeaRedee medsmerrmersamersamedyemery I1 amluly etc are usually azzociatedwithassociated with him in latterlatterdayday saint writingswrifcingse the writer feelsfeefeo Is that this seeminglysoemingly indicrininatoindizeriminate use of the

1 namesnamee titles and eaithepithetsepithtetsbets ascribed to4fo various divine boings

1I 1libiribi XIIII1 ir 22050 2bidibid XIV 136 3 gge Lebido bidb j1dap xiiixii2XII 99990 kibibidoitdildltd ao illiliIII111 2596025960259 60 is a major cause of the diffedaffedifferencesancesences of01 opiniono-p inion as to brarii3riigh n

VCua11 t young P youngsu1 s ttruerua bbeliefsa11 a concerningccn adeladaladalioadenio president 7yoursyourg0 o linainmin elwaysalways maescacesmaces ilit clear that he is speakingspecking of god as such datbuthutoatout we do not alfayaainaysalwaya bloeknow taithwithbaith certainty hichraichcaichcmichvaich parpapparticulparticularticul grodgods if any he has in nindmindniindj bencohenco the confusioconfusionconfusio over ifiontitieaidentitiesw for unlessurauna e o-s a definite distinction izla mademadoma de between what rrymayrnymry babo tarmewtarmeyterm- a edad the principle of godhood which seemingly includes not only the lanianlawlaws and powers by which godhood is gained and maintained but also the aggregate of those individuals abiding that principle and the particular being who has become associated with that principle through the acquisition of godlgodigodhoodbodwodxod the identificationident ce tionlon of any given personality becomes virtually impossible A differentiation between one particular god and all the other gods who combine with hiltohimtohim to make up the one god in pvlnciprincipleoleoienie Is essentiaessentialsessentialolo there are many instances herehenevherewherev brigham young speaks of adam cnon the one hand ndd god on ththetho other as farfordar iastaninstaninstancecejcescos whanwhen heho said 1174ewe believe that he mmadede adaadam after his own image and illlilililikenessroness as moses testifiestestlfleso our god possesses a body and partsdartsypartsy and wasas heardbyheaheardheaddrdbyby adam and eve talkingwalking in 1 the sardengardengardenardon in the cool of the daydayo 1 andandtands r theshe16 bold7old1lorld my in vain asashask thetha 0questionue stion ehobhowho are vo but the gospel tells us that iewe aaareare the sonssonasono and daurphteradaushterasatera xv we azaazo ofor thatth god whom we servesouve & sonesomesoree baysaycay araaro the childrenelli dren ft I1 ofoc aatiadilad iiai and eveevo so we are and they adearearca no thobheghoV he children of0 P ortorromcoro m 4 heaheavenlyhoavenlyheavcanlyHoaeoavenirvenly father weV e are allaliaila 11ll the children of adsaadaaadamsidamaldam and eveevosyo and tthojbhojlejleytoy ancanoand ro arcar c the offoffloffpyuboffldybprlagpraagPyu nfrnar of him vhoaho dvolisdvolls in the heaverhcave1heavensi s ththa highest inteilinveilintelligenceence that drillsdrollsaillellsaillellsoils anywheanywhyanyi&erene 16hthats t viazige havahave 1aaaknowledgeowleowieow1sowes ft3a ofofo

1A X 231 21bidebide XIII 311 55 thesochesothooo auota4qnofcatlonoionzlhonzl bingbins u3uua to grips urith tlethe apparentarengang contradiction in his ziatentzia3tatcrrentcjtent fcfo hojLOJvoshvuot1010vose1 oshose cncan hono clirnalaanclaan thnahnthat 17 tr adsA is our taterfather anand oudoarourou godod a d thath33 only god Y 7 ithfth ir hohomM beeWEVTE hivchiv to do0 at one tinetinietime and yet assertasser tthatn t adankdanadam and eveevo heard

V god11 oudour0U U god walkierwalkinrwalking in the gardengardongauden and that heythey are the 1ldreachildrenehildrenlidrenaldrea of olarouroun heavenly fathersfather1father 1 at other times we ustmustast either assume that he has contradicted himselfI1 or0 2 tthathathehe has notnonofunofoFU if he hashaz v then one or the otheother if not both of his lbatamantsstatementss must bebo discarded as being ffalser if howeverhovhohowevexwavedwaverwever he has not contradicted himself henthenzhenzuhen were arearosueaxesuo racedfacedfacadbacad with the task of harmonharmoaizharmonizingharmonisingisingizingnZ seemingly opposing views basing the decisiondecldecideelsionslonzion on an applica- tiondion of the rules of procOproceduredureduve previously set apoapyup the writer hashaa accepted the second hypothesihypothesiss as being the more likely the contradiction is more apparent than real the general pattern ofolo010 brigham youngs views on the status of the gods and the future divinity possible to manmang as related to the ggeneraleneralbeneral conceptconcepconceptato of latterlatterdayday saint cosmology seems to support this decision brigham young like thetho church today was polytheistic in his liefsobeliefsbe he ecognizedrecognized not only three gods pertaining to this earthlbarthl thebhe father the son and the holy ghostbutghost but an endless line of gods pertaining to other worlds and universes as wellweliweil

refuse evilovllovil choose good hate iniquityan1n lquitalquity love t2ruhtruthsai4i eliallhilhii tththish s oarourou5rar ffathersatahersohers havhavoe donecoreconeaone berbeforeoieole us I1T do not par-pa- 0 ticulticularlyu1ua atlyarlyariy fithaithfath ad or0r his fthzrfathelfatheo2 p I1 do notno 404.0ka 701ar cularlytitularlyocularlytioularly riirihrthmean abablablahaniabpahanilaahasvn or asooceococso thetiletho pophetpophetohato 0OP apos tieg but I1 meracraemae an oufoud fathersfa horshops whoho have been exalted forfou lllicaslions of years peviousprevious to 1adas time treytroyeyey have alallali

I1 silsllsiipraySiisusuddsuoruraeudaypraypra p 6 56 passedpacked through thetho dannecarcosarnocanco odoiloodoalo0 dealoboalodoalodoald ae7ewe ateatoareare nonotHOT passingpadpas brig1rig throethrou h andana have 3aarchedaoarchod all thinsthinns even to tithe depthsledepthsi ofop heilhellheiihellahell1I1 he also beliebelsebeisebelievedvod thethatt these gods velevelwereverwervere e of one patriarchal lineage orOZ speciesqpoclest1species as hhe expressesexprooses it hereheroherg whetherviontetkier adam isTbs the parsperaonasaparopopoonagopopo onago that wawo should consider our heavenly father or not is considerable of a mystomysteryery to a good slanysianymazny I1 do not

rms cedecerecareca a foiforlorlon one nocentmomlentkantwent haghvgho that isiz it is no zattermattermatteamatte&mattew whether0ae harhadV her wee

46 4 j 1.1 Z 4.4 srszesjeasjee to0 Cconsider0Is 1 0 god orOZW whether siselsyis aa&aathe 02 3i2zllall 3 grandfathersgrandfatherygragrann latherbatherather1ather1 for in elthereitheredthereiielieaiLshershed celsecasacasa vera are olaeoneorae speciesspeciez of one familywfamilyandfamilyandand jesus christ is also of ourou specspeespecieslesies tt2tta2 thus brigham young implieaimplie3implied that to rocoznizerecogniserecognize onesonegoneong is to recognize all but even so he makes it clear in other statements that there is but one god to us 3 and he is tourour father who made god we owe us for he is the only wise 9.9 tendnd to him allegiance to him uewe owe our lives hehasbehashe has brourrhtbrought us forth and taught us all we knowknowoknowd we are not indebted to any other power or god for all our great blessinblessingsgav i141 an article in the hienhlennialHlenglennialnial sbab ar probably written by S VV richards the british micsionmiosiontvlis8ion prespuespresidentdentdant at the time gives a rather lucid picture of the relationship of the gods

aft to one anoanotherkaheroherpher and to their omiown offsprinrg5ooffspring it merits comparison with these statements by brbrighamlghamelgham yoyoungtzigczig on the same topic

w b&col corconecome gods god then aill thewthowthoyV beba sodsgodsodd even the sondsona of thentchon iliiiiulii111will lilillliitheythaythey become steternal fathers eternal motamotomothershersherdhedd ternaiternaleternal bonsbonesons and eternalenaldaughters being eternal in their organizatioorganisationorganizationorgani zatiozatlozattoa theyuney go from gloy to glozgloryvy from poetpoer to

neryyerynerysyerys Tdayaay s iay 114 1862 po 3610 o cot hssass 0 2 3 aftcft aj2j C of doP op eitteite IV 217 3ibldb XIXT 122120123 4drs3dcspetDc speteebdeeret honanedsnodsjsiso octoclaocko 26 1899189018590 settaseneacuptasupta p 12 577

pcwerpowerT cwar theythoy lillii ill nover ceasecaaso to increase adand to0 o nultiplymultiplyr-lulluqul aplyiply voriclvorlcl1101 S without endadoondndo rilonithenivhonVIianionlon tleytheythoyXLOJzloy receivedeceive theirsheir crepownsowns their dolndoindoinlonalonaiona thitheythoyy then vni11vs 11 be prepared to freefreo earhoearh3eacho40 ilkeilkalike unto ours and 0IL40o people therathornthenathomm in the same manner as rva havehavo been brought forth by our parentspa antsents by our father and godlgodgodi thetiao ircindoriskingdoms he possessposseasez and raierule6ueslaesbuesgues over arearcaro his omown popoonycoonyenyony lveryevery rilarhianniannilarnilan who0 izic faithfuliaifaifalaai hf anndCL setgetsetageta a salvationzt 1vation and godygory and biccsboccsdocosdecobecodoco 0 a singking of kinoorinoringskinohinokingso andd lod of lolords10rdo 002 a fathomfalufatufathophazhozhar ofoft fathelfathejfathathezathej it f 111131L be by the increase of his ounownOTJJI popoonycoonyprorponyenyony ourou fathefathomr and god rulosauloss over his bvmovm chilchiichilwchiew drenodveno VounereverUnepopovervopoverdevetdeverreverpover there is a god inruldulall the eternitiestepnities possessing a kingdom and glory and poepoo it is by mearismearlsmeans of his 0ownvn progany2ppogeny2 thesethose statements should also bebo compared with brigham youngyounrrls concept of the modusmo dus operandi of godhood as expressed by him andend quoted on page eighteceighteenne therefore wrhen brigham young says that both adam and eve and all the realredlrestpedtpest of manlindmankindriianlrindmanlind are the children of the hizheztintelligeneehighighesthighecthesthect intelligence that dwellsdwelis anywhere that wewo have knowledge of it is the writwriterswriter1writertsertsa opinion that ho is speaking in 7 termsterma of an ultimate god or0 an ultimate zorcourcjli to which our fathers who have been xaltedexalted for millions of yearsyears11 owe their rule and existeexistenceneelaneelp and by whichthewhich the present race of man on this earth has also come into being as children by virtue of the patpatriarchalarchal relationship of the spespeciesspeciesciesaiescles of that highest intei2iintelligence7cknce 114 againaguin thithisthid differentiationdifferenttationtatton between the principle of godhoodandgodhood and thethatthetthex individualindivl duailduaclduaei personages comprising and suboaribisubscribingong to that principle will the writer feilsofeelsofeels resolve the ceasing conflict in president youngjayoung1ayoungts pronouncements

accecce horsygorbyncgowbyncrnergerr fa kovnovyovNOVIS 89 1861871876 p 61i2o6jlejl2 am 2mlyidtsoe op citcitapcatap pep 2562

n1 & 3cfmcf boetdoetdctmneIlneine cov 7676222b76222122 2lal P 102 the oyo sm LIz prophetA070phet josephjoeephjose Dn snithsmithlthalth also speaksrt of such an endless ouerorder cfof oodod 3 concerning adam A careful detacdetacheddejacned study of his availavailableabaabe statements as found in the official Apublications of the chachuohacharchchurchch 2 will admit of no other conclusion than that thetho identification of adanadam with god the father by president brichambrechambrigham young is an irrefutable fact s v4vahilechileuhilehiie there are a great many of his expressions which may appear to contradict this they fail to reveal his views on this particular subject feith the clarity objectivity and ab-

sence which 1 of equivocation would permit thenthem equal weight with I his wiotherLlpheralpher pronouncements at bestobastobestbast it may be said that they becloud his monouemoremouee direct statements but in all hineslhoneslhonestyu it must be admitted that they fail to actually deny thenthemthenn we cannot ignore or subvert ththosethosaoseosa of his ideas which were expressed in i undeniundeneundeniablyably specific terms in order to justjustifyjustiffyiffy and sustain uncertain interpretations of hisintenthis intent in general ones the evidence upon which the writer has based his conclusions is twofold eternalexternal and internalsintemantemal this division is for conven-convenavav ience in presenting the material andisand is admittedly an arbitrary one

external evidences CM 1 the complete absence of denials retractions or cor- teclrecteded versionsverslonasiona by Brigbrighamharnhamn youngyourg of thaaprilthetha april 9 1821852 cdanaddresscddressdressdeesstessress as vellveliwellweilweli as of his subsequent discourses on the subject in the light of his expressed attitude toward the dissemination of incorrect doctrine 2029 the absence of evidence from brigham young or any other source to supportT the possibility 0of his having I1beendee330nM misquoted in the official church organs

n 1 1 n 0 4 I ri ze in e L 1 330 7nanthe0 absenceb S enc e ofc1 aaryanyny stateni3nts IV S e t conn h partt of brihanbrihalihaniha1than young suggestingsugges tinct that heirieirle had been rmisunderstood in hhisAss Vvibursvibvrsev sqaq in light of his remarksrom&rlrs to the effect that he eadhad11 a CL been doubted endande nd disbelievdisbelievedisbelievedd in therthcrtharththenL cr 9

1I a 1.1 jin 4 presidentC ent young9svoun s specificzn e 0 C ttcltcriontsa t c n U rhichchichilarin ah6h hehe apparentlyJ y

1 4 IS nta t 1 ararI r d L intcintendedinac ed to beb takena on literallytrar elleliailelirelin V sincesmee heho failedfaeted ro0 modifync fy theltherr L or to indicate that they should be understood aclyany otharotherothen0 tha r walywapway the stcaterilentstatementss of others both before and after his destideath4 indicaindicatinglbinsabins that he was taken liteliterallliterallyrailrallrait y by friends and enemiesenemniesmiesmles alike

6 the consistent pattern of his viersviet 717s not only inirn regardsrieree bardsbandsgards to adam but in the acquisition and nature of godhood in general the internal evidence deals exclusively with the comments of Bricbutubuldbriohambriczhambrighamzham young relative to adevadamacevri andmahlsand nasmas ultimate possible destiny in indicating what he felt adanadam did president young revealed whom he thought adanzdanadamedam vaswas the activities of adam and thetho identity of adam being inseparably connected A comparison of the adrilapril 9 1852 sermon or its summationsurasumaaationaarion on page eighteighty with the ffollowingollowing summation of brigham youngyoungss major ideas as expressed in subsequent discourses is inviteinvitedinvitedoldeldoldwi inteinternalrnainal ev4evaevidencesdences 1 after the faithful have becanebecamebecome gods they willvilli prepare bothbotuh spiritual and physical bodies for their offspringJ the latter being done by having them go to an eartheadear C h andwm d eat of corporeal food until it is diffusediffused sufficientlysufguff L ciently through thedthertheirI1 celestial bodiesboCLI es to enableonableonableabie thenuetotheniomlomig 0 eto producepro duceduee mortal tabernacle s for their spirit- uala1 childreneh11 dren sf 2 gooodgoda the father afteraf ter gaining his godhood and begetting 1 it hhiss spspiritualritual1ritual1 cchildrenn14L dren v ccmencedconimenced the work 0ofI1 creating earthly tatabernaclesodeorr aclesSo e 0 by partakingpa ytoaking of the earths tabernacle 1 I wntiittl C coarse material untiltil his syssystembem0em was charged with it 0 thus elseishis childchildrenchildrenschildrentsrents physical bodies were made oftheodtheof the eearthsearth9srthlethl s materials 3.3 3 adain was a resurrected man whourho had obtained his exaltation and who deltradesiredesired that those children thatthat were

becausese of nrivateprivate nature whichmnichmn ich leaves openoozenzcntenzenzan to 1 its J it qvbion01 6confonf thetilotiao nuttallnuttellnuttalltellteil journal accourtaccountcouet has been didisregardedzesarcZezesaresarcled 2 33 sudrasuprasuppa p I1iai3 duprIssupr p 21 60

bbomorln to meraeruenae in the spirspirit6.6 world shoulshould havehsv& the oppo- tunirtunityttyy to obtain physphysicalphys1cal1 calealeai bodibodiescs 4 brigham youngs use of daniels description of the ancient of days to describe thehe father of us all 2 5.5 Brigbrignardbrighard3r3ghamhardbandbann youngs statement to the effect that sonesomesomsomesomoo have grumbled because I1 believe our god to be so near to us as fatterfatherpathed adaadsjio 3 6 adanri wasWLs born as any other person is bomborn but on another worlworldawooldad 4 7 eveevo was one of adamadanss ivesivesawivesives55 8 bribpibrighamFhwtewt youngyouyom s e1eaclainclaimai m thethatt gogod had revealed to him that adam is our father and godoll11

1 supraUO TP 2 2suerasuprastim a apppp 26 272 A a 9 p 29 suetar

as 4steSV ppepoe 20 43 3s3supraun- i p 23 sza 0 19 23 5suasusuppasupraa appp 6 2829 31 6sunsjnqvnasug p 28280 CHAPTERCB PTIM IV

THE VIEWSVIEOVS OF OTIMRSOTHERS

A r

young with the passing of brigham the subjectto of adamtsadamasadam identityidentityy beyond that revealed in the standard works of the churchchurchy wasas seldom discusdicusseddiscusseddidiscussedocussedsedocedo to be duidursursuiesure there were some who commented upon it but for the most part their remarks tended to shutskirtshirtsmrtsmut the nattermattermatters onlyorayonay indirectly supporting or challenging the kierisvierisviews of president youngqyoungo indeed it had been much the dsazsaanie before his dealdeazdeathlahkahkoh with both his opponents and supporters largely remaining silent at least publiclyepublicpublialvolyelyoiyo so silent edeenoerowerewene

j they that with the exception of heber C kimball orson pratt 5 and a few others among ththe authorities wee are uncertain of theirthele true convictions hoeverhoevenhoweverEoevenevanever aithalthithwith the turn of the cenconcenturytudytury the church eecainacoinecarna under fitfirfirefide from variousvarvazioasloasiousoasous protestant ninisminisnxinlsterskredsfedspers and mormon hatersbatershatersn for amongotheramonamongbothergotherotherothee things its belief in the adanadam deity of biighbaighbrighambrigbamam youngyoungsyounge it is then that we findfind suchcuch leaders as charles Wvav4 penrose speaking forth in defensedefence of the ol01picialofficialpickal doctrine of the churchchurchechurchy aithalthnith thithlthisthia much said the j of others who spoke vithwith sufficient directness pro and col002cozcon uliivillwill bebo consideredconsi derod againasan 11m as in the caiacalacarea of eighamelghambigham youyount na m C yourlsyouelsn7 offort has baonbooni ade cdede to voidvoldavoidavold the use of debaladobaladebatableblohioyio and inconclusive macateralmateralmaterialsteraiteral

0 6163 62

18218991821652189916.5218991652 1899 rr ll11rlnibel abaz3bazbe Cco kimballkirnballkobopiatabamataba Cc9ca kimball wawas a counselor to brigham youhgyoungvoung& in the first razidencypresidencynasinesiU razidency andd seemsiq to have been veryva y close to hahtniy0 m both in spirit and viewpointviewpoinc1 in his book the roclaroclxroclryy mountain saints stenhouse goesgoez 20so farzarzau as to zuarzugrsugs8sugseest that kinballkimball rmswmsuwasas the source of brigham youngs ideas concerning adam brother eaberheberhaber had considerablecansccns lde2rabab1 pride in relatingrelzitt 11nz to 1 vhalI1 hiahi3 intimate friends hazthat1I ho laslaaraswhasuzas thatho source of brighams 11 revelation on the adanadamaa znan M ditycityda i to y inlrnarn a moment of reverie mm rW r .1 heber saldsaidzaidzald brotherBr0the BbrichanBribrighanr1 ghenghanrc hc ihavechave1 have an idea that adam isiz not only our father but our god that Y as enough brigham snapped at the novelty and amounannouncedcadced it with all the flofioflourishvanish of a neenewne made revelationrevelation&2 stenhouse could safely mallemailemalsemarkemaske such a claim eaberheberhaber C kimball was daddead and therthereforthereforeaforeeP unable to refute hatahatvhat the writer bellebeliebeilebelievesvez to be a completely alsoaisoaleoffalsecaise accusation in 1821852 habethebetheberhaber C kimball was quoted as saying nhenwhen ve escape from this earthyatcxth rase suppose we are going to heaven dodao you suppose that you adoarearo going to the earth that adam camecamooame fronfrom that eloheimelvheim came from where jehovah the lord came from nokookognog when kouvoavouyoayou lhzkhzhaveva learnedleaxleay ned to become obedient to the father that doaadvaadwellsUs upon this earthearthoearthy to the Z god tche messengers fafatfazfatheroherrheuaheu and of the earth 7.7 and obedobedientlent to the he sandasondasandosondo tjhonw1nonwanonwynenwynon you have done a-allaill that memberrorememberdemember you are not going to leave thath4thiss earthearths you will never leave it until you becobebococomecomome vualifiedqualified and capable andancl capacitated to become a father in an earth yourseives3yourselves 3 here again is revealed the concept of a patriarchal lineage of gods presiding over the many worlds and universes of eternityeternityo

up pep 22 cf J of doP 000opcog eitcitcote7 VsV 32

i 00 23testenhousei ahouse oooopo cit n al6156196l 3 S D op CL va y 368 of it 0 0 cittv& I1Is 6303 the follwinebollwinefollfollcuiinzwine salsapstatementel rent brbyb r heber C kimnackimnbckimbla1 l provides another example of the confusion which carcan result from the loose apdlicationapplication of the namestnamesvnames tilttiatitlesiltrieskfleskales and epithets ascribed to the gods ue have been taurrbaurrtaughtat thathat our father and god from whom 21ae L azzz to we s ID ca 1e d andend x a C h s e x van s 0 Sgo0 andan d org- springer ns called aodoiappointedta his servantst to tv an e zb CL anoanongamongamo birr t adam you ananize earthyar h andan J rirr the rasrestdest4 he said to adan go along also and help all you can you are going to inhabit when organiorganisedorganizedorcD anizadsedzedN go and thehe good it it it is alizad therefore assisassist in workoao rk it readsbeadsneadsz in tlethetiletule scriptures that the lord diddi d it but theloneuane true renderrendenrenderinganglng issisyis that the almighty sent jehovah and michael to do the workwonk

god thetim father made adam the lord of this creation in the bbeginningbeginningsbeginning1egil nning 1 one lizitmiltmiitmizit concludeeoncon eudeeademade from this that tourhourbourour father and god the lord the almighty aniand god the father are all one and the saesanesame and yet he hasnt actually said so president kimball sspeaksbeaksoeaks of the people having been taughtcaughthaughtgaught thus and so adding that the true ihenrhenInenrenderingderingdeding is otherotherwisewisevise certainly god the father and abasiadadasi are not meant to be synonomoussynonymousssynonomous in this c-cornconncomm rrnicrnfc3 nt ffarforor ttwo distinct beings are referred to yet from other remarks made by him it is parentapparentaD that he did not always use the totermsaasams our father and god and god the father synonomouslysynonymously either speaking on one occasion he said we often sing

histhis eartheatearea-l th was once a garden placet where god our father evalteveltdwaltdwelt and took possession and a stand that mankind will taltaitaketakawroe wthobho attain to that honor 1133 here he implies the idenlificatidentificationionlonhon

