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Descargar Publicación ANTROPOLOXÍA MARIÑEIRA ANTROPOLOXÍA MARIÑEIRA Actas do Simposio Internacional in memoriam Xosé Filgueira Valverde Pontevedra 10-12 de xullo, 1997 Presidente de Honra ANTONIO FRAGUAS FRAGUAS Coordinador FRANCISCO CALO LOURIDO CONSELLO DA CULTURA GALEGA Ponencia de Antropoloxía Cultural Santiago de Compostela, 1998 Simposio Internacional Antropoloxía Mariñeira (1997. Pontevedra) Antropoloxía Mariñeira: Actas do Simposio Internacional in memoriam Xosé Filgueira Valverde, Pontevedra, 10-12 de xullo de 1997 / [organizado pola] Ponencia de Antropoloxía Cultural ; coordinador, Francisco Calo Lourido. — Santiago de Compostela : Consello da Cultura Galega, 1998. — 361 p. ; 24 cm D.L. C-1.947-98. — ISBN 84-87172-37-7 1. Antropoloxía cultural-Congresos e asembleas, I. Ponencia de Antropoloxía Cultural, org. II. Calo Lourido, Francisco, coord. 39:061.3 EDITA: © Consello da Cultura Galega ISBN: 84-87172-37-7 D.L.: C-1.947/98 IMPRIME: Gráficas ATV ÍNDICE PRESENTACIÓN Antonio Fraguas Fraguas / Francisco Calo Lourido .............................................. 11 INAUGURACIÓN DO SIMPOSIO Antonio Fraguas Fraguas ........................................................................................ 13 NOVO ACHEGAMENTO Á OBRA DE DON XOSÉ FILGUEIRA VALVERDE: PONTEVEDRA E O MAR Xosé Manuel González Reboredo .......................................................................... 15 INDIVIDUALISMO FRONTE ÓS NOSOS, AFIRMACIÓN LOCAL CONTRA OS ALLEOS E DEFENSA DO TERRITORIO Francisco Calo Lourido .......................................................................................... 29 EL PAPEL DE LA FAMILIA EN LA POBLACIÓN DE PESCADORES DE CUDILLERO Juan Oliver Sánchez Fernández .............................................................................. 43 OS PESCADORES COMO CREADORES DE COÑECEMENTO “EXPERTO”: O SEU PAPEL NO DESEÑO DE NOVAS POLÍTICAS PESQUEIRAS Antonio García Allut .............................................................................................. 57 IDENTIDADES DE GRUPO Y DE CULTURA EN LOS MARINEROS DE BAJURA DEL NOROESTE DE GALICIA Staffan Mörling & Xosefa Otero Patiño ................................................................. 77 HISTOIRE DES CHALOUPES SARINIÈRES DE DOUARNENEZ DANS LEUR CONTEXTE SOCIAL ET TECHNO-ÉCONOMIQUE Bernard Cadoret ...................................................................................................... 91 7 MAR ENTERRADO, MAR COMPARTIDO, MAR SEPARADO. DISTINTAS FORMAS DE SER MARINERO EN LAS BALEARES Alejandro Miquel Novajra ...................................................................................... 113 LA ANTROPOLOGÍA DE LA PESCA Y EL PROBLEMA DE LA GESTIÓN José Pascual Fernández .......................................................................................... 145 A ESTRUTURA DAS “ARTES NOVAS” DA COSTA DE AVEIRO, AO LONGO DA 2ª METADE DO SÉC. XVIII: MÃO-DE-OBRA, DIVISÃO DE TRABALHO, FORMAS DE PROPRIEDADE E DIVISÃO DO PRODUTO Inês Amorim ........................................................................................................... 159 A ARTE XÁVEGA NA COSTA CENTRO E NORTE DE PORTUGAL: PROCESSOS DE ADAPTAÇÃO E MUDANÇA Paulo Nunes Lopes e Helena Lopes ....................................................................... 187 ARREDOR DO POLBO. DO MAR Á MONTAÑA Xosé Antón Fidalgo Santamariña ........................................................................... 195 A PESCA FLUVIAL NO BAIXO TÂMEGA E DOURO Teresa Soeiro .......................................................................................................... 231 LA DINÁMICA DE LA VALORACIÓN Y LA MARGINALIZACIÓN SOCIALES DE LA MUJER CONSERVERA GALLEGA Kellie Christine Germond ....................................................................................... 253 LOS RITOS PROPICIATORIOS DE LOS PESCADORES GALLEGOS Y DE OTRAS COMUNIDADES EUROPEAS Fernando Alonso Romero ....................................................................................... 269 DEVOCIÓNS MARIÑEIRAS: DO CORPO SANTO Á VIRXE DO CARME Clodio González Pérez ........................................................................................... 