3 ibidb do X 23235

2 JI ca 2cacC joseohjosephjosuphjosoph smithsm th jr Hhistoryisto Y of ttheie c7charchchurchl1u3ch of jesus r I1 est 4 ejesus christist of latlatterlatzerlatterdayaxaideid dayd saailntsantsn I1 s salt lakeisicedakeis2ce itycity churechurchh of jesus chrlschrischuisis t of latterlatterdayday saisalsaintssatnosnz s 19091009 II1111 365o365056 31j 321321ljofLJD 0opoogoO P citcitoop vii19VIII 243 64 of adanadamadaraadana with ngodgod our father n but not necessarily with god the father this identificalidentificationalionjlion is also manifest in thesathesethesocheso

statements by40 him

I1T have iealaalealearnedmed by ozpeisnce thatths4thab13 tlenetherethene is but one god that pertains to thia people and he theth god 4 this is that Ppertainse v ains to thisthi s eearthar Q h dhethethoche firstfirs Z rrenmmencnno that ffirstirsirdt man sent his onnooennn son to redeem tltheze tp orldoridopid to redeemnedeem his ethrenlethrenbrethrenb l his life dasirasvas taltaitakonybakonyrenranmen his blood shed that oudourouda inssins nighnightmight be ramiremittedttedeted that son called twelve men and ordained them to be apostles and when he departed the keys of the kinnkingdomC doradorndonn werewene deposited with three of those twelve viz peterpetor janesjamesjaines and john I1 thetho following year november 8 l871871857y he said now brethrenbreth-ren you have got a spirit in you and that spirits vadvaswadwas created and organiorganizedsedzed rurasryasrasyastyas born and begotten by our father and god beforebedorebeyore weerevre ever took these bodies and these bodies were formed by elaelmhimhiniyhincy and through him and of elmhim just as much as the spirit wasas for I1 lilliiillwill tell you he coexacedcoexacoimezicedced and brought orthfforthortodth spiritsapiritsapiritsyapiritsy and then Tthenjhenphen he completed that workwoukoriorl heho coencoencascoencadcoriniencodcadoadoed and brought forth taber-M nacles for thosefchosemchose spirits to duelldurell intin or I1 came through him both spirit and body god made the elements that they are made of just as much as he made anythinganythingsanything2anythings 2 such were the viets of heber ceC kimball as to adams identity their similarity to those of president young is manifestmanifestsmanifesto viaviowioW 17017 phelpsthisPhelpsphe othiso This early church leader said nothing conclusive in any public addresses of which the writer is evere however the following extract from a poem entitled ff the spirit 9.9 which hhe wrote and recited at the thirtyfifththirty fifth seniseulsemiannualsemi aramualannualannuel conference of the church in 1865186 may be indicative of hihisa views 0 may the saints beb perfectbeperfect As god our father waswaowas whenunen he got baekbackbadebame to eden zot bael 3 by herhedhe-i celestial lawselsawsalaws3

ibidM iv 1 2tat VI 31 cfcp tvsivyiv 334 deseret3Doerdoerctdcseretct 2jsnejsneas oct 12 186180igo50 infrinar p 91 656rar

J q R 0 el 0 sny adothanoth r whovrho udeuseuseda the poetic medium too

r 11 give expression to heherA1 feelinssfcalingjfeelingsfeelinSs endand beliefs caswasas elisaeilza R snosnoaa an outstanding early mormon ritercitercitedwriter and one of joseph salthsaithsmithsmithys plural rivesvivesviverovive3o theretharemere are two poems brittenvrittenwritten by her which areaueara of particular incinteresterest sincsince they reveal her concept of adamsadar s poc30positionitiitiointtl olnoin and strongly suggest that she shared the vlesviesviews of 6 presidenpresidentC young herewith is an extract from the first of

11 these entitled to ersivinseps IVW adaaadamadanaadan4 our father eve our mother andtend jesujesus chrohrchristyohnisty1 s to 0our elder brother are to nymy understanding shoahoshonr ynoyngrnoa my hearthoart responds thextheyhey ateatoarearo my omi 1 the second thathehe Ultimaultimaturnxjltimatunituruturntumu of harianhiwianhwrian life rreadseadS adam your god like you on earthearthy has been subject to0o dorroorroi7ti in2 n a veoridorldcoridworld of sin thpougfathz5ough ionslonslo-ag grradatiigradationjaj6 ot he adoseadobearose41 to be clothciothclothaclothd d with the odhoadsgodheadsG might and majesty and Thatnhatwhat to him in his probative sphere whether a bishop deacon priestpr 7 est or seer Vlhawhatevertelerteleeteter his offices and callings nereneuewereweare he magnified them with assiduous care & by his obedience he obtained the place of god mdaadand father of this human race obedience will the sameszame bright garland weave As it has done for your great Mlotheriothereothermother eve forfocfonper all her daughters on thetha earthearthy who will all myrny requirensntsrequirerinnts sacredly fulfillfulfills and what to eve though in her mortal life shedshe been the first theL he tenthtc n h 0orL fortieth wife vv hat did she cerecaredearedcenecarea when in her lowest state maetherwhetherghether by fools considconsiderederld small or great IT1 taostwastwostvasatvas all the same with hersheher she providproved her worth shesashes novnownoy the goddess and the queenueen of earth lifeslifeleifel 0 ultimatum unto those that live As saints of god and all myraymay powers receivereceives Is still the ononrordonnordmord4 tardrord upward course to tread

ilzaalzallzaeliza reR snoinovsnovi prboenaboeng relirexi avscuaouacvs Hhistorlcrii t 0 1 nadrn d Ppoitigoiti calealcahc1ca1 11 salt lakelaifedakedaice city L asprintsprinTS Prin 0 pub stt idaid7ib ilII11 iseibei9eyge 66

to standstand as damadamA and aca eve thetho headhe ad I1 em koannoan w Z of an inheritanceinhari4loun c e 31 a nonowformednewnow fformed0 rm d earthy0 th and to heirtheirghohedvthein spirit race civo mortalmontalmontai birth give thonithodi a violild experience in horldvorld liieiliellieliiielibie this J 1 thothonthentho1A lead thenthemtinantinen forth to everlasting bliss crownedodocroopoiiinld vithwithw salvationsalvgalvration and eternaletereted L lallai joy wherewhorewhone fallithoerfectionperfectionperfection dwells witwithoutout alloy tiitij the inference thatthab the poetess regarded adam and eve as resurrected beingsbelnebeine s who had gained their exaltation andparentedand parented offspring prior to coming to this earth and faifallirfallarfalfallinglir is quite unmistakable she will be referred to again orson prattthePratt The writings of orson pratt do not fully support the poetic claims of elisaeilzaelizaeilea R snow northenornon the expressions of brighamBrighanihanx younsyoung and heber C kimball prattsprates difficulties with president younsyoung mandd others of the authorities have been previously discussed yet should be understood that orson it i pratt and brigham young were in agreement on many doctrinal items pratt like president young believed that there have always been divine fathers and sons 2 that ttheretheranere are countcountiescountlesscountiesslesies millions of persopersonslislas who will gain godhood iteachsteacheach one being a personalersonal god as much so as the god of thithlthiss creation 3 and that god was onceoneeoneg mortalmormortalokmoc talok they were also united in the commonly accepted doctrine that spirits do not marlymarrymaruymarky or beget children 5 that those who gain exaltatiexaltationexaltatiaonuongon6on will beget spirspinspiritualitualigual offsinkoffsingoffsing and send them to other tt mortalttmortal worldsworlds060 andand thettheb laanlaamadam and liveeve were irrinimmortalortal beings having bodies of leshieshfflesh and

1 ibbidoL II11 898 9 infinfrara pop 10108103

arT 4. 23802880 314& 2r0 of D op eitcitefti t lp XVIIIXVIIT4 288283 e 3tbid03tbid XIXIXIX 314

4tatibidJ b i CI XVIIIXVITI 2882880 ibidd XIV 242ai2i s2sa

V bibid6ibidbid XIVXI1 22334 S 67 bones prior to their falfdladl1 1 As for11or adam who is dentifiedidentifieddenti fiedfled as ichaelmichaelliliridri the archangel in tha Ddoctrine0c gridandend coeecovecovenntscovenantsnla11ts being a god pratt agrees that he now is exolaexplaexplainingning seme angels are gods and still possesssess the lozelowelower offofficeiceico caliscallscaliecaile d anealsangels

A CL f 31 1 tiadti3d chenag 2 adamam is ccalled an Aarchangelag e 1 yeyett he iiss a god G

but tiathe re did exist definite differences of opinionopin L on be- a tween the two leaders as we have seenseen3seena 3.3 whimwhich led to a doctrinal parting of the ways in certain areas tharetherecharethanechorechame were opinions expressed by pratt which were incompatible with brieBrigbrighamharahana young1syoungts views on adaeadaoadam for example pratts belief affirmed both before ndand after prespresidentldentidentadent young1syoungts death that adadam was not our god but aareapreappea preexistentpre existent spirit child of that gockgod4godk thathatthabtheb adam was made literally from the dust of the ground5groundgroundy 5 and that Aadanadamdandam ananddeveeve died and were resurrected followfollowinging the resurrection of Christchristy6 one idea which is apparently unique with p-ratt regarding adam and eve is his beliefbellef that they had the powepower& tobo beget immortal offoffspringsOring prior to their fall7falla in what sense he meant this is not nademade elleareigelgclearcleanearean by him iscellaneousmiscellaneous7 consent a brighamowbrigham youngsyoung s successor john taylor has left no clearcleercleanclecie ar cut evidence as to his views one way or the 0 thereotherthero he did refer to god as our father and the or-craftoraft ganizer of these boalies8bodies but in what sense he is the organizer

libidbibidbid illliilililiIII111 344 2jbidsoibid XIII 187187w

3suprasunyasupra aj4j D op 1 c 1 5283281I 28 sudra I1 p 38 ftff of I1 I citita I 5orsonborsononsonorson prattpratt edaednedjed theetine seedseerseep tachingtcaaehinp tantcn DC cachchchchehch rehachnchrch .5 7 6 of jesujesuss christ of latterlatterdaydadayv saints 183183. 4 1II11 422 5 0 t 0 6j dp aj e ofOL P onooooopo cit XXIOXXI 288238 7lbid71bid S 1 8 tbidabid XI 1636ra1631636 6 it 68 president taylor did not saysayo therethedethepe are but a fafaufewfawu cohcowcommentsentsants on the2e subject to be fcundfcundfacund in the publications of the church in the late 1870s and issosa18801s elder erastus snow aran apostleapost leflep spoke to the effect that adam was bonborn a son of god and not literally created as a thing apart ffronfromronrom oodogodegodo 11 this sanesarrezarresamesarye viewpoint was expressed in a public lecture by elder john H kelson some eight a yearsyea Is 2 fope rs letelateter in england d the contributor the foreforerunnerrumernumernumen of the triniprpoverroverrientroverov rientement era carried two articles of interest in this periodperiods one entitledenuitled our fathfatherc r and god by a J F gibbs presseexpressedexpresseex d the idea that those who become eodeodsgodgodss are the ones ftmostoost entitled to furnish mortal bodies for their spiritual 3 W offspring 0 the other written by a thomas brookbank corpntedcosimsntedranted before adam fell he was a resurrected man that is his physical body had been disorganized and then reorganized4reorganized 4 tlthele deseret hewsnews printed the full text of a lecture given by joseph E taylor in the logan temple in june 1888 in this address taylor also affirmed that adam wassas a resurrected man and the father olof01 christ he used the april 999 1821852 discourse of brigham young and the socalledso called king follett funeral sermon given by joseph smith in april lbib1414.184 in support of hisbis contentions5contentions 5 itiitiss apparent from these and other sources that the problem of the origin of the immortslimmortalimmorts1 body of adam

libidbibidbid xixvXIX 3232432332324032322024 millennial sbar op cit XLVIII october 1886 723

3 3 1 cow Ttheqe contributor salt lsilallailak c1cacityU Y Connicontributorbutor cocoe 1879961879901879 9690 viVT 77575077077o7yay 4ibidbibidibid VIII april 1887 2180 Tinfrarfrst p 84 ar 5rdespretdesjret vlelayyieldy newspnewsykesnes decdee 29290 1888 appp 192719 27 69 continued to be a matter of much speculationz13 lationcelationculationcu later references will further substantiate this condition george qedq11Q c&nnonGJIcannonnonenono apostle cannon wasas editor of the 71tilleniaillillenial star in 1861 when it published a front page article it entitled the origin11 of man the article quoted a series of statelenstatemenstatements4tsats by president younsyounayoung including some from his april aj9j9 1821852 address and a subsequent one given in august of that year1yearlyearyeara it then went on to say president yoangyoung in the foregoing passages while sub- stantiatingt an tiatingbiating the fact of the union of nansmansnanman preexisting spirit with a bodilbodilyly product of the dustduntt of the groundyground1ground ft1 enters more particularly into the modusmoans operandi of that unionantono hah3H unmistakablyurmistpakably man s 10to be r declares mas origin al- tosetltosethtogetherar of0 i a celestial characterthatcharacter that not only is his spirits0sa pir it of heavenly descentdezedazedeocent batbutbul his organization too0000too mema0000 tat1that the latter is not taken from the loverlovier animals but from orisdially body the original ly celestialPC of the great father of hiartbiarthianthumanityiai40 y look on this pictiepichiepiatizctizeeanemanemahe maheanman the offspring of man imsimalma go an ape Is and on this ianlan ththezhee imagege of oodgoda his thenistheriSfather&2patherisPa some twentyeighttwenty eight years laterlamerlateroiamer he told a general conferencec on ference audience that tharethenethsrethere are two personages the father and the son gadgodG d is thethae being who walked in the garden of eden and who talked with the prophets this revelation caniecanlecearriebearrie to us in eartcarteertcertaintyaint 3 itheithwith thethepassagethepassageofpassage of the years elder cannon tended to more or less avoid the issue as is indicated by this comment before the first sunday school convention of the church I1 was stopped yesterday atteafternoonrnoonanoon by a young man who wanted to know whether adem was the father of our lord admd saviorsaviorwhetherwhether he was the beinsbeing retaevaevwe vav7arshiorshishippedorshippedor apedoped etc nonow weunieumie can get ourselves veyvezyvay easily puzzled if we choose to do sos 0 by speculatingspecaspecuiatlcatlenging iporaporupo doctrines and prineoprincipleses of0 tafthfthiss

1 supra doladoiaP gniennislstqr 00oo citcitsaits xxilkoctxxtj ocaoc4 1861 6546tat6.54 31bidol31ibidbidelbidol LI laymay11lav 18691889 278 70

n P characterch ra c ter thethlethae lord has saldsaidsild throughU h rouzhrouah hiIII111155 3 prophetrcpheryphe td thattinat theretherotint11crocre E are tltwo personages the godheadgodheads z oughtcd to bebo 1 x in thctthtact suffsuffi- clentcient forfodJ us at the present time 0 Concconeconcerningernine the do-doe ctrine inirkinasra recarddecardregard to adladtacimacsmsn ardand ttheha savsaviorsavoror the prophet brihameribri ham 4 1 Yyoung0uagrngr taughtfaught4 some things eaecuacuicerniberncorning4ngang that but the first asidencypresidencyP aslesl asi deneydency and the twelve do not inarthinkt2ta inlr it risevisevicewisevj to advocate thesethose nattermattermatters so it is sufficient to know veie have a father god H 1 the eternal father luhojuhoho reveals himself9ynselfA by his holy spirit unto those who seek him and that jesus christ is his son our redeemer the savior of theune worldlworlworld1worldworldlydl1

V wilford woodruff 0 the fourth president of the churchchurchy eilfbilfordyilfordyi94rilflfordifordord woodrufwoodrufff gave similar advice to the mambershijssembershipp Muhenwhennon he spoke before the gentsgeneralralrai ccnferenceocnferenceconference of april 1891895 judging from the proceedingoreceeding statement of george Q cannon made three yearsyea Is later not everyone heeded this admonition of president woodruff how much lonserlongerlonged I1 shall talk to this people I1 do not know 0 but I1 want to say this toU all israel ceaceabceaeasecse troubling yourselves about who god is who adam is who christ is whoz L10 jehovah isiso for heavens sake let these things alone vhymnyamnyuny trouble yourselves about thesethose things god has revealed 1 himself and when the 121st sectionsectio1r1.1 of the doctrine and covenants is fulfilledfuir lied eojvejhether Ufchopeschopeareaweewe be one god or many gods they will be revealedrepealed to the children of men god is god christ is caristcarlstchristochristy the holy ghost is the holy clostalostghosts that should be enough for you and me to imolmo1mcw if we antmntvantwant to know anymore altaitweaitwvait till we7 get where god is in person I1 say this because nuoTO are troubled veryevery little while althvlthvithvv inquiries from eiderselderseldors anxious to knoknow who god is4sas whoithchrist is who adam iselses I1 daybaysaydway to the elders of israel stopthizostop this oueowegueve have had letter after letter from elders abroad wantingT to knort concerningconcconeeminseming these things adam is the first llanman heho irasioasr4ra as placed in the garden of edenedenyedcny andana is our great progenitorprogenitors god the father god the4 he son and god the holy ghost are the same yesterday todatodayto dadaxday and forever that should be sufficient for us to know oltheroitherneitherDI the cannon statement nor that made by president woodruff is an actual refutation of anyoneanyones opinions as

1 T rcceedinc cfof hg fartfjrtt SCT gchcol gorentlcr0 edecareze V C cfC

1 cay De C U 1 cra V D 37 33 saitsaltsa lake ciycly laseretdesereldesereeLa serelseretsenet sundayun daY school jnicejnicn 1c99 P A annalsrnrnnalsnalSnais S LVTJLVII 3656 71

to adamsadaladan s identity bothbo lallcallLOLL are primarily concerned vithi- h puttingpu tlrigalrig

iwo an end toi-do further speculation on the maamatterk eteretedoter in that rogardsregards what wak hat waias not saidsaldsaid appearsaPpears to be pezhaperhapsnezha 16os noremore significant than whatw bat11at wasyosUOQ sidcidsaidocaldo later statements by certain church leaders are far more definite as to hatwhat is and what is not doctrinal fflucifertslucifer lantern in a notorious1vnotoriously antianttantimormonmormon publication zion lucifoxsluciferls lantern edited by A T schroeder there appeared anattackan attack on thetiye church typical of that peperiod1 bod1od the theologicallythteologrjca311y edloedioedionodnod sensualism of ranorimollmormondomadom finds further manifestationmanifestahioatloabion in itsitscobitscoconceptionacapti ionlon of heaven if I1 can geto et any intelageninteintelligentlAgenlaseninsen idea 0of the after lifeilfelleelipe ofoiioieoje mor nonsmonsnorasnonas by thetho study of their inaneinano sermons it is something son areaxaapeasaaso trwttltil re 0 racrec Lf 1on one 0of the s like this there n resurrection1 spiritoirlt the othother5.5 r of the fleshfleshclhischisjhis is an rrorarorerror for the church

1 1 teaches that the spirit never diecadiecd afteaateafter6 the second resurrection the spirit and the body are united and transplanted to solmesome placeinplacplaceplaceaneinin theiuniverbathe universe rherecherew1aere they ptherrathergather up enough raw planetary material out cfof which to atherorsorganizeorganiseanize a world to this worldwotwouldworid the resurrected man novnow hihieses llsolf and by virtue of the sealing poirepotrepower 0of1 the mormon priespriesthoodnood all the women who have been sealed to him for eternity dlaufa nn ereare attettattractedacted or ttransplanted0 rinseirinspi tpedaped to this 6sarasaresayeala- 3 planetpianetplanets here 4 theythayi e7 5setet tipuipup hoasehousehousekeepinhousekeepingkeepins as adam dddidL in 11 le grnarnorn r of e&7nd x aldandang thethey7 wlwill11 lirelive eternal livesilves ualunijtb e se scarscxrW M waa 2 x1xa tigrigfig or live utboryovy alidid evelp ailiailltalkfagalli anaesna4cesnae houldshould put txptuptipt jobJOL onOVI them as I1itt lididd14d14 on ewevela

1 1 0aioaeoveo1ioo this worwocorld of his o7matictioamin creacreationc lon thozhedhe man ailaliallvauvandll bebce thewhe godygod even as Aadanadamaam in ormon theologyL is thelf he god of thisth L s wotorldhorldrfidowido2 do heho is the king and his wives opqueens1agnsa ens thetheithetlr kingdom y illiliiii1 z 31 liiill3113113.1 conzisconcisconsist of theltheitheirtheini 0ownwm eternaletaretaoeteo n a progeny hence polygamy iele eessentialsentia because the extent and glory of every cansmansuanman kingdonkingdom in the hereafterhe-beafterreafterre after mustmustamusto depend on the number of wives sealed to him for eternityetornltyo such a conception of heaven is debdebasingasing because its hihighesthnestanest pleasure consistscon sistobistobistu only in the oaptuousnessvoluptuousnessvo fur- if nishedniantan hed byb z the greciangr cisnclancian hetaerahathabhebaera itsito only rewards are QQsen sndand alaataatuton bual3ual54uals adsadands the greatestP artestaatestaatest noonsmoans of0 exaltatione t lonion is a fecundity that would riceridenidemake a jacljacijack rcobifra udit envious

o Tto schroader edaedoednedj naglzionn tuj1r1L S salt C 0 edl asl lairlakece citycibyY A Tto schroeder 189819001190577011898190577011898 19001 13lslrv Ppe 05ojaoj7 72

suchsuchisuehl wedewedawore thee views of an ttalclactivev ivett non onon in 18990

19goprerentGO frebrepre rent ministerial Vvicsviesvico thersthorsthore were those of the c163yclergyay7y whoho also foundfound occasion toaoA attack ltormonisni forfoc soxsomsoresome of0 f itits tenets which they considered incompatibleincomapatible with the truth as vj meM pro they saw it the revrevo 0 paden of the presbyteriansbyterl an church was such a onsoneoneoongo under the caption PresbytepresbyterianspresbyterpresbytekpresbytenPresbytektenriansans and mormon n Ugodad0d de 8 e netts a page account an t the ildeseretret carried front of address by him in aichhichraleichralhich he saidsaldsaldsbalds

1 I1.1 have not looked into the adem god idea very muchmuehmuen and there is more in the eitingeltingwritingW L of apostle F D richards 1 on thek he matter than in any of the others I1 have seen but I1 thinkthiniethinic the church isia alshaialshainashamedaedned of the idea I1 find nothing about it in draado11. taitalmaselstalmagesTalbalmagestainTalm aSelsmages book orors in any orbof B heH robertsrobertsaroberts11 later writingwritingswriting33 he houhomwhord rm worship is no 1magnified man and cowre who worship are not minminimisedminimizedminimiimizedsedzed gods 1 refe honsnewsnows p a long de- the next day thetho deseretDeereftrett W publishedllblsshed editorial ffending the churchchurchesI1 s doctrine on god the remarks of rev adenpaden1kaden1 were also referred to by B Hho robertsrobertspRobertSy of the first councilcoulCOILleil of seventy when he spoke before the mutual improvement association conference a few days later 2 in 1907 the ministerial association prepared a review of a general statement of doctrinedocdoe torineprine which the church had pub- 11lishedshedasaasas a mormonPlorson addressadeAddIress to thefa he 17orldzuid the saltsaitsalsat t laet1101larelake1e1 e i2iei as elfeddaldoft cctedcited tier fcllcst As 0 0 the doctrinedocsrinedocSrinecine of deltydeityt Y thathe acdr9b3n ciaresclarescleresdaclaresdeclaresdadeclazines& 70we believe in the godheadgod head coprisingpulsingcomprisingra tthehe threethroe invividindivid

1 Idasefdase4jltjlt aulaglugausz igo16 190igo1901 aoqo 2tat OV r- y sa circhy y oopP jesus 2tyov33 a 9 saisaitsalsaltl lakeake clclycity charchchurch of 1 christcradisi cf latterlatterdayday saints 18971897000 J V decedecdeco 1901 1293012909129 3009 73

yo ay sonsony az d 464y czhozlto As ual perontoperonaopero1oezkzonases4 naenao fetherfatherfethefathe end eolyboly sioctsioch this dedeclaration0o lavation standlstands hateharehoreharohode daqt uliivill1 notklotknot perhacsperhaos surged lazation .1 1 it trithoiomtpithoia ol010 liatorialism11aterial 12m to christiarchristbarchristianss unfamiliar with monon theological teasotenso but when the1 hs full doctrine of .1 1 1110 r I1 tho daitvdaievdeltydeity s as taught ina mormonisloisio 1almon congregations is imoto 7 it tiltiiill7ill at once babo ojensaensconneenA A A that no christian can accept iteto intn fact the morionmormon church teaches that god the father hzhasA s a materialulaukaran body of ieshleshfflesh and boncbono that adam izia thethedthew god terialaerial q 41 aas of the human racepace that this Aadamcaadamcddara toaroatod vat7as physically bo gotten by another god that the gods werow ra once as ttowe are nojnow that there is a great multiplicity of gods that jesus christ raswasvas physically begotten by thetche heavenly father of mary his wife that as riarioTO have a heavenly father so also rieveulevie have a eelhethelvenlyheavenlyHeLvenly othermother1A that jasusjosus himself vaswas married and naswas plopioproprobablyprobablybablybabiy a polygamistpolygamistatat least so0 o it has been printedprizinG ed in their ptxolicatiopublicationsns and taught among their people and that the holy spirit is of material substance capable of actual transmissionthranet1ranemission from one person to anotheranother11 the ministerial association went on to quote from various church works and sermons among them the adam god sermon of brigham young the seersaer etc BH robertsrobartsrobertarobartarobertn again speaking in the annual AM I1 A conference of thathatbhat year denied their assertions relative to the identity 4of god christchristtschristas ts marriage etc9etcetca stating that such were the views of individual men and not the official doctrines of the churchcharchochurcho As latelato as 1929 paden wasas still concerning himself with adam and the mormon churchchurche 0 under a subheadingsub heading entitled father adanadam behe wrote & it wabwasveas one of Brigbrighamhanihanx young s teachings that adam is our fatfaifatheraheroherahen and our god the only god ithwith whom behavewehavewe have to do fozperpoz yearsyeatus I1 haxehavehawe iiimaginedoialialla rp ned thattl st the normonmormon authorities I1 verewere ashamed of this doctrine oroz s at eastleast were ineincinclinedlined to consider it as an outburstoutbuoutbud st of brigharaisbrighami8nBrigharalsharais ni ratherdatherkathervi than an inspirinspireinspiredad tanettenet of monttionisramorjnonisnu I1 was therefore surprisedsurpsupp isad to find the old hymn to adam and eva in the rno hymnal it is under thethotche title sons of michael if you knew the secretsseesecsocetsots of the 11orimormonnnonannon tonipletobltobi piepig you would knoknow that at a cartaincertain poirigoiripoint4- of csi0csniccaniccsia67 tthe Dlmorionoion ondovondoirentzalanttentyent service tenletentebenletempietemple uokersjokersvrozkes or officialsoff967icialoscialo zoesentingrepresentingra elohim anda-aeaaza ed jehovah01 h0 rah anteronterer r the creationcreatiozq room rithwithmith the archangelA michael aldandannd tha-thatv liichaldlichaoldilLIi chalchai beinbainbeingr put to sleepsleepy elohim makes passes ovoovedovodover hlahiahinhim

i 9.9 juzajuaajuneu a ly 19070 a lslltisiltisalt1 lakelame horridherald J n 4t 1907 771171.1

ar beathasbreathes upouponll11 hinhim and ho ven3vensvenaviensY 1r ns uuoupo as adsadeldaradaraderadamademm A littleai1i ae1e later a wowomanian is madenaidemaidemayde for hinhimhdm whoiewhoiahochahonhar13 calls eva in casecaske r- ss an yoyouryoupur credentialsC a a anti a1 vvillil 1 nnot0 t getS t yyou0u t1tathroughar0 rh tthethahe teipletcipioscipioto ernp L e aas8 iiss rnozemoremoze0 o e thtthanhan likely you viwilli1ia findfind the ightlightI1 neneededede d abas regardsadspds the identification of adam as michael in section 27 of theth doctrine andaind covenants where joseph the saedseersaerseep clarasdoclarasdo elarasspasapes thatt1ta at michael is adaadam the fatfathernor of all hethetj prince ofo-ff all thetho ancient of days herahere arereareene thrahrthreotareoco stanzas from the mormon hymn of praise and loyalty to adanadam and eveeva Roremembermember that joseph the prophet says dilldilimichaelmichaeitili chae 1 is adaadanm sons of klichaelmichael he approaches I1 risebiserises P the ancient father greet I1 bow yeyo thouthousandsthousandthousandspsandszandssp lowlovi before him minister before his fetfebfeet eothermother of our generations oriousTiglorious by great michaelsmichaolseichaYieMichamiemichaeilhaellolsalsais s side take thy childrens adoration endless with thy lord preside raise a chorus sons of michaelmichaei likalike old oceans9oceans roaring swellsivellysi7elly till the mighty acclamation tho resoundingspaceresounding space doth tell trlatthethattraTrl the ancient one doth reign inatthehis paradise againagaizoagaino S hymn 334133111 1 this particular hylanhymnhyran iaIs still loto10to be found in the latest hyhymn books used by the churchchurchechurchy Hohoweverwreverweever the writer does not recall hearing it in fact he TOSwasggs unaware of its existence until paden referred to it paden concludes his article on monUmorormonum by predictpredictinginge theirne church 111wi11 sheshodd or cease to magnify its polytheistic teachings and its peculiar conceptions of personality and it will unload old adam whom it has accepted in times past as the god of thetha human race 1122 B H roberts like orson pratt B HIL roberts was

30 li on a proliffic1 1za01iff ic writer and a 11liantbrilliantbr thinker his views the

iiiili111 koli7 paden Is13 morxonismmormonism11or onismeonism ansingchansingchancingchaneohaneCh insing biblicalbilblica1 review XIVX T V jaljuijulyy 1929 3913923913920391 3923920

abid L IV 2tbjtbtbidd JV p 40040 0 0 75

cupo E identity and muturoruifruifcuroruibburocuro of thethoVFW go 0 o polillps noivhoro bellrbollrol01

Z IL r expresseda 40 0 CI1 ilan in liihiihlo booboolboot orlonorion docidocy inoeno 0of desurdeitydescy a writingitinrr

.6 zt svan which came out of the robrobertavanrobertae 6 z- van Dderdedr doncetdonckt di curious of

1 19024902igoa4.902 a intn so far as adanadamACL am himself is concernsconcerneconconcernedcernecenne CL roberts has little if anything to say beyond that which isJs generally tauphltaughtu and understood in the churchchurchy in his afaforementionedorenorementionedmentioned book he does quote one of the most advanced of all of brigham youngyoungs sermonsermonssermontisermonsisermons1si1 with apparent tacit approval afof its doctrines although without cocorcocnmentment 2 he also aekacknoviledgesacknowledges adam as the grand patriarch of our race and the one who uillliiwill eventuallyeventually attain to the goveronship of thisohlsohiswhis earthearthsearthe referring to padenpadens

idea that the church was ashamedtlashamecL of brigham youngs teachings be says some of the sectarian ministers are saying thatthall we Morcormonsmormonsmons are ashamed of the doctrine announced by Presilpresidentdent brigham young to the eeffect4 fectfact thattha t adaradanadam iiiillwsillwaill thus be the god cfof this ivorworldsld kono friends it is not that we are ashaashamedraed of that doctrine if you see any change come over omour countenances ihenthenwhen this doctrine isiz named it is surprise astonishmzortastoniehnisnty that any orieorleonieone at all capable of grasping the lexlamiamlargenesseenessgeness and extent of the universe the isriergrandeurg2andeuranaeur of exeeziezistenceexistencex stence and thetha4 possiepossibpossibilities11ities inirllriizi man for poreor le raroithrrowthgroithgrotthgrogeocrowthith forfoz progress should bedo so iealealean of intellect shoulshouldghould have such a baucipaucipaucityty of andersundersunderstandingtw anding as to call it in question at all that is what our change of countenance reansneansmeans not shame forfon the doctrine brigham young taughttaught33

M more views Thejh0 inwrr ov ementM ent era liiiscellaneousrniscellsneorzsM viewsthe inartrjr carried the viewsvievirs of two church writers varhovrho gave iitt as their opinion batbalbaseded upon logic that adam was born of parents and not created cprupp upr 4appp 20 21

abo2b2bo H robertrobertaroberto lrorarormon doctrzdoctrydoctrine of Ddettydeity sait2saltaa a1 t lallailairere city 4 1 deseret keaskevs 1903 pa 299 frocrof a

0.0 T I1 Z ilidoalido appp 424243043430 I1ibid j 4243 76

r n in some indeindependentp enden t mannedmannermannonemannope one olof01 hosethoseW writers wabv4nvan jojohnr towallattowallAtA t ewallowall wooton 1 and the other williamilialilan halls2ealichallsa 2 thusus the matter continued to provoke debate promptingproranptng this roplycoply from the editors of the Ipiprovrovrob engirt sraeiraera to a question concernconcerningingang1ng it priesthood acrumlsquorum1sacrum ls table origin ofol01 mano in just whatwhart nannermanner did the mortalnortmorfmort al bodies of adam and eve comeconzeconaecomae into existence on thisthis earth this question comescommas fromfrorafronafrodaarora several eigahigaelgheignhigh Priestprieststs quormsququorumsormsorums of course all arleareanlearre familfamiliarlar with the statelenstatemenstastatementstementc in genesisgene sis 1-12681260 27 272 7 also in the book of0 P mosesn1na osecogoseco pearl of great price 227 and in the book of abraham tat7 these are the authentic statements of the scriptures ancient and modern and it Is best to rest with these until the lord shall see ffityitit to give more light on the subjactsubjacksubjectssubjaetjact whether the mortal bodiebodle s of man evolved in naturalnalkwalkvalkwaikw al process- es to oresentpresentdreopeore sent perfectperfectionionlon through the direction and power god cfof I1 whether the ffirstfiustlust Pparentsarents of our generati6nsgenerations adam and eve were transplanted from another spheresphlerelhereyberey with immortal tebernaclestabernacles wuchwhich became corrupted through sin mdend the partaking of natural foods in the process of time whether they were born here in mortality as other mortals have been are questions not fully answered in the revealed word 0ofC godgodagod33

orson yfbltnjfwhitdwhit 0another0 another of the poetpoets of the church was apostle orson ferguson whitneewhitney in his work elaseiaseliasellaseilas an epic of tha ages which sawsava its first aitionditioneditione in 1904 hee writes of the glory of ldaadaadmadam and speaks of those who are called to be the eve and adam of some world 0 one adearcare the human twain as sheathshenshem th and swordswordoomp woran17loiran and man thethinthimthem lady andthe lord each pair the evedve and adam olof01 sonesome world perchance unborn or into space unhurledunhurledeuhhurled & 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 chosen omniscient i1dranchildrench T of0 F the sun ieralerara 0onn citc 1 t iliIII111 june 1900ploo100igo 5959659606595065969606 2 L suprcsupacS p 0 63 bidobid XI marchovlaoviakarchch 1908 32532 suno1vav

3- 9 ercaencar 2nan073oty cit XIIIXTHI april isloiglo191029102.910 3570557070 71777

m one offspringOffsprins of adada ijichrol ancient 5 y i 11 cocorroai 3 v u ho0 corro3in anon hihis fiotflotfiorfloryfioryV hronethrone to rear his council scammoninsammonindamdumsammonin from far anandfl neelanear terten thousand tirtintinisis s ten thousand bow the kneekinee and fatherfrather hallhailhali him kingking eternallyeternally11 charles W penrosepenro e priprior to becoming an apostle in 1904 charles W penrose was editor of the deseret news in

that capacitcapaciocapacitycapacitoyo y he wrote an editorial entitled A piece ofolo010olm imper titinencenence dealing with the unwarranted liberty taken by the lamlatonilctonioni heralherathenatheralddad2 in publishing a private letter he had written to a mr anderson in replypeply to a query from him regarding Brighbrighamriariuaiu young1youngsyounga s teachings as to adanadani3adamadanie 3 the editor then quoted the aforementioned letter as follows salt lake city utah feb 17 1900 trbcryrbcd quincy anderson ozark mo your t 1 dear sirinsir in reply to letter 0of inquiry 0 I have to say that president Brigbrighamhernhamnhamu young in the discoursediscoudiacouise of which you speaks deak did not sayay that thethottheathe virgin mary was not over- shadowed by the holy chostaghostaghostlyghostsyf heho diddi a notnoc say that it was adam t he did riotnot say that tadaladadami was our only god what he diddi d say on this subbesubjesubjectet was tha-thatt jes-jesusjedusus was not begotI1 tentonbentbont by the holy gholstghosts he taught that jesus was the iffirstdirst begottenbenbem got ten of god in the spirit and the I1 only begottenbegottentbegotten1begotbagottent1 of god in the fleshfleshy As to adaradanadam he taught that he was god in the sense of being at the head of the humanhulmanhuamanhugman farifarlfanifamilyllly that heho piaswas1plas michael the ancient ol01of daysdayss and in the resurrection would be at the beadaheadaheado in that taavraavay the vuwholewhoie hixhiuhumanrannan family 1 yillruill11ll be related to jimim as his chIchildrendrendran and in the patri- archalrchalchai ororderouderderded he w1wawill11 beb e thet hea personagepers aeeage withvilviith whom heytheyto willwi 11 have to cbdo andtheand the only one in that capacity president young taught faith irinza that eternal being to whom adam and all of his race should bovbow in humble reverence who is our eternal father and the father of our elder brother jesus

10nsonrsonysony son PF whitney eliaseeliasg an epic of tiltinthea aesabesoagesoA es revised x etlelleti a a 1 0 pop o 77 atendand&t notatedannotated ditiorledition salt lake cityoltyltvf 1919419144 PP 777ab7b athe2thethe lonismpniL heradherahepa d rurasas the orsnjrsnorancz 74 of the reorganizedrar1 oi anizediced churillcherchchurchchurclla of jesus christ of01 latterlatterdayday saintsS ntzantz in iowa 1 I 4. 1 desdeb mar 21 p 4 0 1 deseretwdeseret everleneveringevening ies 10001900 78

christch e L st ananda is the reatgretyeat zlchni the journaltjo onalonai of disccurodiscourseses 1 1 1- 1111011 is not now inn print and I1 do netnot know1 ofoleoie any volvotvolumee now on sale 1 however 2 I1 have given you theri substancesubs laracelarkce of presidentpres ment

younss arrncr teteachinoteachingachino as to adam hophopingnrrC that this will be satisfasatishasatisfactoryetory I1 am youyoursns truly 11cC vif perrosepenroseperpen rose editor nevisnewisnews 1 the editors letter to anderson is follfollowedowad by a statement tnichanichvkiich says in partpantpa 11t

anyone 1 .1 who has carefully read leahelcahehe discourse ra willr1 1 per- ceive that our brief statement of its purport is correccorneccorrectt that there is nothing in one that is in conflict with the other that we have neither apologized for nor disputed anything contained in that one sermon whiwhichch has been so much misunderstood and perverted by the enemies of0I1 our e ven- 1 late ve- 0O eabieerableneable presidenpresident1 we are familiar with the doctrinelathe tauvhttaught and which he did not attempt fully to explain in the ddiscourse1 sco urse ahichabichwhich has been published and it should be underunden stood that the views entertained by that great leader and inspired servant of the lordloud vierewere not expressed as principles to be accepted by mankind as essential to salvation lkelilceake the prophet joseph smtthsmithsmithy his mind was enlightened as to many things which were beyond a common understandingunder s t anandinenvandinendinen and the declaration which would bring upon him the opposition of the ignorant thereothere are men in the church whordao entertain ideas of a more advanced nature somesornesong of wnidhvinich although they may be expressed in public are not put forth as binding upon any perpersonpensonpersoonsornsconsoon that whichvahvjh leh president young put forth in the discourse referred to is not oreachedpreached itherelthereither to the latterlattlattenlatterdayordayendayerdayer day saints or to the world as a part of eiththe creed of the churchcharchochurcho in answeringans neningering the letter of our correspondent we simply explainedexplaiexplainlnedened in private that whwhich1 ch was askedas11redlaredladed in private so that he might 71 understand the tenor of president youngsyoun cp s views and not with snyanyinykny intentionLI of0 f advocating or denying his doctrine or of controvertingcontrovert ing anythingthatanything that may have been said upon the subject by opponanopponentslbswbb of his utterances2utterances 2 there islissis a seeming inconsistency between the exexplanationplanation of the 11 purport11purport of the discoursedisy course and the editorteditorseditor1ss assertion that what brighamBrishan yoryocyoung was supposedly sasavingsayingving is not prepreachecpreachedachecL either touroLOO the latterlatterdayday saints or to the worldworlds if the penrose analyabaly

libidoI1 b i d aji2jibidd 799

el C L cin tj 1 sisS i S iIsS correctC0 r C ttherethedehe a is nno0 reasonz-e as 0 thyriacla iti slshouldou d nnot0 tU bobe

r TT ance I1 11 4 il 3 S thtiou171C 1 Ppro ache d slncesinceince it isJs no mre than i accepted tnrouhout0 out the chuchuichchurchichiehleh today andnanddand since the tirretime of joseph snithsmith however it is true that the accepted boetdoetdoctrinelneine on adanadam is not a part of the itereedItettereedcreed of the churchchurchy forfory formally speaking it has none this may wellweilcellwellweli be what the editor had in nindmindnindeminde a tvotwo years later in a lengthy articlearticieentitledll11 our fatfatherner adam n penrose took up the question of0 adanadamasadam1sadam s identity because it had been discussed in many circlecirciecircless recently n he wrote that the sermon in question had through additions mi- sinterpretations etc led to confusion and misunderstandingmi sunders landing and that the views then eiplexplexpressedessed were uttered in a single

ssennonsermone on which1 createcreatedCL Sso0 Muchmuch comment thatthalthabU the speaker did not afterwards enteenter into further details or explanations 1 l he exolaexplaexplainedined the sermon this way

the substance of prespreapresidentidentdent1dent1 youngyoungs s declaration wasas that the person ahovhavho was placed in the garden of eden and became the greatspeat progenitorQ of the hunanhhumanlinzanllnzan race is our father and our god he said furtahfurtherr 11andand is the only 1 1 y q ojeolp sodgod withith vihosvihozwhonwhom we have to do careful readinnreadingC of the entire address willty lii1111.11 show that residentpresident young comprehended muchmueh more on this subject than he then made knownluaown and thatchat I1 1 k wino he recardere7arderegardedI our fathefather adaiadaladam as the being who will stand inln eternity at the head of the human famfamily11yfly as the great patriarch and ruler over all his posteritypos teritberity and the pareyareparentat with whom they will have dcpersonalrsonalrhonal association and inter- course as the ineprerepresentationseinj11atlonaaionation and embodiment to thenthemuhendhen of all that constitutes thetho individualityitndividuality of the godhead2Godheadgodheads 2 the article goes on to acknowledge adam as Yinichaelmichaelchael the archangel the ancient of days and to say that his body was fash- e d ioned out of the earth that he died P was resurrectresurrected and is

L 0in V seet 80o80 ra 0or citot sentsept lp 1902 87380873800873880873 2lbid2tb4d6 80

11 subject to tthee great eloeioelohimtniioli013 the Eereternalrialzial fatherlatbatiatner of us allaila110 lahylyhyV hy presidentFre s 1 dent Yyoung0ung ssaidsaldai d adaaadamA dw an waswas oun0ourur godG0d iiss explainedexpI1 ai ne d by ceC W penrose

itI1 t was on the principledriecidrinci 0o e of0 thene patriarchalpavuriarchalurluniUri archalerchal order inza wwhichhIL ch thetche ffather is theu priestpriestsest and chief of0 1 theU he family anda-aladzad willw a 111 ather president young pro-I hold that olaceplaceX to all eternityeternityt hatthat claimedclacia ime d thetha supremacy of that personpe Jrsonoson who is our father and G CL ourOUT01 godTod0 because of oudourou personalpellsonalonai relationship to him 1 presidentprespues indent young so tauftaughtht theU he churchchurchy he cites statements by brigham young on the greatness of god lf which show that he believed in a supreme a deltydettydeity who is to be obeyed by adam and his posterity the church honors adam in his ststionatlonstation but it worships god the eternal father Ethis is the fundamental attitudea afof thetho church in 1931953 alsqalsocaleqalsoj the editor speaks of tlodponentsopponents of the church who are very fond of quo- tinsting isolated passages ffronfromdomromnom the discourse in question while ignoring the hundreds0 of allusions to that supreme being by president young on other occasionoccasionsoccasionsoso all this for the purpose of ridiculing our religionreligiontreligions and representing to the

A world thathatU wevi e worship a human being fforor oodogodogod the church has never formulated or adopted any theory concerning the subject treated upon by president young as to adam after baconbecomingbecombacominsing a member of the first fresidenpresidencyFrepresidenprapee siden y in 1911 president penrose reaffirmed the inferiority in station of adam to jesus itweit 2 christschristchristyA adaddingdi ng we do not worshipI1 adam but the father2Fatherfathers apparently his re reaffirmatiaffirmationreaffirmationon did not satisfy some for

itbiabbidtd

conference reiooredorrecioorenor t-tsz of the chuichurchurchc of joscosaj0j o subsuscs christchuittchtchrchu ittistft ofoao& latte dav faintssaintssainte&aints itsallidsallS a- t ijlaksaka cityca ity daserde s 0 eott s printspri nt sa abpiaopi7oub estesto iboibbl5b0 april 1915igligi191 appp hobilo41holb1041lohoilholi1141 818

v goztan 7. w tthethohe vedyvodyvery0 i y nozt07t youryounr hho0 aainalncrai n aaddre3dddr d hhimselfi ir f tto0 thethohc Ssubjectabub lr C t sayings thedethedathedethere tilistill remainsrpmalnrp nainmalnmain I1 canca-a toll by thetho letters I1 have alluded totoj ann idea amonsamong some of the people that adam was and iis the almighty and eternal god 1 1 once more heh discussed the Datripatriarchalarchal rule of adam over his earthly posterity remarking now because of that and some other little matters that might 0 beba mentioned 1vav the notion has taken hold of some of our brethrenbro thren thatthatadamadam is the being that wew should worship 2 the problem of the identification of elohim the fathersfather jehovah christ and michael adam is taken iidlidup by presidentiredidesEres ident penrose in order to drav a clear distinction be- ttweenaxeenakgen these individuals 113 in doing 30so he emphatically de-do- o dareclareshurehude 3 adam to be michael only not god the father the be bettorgettor of jesus christ the address should be studied in itsita entirety since it gives an excellent statement of the present doctrine of the churchchurchy it should suffice to say that this was not the last time PrepresidentsUdent penrose wasryssryasvyas obliged to discuss adanadamadansadamss identity theThe first1 istidtastzst prasiden2presidencyo inn the course of answering an inquiryinouiry about the origin of manmanuaftamanu afta one which like many others utaswasuras probably a reflectreflectiondeflectaionalonoion of the debate on socalledso called darwin- tdaldaism then beginning to gain momentumthemomentum thetho then firsfirst pres- ideidencyn1ynrynay COprisingconprisingcon comprising Preslpresidentdent josephjoeephjosoph faP smith and two counsecounselorslorslonsions john roR winder and anthon H lund wrote bhatwhat may be termed an

Z 1 official expression 0of theohephe positionpozil0ulonwion which the church took as

abidtbidTb id aprilpriI1 6 1916agenge p 16ige ibid p 1T

3 f13 bi ilaprillouiiouli 1922192221 papoppo 2323 ah2h21 0 082 to adadam adaaadan our groat progenitorspogep oge aitor thothe firstf nanman n 172 like chrlschrischristyazoIZO a proexistentpro existent spiritspirspid t and ilkelike1 ike christ he took urionudomupon hinhimirainalna an appropiateapp2opiatoappropriate body the body of a man and so bbecanebecame a living souisouleouloboulo 1 l subsequently the successor to joseph feF sithsnithsmith heber J grant iteratedreiteratedra the saneoar-samerie doctrine in 192 when he had a portion of his predecessors statement including thetho above quote printed verbatim in the tmdrovementiirippovenent era over the signature of himself and his too660two counselors 2 president smith and his counselors issued another official statement in 19121912619136 & speculations as to thetha career of adam before he came to the earth are of no real valuevaluer we learn by revelation that he was michaeltiich&e1 the Ararchangarchangelchanschangailaelipailv and that hhe stands at the head archana1 of hisllis posterity on eadeariearearteadi thethosheLoh docdoctrineDoe torine and Covenacovenantsants sect 107053511070 53 510 dogmatic assertions do not take the place of 1073 4 revelation0 at W 0n and wevre should be satissatisfiedfedyed with that which is accepted as doctrine and not discuss mattersmattera thatthatychaty artelaftelaftersafter1w all disputes ara merely matters of ththaory3noryaory3 thethatho above may wellweilweli have been prompted by a letter virittonwritten to the first presidency by one of the mission president sarsamuel7aelaeiual 0 bennion inquiring for information relative to bisBizbizharmBrigbrighaaihaaihazihazlharmhanm youngyoungs adam god discourse because of thetho obvious

atau 1 importance1 0atal6 tcclice of0 the first residencesresidencyspresidency reply in establishing officiall6la16 church vieva it is quoted in full yourvou cuclestioncuestionquestionestion cozacerconcerningningaing adsadanadami heaheuheasheushass not been ansaneansweredcereduered fcofoebofoto becaubecausese of a pressureprazsureorazprespracprecprazsarssurssure of irrziportantirjpoptant business vie nene you clr nojnorno i rospondrcopondroopond briefly but e hooehohopeoe plainly 0 speakspe llr of0 sz youngvourjvourarj e S US vas s a d O ham VOU jesus be th abortionrz i on madeebyabyby br ieighanaghanCI0 har thatha 7 gottenI1 tj on of the father in thetho flesh by our atherfather adaladaradam and that adanadamagan is the fathefethefatherfetherrether of jesus christ and not thetha holy ohogho U and you say that lderideceliderdc 4ro adearcareawe46 cmllengredchallenged by certaincontain

t 4 r P z C V nova 80 2 0 L etaerara ooono00 citJVJ eslesi nov2eovnov 1909 POp boid2oida 9 sepsept 1925192 p 1090 3 cp clcitt icpchluchI uch 1912 p li11171177111717 83 crliic tovo prove thl

i umigunj nr aa e w if you witw11wyli cajecarefullyuelunj szasyaeyaanidneidneaiaiidnea4 ne thee dermonbermonsermonz e ranuanc tto0 whichh c youy 0u refer inn thee journal0 uznnann aI1 0off discoursesDi z c 0ur es vol ly13 you vill411v 1 cn L IC ali discover tfchafcn t chileuhlievhilehi a presidentPra s 1 de t youngYoun deniedden e d thatt1 hat jcusacusj L us ga 1 vas begotten byby tthe holy ghostg1 0 s heho did nonot affiaffaaffirmZ n in so nanymany gla ea I1 a C LIZ az I1 any ardsoedscordsvords Y that adallabarradarr is thegl1ola ffathera e6 of jaj0jeusjoua chichistetz 1z inn tthethoh0 1 riesariesbI e sh helielleile sedSsalidad4d jeuselusel us our elder tootherto other jas begottenbeit U en inI1 n the flesh bbyY tthezheh sanosavas characterchazactei that raswaszas in tthe dandencan M f of edendo 6aaa and whot is oudouro-l r fotherflpotherthartherthad in heaven ahovho0 is OUour fatherfat0hel in heaven hereheuehaduevuelre lo10 Vwhatkat frefsdrefspresident1 dentdenz young aid about eduedm oueour fatherfaithelfaithee in heaven71deaven begtbezbecbeat 1 all the spirits that ever redeuedevorewere or evedeverover ivill be upon this earthgarth and they terereue born opi11hits in thetohe oter aaljaljai worldsviov1d then the by hiitiaatia ppo0 bcrvengeu7cr7 0 spiritsapirits eternal ther lord ft to meo A A Wvaas andendan d misdomviisdoimyisdom organiorganizedsedzed thezhe mlornoortalkiortalKi taital tabertabartabernaclesnaciosa &0 of man a 3 he in the garden of eden surely he gave commandmentscoanamanandren s H coandrent to adanadam and eve he zeasas thoin father in hezaveheaven41 they wors or shipped him and taught their children aftrafarafter the fall to worship and&nd obey him in the naanamnananama of ththe son tho was to conecomeconeo

but president yoyounglanglzng went on todaodoo show tthatlatlctbatiat our father adam that is our earthly father the progenitorproc editorenitor of the race c- ofthmelnman stands at ouourr head beinbeingbe in i michaeimichael the archangel TT the ancient of days ansndandd that heh-l wasw as not fashionedfashionedfashioned from the earth like an adobe but bebegottenotten by eiselshis father in heaven

tup6 adam is called in thetho bible the son of god luireluidelucreLlulretur1uraure 3 0 38 it vaswas our father in heaven who begat the spirit of einhiabiaelneiaelaB ia hothowhoulouboT irastrasivaswas the Firstfirstbornborn of allaliail thetho spispirspiritsr ts thatthad eemecame to thistabistobis antharthaarthaarah anadannd and vilviihoio was alsoaisoesoasoL his father by idthehe virgin iaryillarrillaxrlaryj aakinnmaking elmeimhim the only gottonbegottenbegottonBe in the fleshflechaflecho lt read aze 6 hjulluke1zetze I1 263526126 35 where jasusjesusjasud the only begottenbe9otten of 2 is called ewiepi the holy ghost heho Is always sinsinp3ledd out as bhehethe onlycn6y ti 0 v 1 1 6 beg john 13 09fg 16 .9 18 Berbegottenrotten of the father itla 09.09 9 etcjetcaetcete ththe holy csiostgarostgaaost came upon karyyarymary and herl3conception was under that influencenfluence even the spirit of life t our father in vaswas son lritri whom heaven as the fathefatherr of tho of karykadyiarylarylady P to the saviorsav loeioebor1or prayed as did our earthly father adanzdanadam

7zaz 1 1 e 4 4 ynen azpz L c1ca young yed vin S 40 e a hgrn e anenlneineninen president6 s ent youndLD asasedted rinho0 1is the farfarherfacherfacFsrther h was7783waz7793 speaking of adam astheagtheas the of 0oudourur earthlyes thivth17 bodies T fheraher z uhcjhc i 3 atant our headhoad 2 retrevrevealedteataarea ed inn doctrixiedoctiriineDoc trixie and covenantcorcov enantanant 4.4 S ea e sectione c i on 107107pv verseverses 53 e6 in hatthat sense he isin one of0 he 536 1 codsoodsgods referred to in numerous bcrscrscripturesscriptxres1pap uresureeunee and particularparticularlyy by christ john 1034361034103143610.3143610314 36 he is the great patriarchyPatr 1 ar oh thehe indentA en of0 0.0 days Uvrhouthourho 0 villtwill stand irin hhisas1s placepl ace as a prince 1 T 7 0overV e uusS foreverfore ardard vith tholthonthom 0o shell have to foltcodott p aclzclasS cacheach fa miimilmdi y will17 illtiltii hveave1 lave totjotoo doe0 ithith its heedhead corcircorcinaccorcirac to thetho hrkoly1 v patriarchalPs V 1 archeL order our fcfatherther ademadamad perlpeelperlpenlperfectedPeelpeclvedqed sndandnd slorifiedcicglorifiedgic yiy ified asac a god willW be a bein dhoaodao willwilill212.1 carry out0 the beibeilesbeliesbehestslesies ts of the great sloheimelcheimelvheim in relation to his poeteepoeteaposterityri I1 y 84

Wmiilemaile1 0 r paulpau puts it tlealctherlc bebc 0coelcodscoesoeloes 1 ry7 and lodsloit dzadz tunyluny etherotherothorvhothorwiletherwilethexvh in iljvcn orOP in czarozarce rfchrachgh tc1uc us 17thothorthorerer e 13 but god & ala 41 ajyj 11 A 0olmrierio tho ftihcifztthoiv 0of vhcmvehorila avac all thinlthinthial anandal1l oleoaooneonoil lordloaddordlozdordoz d C 1aaa zno n C 1 Jjesuse su s christhr s t bbyy iwhomh0m crecnera allailalia I1 tthingshings theThe churchhurhud ch 0of1 Jjesus0 sus christchud s t of latlatterlatterdaytertep ddaysayuay saintsaintss I1 orjhipor h p him and himlit114114 r alalonsaloneon ehowho is the fatherdatherpathed of jesus caristchrist whonwhom ho vworshitoadwodwor hi o dedoed vjhorawnomwenom adam worshippedwor shipped and vinovh 0 is god the eternal father of us allailaliiailiaallalll1 the actual writing of the letter may havehava been done by C WwibnroseWibfbnrrosnrosee since it is very ssimilar11calar11ralarcAlarI1 in tone content and style to his previously quoted statements in 1916 the first presidency and the quorum of the twelveti apostles issued an official treatisetreatize on the father and the son which further clarifieslarllaritarlfiesfles the teachings of the church regarding their identi-

11 2 ttiese S 0 seminary 10curesie resIneturesinetunesinpesin in 1921 a series of lectures Cgiven by various prominent speakers in the churchchurchy were held at the brigham young university in provo utah one of the topics the fall of nianmanmen was discussdiscussedGd by john Mme whitakerv11hitaker who advanced the opinion thatthata adam was a resurrected man

0 ol01T aramra goinegoing to aassume resdonzibilityresponsibility for makinsmaking this stactestatementnentment thatthet manssecaitecarrecame herhorhorehope raswas placed here as an iinortalortaopta 1 glorified rezurreresurrectedctedacted beingbeings I1 rantwantwantwent to make rzvselfmyself elearclear because these la cfcures2betures are going to the brethrenb thren anandenddifif heytheyV want to correct them they can

6 I1 clieve7 e i WSLStv c S thathadtD fruitrainruin ihatahat charseccharchan secseq anand onriedmcodriedodriedtiede adaA tisaisals7 s resuznresurrected dadubody andanc adainagainaealnaina made it subiectsubject to dethde al h Is that clearclea4cleabr at least I1 want you to get my ideosgideosidea endando&nd naynoymoy I17 say thejhcthethc church does not teach this asaiseisers doctrine elanyzanymany of theglac authoauthoritiest es do others teach that

ilet Lietieraer from the presidency joseph F snitsmitsnithysmithpsmithyhp letter first1 lallnlnthonanthonhon hoE lundund chas VV crose to S 000oo bennion feb 20p20 1912

2 I1 L SE L .9 lreire J nalriiaretalrcage 9 1 artjcls cf faith sitsalsai211 cit church of jesus christ of Llatteratl er wddyay saintsa 1937 L PP 44737 3 8

a body was preppreparedereio inn 2sonesome0 me way forfodf ox Aadamadurtdurn anandd sveeveve

1 an 1 althoughS ah1hcuh yhltalrerh t I r bbelievede I1 ie ve d Aadatiadaeladanid cmL to be a resurrected nianman hhea nittadnistadadmittedadnaan that adanadamadanaadamaadamu was not borshiworshiworshippeded by the church nor prelprepnepree surisuriablysumablysurasunaably by himself as god the fatherfathers apostleapostole melvimelvinmeivinmelvlnn JL ballard who also spoke the same day seemingly agreed with whitaker forfonfoix he said 0 what brother whitakeruhiuhtwhi takerzaker hashesna s ssaiddaiddaldaa d I1 agree with with reference to his fall and masmants coming herechere2hereherg t2ta ballard then suggested that adanadamgdanJ hadhaldhayd two ways of regaining his lost immortality one was by partaking of the fruit of the tree of0 t1 lifelire11 fe and so recovering from the mortal condition apparently and tthehe other was through thefeemee atonement of jesus christ

laelll7ell man hlhass fallen holhoi7hoidV can he get back what is the antidote the antidotantidotee was the tree of life but he vuvaswasas driven out from iteito nowN ow what elseeiseelsoeiso a the antidote was the death of a god and v6jesusvaT sus christ was a god before he 3 caracacecececamacame into thisthia worldworldsle 0 joeph joseph fielairyieldingis sithesmith perhaps4.4 no other living leader of the church is so highly respected for his knowledge and understanding of its principles and doctrines as is joseph yieldingi elding smithsmithy president of the quorum of the twelve apostles and a son of former president joseph F snismisnithesnithysmithysmiijijho he does not subscribe to the views just quoted as to adam being a resurrected man nor to the modemmodern concepts of biological evolution evenevanevon in the church there ateareazine a scattered few who are 4 U eap w ncnonoinoj j advoaavoadvocatingc atins and econtendingantenonten ding thattha thisthithl s earthear thlhl wasas peoplepeopledd v1va ibba1 iritha11itha racerecenece perhapswperhaps r anymany racesraeespecepeeepaces ionolonolong before the days of ithalthaitba race go adaradamadcm these menmon desire of course to scharescuaresquareA the teachings

lbricrhambrigham young 11versityuniversityunUn 1 senviincnsatsetsajrrySajprypuyrry lectlectureureuxrezupe provo utahtitlitut ah 19211921.19215 lecture X juneime 24t21 19ttiyped19 type d s

2 tl 3 1 1 ibidrbL od lecture XI 3lbllb I d

P hoson .4 6 op D losonorsonA eydehyde wesWBGwag oof4 this orinionorinnion J of DV 00ooO o cit II1111T 79 0&

17 1 1 c s3 iinn tthethaI bibiebibleib I1e wwithth thetin e tteachingse a ch1n 7 S3 0ofif rnmodern6 od z n sciences arc ahiloellohil

ay .11 Y 11aa11 U n CA osophyoso 1y in regardnegard to the agea Ce ofc rhezheh e earthca t 4 A andn d 1ilfelifee ucuuponc 0n it q ilif you hear anyone talking this way you naymay ansvcransu c r ththenthemerneyn by savinssaying thsthgttegtohs fc the doctrinedoctdoatr lneine of pre adamites is notnoto a doctrine of th ghtirchchurchyGhtirch andana is not advocatedadvocatedS evocatevocate ed or coultencountenancedcountencounten zicelziced in the churchC I1 ir there is no wazrsitbarrantvarrantvarrant in thetho scripturescrbcr intureinjure not an authen- z LO S 3 I1 1 L B ae rne C Ccanmw ticto vord0 tto0 susU zcaina n ito butit tthene revelations2e v e at i ons of0 L titheirelne lorlonlorddorddond rre- 4 H A n S 4 in A 13 vveale a adamd aas the0 e ancientn c i en ofc daysdaY s michaeimichaelh ie I1 tthethoh Aarchangelrhan e wnv ho0 is opontedappointedoponted to have jjurisdictionudiuri dic on through all time and eternity0 t on this earth and to presidepresade ovedaverioveriover under the 1 it ddirection4huesbues ct ionson of jesus christchristo he is calledca 9 led by the lo-lorda the arzt nanmanman of0 ALL mnenfion uuponp0pan theth e earthy andn the prophet1 io lrztfirati f it earth prophe Jjoseph0 s ephsrziithsmith has said commencingbommencommen ctingacting 1withvith adanadamadaneadameadamy who was the firstnevealnanrilannilanman whovirto is spoken of in dandanieldanselleileliel as being the ancient a 101.0ua of davsdaysV or in other words 2 tthor first andend oldesoidesoldest of0 1 all thisthibs isi s ttheliztyezye dodoctrinec trin xyhichvfnvan i ch has been taught by authority in thethlthichurch regard-regardinging adam & 0 6 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

P the lord hashz s nenot seerseen J to us definitely just how fitit1 tellteil acan camer we nonoi LI X adaaadan for are notno1 readyW to receive that truthtruthetrutho he did not come here a resurrected being to die again for we z arareauee taught most clearly that thosethosa who pass through the resurrection receive eternal life and can die no rnnorenonemore0.0 re the timezimedimeIL 1.1 nie will come when we shall be informed all about adam and the manner of creation for the lord has promisedromiserromised that when hohae coniesconescomes he will make allalial things imcwn1mam ounown 1 john A hvidtvvidtwidtgoeloezoesoe Tthe subject of adarsldaradaradanOs identity has received attention at least three times within the last eighteen years in church publications the first of these was an arUspuapuarticleleieiele in the church section of the deseret neivsalewsnlews entitled adam our Patripatriarchalarchalerchal fetfathersfetherfather2FatherFatherll 2 by S D mooremoonemoo pe jr the second ahatvhatwhat are the facts concerningconeeconceraing the stalledSoalsoalledsoaiso calledled adamadamgodgod theorytheorytfTf by i apostle john A widtsoeWidt soe was first published in the iminrpr ovenientorovernant braerseps in 1938 under the general heading evidences and reconcilia- tion tt3tta

1 ithethe utahutahgenealogicalgezGenealogicalM alozicalalogical and historicalH l tvie5zazir0magazine salt lake citjtbjt7 genealgeneatgenealogicalogicallogical society of utah 1910401 9101910 400vav XXIXXL junerunenune 19309 3 1571477 ffxf 2 eserow awsews 13 351v 1 19 eserotdzsaretI adrilapril 193i athie3thiethe third azzuaaruarticleleielele is coconsideredasideredwed in chaijchanjchapteru0azn fivafiveita111 va 8 sideeideelde 7idtsoeavidvvid asoousoo labelsiabeis the idedc2caicieg tlthatlat adam is god the tatherlatherfather the barentoarentparent of jesusesusisus chrchristlstalst the eelieailveil zornworn ad G od

aich & myth fronfrom wliichchichvhichlichilch a iongI1longong seriessediess e &r ies off absurd and false doductiodeductionsriszis have been made 11 citing the april 9 1858521821 852.852 discourse he says 1 cacertaintain statements2 I therethe ee iadeaadeyade are confusingconfuisfujs L ns if read supe- filiallyficiallyrficialallyailyly but very clear read with context ene- fici 4 if their miesM 1 a s ofc 1 iiresfirespresidentairesbires ident chanabhama younsyoung and of the church haveehlajhla ve 1 1l brightbri taken 1 L advantageincivairtar7eae of0 I1 hethe o0porunlopportunityU 4.4 ty andan havhevhave used these sts alementsalementacatementsstatements repeatedly and widelyziideisideiv to do irinjuryur y tolo10 the 1eputiationreputation of presidentresidentpresident young andend the viormomormonvI ormo n people an honest reading of this sermon and of otherothorothorhgr reported discourwiscourdiscoursesdiscour 10511131 es of presidentpres ldonteldont na briehnbrighnbrigham young proves thatthald the greatgroatgreatfgreaff second president ofL the churmchurchchuum held no such views as have been put into his mouth in the form of the adamadamgodgod mythimythol elder widtsoe explains that it vas in the sense of patriarchal leadership over hihiychiyi own earthly progeny that adam was decladeciadeclaredivd to be our fatfatherhenher and our god and the only god

i with whomwewhonwhom we have to dodot by brighbrighamam young nowhere is ititaito surrsurpsuggestedgested that adam is god the father whose child adam himself tsaswas tl As oroliprooforooi of this contention the fact that the selsersermonbmonamon itself makes a clear distldistinctionlaelactionfactionLac tion between elohim jehovah and michael is citedciterocitedo eldereider widtsoeviidtsoe further points out that in another discdisediscourseourse adam is identified as a son of the lord and thus clearly president younayoungyounv hereharehapehepe distinguishes betweenbetwbeaween god the father and adaradam theuhe firstfinst man in refuting the notion hatthat14 adanadamadaza was the atherffather of christ he says this deductioradeduction cannot be nademademlade fairly in view of the con- LCIXU 16 tent or0 of his other publishedjaj6 atteutteutterancesances on the subject adaradam and eveve wanverewamwemremeveme not the only persons in the garden of P i 1 .6 go op.6 w eden forfonor they heard the voicevolcevoace ofo 6 tthee Llorddorddond0 6 d godd walkingkin in the gardengaddengayden in the cool of the day anesisonesisgenesisonesis 38 Ppresidentes youryounyoung undoubtedlyzm had f a personpensonpeersonreonweon mind esidantidentidant doubtedly thatthi in ft for he didJL not say ldaradaradam but our father in heaven

tohnlohnjohn A 71vjidtsoedtdtsoedesoesoe fvi&sevievl denceiai1 es snnandd re con cl I11 i atiattrt tionseionsonsoms saisaitsaltsal t lelaica citoltgitcityoltygityottyY bookcraftbookeraftayt 1943 PP 217-2572twkij 1 90 8 in nanymanyramrnm tr dl scoscourkesscoursesscouarsesursescesc es pcsidrt YT fofoafofpa to jr u a3aaa ttheho onlyon 1 Y B begotten0 tt en of0 f thezhetalt1l 6 aheuahauD ahera e 1 7hlchetherhvrh ddaa voulavoulcu not nauenave lenlonconn true had adladi been thetahe earthly fatherzather of JesujesuooJ e S uoos e 1 it 1 I seemss unnecessary to offeropfellopfelr more evideevidenceracezace that brihameniB n 1 l yoangyoungyoayouyo a ac ershan 4c 4 j heldheidh eI1d tthehe accepteda c ce e d doctrine0 c1rcar ne of the chuvchchurchychuichchurch thatt ha to godv4V 4 0 tthehd 1 j pa 1 fatherfetherpether and nonot adaiadaradani iiss theV1 e earthlye ar hhlL Y aathurpathur11 r of jjesusa S u S pregc you in all this prelpresidentident yourayourzig merely followed the estab-ezllehllU ab lishedh e d doctrine of thetho chur-churchych 1

the spectiveperspectiveperpen spec tive of years brinasbribringsnabnasngs out the remarkable fact 1 thatthsohs t though the enenergies1eiaeikeikel i L s of the latterlatterdayday saintsI havhave had accesaccasaccessS in printedprI1 ntedanted form to the hundredshurdhundreds of iscoursesdiscoursesd is courses of erigharara r young only halfha L aal dozen statements have been use- F 0.0 c 1umm a s 4 e i if ffulul to thehe calumniatorsaI i c of the foulderfounderfounded1rcun r- ofo utah of thesethebehe s e V theI1 he sermons e ra 0n of0 f april 9 182 which has beannbeenbean buotcuotquoteded most ffrequentlyre quen 511521 presents no errors of fact or doctrine if 4 read under sstanstandingly4antanaan didinglynglyangly and honestlyhonestly22

niepie avithyvithun liethe wordswor s of john itA idtcoevidtsoeVidtvi soesog we cordecomecorne to40 0 an end of the views of others from 1821852 to the azpresentpzbesenwbeseny time as they have appeared in various church and nonchurchnononq 1churchjhoareh publicatpublicationslonsionstons there have been claims and counter claims theories facts and fictions according to thetkte position one assumes relatralatrelative16ve to thath9 matter4 4 ar there are however two points which emergeemargeergeange asas irrefutable facts the first Is that the assertion made by some that the church secretly acknowledges adam as god the father the parent of christchristy is without anyamy foundation in truth this jyrljytlprjth has been repeatedly exploded by one authority after another in the last fifty years v the second concomitant with the firstfirsty is that the actual doctrines of ththe church regardindegardinreregardinggardin adam have been set forth in equal clarity he is identified as michael the 41nchangelarchangelnchangel a spiritsoics airoir lt childch ildiid11d of god flioaliovho was forera e ordainordainededt to

irbidarbidIr bid ppo 2802800 sezrasenra appp 78s78 79 3

ibid2tatybiaibiaG p 2900290 supra p 78 89

come to this earth and enter into a bodybealyboaly ofc P imiiirortalnaorualna ordalorUal flesh and bolebolabolobonebona ahidawhidiwhida was in sosom manner P-neparadpreparedA for him he together with his wife eve fell to a nortmodtmortaortal1 state thereafterthe reafter heythey begat mortal chilchiichildrendran obeyed thlthsohsC gospel laws taught thenthelathemthera by heavenly beibesbeingsrigs andund eventually died a physical deathdeathsdeathe foll- loiiollolowinging the resurrection of chrchristyistaisto they werewene themselves resur- a reefed as celestial beings and are now enthroned with all the majesty and honor due them as progenitors of the race on earth in the futiefuture adam will return to the earth as the ancient of days tf primarily to return all of the ineyskeysiseys of authority

1 1 ba go t 1 114 JZ sz heheldheidI1 b7by sodsd s Sservantsez va3vasvaa iri tthetha differentd e Z e rt ddispensationsi s e n S a 0 0 0off ththiss

cridorld14ctid to jesusgresus christchristschristy hahiss superiorsueisu- ezlorlodbcricr uponU ionkonkionyonvionktyon thetinaatinae completionietlet on of his mission pertaining to this earthoearthearthy christ iliill111willwiil in turn eivaelvagive an accounting of his stewardship and surrender all godo authority to his father and oodgod o this is the substance of official church doctrine regarding adam 1

joseph fieldingPipieldingw4edi z raithmaithmatthstraithSr thechefhe tzyazy y to efectonecton salt elding sith L electonef laicelalcebalce city gaylleagenealogicallogical societyboc3oc iety coff UULt aar 19lbC chapchapt torton 3 8128 122 40400 CHAPTER V

joseljosepeJOSEMJOSEPH SMITH AND teeTIMTHE STANDARDSTAXDARD WORKS

to complete the circle of thist 1aisals study it will bebe necessary and desirable to review the beginnings of latterlatterdayday saint theology relative to adam this rquiresrequiresc a consideration of the teachings of the prophet joseph smith and of his associates prior to 185218523 and a brief appraisal of the standard worksworksttworkett of the church the bible the bookboox of Mormodmormonimons the doctrineanddoctrine and ft covenants and the pearl of great priceepricedpricoe there are three questions stemming from the early period of the church for which abstanstanswersaers are sought in this chapter 1 1 what is to be found in the earliest publications of the church concerningco nceneerniani ng adamasadam1sadam s iiden- tity 2 what did joseph smith teach 3 whathat do the stan- dardCI worlworksrcs as such reveal

early publications of the church it was onlyon Y about five months after the church was organizedorgani sedzed on april 6 8301830X that thetha prophet joseph smith received a revelation from god iidentifyingdent 1 fyingdying adanadam as michaelmiichael the archangel the ancientA cientclentchent of dayse 1 the passing yearyearss saw otherothenothothonoinorn reveroveneverevelationsiallal131 ct i ons reiteatoreitrelteato this doctrine ardand it hashae esvernsverM vel

doctonedoctineDoc tinatine andend covcnptscoven ntsants calachlacharchchurchchanchnekinekl of Jjesusus carllcnrllchrist OLof41 C 4 tayo an 4 latterlatterdayday saintseilellain saltsaitS lakee city1 t-oyo 192192319283n sectsectasecka 2712711

90go 91

cl n d by a- y thao C been allendchallendchallandchhallenrhallene any charchchurch authority since originalD

A 1 111 lah 1 L .1 11h announcementan-n 0 U 1 0 e 1 zia311z11 L vawaz nademade the first newspsnespspepperpen published by the chcharchchurcharch the evenincndevenlngevenlong snd corning steistai sokespoke ofojI1 adam as thaththecnc firstarstfirstfinst lembermemberrn of thetlletine church of christ on earth and the first 1 high priest afteraftena-atenter the order of the son of godgod11l of the pas-

singin of adadanadamalm3lm from this world it said adam fellfelifeiljeliwellpell asleep in sa thetho lord only fiftyfiftysevenseven years before zion even the city of enoch viaswas taken uuoupo to the bosom of god 2 later ahenwhen the evening and orningmorning14 starstea was piColipublishedshed by oliver cowdery in kirtland ohio it asked iddiohoidnio could the ancienancient of days be 1133 but our father adaiadaladanadam surely none other 0

W WVVS phelps who edited Tthe toaderloadenpaper in missouri in 1832- 1833 wrote two poems dealing vathvzthvi th hethe fall of man and the lost gloriesej1cz1ies of eden and adam liidioiidi zhilan the place where zdanadanadam met vedthfth his ri&atzrighteousous poposteritposterityposteritysterity bebeforedeforeorsiarstoretorst his deathdeaths in the poenpoem n adamUam ondlondi ahnenahmanahmen he impllcityimnlicity identifies chrischristt aass 47jehovaheh 0v oodgodoodsgodss old testament name in editingwriting that prior to the spread of01 evil men did live a holy race andanclanci worship jesus ffaceace to ffacea ee inn 1adaiadeiadaldan 0ondind i ahmanahman nitettk- I1itt mmightaa&a beb e rwwellweliweile11 tto0 ccompare0 p ax-e thisth s eexpressionpnepngpre S s jion ffromr om phephelpsipsaps withwi th titiitijthej e previouslypre v 1 ouslybously buotecuotequoteda stanza ffromdomrom

bsd 115 n sr hishie later Ppoenpoem0 itr1hehe ksdspirittritatrit0 TtheA ae&e eccndsecond of hishilshits two early

n ss n poarpoer 0 adanadamt an whtiewhilewhlige perhapsp e SP indicating a certapertacertain interestintereatinter ea

ao renlnp7 e n nF anda n orrorccrrcrrjingr rtjing t irdspendenceDs nc4ncc en C e 2o20 7 C Villwilliamslanisianis aldeadaadsndand coC lc331b3lc 2 33 ateadstvaravararsC 118338339.8339 arb ji nl I1 1 6q 3tbidop may 18 pe 308 2rbibfdo a-apriltor 1833 110piaolao 169 bid 18344 P

L al 4 er day seisea e L e n a asndandd voevoc te attert seintameintaints teenerr 7 doctevocte elrtlnd 00. F CG 7 itlijrs 6 co00 ibtitIBeinelnTiT3.3 7 I1 ritlillrixitE r J ll1144 av i 5v ra s PSp 92 i-ina thethat first dispensationdicildil i spensspene ationyon possibly as a resultresuitz eluzesuz of the pu- liblication3 rcaliccationcatlona of ththea zrritinzsreiceilingsveilingsveiuhl tingslings ofcloolooij closes andz- laterlatezlated of abrahanabrahabrahamar hasna s nno0 especiaespecialespeelapecia sienestenesignificanceicanceacance for thitthisthiethle ststudyad y 1 thehe Ttiroesthroesamnelmne s anandJ seasonsEdeasojeaso ns then editede di te d by don carloscanloscapioscarcan losios balthy&althysmi taht0h suasuggestsrestspests a literal interpreteinterpretedinfcerprefcationtionbionblon of the dust of tthe1 e earth

orisorizrilorizoriginrilylin 0off adansadaradad s physicalbodyphysical bodydody in sayingss aying 1 0noo language need be 6 alneratner god Pplainerainer ohrnchanzhanohan this 0 that iiss that before he framed this world had laid the scheme of life and salvation and before he ormed aslgsl adamsadamaadam1 s dust into wn he had predestined that

the humihumanhum 1 ffamilyliyllyiby i1y should be made children to hiirhlinhimselfsc af2f through jesus Chrichristex n2na2 in an account of a series of lectures given in new york city by a mr adams probablyqorobably georeegeorge JQ a mormon missionary we reads on sundaysuradaly krM1rar adams lectured on the second comingcotcor ing of christchristy and gave much light on that subject shoningshoshowingwinEwing that .1 & itL would takegaliegalke place beforeI1 thisthasth4s dresenpresent1 U generation shallml pastspass away he provedprove d alsoaiso ifi the bible is true that the second advent must take alceplcepiceleeeieee1&ee before 68088018801 in the course of the lecturalecturee he ththrevshrevpa nuchmuch lifihtlitptlitot on theth subject of the bicmiemaeanc-xic iectur 0 11 ient of laysdaysdaysszayss shwshovingrinsains hinlhidi not to0O o be theI1 he loralord jesus christ nor god the father but thatthaid he is old father adamadairly who shallaheahamheemheEsaha 1 I1 sits4sa t as a greatgraat patriarchpaa tr aurbenanrben ata thetho headhe ad of the wholwholewhoiee ffam-am ily1slysiy ehenwhen the second adanLdaradamml the lord from heaven the son cfof yan v lan shalishailohall&e31az tiibli eoneconeeonacomeeoma tithrith the cloudo and caneconecamecome to the ancient of day and the saintselntsaintss crouldchouldohould tataiktalktakeai1i ca the kingdom and the greatlessgreatnessr0 an orlcassoassfass ofoii011 the hinnkinnhindkingdomdom under thethatcha wholewhoie heaven accodaccordingaccor CL ing to daniel vii3diioviioviig this resarresurresanresumedresumetresurnietniet wasziasvias dentsentcent to the tirlestimes and seasons as a letter to

11 the editor by A lover of trutruths1hah it is an important item

imi171 11 1 1 ralrnlsew 1 & SC v cl jestisjeslisjesuis theitaite iirie3leldeu sea1rzorsor haukauvooKaunauvoonlaclavoovoo iiilii111 0 churchturehfurchhureh of jesus S s1sa 6 VI q 8790 christghr s t of laletterlatterlatterdaytterted day saintsai n t 18596185918391839461461 0 89 2 ir L bi d a 9 deedecda ca 151 18410 11 22ldl IM0 180 II badbjdi dovdop 11IIill july 181j18422 p 838350 93 since it is one ofoopP the few tetthee writer rouldfoundcoundojxad thatat dentzdendefinitslydefinitelytz av1v 0statesta VU s whoh0 adanA CL ara vvasr as nnot0 t- aass tretraureweliwellweil aass 1whoo heho aos 1it iiss aloaioado of01 interest because it impliesinipl& es that the ldoaidoa of adam bednerbeing the fathel 02ox the son may have even thentilen been a matter of speculation another positive assertion that adadanadam was not god was a mademlade by orson fratpratprattldfadf when speaking before a conference of the churchattendedchurch attended by the prophet josiJoLijosephjoaepheph in 183184318 3 but who is this ancient of days that is to act this glorious and conspicuous part in the grand colcotmelismeilscouncils of the last days and finally deliver lipup thefheaho1hofcho kingkingdondoradorddoea organized and prepared into the hands of thetine great king it cannot be the son of god forfodrodfop he afterwardswardowaydo comes to the 4 after ancient of daydeiy C it140 cannot bebo the father for if the saints were preparedpreparedparod to meet the father and setsot scsic in council ruritheithpith himohimyhiirhlin they would also be prepared to neetmeet thetho son for the gloragloryglorv of the father is equal to that of the sonscneotheothe ancient of days teenthen is ADLYADAM the great progenitor of the humanhum racetien1 this belief ezdrasexDrasexdrassedexpressedsed by odeonopson prattpratt in his younger years never chargedchanged he taught this amecamezame docdoedoctrinetrine all his life in 1841161816. benjamin einelnWinwinchesterchesterchaster edited a shortlivedshortchort lived perpenperiodicalcodical1odical for the chunChurchurchcrl in philadelphia called ghethe gospel Rrefrofonlleionaleilectorntorantor in an article on the future milleniummillennium later re- printedpr1nan t e d iinn the tinestimes and Sseasonsonfabonfaonsa he aotanotenotawrote our first dazlenusparentsDaz lenustenus were placed in the metropolis of this loerlower creation inhere they could converse witherith god face to face as iwe converse with our friends and where the seraphs of heaven verewere their companionscompanionsecompani onse in answeransweringinS the quelquesquestionstion how could

IC w a A eifdifii 4 ft 1 m s L allail 0 h01 e 0 e ca 0n hho daysays thzkhz adamdci adc18I fallfalifailiaaffectf ttheh holehoieol off creatloncreationti thetthatt placedc dad1in tthe gardengaddenr-ar c n 0or 0capitalap a czjicajicdp3pa 0off thc fnholehoie616.1 e 0oartharth

ibid IV mazmezmay 1 16131813 949

0 17 N yet Z 0 r z zund rcfez Y o0 ia & and pcpoorer rasaasas ivanZJIivcnvon entountoun o himh- toi0 calrsaatsaarsalrsay hishic gccptpspt ovov3rovar a11 things

1 1 L po z 4 upon100111 earthelarth therethereforethereporere ahenuhenyhenh hei 4 felle J 1 ffronrc theho prepresencesenceseneesenco of the lord the aholawholatholthoiahol7hol of his dominiodominionsnc foilfollfolife liii111.1 also 111

1 pa kem parley parkerket pratt the brotherbrothenbro 4henher olof01 orson frattpratt was likeilice hishic brotherother an apoapostle inln iqyfqy1816s he was acting editor of thehe ProprophetRhet another church periodical published in kewnewnowyewyow yorkyoek cityciteecitye Asa s will be seen from his remarks in connection bithwith the nature of family organization inthein the celestial kingdom he shared his brotherbrothers s views his most gracious and velenvenervenenvenerablezabiezable majestyma lestyrestygesty king adam with his royal consort queelqueelqueenqueen eve will ppearappeara at the head of therhezhe whole neatgreatreat family of the redeemed and mil111it be croirnedcrowned in their midst as a king and priecgriecpriestt forever after the son of godG od they willwl 11 then be arrayed in garments white as snow and will take their seats on the twhronethrone in the midsmidstc of the paradise of godgoa on the earth to reign forever and ever 9 this venvenerableGrablegrabie patriarch and sovereign will hold lawful jurisdiction over abel enoch noah abraham isaac a saints of all ages and disdispensationssensatoensat ionslons ihoutho will all davedeveravereverenceleneelencerenee hed CL and obey him as their venerable falfatherher andan lawful sovereirsovereignCD n adam and all the patriarchspatriarchs kingsh and prophets will be subiesubiosubjectsubjo ot unto christ because he wasas in the eternal world thatim first1171 rst lombomboin of every creature and the beginning of tthedheehe creation of god hence in I1therheghe patriarchal order he rules by rietnietrightnight of birthbirtho 2 with the pratt itemtelnnteresternsgelnn we conecouecome to an end cfof thethle available pertinent material to be found in the earliest publicationpublicationspublicationsofsofof thethahe church in viewvie of the abundant later refereferencesronces to adam

Z1 a nnjl&aightabightat have exexpectedoected more and yet there would be no valid

adado wasblaswlas ohen not a 1j .6 reabonreason for this 2 adaradoradae rias henthenrhenr subjectaj of particular6

enjaminonjaminon janinjaminin yinchoster ed the goszgospeldeldeipel refrofI1ectorlector huadolhia brorDIV bickin G uilbruilbur lol101iny 1 1 isiisllsiaslJ ali3li 0 2 the eldereider jcr f-chattanoogaj at kanooruanoor a tennr ene n southern IM imi .0 goo states fissioni s si on 1019030190303 0 rlIVJV 0 god96 9C 5

0 on to thathe iriorbior ib o L v intinteresttnteresterect the moraerscipersialibersial theithaithelthen Y 03 now he vrazYJBSas accepted asac

I1 4 iichaelbichaelY chae I1 theU arclriaznzolarchangel theh a ancicrtencianclAncinc ertcncrt cfof dhodaysys tho greatgrgatr G a pro- n genitoren itor of theUu11 e hhumihumlhumanumi alnarn race nnothing0 tki i n laorlacrelacroacremodoo theathen tooto c evereven a cursorycur s ory glance at the early history of0 liormonlcmlrloarlo on m i7illidillwi rovealre ve a theune simple fact that the churchannuch vaswas far too cusyausy gettinegetting borntbom cat chiaschins its breathbreathy and struggling for survival 1inn an alien worworldld to be much concerned with anything so admittedly academic as thetiietlle identity of adam

wh&fct did josephjosen oh s-smithi th teachte a daad1a aside from the standard worsworkrsl the most fruitfulCruit fulfui sources 1 of joseph &smithesI teachings are his ovinowinown journal record imsknownc7ca in

as the historyH 1 storzstorystoey of the cherchchurchchurchy and the Tteachingss of zheL he propheprophet jcoeecoejosephoh Ssmithyeiithniith edited by josephfieldingjoseph Fielding smithsmithy these combinecorribine to give a fairly complete account of his doctrines in describing a vision of the celestial kingdom given him in january 1836 the prophet told of the blazing throne ts 1 of god whereon was seated the father and theL he son I saw fathers adatadanadam and abraham and lilynilymy father and mother 0e 6 stenhouse rendersrendexrs thedle rophetpophetpropheti Iss VvisionIS lonionton simresomresomewhatwhatahat differently 1 I saw fatherfathcnr adam and abraham alcandanc michael and my father &madand&adad 2 mother myraymay brother alalvininin etc etc theQ voitervpiterwxniter is unable to owe eexplainapaxpa a n the didisparagementsnarageiiL zeltgelt bebatbetbetheenbetveenveenen the two versioversionvensionversionsnss but iinn a

1 cynicalcynicalc comment on thepheL vision tenhouse wrote joseohjosephjoseoh does not state how he cair3eamoaeamma in possession of thaziathazsathe GO 4 r nacioniame sli351 he nakemake s sos omee blunderbl underunden herhedhearhe2r 0eSO or sonesomesomevheresomewhere0 chere1here eiseelsee 1 se fforyoror

joseph smitnsmifnsnithysmithy 0oo00o eittc A t I1II11T 3380080S 0 6 I stenhouse2senhousestenhousoV on0 p ceitciteltt appp 636463igl64 96 heho evidently makesmanesrnaes adam and ichaelichaol tvo distinctd1stinct personsne sosons .1 idem whilewh 11- in1 other revelationsrevelcrevele tlonsalons he1 sets forthfouth that adenadanidam s lielicNllehaelellei rchaelhaele suehsuchsu ih confusionco nfu s i on doesdceace not endttend to increase ffaithola th

diuXIL X v 1 V dil L r f C 116 v vilateilat a ie kiribatieldiKirimbaballbatibail11 tthea bifwifwirewifee 0of hehebor0 e r 0 kimballzi ambanmba writesir t e s

o 4 olven 1 ma of0 another supposedsupsugposed vvisionionlontonslonsionstons oivengiveniven josephOS snsnithsmithduadun va in marcheh 15161836 whichw1wa liehtiehlich the writer has been unable to substantiatesubs tanti ate it is possible that she is confused on her date and is actually alluding A to the JanujanuaryarySanys 1536183618 36 Vvisioni S loniondon however shashe tellstolls of the prophet beinsboinsbo insing showns the twelve aapostlesP astlesostles arriaruiarularrivinnarrivingvinovinn at the gate of the

1 caleslcaleelcelestialulial citycitytt 0

0 n therstherethensTne r e fatherfathe r1.1 adamadcmAd stoodz t0 0 d aendandn d 0openedo en ed thebheL h e gateU e to therrt1ta e m and

eO as theyuhey entered he erlbembracedt aced them ono by olloneonu0 and kissed ththanthemam he thentaenuaenunen iealealedladiad thettherthemi to thetaedae thronethiothid ne of godod and then the saviour ibracedembracederu eacheam of thenthem in the presencepresencepresen of god he saw they had heads of and looked that all beautiful hair all t alikealike ththee imimpressionPra a s 11 0n ththisi s visionvi s i on 1 e Pt 0onn brbrotherbrothed0 thelirhirb josephs70 S e ah0h S 1 left mindffiafi ind waswag oiof sso0 acute a nature that he never could refrainrefracefra tn from weepingweedingwee dingoing vh ile rehearsing itait2ito 2 in julyjuly 18393839 in response to numerous inquiries the ophetopheeprophet1papZ dealt with theukleukie subject of Priestpriesthoodpriesthoodshoods in doing sosopsoy he declared that the priesthoodprelespr1les thoodchood was first givenc l ven to admadamm prpriorprioutoreor to this earthcarthearthscarthscartesearthtsts creation and that when the keys of the priesthoodpriesthood areaue revealecevealerevealedcdc d from heaven it iIss by adanadamadamasadam1ss authoraufchorityI1 ty 3 the prophetpro ahetohet continuescont inuedinue s

4 apte 2 zb dmD m leiieliel iinn hhiss seventhsev e nth chapterelllaeilla pte sspeakspe ailsallsIs of thet1ta e ancientan c L en of days he rnesnsrneans the oldesti maimatnian our father adam michaelmiichael heho willvitvii 11 call hshis childrenchi ildren tobtoetogetherel1aoinebaopne z andan d hold a council withwith tthemhe to preparepreparee them forfoncorcon the cocomingellmilins of the son of manyan he adam l is ththa father1aaalakiak uheirherrhero of theuhteunte hhumant man1man1 ffamilycamilycamily and presides over the spirits of all nenmen and all that have had the keys must stand belorebefore him in thisuhluhi s grand councilscounccoonc11 this may tatakece

ljjjb t 1 n 6363 2 vj7 7 T 1 ghe women ornoncrp on yorkyouk0 ed rd tullidaetuilbullidaeTullul idseidaea lv the of ornorp lw 13775 p0 iioilo1101100 31rjosophtiosebiosejosephh smsmithi th 0op c its tizIITIT 386 97V acce bo eoppoppor e so n e uua e s blacebince0 before sonesome 0of u3 leeahleaveleeav ththis stage ofc actlooacklooact 10 0 tleththea son of I1 d ariarlan stands baldorbedforbalrorbeforee airihirihhinihinl1n13 and thertherethepea1 is given hinhim glojgloag1lory n r o 4.4 and doodomdomidcainioni lionslonmion adam &deliverssilvasilve s uuoup hshish s stestewardshiptartan s 101 0 to chrischuischristLOY which was deldeideliveredivareeivared loto10V him-hilhll as holding the kapskeyskays ofo-ff tthehe turlturiuniversetitJ v53130 but retains his andinsandingststanding as head of ttheh a hunhumhunanhumanan P 1 familyL az 1 31 Y aurouroudoar0urour savior speaks ofollolfozl011 childrenchild en and saysbaysysaysy ihtheirtheirtheintheineineln anzangelselsaisals always stand before irymyirrrry fatherPa triertrieu the father ailedcalledc-alled all spiritss oiritsqirits beforeL hinhim at the creatcreationio ni of nanman mdand organized them he adaaadamadanadam is the head and vaswas toldtold to multiply the keys were firstfinst given to him and by hinhimhtiritirl to othersotho s he will have to give anan account of his stewardship and theatotheytothey to him 0 0 0 christ is the great elghhigh priest adsadam nextneatonexto 1 in referring to the authorship of this doctrinedoctdoat ninevine B H roberts said

rn youngyotu it is generally supposed that brirzharbrigham botulctcj was the author of the doctrine which placespincesid34 aces adaadankdanadaraadamra as the patrpatriarchallaeige chalchai I1 head of the haubianhubian race and ascribesase aba bes to him the dignity of0 L tan 1 1 fan I ffutureu u ure presidencypra s 1 de ne y 0overovenver thishi s eeartharth aldanda ridyid its1 0 s iinhabitantsnhab it arrit-s whenwh elaelneza 1thetahe work of redemptiredemptionon shall have beenbe n completedcon diedle ltedeted those ho 1 7 t111 readvead the prophetrc7ohe 1W s treatise on thethae priesthood in the text above willwvillhavohave their opinions corrected upon this oubectoubecksubject for clearly it is the word of the lord through the prophetplronhet josephjosejosojoseoh oh smith Twhich established that doctrine the uttereftutter-eft ances of president17 brigham youngyounrx but repeat and expound the Cocdoctrinetrine which the prophet here sets forthforth 2 the roberts statement is supportedsuppo anted by helen marmap whitneyVL itney one of tthehe propheProphetprophett t I1 s plural viwivesi ve s anda nd a daughtdaughterer of vilviivilateateete and heber 0 kimball in refuting thetriemple accusation of joseph smith

L .6 to V L .9 prop son e fiosflos6 ttlriiIII111 9 the prophetshetsbets and tithe firsfirst presidentpresidenl of the reorganized churchchlachlwch that brighabrighamr young was the authoauthorr of the idea that adam Is our fatfathelfatherhelher and our god she crotevrotev7rote Bbrighamosharnihamn ihaharham vountvounryoung didCid not hahappenapenppen to be the author of this doctrine and to prove thethelthea truthU ru k h ol01of my assertionassartassert lionsionaion I1 will I1 Deay 16 plproducesoducesodupe some of thetha prophets teachings given hayayGO 1841 theothegT vierewierewereveere written togethertorvallaka484.8 herhed with other thinthingsSs by his clerk wliilamgillian olayClayclaytondonZon as theytherythory werewerawenawene spokespokesspokenri and as I1 had thetha privi t4ta 1 ua 1 e e e d n ti e rr wvh3a a e a youngun onanonamomanwom&nr a n 1 0 6 u1 0 I1legeLD 0off rreadinga i z theithelh vhfh n quiteui 0 0 I ttook0 the

1 T 2 I bid appp 386388386 388 ibbid1.1 n 38338388 rc 0

1I i eneune 1 & U ilbelibeliberty of copyingC thenohenthem keele coycopyco ey I have ratairerelairedelaire d sashehe therl quotes the instinstructionsdinst ductnuct ionslons of josephjo lemnz snithsmith on tahatahethe priest-pr lest hood as found in thetahe histoaxhistory of ththe chernchurncherchchurchcheynh arideurideunder1 the date of july 183918395 her date lilaymay layl6y16 1841 is apparently an ererroz2voravor2

arn al 13 colcotarnentingcommentingenting on josejoseohjosephoh smithssmithes teachindeachinteachingsU s she tartauvrjtest-e

ibon E henhonthon the saints first heardhoard thisL iz doctrine advancedd it loclkocllookeded strango and unnatural to then it was ststrongconeeonecong neatnoatmeatmoat and required a little tiretinetime before it couldcould be dicdigestedested but this was owing to the barrornarrornarrownarnam rornoepor coneoncontr actedractodractor ideas which had been hardehandehardghandedd down frotfronfromn generation6aan6ration to0 O generation by our iyelye17 lorefaforefatherslorefathersethersetherbe iveje werewore like babes aran had always been fed1 ed upon milk but as jesjesusas said eje have to bebo taught here a little &midand&idid therethare a bittle1ittlelittlonlittloo viahenvhenlaenhaen I1 vaswas able to compre- hend it itt appeared ququiteI1 te consistent there is someingsomething5 4 1 11 in this doctrine unthatunatat Is very honehohomeie like grand adaadandendaead beautifulbeaullasful to reflect upon and it is very simplesiryansiryqn le and ccmrrehecomprehensivesive it teaches us that we are all the children of thehe sanesamesannasanne parent whose loviovloveiove eiasviaswas so great that he gagaregavere his beloved son oulouroun2 elderbrotherElderBrother jesus christchristy to reddedredeezredeedredeemgeieezgez us fronfrom the fafalldalldail1 11. 0 switit zteaches us that our father irasteastwasurasseas once mortal and that if we remaindemain faithful we will inallyfinallyanally become as he is lmim mortal even if we must first pay the penalty for the trans- gressiongres sion of our first parents3patentsparentsparenfcs33 helen whitney also refers to other tea-teachingschings by the proprophetahatohat including his fanousfamous king Folletfollettfc sermon of korilapril iq1841h andancl his address on the plurality of the gods given in june of that year she denies that brigham young viasas the first to teach the plurality of the gods and that the father has a father etcecaca she quotes joseph smith liiIII111 as saying ponder it well are not I1thosethosa who teach and those who endorse brigham younsyounssyounass adam god doctrine guilty of damnable heresiesheresies even denying ltthehe lord that brought tthemn e a her reply is

sienlesienleelenlhelenchelenslen df11M1.1 vhitnavwhitnsywhitneyWhitnsy glurpludalg1ga itoriditori ape salt larelabelake city zlal juvenile instructorsins truetruc ol01 s officeoff ce lp isssisas appp 30230 31

1. 1 2 1 8 40 4josephose tohloh hasmith1 th oronoopo cit illlililiIII111 38fff

301 IM pluralur al marriagearr op cit 0.0 p 31 9909

T nowow yeel S Ls LO if he feetfeelfeelss that it is hish ddietydixtyitityy to proclaim aoaanaancagainst1 in t

I1 I1 1.1 L sa11.11 this people and deny the doctrines which his fatherfatfal-hor feltfeitra author-

d G a c e atovto oza iizedze of god0 d to0 tteachea h asa s revelationr 1 ati ffronfromron on aihhihM 4 h I1 hallhalihailshallshalis ononlyy regret it for his onown and his fathers sake 1lal11 1 joseph smith composed anotheranotheithez treatise on priesthood

1 which was read toi jo the october 1840IBIO conference of the church

A in it he reiterates that adam was the first and fatherfathayfathey of all

1 0 notn0 u only0nakn3k ybyby progeny but the first toU o hold the spiritual blessings tto0 ahoiwhoiwholwhonwhom wasviras made known tinthathe plan of ordinances for the salvation of his posterity unto the end and to whom christ was firstfiustfirsafirs4D revealed 1122 in carrying out bahiss work god appointed adam to natchwatch over the ordaordinancesbancesnances of salvation and to ft revealnevealnavealnevealraVealftraveal thethemm from heaven to man or to send angels to reveal thenthemthemlthemi theTha prprophetophe t addsadd s thesethe se cyqdlnisniin is-tteringoteringderi rjrrrorr anangelsge 1s arareanee undundere r theI1 he direction of 14ichaelmichaeimichael or adam wwhoho acts under the directondirectdirectionJ on of the lordLor d 3 thatphat there are those above adam is further indi- catedbated by the Propprophetshetts staterstatenstatementsrients that god called adam by his own voice u that adam was given comeomcommandmentaandmentss by god that it was jehovah who endowed adam wwithith the powers and blessings which he enjoyed in the beginbaginbaginnirbeginningnir qqetc04etc4etcaetenoten

p m einzeingkingng ollettfollett1.1 discourseitdiscoursedi cour seesew adoItdodgado is generally OD neededconceded that ono otof the greatest addresses content wise ever given publicly by the prophetrouhnct josephjo ph smith was the king follett funeral seidmonsennonsermon of apriladriapulianuianul 797 18loldl8ldILL of it ellenelieneldereideneldenEDlenien john A 1widtsoefidtaidt soe once said

1.1 3616 3 7 bid apppA 37 r josephjoceph2 sm 00o sccephoclsezoh smithyluclueiun oooon cit 1I IV 207201

1 41 8 4 T C 208 P 3lbldb i d f p 9 22080 te ppe 208210210 kuyluyr1ra

thithatthiaA conference asao r ecrr likablelrkable2 a to in anzvnzmaryraryranyy V vrrvysavysp 73 Tthehe 8 mcp Prophetpropheteprophet8 s liindliand seemed to0 o sv ocptze O as vedevedoveroe re thee horizonsn 1 it I 1 N T cly011 L j tn H 11w t tiviain eeternityer n t 0 hee toutoucheden ponupon theth e tilthingslilniiin s that araarc ar be- 1 far yondir cr d tthethahe thinasnh n ss- ofof eeternity1u ernierndednd ty this sermon is kncnknon in curCUP 4 n histhistoryrory astaeas the kirrking polte01 LP ttv t sermone rzluliozl 0 n a mosmodtmost remarkable dodoc-c vzmemumentst I1ir an g-gladgiadlad tht hl 1 1eaefacer1 de Jjoseph0 s c ph fielcincFielF IT eilell 6aaacincn ithth includednc 2 ude a itt in his teach jnsansjln79 of 411aln4thetho11 e prprophet jocephjoccph smihsnismi h

1 lie lughtaught 2 conepore tiughttaught reveslirereveseverlieveali doctrines never cearclearlyV totoldd brbeforecore P 7 lire C ji it s nc 1 L s lo10 e napS S ne c adam naturenaburgU aa c godGO sincei christr j orr perhaps since adan 5 of thehe na of ooda 1 ouiour heavenly father and cfof the desczdes4zdestinyiny of rlaananamanans theT E ddo-0 c tictrineinelne as there tauohttaught has been inincorpoincorporatedcorpo abedated into our uhinkthink- inging andanda writing in our books and serbertrsertrsermonslonsnonsmonsyons without knowing exactly when or how it was first statstatedalstatededal it will not be possible to m-moremopeore than summarize a lrfeweT of the Propheprophetsprophetwotwo s views therein as they relate in a more or less general way to this study theme prophet said that oodgogodd himself was once as we are now and Is analdandann exalted man and sits enthroned in yonder heavensneavens and that adanaddamadam was created in the vertververyvero T fashion imaelmaeimage and likeness of 3sodgodlgodgodiod andana received instruc- tion from and walked and talked and conversed with him as one man talks and communes with another t 2 the prophet dendenleadenteddeniedleaiealed that oodgodgocL yasraswas always god for he was once a man like us yea that god himself the father of us all dwelt on an earth the maiamaiesarnssarne as jesus chrlschrischristt did and I1 will show it fronfromflefiefim om the bibiebible 1133 T godgoa jqsephjosephboseuose 4 h smith went on to say that the father once laid down his life and took it up alcalcainamoagainainaln as chilstchristchrohrist did and that those vhoarovro seek godhood must learn how tto0 do so tiletiietll-thee same as all gods have done before you the prophet relates the patriarchal concept of growingI1 dominions through onesone progeny to the father and soncon inln thesethosethebethobe words

4 7 70 c onfarenco fee oortits op4opaop eitcitAL t aprilaaranr 1 7 ialiql1944J 9 0 teg2tea ccainaschinasn in 1s of josephjozeph smithy opacdoop citc- p 34 3 bidlbidabid Ppoo 34546345 46 loi101

V d liy CL 1 ivhatvhatj diddi jesus do 1iyvjhy I1 do ththathe t ar i ss rrt fatherE r do j& i wwen ja iai4ti-.4 wanan worldworldss earrcarrcalnecaineearnsne rolling0 intonil- o existencee ity 4 etherethenathenhe worked 1 0outU hiss kingdomi nsr d0m wwithiILA h fearfoarL ear caandnd ttrentremblingtremr er bblingILn tl rnendened I1 mustnn u t do ththee saiesalesclesasanesameme and whenwhon I1 9getet rmy kinnkinokingkingconkingcobdoneoneomcolcon I1 present toluo myany bet 1 shallshalishail it atw 9 Ffatheratlh0 6 soGO thatthrahr U he naxmaxmavnaymay obtain kkingdomrizaOM upoupon kingdom and it hrim 11 vwill7 A 11 exalt hhimlimrim in glory he wwill11li1.1 thenU he n taketo ale a hibhighigherla ar ealerleriexailexall tattonsetton and I1 will taltabetaketawea his place and thereby becobecomenianieria exalted myselmyselfliflj f so that Cjesus treads inln thetim tracks of hah1hiss fa-oftentenn at u LTgod L oodCgod thertm r and inhinheritserLos what oodod did befobafobeforee I1 and codoodgodod is thus g1gaglorifiedoniori faf1 ed and exajexaltedsted1ted inlraiza the salvation and exaltation of all his childrenexah1 rellrelfreferringedrineerring to the creation of this earthearthy behe said the head god called together the gods and sat in grand council to bring forth the vrldarldwrorld the grand councilors sat at the head in yonder heavens and contemplated the ceacreationcreatlontion of the worlds which were created at the timetimeatime2n2na and thusthesythusy in the beginning the head of the gods called a council of the gods and they carecanecame tobatherSetherbathentosetherrosethertogether and concocted a plan to create the world and i people itoittift 3 plurality of the god80negods oneono of the prophettsprophetteprophet1sProphetts remarks in the king follettpollett sermon was would to god that I1 had ffortyor ty ddaysay s sanaanandd nnightsigrnigan lh s in whwhichi ch tto0 tell you all I1 wealdwoaldwould let

T 1 you know that I1 anam not a fallenfailenal lenien prophet 0 although he probably did not tell aliaililyalllly he did tell more in regards to the oodsgods in another great discourse siveasivengiven a scant eleven days before his death in a sense ititaito was a continuation of his earlier aprilsemonapril semonsermon fcforfon6 the thenethemethome is essentially the same vosiavosijjosephh smith reaffirms the plurality of the gods but to us there is but one oodgod thatthet is pertainingpaurtaiurmai nin rz to us and he is

iliiii111libidobid pyappp 344834311748048048 2 n jj appp 343i8931898 49 37 i p 349 jbfg p 3 ald3ld Z 102 iinn allaliailI1 andan d throughto hrou &h ailoallo 1 trthele prophet explained that 0 intritra the besbegbeginninginninsinkins the heads of the gods oreanizedorganisedorganiorganizedsedzed the heavens eneldaideidd the earth following which the head one of01oi0.1 the gods said let t us make uanmani n in our ouinovinown image I11 and thathatthaae10 the readseadsheads1 of the gods appointedappointejiappointeilelleji one god for us1o1us 2 that the fathefatherr of jesus christ is notn0 t the ftfirstrst of all the gods is afaffirmed by joseph if abrrlabrahamaberlleamaham reasoned thus 1 I L jesus christ was thehe son of goif l god andan d john discovereddi c ovedeovere d thattilatiia t goda the fafatherfalk he r of jesusje subsus christchri t haihalhedhad a father you ma7maanaymay suppose that he had a father also was there ever a son without a latherfatherlathen and whesheiewheiere was there ever a father without first being a son4sona whenever did a tree or anything oringspringsorings into existence without a progenitor lnaandanaanc everything comosconnos in this way paul says thnttantvert-o thichchichaichhichrhich is earthly is in the likeness of that qchwhichvt achnch isiz heavenlyheaven ly hence aisqisqsiq itif jesus had a father can vieweurewre not believe that he had a father also I1 despise the idea of being scared to death at such a doctrine for the bible is full of it I1 viantwancawanco you to pay particular attention to what I1 am say- ingings jesus said that the father roughtnoughtiiwrought precisely in the samesarnesamne way as his atherfather11 had done before him As the father had done beforbeforee he laid down his lifeilfe and took it up the same as his father had done beforebeforefode 5ife the Prophetprophettprophets1 s reference to the fatherl-patheathe r having a father etc is not unlike brighonbrigham youncsyoungsyounayounc ts allusion to the father grandfather and great Grandgrandfathelgrandfatherfathel1 of adams children and in saying that all thiacthingsthinc s have progenitors and that evenyeverythingeverythinE comes in this wav2wavaway he is also in apparent harmony with the procreative views

libidobid appp 370-3707171 21bid2bibid2ibid poP 3729 athe3thethe prophet had used rev 16 as his text

44bril7 K rn brighamharhan youneyoung1 once saidbaidbaldal d brother kimballroballballbalirnball quoted a saying of the prophet that he would not worshipwo-xv ship a god who had not r aC father and I1 do not imowamow1 noavnovv that he would if he had not a mother t DOD theirle one would bebo as absurd as the otherothers eojo of 1.1 IX 2610 0

Q & ai1i c 7 i J 1 5teacbteachings2 of josephos smth ono n citeelteette0 t 4 p 373 103 of his successor t-thee sstatementa t a r a n everyeve man who reireldeldeinsreimsreinsreignsns in celestialcelescalescazes klialvial glory is a oodgodgoa to his doniniodoninioncdorrainionsdorradorrndorda inionsnc concludesc011coimcorn cludesbludes the summarization of joseph smithssmithes published pronouncements relative to this study clearly he is the source of church doctrine which established adam as michaeimichael tlthetletiez trchaarchaarchangelngel the ancient of days a chosen servant of god v&ovvhoveo came to this earth to become thetine progenitor of the humanhunnan race president young and his successors in the presidency have unitedly taught hatthat doctrine As for the views expressed by brigham young and others which Eeogoo beyond this it is readily apparent that theth e prophet did not at anyan time refer to adam inIM his published remarks as flourour father and our god nnot even in a patriarchal sense he did affirmadamlsaffirm adan s majesty and rule over his earthly progeny but nowhere did he actually identify adam as the father of their spirit bodies as riellwellweliweil the nearest thing to such an inference is his eckackrlovvr1edgermentacknowledgement of idanadanadainadamadarn as the fatherfatherhather of the hunanhuman familyfaitilyff who presides over the spirits of all men this might be interpreted to mean theVI le befettobegetterbefbee etto of all mens an spspiritsiritsbrits but such interpretationinterPretation is not justly warranted 0 to preside Is one thing to beget is quite another some have considered the failure of the prophet to actually say that michaeimichael or adam viraswas a spirit priorpelorPisiorasior to comicomingcomsng to this earth to be signiftsignistsignificantcant but again this does not prove that the opheeprophetophet didnt believe him to ba such conclusive proof clustmust be based oron tahata is said not on hattrhazl is supposedly left un- said the absence of evidence is nevenevednever completelycomp 0 t e decisivede c i z4za 31 ve

0.0 I1 1 C n sl-1 ip C J 75167416 ittITreclchings0 a ngsg ofor josephjoJ ta ene h sritbSrisilasilvsriteI tbrl op cit p 37y33751637416 loliolioelloel1011011 either prpro0 or conconecono

aa .1 to A tw ved tong 1 rib S a the revelations1a lat ionsiong vritingswritingsn D s aandnd ssermonsc 0r 3 0off Jjoseph0 3 Ph snithi h combineC om D inelne 10to1 identify adaiadanadami as 0oneae who iz in a subservient position to the fatherfath ar and the son farforfaufou he is explicitly deciadecladeclareded to be

0 subject toV them to the lord to god the argentardentargument that the iidentitydentity of these and other heavenly personaepersonanpersonageses is sometimes vague and inconclusive does not justify their identieidentipidentificationicaldlonion with any otheother personages the manifest teachings of the prophet joseph smith do not warrant nor support suchfancifulsuch fanciful suppositionsS appouppo 3 3 ti on S it is generally understood for it is an obvious fact that the prophet withheld some of his views from the generalicren eralenal church membershipmemberships judging from his own statementss tatements and those of others he did this because the saints at large were un-anenanonunow preparedpreparad for all that he might have revealed to them for example in one address he said & 1 I could explain a hundred oldoidffoldfoid more than I1 ever have of the glories of the kingdoms man2manamanifestedq festedbested to me in the visionlvisionalvision were I1 peripermittedpitted and were

I1 2 theV he people prepared to receive them on another occasion he said that if the church knew all the commandments of god thathatV they woulawould ejectreject halhaihalf of them through predjudicepredjudice and ignignoranceoranceoranee similar remarks by hinhimhirahina are to be found throughout his cotnzentscoitjnenta and writingszrrarr itinaseingse in private converzalionitvitohconversationV arithvrith brighaibrBribrighamepieptlisha11 shashaishalghairi young in kirtland the prophet told him brother BribrighaibrighamB zhaighaiphamrham if I1 was CsaidoidoldqidI1 to0 o reveal to this peopeopleoleoie mat the lord idoctotinedoctrine and covenants section 7606 stench2tenchrachinschinseachinsea niasni7s ol01of jtosophoz srrthsarth op citcilciaclau p 30or log10 has revealeddavedeveravealed to me therethedetIieieeze is not a an or ronanroman woaldwouldoaloul d tay

1 I 1I Wwithith nianiemiamelmeime1mea his feolfeelingsngsnos rogrdir the limitationstat L 0n of0 ttheh saints is ffurtherenother borne out by president wilford woodrufwoodruffP

n nzanz brother joseph used a tgroatrrrc it malhyny nthodo of tctfintestingC men thetldledie integrityC of renenaen4JS and he taught a areatgreat many things which in consequence ofol01 tradition required prajerprayer ralthfaithraithai L h and a testimony fromnomvomJ rom the lord beforebefbeaozooz6.6 o they could bebo believed by nanymanyri of the saintssaintlosaintso his nindmindriiniinil ind raswasyasvv ozenedooenodomenedoz ened byoy the visions olof01 the almighty andsaidvaidvaad the lord taught him many things by vision and revelation that were never taughttaur ht publicly in his daydayzedayzw for the people could not bear the flood of intelligence which god poured into his mindmindokmindo2 in eakinsspeakingsP of the earthseartahls creation and peopling heber C kirrballkiniballeinelneirlKinKirrelmrballbalibailiball commentcommentededeedO the prophet joseph freafreofrequentlybentlyuently spoke of

these things in the revelations yachwhichw rachY ach he gave but thetho people aerallygenerallyge aurallyAe rallynallynaily uddidC not understand thenthem but to those who did they were cheering they had a tendency to gladden the heartheartshearty and enlighten the mind tiati3 Fresprespresidentident lorenzo snow in citing his famous couplet As man is god once was as god is narnanmarman may become said that this doctrine had been taught to the apostles by the prophet joseph snithsmithsnithysmithy although it had not been made public untilun4unaW 11 sometimesominsomenotimz latelateralater4 plural marriage Is another good example of a eDrinedoctrinedo which was not made public until years after it was first revealed and put into practice among some of the leadership of the charchChurchchurchy5 but what of the Prophetprophettprophets1 s teachings vhichwhidnwhiddn he never

J of D ov oneope cit IX 294291 21bidolbid veV 83848384483 84844 3lbido3 b d X 23535 1 i

111911119.1 LVILITI 7720 S tl lllepnialstarIL ar 090 cit 772

v1V 1 10zonorson IF vihitl7hitnevahit netriearie7ri life ofop hxaxhberbatbetbar c6caC imbalcimbal1 salt lake city kimball fsrfamilyFarnilymily 183 lif33lef331ft 106106log

made public or which were nevenovenevernover clearly slappedclappedstampedstartertamped v4varithwithriteltyiteithh his

0 Capproval6 oPr 0vaI1 there have been a number of doctrinesdoel ines sotesonesome quite

vav4 .9 hse e antasticfantasticI1 antasticstie 9 of unichwhich he is obstensiblyobstonobstonsiblyoustonsibly the author thethoshesho hiehi M 1 horse prophecy the bebeliefliaP that the lotlozlobiobjos Iko tribes arearo on an adjacent star near the earthoarthearthy that there are people on the

moon etc all these are ascribed to hithlahinhdahimyriewi perhaps heho did so teach in part but which part kono one seems to be sure H 774 naisbitt74naisbitt told an audience it is said that joseph smith the prophet taughttauf rhtaht that adanadalaadam had two wivesavivesvvives ttluti1 l thowhoiho said it such a declaration is not to be found in his public axpronounpx0 o yloyio on ce- ments nor was thathetho arilwrilwriteraeraeu able to validate the ideas assigned to joseph smith by E W tullidge in his book the women of mormondommorrqondom a series of short biographical sketches of prominent early mormon women according to this work the prophet taught thetho lt sistersltsisters in the temple at kirtland more advanced doctrines than he apparently ever presented publiclypubl iclyniclyo this is not exactly in harmony withvfithvaith the prophets statestastatenanttenenttenantnt to the effect that 1 I1 am bold to decladeeladeciadeclareie ihavechaveI1 have taught all the strong doctrines publicly and always teach stronger doctrines in public than in private n2na2 perhaps it is just a matter of what he meant by strong doctrine if so it is a moot point hohow-v ever tullidge an unfortunate victim 0ofA victorian rhetoric with olaboraelaeiaelaborateolaboraboda ube and oft times redundant verbalvetvezbaibal detail re- counts some of the prophets private doctrines briefly josejosephh smith is saldsaidoaidmaidmald to have told the sisters that adam is

of daldmlP op citowcitopcit XXVISXXVI 11511 p 4 2toachiachinstoachinsTo n rrs of joserhjoseph smismithyQ hp clioii012opeopoo po cit p 3700370 107

god 1 thetho fatherkatherkathen the father of thetho spirtisspirjis of ulluil menmonjn borndorn oilorloiaon

D ivo 04 thistilistilts earthcarthearlbcanth 0 that both adam and ivciccvo came to this carlhcarahoarfch acft rofroepoeresur-ur rected beingsboings vithwithmith the predeterminedprodeterminedprepropne detdeterminedermined iltonintonintentiontion of fallinfallingfallingtfallingsgt totwo a state of mortality etetc 1 in pointing out that the concept of a heavenly iotherlothermothermothedlirTir was not revealed to the world until the time of joseph smith he says the oracle of thithlthiss last grand truthtrul h of womens divinity 114 aandadqd of her eternal othereothermother as the parlpartnerpantnerparm1 aneranoronor with the father in tchehe creation of worldst is none other the mormon churchcharchochurcho itDCO was revealed in the glorious theology of joseph and established by brighamBrighanihadihanx in the vast patriarchal system 4 which he has mademada firnfirm&6irnirm as the foundations of the earth by proclaiming adam as our father and god the father is first in name and order but thetha mother is with himthesehim thesethosethebethobe twain one from the beginningbeginningsbeginning22 such were the views ascribed to joseph smith and brigham young by tullidge in 1876 however such were not the views he later claimed for the prophetprophets in june 1876 tullidge referred to brigham young as the fitting successosuccessorsuccessorsuccesso of the mormon Propprophethetaheto as the modemmodern moses and the founder of itahoutaho 3 but in his revised edition of the liflirlifea of josehjoseph the prophetpro het published by the reoreorganizedrganizedorganized church in 18601880 his ardor had supposedly cooled somewhatksomewhatlysomewhat4y fforfod0 he virotewrote of him brigham young after the death of the prophetprophefcy for a time confounded the views of theuhe church by sensendingdinddinnad4d forth a proclamationf1proclamation to thetche world that adam was our 11 all father and god

inen ofor mppmondonim1ma 0rmond orcornoeni opope cit P 16176 ffffoaffo 21bidspbid ppe 193194193 194

3eae 17IV yourgyoung lewlowtownew tullidgetullidrre lifelafalafeJ- 0ofJ arihbrihrpighamn york 1877 p 4

o 4tullidtullidgeoaa isralikeiskeisma stenhoustonhouestonhouseStenStonhouehou ze becamebtzatz eaniecanieeamie involved witwith4 the ITIITINGodboitosxodbeitesN and was excorfumexcommunicatedanicatedanimated from the church supa p 338 n 1 108

47 G CL C tel- 41 C 0 11 W A vcndrouon r l Gd jrfnoncoff r o a hcan n j0 0 ph r jv ilafI1 I1 n of0 46 1 jop 1 1 11 ilnf 1 I a go hctn4 ac I t godA v f 0c suo chrclrlstyJ v tthetho9 of ttlr1111 crcnilocrenceen on tlnoalnoh beryboryvery M ral ju t2ta rnl father I1 but it trulyuly illustrates tho lpotojj aldand orvrorar slon which folloviedthefollowed theudeath of the prophetPropuophetphat 1 this turnaboutturn about on the part of tuliTulltulledgeedze under reorganitereorganize pressure does much to discredit hisMS claims yet the fact that eliza R snosnow collaborated with him in the preparation of the women of momondomMomonecmonmclmondommormondomdom does lend some weight and respectability to the workwonk she was widely known and loved by the saints and remained a faithful member of the church until her death her apparent admiration for brigham young may have led her to quite innocently identify the prophetProphelo s teachings with those of his succe3sorsuccessor although this is quite unlikelunlikedunlikely7 it is impossible to accurately detedatedeterminermineamine what if any- thingahing joseph smith revealed thatthaithab he did not make public who can say what may or may not have been said in secret if it was retained in secret the public utterances0.0 of the prophet including his written revelations are far and avjayabrayatray

4 our firmest and therethereforei odeore our safest ground to go beyond

1 them is to cross intinto0 the realm 1 cfof hunanhumanhamhuman speculation over a bridge upheld by little more than the tenuous strands of possibility

adanas identity in the standard works

06ir the bible the name adam is mentioned thirtyth-irty tirtimestimedriesnhesnhea in theohe

r ra bible twentyonetwenty cneoneoxeono times in the old testamentpestfpesta arentrrent and nine& i r4 a ttirres in the new testtestamentsamentllamental eighteen of the old rtestcnenttestamentte tarent references

T W 4 641e P arzt d clrcjcLr cJ a C joseph tthehe r P hrzt 226 ed ctr tulletulietullentulle& lifeiffe cl W prophet rrevev planopianoplano jil reorganized chirchchurch of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saintssaints 1880 POp 439 109log

aoaraavaave foundcound in chapters two three four and rivefivedivelveive of Gegonoigenejogenegonejonejdneso A

i of01 the origin of adarisadarnst dar s physical bodybooy benoisuenoisgonosio rortmertmeremerelyy saysaa2ays the lordloudlovd godG od formed man of thethathiethre dudust4 t of the ground and

breadedbreamed into his nostrils the breath of aj1jilfelifeLoe and man became a living soul 1 As for eveevo we are told that the lord god 11 caused11caused a deep sleep to fall upon adam during vhichtynichmynich one of A

his ribs was removed riandand the ribr4raabb01 b which the lord god had taken from mansmanmany made he a womanworiandiandlan and brought her unto the man 2 that the name adam is soniesonicsomethingthing of a title having a symbolic connotation is apparent from ealeualenaleealomalemalo and female created he them and blessed theathenthep and called their name adam in the drdw when they were crestedcreatedcreatedacrescreatedotedA 3 luke infinfersers that adam was literally a son of god since i in tracing christ s genealogy he makes no distinction betwebetgebetweenen the nature of thethy fatherhood of aden over seth and the fatherhood

ofosl god over adam but says e 0O seth which was the son of adam

111 rim111yih tis1 lich god 4 0 i which1 ilch was ththe son of it is interesting too note that f i chriohrichrists L is not known to have ever mentioned adam by name although he spoke of abraham about twentysixtwenty six times in the gos 1 pels paul defined adam as the first man5manmana15 explaining else-elseweleew where that adam was first formed then eve tig onionlyonlyq the book of daniel contains the title ancient of dayscays tlsrettereetere it is used three titinestimesmes in connection with daniels vision of a latteriatterlattenlatterdayday judgment at which the ancient of days shallshalisha11 sit and ilonatyonatyoneone like the son ofmanof man appear before him

1 ge 2genagen 33genagenge 2 enn 20277 2212 21 22 ne 5 0 4luke 338 511 cor 11 6611 tirtictimmirmtrq 221313 iloiio1100

E etcletc1etch only the latterlatterdayday saintssiaa3a4antsunta identify adam vithwith10rith this personage

M U ichaellmichaeimichaelmichaell Is listed five imestimes by narenanename in the bibiebiblebib &eae three of these being in daniel where he Is referred to as michael your prince liali22 of him daniel propleciedprophecledprophe cled and at that time shall michael staldstand up the great prince which standeth for the 0 children of thy people and there shall be a time of trouble such as never was since there was a nationna tdion even to that time & andcndalid at that time thy people shallshailshallshailsha11 be delivered every one that

E 1 shalle11aliall1 1 be foundevand writtenwultzen in thezhegha bockobooko judeU de ttelistellse A S of0 michaeimichaelmicheelche e P the archangelArch aneel ecacontendingtending with the devil about the bodyb0dy 0ofA moses 4 and previous to that when there was war in heaven michael and his angelsancanaeisels fought against thethesthee dragon and the dragon fought and his angelsan reis and prevailed not neither was their place found anymore in heaven 115 an early non canoni cal writing the shepherd of hermalhermashermanherhenmaneereenmas contains an erestingcrestingintinterestingeresting relereferencedeleeneleerence to the power and position of the archangel michaelMichaeljelP which significantly parallels tthehe L D S doctrine ofoj1 pat- ririarchalarchal rule and the great and glorious angel is ichaelmichael14 who has power over this people and governs them for this is he who put the law into the hearts of those who bellevebelievebelbeiieveleveiove therefore he looks after those to whom he gave it to see if they have really kept it 6 elsewhere in the shepherd of herniasherrhenrHerynias michael isia referred to as

1 danan 792279 22 2danan 1013 21 12112100 adan3dan 12112 1 cju4jujudede 9 bev5revarevrev 127 848 6 the apostolictolic fatfathershe rs Atransurans kirsopp le T shep hercherehheyeer cl of0 f prcarc ambr i dge harvar1arvardgarvard d university pres iqlybci4oj 1.1 IIIT11 j sidisiniSL lnleanle VIIIVTTILL liiiiilitiiiehiie 323 p 197 cf IV lueken michaelmichaei GttingenetingenGottlgottlngen0 ttingenngen 1898 0 illlillii thet1ta1eae son of godagod1 tl-thee transtranetranslatorlatorlaton kirkirsoppkipsopp lake walwas frankly puzzled by this seeming incongruity

the book of mormon neither michael nor the ancient of days is to be found in the book of mormon although daaadaadamadam is mentioned some twentyfivetwenty flfiveve times the book of Yimormontormon does not contain an account of the worlds or of mans creation but confines itself to the fall its consequences etc nor does it profess to be a complete religious history it is only concerned with certelcertvlcertaincertcent VL n events subsequent to circa 2300 C then too the nephite prophets were in possession of the socalledso caledcalled brass plates of laban containing a record olof01 the creation thus making it unnecessary to recountrecounts it oneitherboneitheron either the large or small plates of nephi or on the plates of Mormonmormon2mormone 2 even moroni the abriabrldgerabridgeridgeradger of the Jarjareditejaredineedite history known as the book of theretherI1 it omits the creation stolystory saying and as I1 suppose that the first part of this reco-recordrd which speaks concconcerningeming the creation of the world and also of adam and the account from that time even to the great tower and whatsoever things transpired among the children of men until that time is had amorlgamong the jewsawwjews therefore I1 do not write those things which transpired from the days of adam until that time but they are had upon the plates and whoso lindethfindeth them the same will have power that he may get the full accountaccount3accounts 3 it is evident that the book of mlorllimormonlonzon was not the source of joseph smitsmilsmithshlsahls identification of adam as michael the

11bid11 simsirasirn 1bidbsdibid ix

2 R 1vtomormonz mon 15 cokook of transransrane josephA sith jr salt lake city church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saintss31ints 194l19471941 I1 echinehlephi 5jllallelieeile111v 3lbid31bid31 bid etetherlaerlheriber 1333. L if

112121151 2 ancientA of days this became known only after its publication in Alarchearchllarchmarch 1830

the doctrine and covenants

1 although joseph smsnithsmithlthalth spoke of 2itt it is nonotL known just when he heard the voice of michaelmichaell the archangelaArchangelarchangel1archanch angel 13 but it was apparently while living in harmony pa the summer of 1830 that the revelation proclaimingoroclaoxocla imingaiming the first man2mana to bebo michaelmichaeimichaelYi chael

11 LO or adam the father of all the prince1.1 of all the ancierancienancient of

days3daysedays13 was received the followingL ollor ing month september the prophet received another revelation in which the ondlordlondord god spoke of michael as mine archangel tl and of adam as your father whom I1 created and made an agent unto himself 11 and 4 lf 14 whho0 in time became subject totheto 0 the will of the devildevillfdevilla wherefore I1 the lord god caused that he should be cast out fromfrormfroam the garden of eden from my presence because of010 his transgression wherein he became spiritually dead alichvlichvhich is the I1 death but behold I1 say unto you firstfinst0 thatthab I1 the lord oodgodf od e ave unto adam and unto his seed that they should not dad2diedlee as to the temporal death until I1 god the loralordlond P should send forth ancangelsc4ca elseis to declare unto them repentance and redemption through faith on the name of mine only begotten son5sonsona 5 in 11tarchmarch 1832 the prophet was told by the lord that he had

tta Ml and .41 and 41 your appointedai ichaelmichaelmichaei prince established his feet 0 f set him udonuponA high and givenven unto him the keys of salvation under the counsel and direction of the holy one who is with- 6 out buzbunginninobeginningbinninoglnginnino of days or end of life 0 and in the future

doctrineldoctrinedoctpine snd covenantcovenants 5 a one0opeopoP citeiteltC 1 t y 12801282121 2tbidibid 8416841684 16 31bbibid3ibida 2711 bibia4ibia 2920292052920429024292614

9 5 T cl 111 b ac L1 1 2 6tat b dv 716316736 ibicl W 1 bid Ibi 29ll2911122c lal2I 3l6 21133

4 P r 1 battledattlebattieoattie OofOP the greatrea oodgod w tchich is to bo fouchtffoughth t bbetweenet ei c an

aj 4 dezden 1 1 nichaelmichael the sseventhe v e lialibth anel even the aarchangelchance 1j and the4 h e davildevilv

1 111 miehael1 isa chael vallvail fainnainpain thetho vivictoryctoryatory fforor thetho saintssa4saaantsnts of0 cod aardandd ovalovercomec 0 me him who seekethseebeth the throne of hiahlahim who sittsitfsitfcethtethcethoeth upon thethronevthrothrones thronenevnep even the lamb this battle is to be fought at the end of the

1 earthseartoheartons mmillennial11 enn d peace the doctrine 1mdsnd covenants infers the death of adam in relation to the ordination of his ririghteoushteousoteous

L L LO sons to the priesthood& V for sehseth was ord&lnedor&l11a ned by adam ata the age of sixtyninesixty nine years and was blessed by him three years previous to his adansadansadams deathdeaths illfil1 it is again mentioned in connection with the great convocation of adamadamaadam1 s ririghteous67 nleousteous posterity in the 1 2 valley of adam ondiondl 4ahman2ahmannhman

A andkindhindbind the lord apneapedappeared unto them and theyrosethey rose up and neared 4 11 tf404.0 blessed adam and called himhi r ichaelmichael11ichael 1.1 the4hehe prince the archangel and the loralord administered comfort unto adam and said unto him I1 have setsot thee to be at the head a multitude of nations shall come of thee andaridarld thou art a prince over thenthemthera forever and adam toodstoods up in the midst anid of the concongregalcongregationgregallulonluton Y andaridarld notwithstandingJ c1ca heho was bowed do1v aoe e downtn with ananeageC I1 beinsbeing full of the holy ghost predicted whatsoever should befall his posterity unto the latest generation3generationgenerations 3 1

pearlpeari of great price some ol01of the writingswri tings of moses and of abraham are to be found in the compilation known as the pearl piof orreaorneagreatauf1uf price although both refer to the creation neither contains the

klikui L two nemename 9 ichaelmichaelmichaeiiii or the title the ancient 0of days the writings are remarkably alike and yet significantly differentdifdlfferento A major difference is abrahams use of the term the gods

I1 rarather1cheracher than the 1 I god found 4in moses CJjoseohjosooh0 S e h sitlslitlsth s

1 lo10 21bnL 3lbjd3 356 1abd1 1.1 10.10 7 2 2lbidd 6 p 116 0 d 107 35656 4 bidrbd 10742 m 107536 11414

avowal thatthabthalld thetho feodhondhoodheodhopd codCoccod1fodicodicodacoclolllollloti wereworeweroworo thetho creatorscybatorcynator of efeorthborthrth and man is probably based uuponoon abrahams polytheism especially itherehereheuewhere the account saysayssaysandsaysanasAndA 1 c thanU ha n the lorddord said let us drocrogo down Aandnd they went down at the beginning and they that iiss the gods organized and formed the heavens and the earthearths 2 it is accepted church doctrine clearly taught in the endowment that one of these gods was ichaelmichaeimichael14 or adanadamadara and that he played a najormajor roierolecclerolonoie in the formation of this earth zhenwhen it was fullyfolly prepared the gods went dosdomdown to organize man in their own image in the image of the gods to form they 113 him male anda lidkid emaleffemale to fformorm they them prior to this physical embodiment man was likewise literally begotten in the anthropom6rdicanthropomorpliic inageimage of hishisbishig heavenly father as a spirit child of godagod4 the genesis explanation of nasmasnantsmants earthly origin also written by moses is almost identical with that to be found in the book of moses where we read and IPI1 the lord god formed man ffronfromronrom the dust of the broungroundd and breathed& into his nostrils the breath of life and man became aliailallalivincaliningalivingvinC soul the first flesh upon the earth tll-thee first man also nevertheless all things were before created but spiritually wwereere they created and radena d according to my word5wordworda sgirituallyspiritually abraham adds that after the gods formed man from the dust of01

TT tig 1 raue tid0 the ground they took Ithe mansraub s spirit and put it into him

1 teachings of josejoserhjosephjoseohoh snithsmithsnithysmithy onop cit appp oti37173371071 73 epearl2pearl of oteaoreagreatgrea t price salt lake citcity church of jesus 2arl ay maln Us 1948 q410 christ ofattetttelatt&iwddy salnsaints 194 9 abraham ile 33lbidT bid abr ipaip77 1mosesmos es 227 ktbid4 tbidabid ntosesnoosesoses 353573 7 abr 55755 7 37 a moses 6tat6lbido- d lbiabiibid 37 1 abr 57 11

pe allail greatgre c e 1 C r the pearlpearialial I of at pricepri like genesisdelaegelae si s locates0.0 ates evesvelvet s ysicalphysical origin in one of adarsadansadams ribsrihs 1 WJ cleon skousen an outstanding student of latterlatterdayday saint theotheologyloZy has proffered a possible interpretation of the expression dust of the ground as usedu ed in connectionconnect lonion with mantsmans earthly beginningbeginningsbeginning22 he points out that in a message from god to adam one which he was to relay to his children it was said that by reason of transgression cometh the fall which fall bribringethngeth death and inasinasmuchrauchnauch as ye were born into the world by water and blood and the spirit which I1 have made and so became of dust a living soul even so ye must be born again into the kingdom of heaven of0 steraterstenvatervatenwateristeristeni and oiof1 the spirit and be cleansed by blood even the blood of mine only begotten 3 since the same dust of the ground concept used in reference to adans birth is used in relatpelatrelationlonion to the births of his off- s was springsorineLdrineoringordng and sincezincebince adam t like his more righteous posterity born again or baptibaptizedsedzed in walwatwaterdezo and in Spiritspirit4spirita 4 it might

al 1 be reasoned thtahtI adamsadan s physical body wswas pproducedoduced in the same manner as those of his children otherwise the symbolism in the baptismal ordinance a rebirthreb arth of water and of spirit becomes lost upon him Aagainzan like genesis the pearl of great price dedefinesrinescines adam as the male and female the man aandd the woman in combin- ationwion5wiona the woman was called eve because she was the mother of all living for thus have I1 the lord god called the first llbidlloidlibido moses 32122321 22 abrabdabreabde 5iliillwilwihlii la16l616w

V11 cleon skousen the firstfi 1 s4sa teotwowo thousandthou and&nd yearsYears knoubunoubunpub MSIV S spearlpearipearl of great price op citit kiosesmiosesmoses 659 4lbid 666566 65 ibid 69 ilg1166 of all women which are nanymanymeny lkewlikewiseakew lse the first ranman of all men have I1 called adam which is many lt2ltv2 we are informed that all the days that adam lived viereviedewerewarewaue nine hundred and thirty years and he died 1133 he was the first and greatest of the patriarchs a son of god with whom god himself conversed4conversed 44 A final wardinwcrdin concludingq1qa this study the writer quotes from the most recent exposition to be published by the church on the identity and oositicnposition of adam it comes from the pen of elder joseph fielding smith president of the quorum of the twelve adam was amongamong the intelligences spoken of by the lord 1I to abraham who were appointed to be rulers on histhisV earth helie was michael a prince and son of god chosen to corriecome to this earth and stand at the head of his posterity holding ththath3 keys of salvation under the counsel and direction 0off the holy one who is without beginning ol01of days or end of 11 life daCDd4 & coC 7871681678678168l678167816.16 thiswusmus holyho Y one Is jesus christ on the earth michael was known as adam in the preexistentpre existent state he was a spirit1pirits like the others of our fathers children in the book of genesis 126 and 27 we are toldd that adam obtained his body from the dust of the earth and that he wasT not subject to death is inferred in the corandcarandcomandcommandmentfientnient the lord gave him that if he transgressed ttheL le divine commandmentcozzacozzunandment and ate the fruit of the tree of the lmoimooledgeknoledgeknkroledge of good and evil he should surely die gen 217 in the book of mormon 2 nephi 2222122 we are positively informed that adam inicinfowoulduld have lived forever in theU he garden if he had not parpartakenskenakenlakenL of the forbidden fruitfruitsfruite so adam was in no sense mortal until after his transgression that his immortal spirit came from another worlwoulwoutworldwouldldl d is verily true just as it is true of each one of us for we all lived in the spirit existence before we came into this world and obtained bodies which inherited mortality through the fall of adamadaluadanu we are also informed in the scriptures that bebeforeidorei0ore adam and eve transtransgressedgrassedgressed they were without children andthe

1 L 1 r d P 26 2lbid 1 34 I1 oid 4264 21bid2 laal3a 3lb3d31bid 612 libidbibid4lbid 622 117

I1iteiye linn1 1 fall was essential to theV 1 deopneoppeoplinginn oiof the earth ath3th ththeirtheine 4 r 1as oming& when A A offspring0 fs 1 chen the titruthuth irin relationJ to the consequences0 of0 f tthehaehue fallfailf a 11 were made known tto0 adam and sveeveeve they rerejoicedj 0 i ce dp and eve said iteneivere it not forfo-r oulouiouroun ttransrrress4otransgressionzi 0weo nevernevar should have had seedseedy sndandsme nevedneverne rrerarrer should haveh xe kncnknon oodpond7 ond aaand edvilleyvillevil and theulye joysoyoy of our redemptionre ae t4ta onxbonx and the eternal lilellieilfelife whichvh ichach1ch god ivicheiletheivethivfch untunto00oo all theadhe obedeobedientnt tt mosesmlo se s 5 11 lehi alsoaiso understood this truth and he said adaadamm fell that men might be andancana men are that they might have joyjoyejoyosoy 2 nephi 2251225.122501225j1 4 here istheis the official doctrine60 ctrinecarine of the church 0of4 jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints here the matter rests

ra op eitcitelt julyjuijul Y 193 p 50303 bibliography

oostolicapostolicA fathersdathersaDathersa translated by kirsopp lake the sheshepherdrhephee d of01 hermaseTiT ermas cambridge & harvard university fressprefs196press 1946

1 bool ofofmormonMormonMi ormon translated by joseph smith jr salt lake city church of jesus christ of latterlatterdaydatterdsadaaU ter day saints 1941947 conference reports of the church of jesus christ of latterlattenlatterdaydaday saints lake city deseret news printprintsprinte & pub est msomao salt the deseret nevnewnewss salt lake city deseret hewsnews pub co 180igo18501650 ay W diaradiarz of samuel ririchardsBichardschard 31 182ln02l82li lq09 provo utah brighbrigham iyyouwyoumyounsyoung university library 1941946

the doctrineroc trine and covenants of the churchch Ltrch of jesus christ of lattelatterlatterdayr day saintesaintseSainsaintgtse salt lake city church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints 1928 ed the elders journal chattanoogaI1 southern states mission of the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints 190319071903 1907 IV

the eveningfndbveninp and eloelominamorningMlo minzmina star vol I1 II11 independence mo foF goG WilliwllllsmswillismswilliamsWllllsmsilamsiiamssmsems and co 1832331832 33 IQi the improvement era 9 salt lake city church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints 1896189600mv0 jenson andrew latterlatterdayday saint biogabiogbiographicalranhical encyelopediaencyclopediaeneyencyeiocloeloclopediadedlaneddapedia vol I1 salt lake city andrew jenson historyIT storystony coCF 1901ele journal ofkoflL john nunuttailnuttaiitta 11 18183190183 19019-igo05 provo utah Bribrighamghazi ofl 1 young university LbrarylibraryararyI i94o194d latterdatterlatterdaydaycay saisalsainfcnttantt s mesmessengerseneer and advocate vol I1 kirtland 0 F cgoG wiltiamiltiawilliamss aandsriarlari dcootscootco 1141431534 37 37.373 latdatlatterdattertertedteddadaday sasaintin t t s millenniallyl i11enhi aisielsisbaabaar liverpool church of jesus chchristristdist of latterlatterdayday saintsaintss l8lj840840ww0 ww ilyonjyon T edgar orson pratt early mormon leader 11 unpu- blished masters thesis dept of church eistelsthistoryHistcry uzaurmuniversity&1versity of chicago 1932

118 ilg119

P W idiidl V 1 yaqnq paden 51 1 s mormonism0 0 sm 1 volla aden IIs ri chaesinchansinchanging bibljcg1ilclic reviewrenview P volvoi xiv 1929 3804020804023804020380080 4024020

pe greatJ1 pearlpeariariarl ol01or onealgreal price salt lakeke city a church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints 194819418 prattypratt orson ed the seedseerseep Vwashingtonashilashiaashlaagton D coC church of jesus christ of atterlatterattenlattenlatterdayday saints 16535541853165318631831 554 Proceedproceedingsinesinas of the first sunday school convention of the church ofot jesus christ of latterlatterdayday santssaints salt lakenakeake city deseret sandaysunday school union1899union 16991899

7 richards franklin D ecied sacred hymns andend spiritual sonso cs r forfocor the charchchurchchurchcharchurch of jesus christ ofof latterlattenlatterdayjattererdayendaydavday sasaintssa3ntsntanaantsants a lith edsedede rev liverpool 71F D ricrichardshards 1165b roberts B hoH A comprehensiveconorehensiveprehensive bistoristozy of the church of jesus christchri st of lattelatterlatterdaydavday saints saltsaitit ake city deseret news pressras20 193019300 mormon doctrine of dettydeity salt lake city deseret Nnews6 W 19030 P salt lake hereldheraldhereidheralds june 11 19071907e salt lake city 187019201870 1920 i schroeder A T ed zionluciferzionlucifersZion Luciferlucifers s lantern salt lake cityolty A T schroeder 1898919l8981to70 sexbanaryranary a proveprovo young selseminary lecture 2.2 12211921 utah brigham university library 1921 y smith joseph jr history of the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdaydadayj saintsaints s saltsailsallsait lake city churchurchchun i of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints 1909 smith joseph F letter to S 0 bennionbennBenr lonion salt jjakerjakeake city 1912 smith joseph fielding jr ed teachings of the proprophetahetohet joseph smithsmithssmithe salt lake city deseret news press 195194194e thehe yayvayaz to perfection independence mo genealog- ical society of utah 195619461946019400 skousen W cleon the first two thousand years unpubunput 1yayMSTS snow R poems eliza 3 rellreilRelireligiouselousZious historical and Politipoliticalpoliticalscalscaiecale salt lake city latterlatterdayday saint print and pub Eestst 1877 IIliw11 stenhouse T B H the rocky mointainmountainmolnMoin tain saints nednevnew yorkY ork D appleton and co 1873187301187.301 120

M E C a immageac e JV jan-jamese s A c e s c F bhe a vi taiTaltalmagetaimagemaseC janes articlesr cf ththe seltsaltseitit lakeeakedaheaheabeebe cityit y churchurch of jesus christghristchrlschris t otof latterlatlerlatuer dajday sainsaintLss 1937 the tirretucstmcstimnes and Seasonseasonsseasonsoso nauvoo church of jesus christ of04 lattelatterr day0 Is 16 dav saintsaints 2 1839461839946946

1 tullid3etullidnretullidge edward WOW life of 7rblipbriparlzhnmnherlheml Yyouiryounr0-1 1 n 0orr Uuvahutahu1ahah and herper founders new yoryorkyonkll11 1877 life of josethjoserhjosejoseohoh the ProDpronprophethet ad2d ed revised kanofianonanoplanopiano illiiililili111111. reorganized church of jesus christ of& lattlatterlatterdayeerdayday saints 1860188018 06 rd the bonienworenwomenonien of mormondornmormondonieMormon dorndoniedoniadonladomn kevkewnew york 1877387738773.877 battuattvafct G D et al eds thetho journal of 1disediscisiscoursesdiscoursescoursesourses liverpool churmchurch of jesus christ of latterlatlatterdayt eerdayrdday saints 1854841854 84 wells junius PF edned the contributor salt lake city the contributor coedll879918799187931879 v vddtsoeifvidtsoe john A edwedeod the discouzrsesrisdis courses of brigham young salt lake city deseret boboole co00yosy 194s evidencesEvidencescea and reconciliationsreconciliation3a salt lake city Bookebookerafbookcraffcraft 1943 whitney helen harharemareaphapemare eviplurale11 linalnairal majiraeearydarr1marMajiraetrae9zeaze As tautaughtht by the prophet laataw otty juvenile s ce 0.0 i2tidtiosejosejosephsjosephe salt lake citygityolty instructor orfoffofficei whitneyitney orson PF eliaseilasellasfilias an Eenicepicoicbic of the ages e rev ed salt lake city 1914 life of heber C kimball salt lake city juveniljuvenilee instructorinstruetorton isbblabblbbb gos winchester benjaminfa ed the gospelnelneipel reflector philadelphia church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints 1841 ABSTRACT

the latterlatterdayday saints are unique in zhatothatchato unlike other christian denominationdenominationssp they do not view adam the first man as a renegade from paradise who should properly be blamed for the carnal sensual and devilish nature of the world we live in- on the contracontraryryopyo they honor him as one of the two greatest universal benefactors of all time for had it not been for his fore ordainedordained1 fall from aortalimmortalim glory to mortal

7 dust and darkness the spirit children of god would haveheave been deprived of the earthly embodiment which alone makes salvation i and eventual equality with the gods possible without that sacrifice on the part of adamaadam there would have been no mortal life upon this globe nor death nor any redredeemersemer to conquer it aandnd make real the hope within usua of immortality and eternal life adam is identified as I1michaelmichaels the archangearchangel1 the ancient of daydays the great progenitor and patriarch of the human racesrace by the latterdaylatterlatten dayay saints this knowledge came through revelation to the prophet joseph smith in 183018309 and there are sorbsome who maintain that adam is in reality the father of spirits as well 4 this belief is primarily based upon the remarks of briahambridahambrjghani loungyyoimgryoungy the Propprophetshetts successor in the presidency of the churchy however the church does not advocate this doctrine it has consistentlycons A stently and determlndlydetermindlydeterminedly Q o T C r JI rr held to the basic teachte&chteachingrl0 cfof josephcr snithsmithi h roltfver0 tl ve to ldaradaradadadan from time to time thetho quequestionstdonLI of adairsadaireadamaday s identityantienti Y hhshashaas arisenartsenawl lsenisentsen anongamong some of the membership causing a certain amount of discussion and debate but the problem has usually been treated as an academic flight of fancy more than anything else even some church authorities have given vent to theories of their own design but these too have lacked the imprimatur of official doctrine eonnon beormonscormonsmormons especially those affiliated with other religious denominations are quite fond of acting as censors of latterlatterdayday saint teachings not infrequently they have taken it upon themselves to upbraid the church for its base anthropomorphic concept of god as well as the great respect it evidences for adam their particular target has been the socalledso called adam god sermon given by president young in 1821852 they delight in citing it as proof of a doctrine of which the latterlatterdayday saints should be ashamed it the fact that the church has repeatedly denied the acceptance of adam as god the father has not dimiriisdimldimidiminishedriisrissheahed to any appreciable degree the use by those elements which aeseekel to dledidrieridiculeiaulebaule mormonismMormonisa of the aforementionedforementioneda addressaddreos where there is freedom of thoughtthoughts there rlvi 11 be at least occasional differences of opilopinopinionlonoiono within the churchchurchy such freedorfreedom does existseydst none are denied the right to specu- late upon thehe unkunknownnovin so long as they do not betray the fundamental tenets of the faithalthfalthsalthsaith or preach asaa doctrine the colacoacoracom mandmentsmand ments of men ft that such speculatspeculatespeculation1 on has given risarisenisa to idividu6liiindividual ideas and interpretations of cer-certainlallnavinskin moot points of doctrine is true yet they are essentiallyessent4a21ay1y minor differences differences which in no way affect the basic principlesprinciplesprimciples of salvation those yhovtooaho compriseconcompraise the leadership of the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints stand foarfourfoursquarefoanfoun square behind those universal truths which remain the bedrockbed rock upon which the church is founded it is to their united pronouncements that one must turn forfoufoloforn official doctrine