283 8 OS EXVOTOS DE TEMA MARIÑEIRO EN GALICIA Xosé Fuentes Alende .............................................................................................. 315 LENDA E POESÍA POPULAR NAS NOSAS RÍAS, NO NOSO MAR Antonio Fraguas Fraguas ........................................................................................ 335 A MUSEALIZACIÓN DO MUNDO DO MAR EN GALICIA: APROXIMACIÓN Ó SEU PROCESO Francisco Fariña Busto ........................................................................................... 349 9 PRESENTACIÓN É ben certo que o Consello da Cultura Galega non foi creado coa finalidade de organizar xuntanzas nin simposios; pero si está explicitada estatutariamente a súa mi- sión de incitador de temas relevantes para a cultura galega e que, polas razóns que se- xa, non tiveron nin teñen a consideración debida. Que Galicia foi e é un país cun im- portantísimo potencial humano e económico adicado ás actividades relacionadas co mundo do mar é innegable. Chegue con dicir –sen entrar agora nos aspectos do ma- risqueo ou acuicultura- que ocupa o primeiro lugar, en canto ó total de tonelaxe das embarcacións, de entre tódolos estados que conforman a U.E. (270.577 t fronte ás 259.981 que ten Italia, a segunda na lista); pero, por coñecidas razóns, os investiga- dores, tanto historiadores como antropólogos, case sempre se mantiveron de costas a esta importantísima faceta da realidade galega. Cando un dos organizadores deste simposio redactou o prólogo á súa memoria de licenciatura, elaborada sobre un porto de mar e defendida en 1974, e máis tarde considerada obra pioneira dentro do estado español, fixo notar que, se ben ós antro- pólogos lles interesa o alleo á súa cultura, o chocante, case todos –el tamén– teñen un- ha querencia especial por estudia-lo máis inmediato. Se isto é así, e a experiencia non ten trazas de negalo, non é de estrañar que, sendo naturais das cidades ou do rural campesiño a case totalidade dos grandes historiadores e antropólogos que ata hoxe produciu Galicia, a investigación do mundo mariñeiro estivera practicamente orfa de cultivadores. Isto foi o que motivou á Ponencia de Antropoloxía Cultural do Consello da Cultura Galega a organizar un simposio que servira de revulsivo á comunidade científica galega. Acordouse adicalo á memoria de D. Xosé Filgueira Valverde, Presidente que foi do Consello, fortemente vinculado ós membros da Ponencia noutras diferentes institu- cións e, sobre todo, con fondos lazos persoais, e investigador -tan esplendidamente bo como en tantos outros eidos da nosa cultura- que nos deixou traballos sobre os mare- antes da súa ben amada cidade. E aí, precisamente, en Pontevedra, a gran vila mari- ñeira de antano, situouse a celebración das xornadas, deixando un día para traballar na illa que vixía a bocana da súa ría, o baluarte de Ons. As datas do mesmo foron os días 10-12 de xullo de 1997. Invitouse a especialistas de toda España, incluídas, como non podía ser menos, Baleares e Canarias, de Portugal, de Francia, dos EE.UU., de Suecia... Acudiron os que puideron, e xustificaron a súa ausencia os poucos imposibi- litados de facelo, facilitando mesmo nomes de colegas interesados en participar. E transcorreron os días traballando conxuntamente os especialistas e un público novel interesadísimo sobre case tódolos aspectos relacionados co mundo mariñeiro, desde unha análise da obra do profesor Filgueira ó estudio da familia, do traballo no mar, 11 dos coñecementos empíricos, das crenzas, da relixiosidade, da arte popular, da muse- alización deste tipo de vida e cultura, da exposición etnográfica como punto de refe- rencia comparativo de comunidades afastadas, de prácticas de pesca xa desaparecidas aquí, pero aínda vivas –posiblemente por pouco tempo- nas costas portuguesas, ou do papel da muller nas fábricas de conserva ata a territorialidade nos esquemas mentais dos pescadores. O noso desexo inicial de converter Pontevedra nun foro de debate e posta a pun- to das diferentes vías de penetración antropolóxica nos eidos do mar resultou comple- tamente satisfactorio; pero un simposio non remata ata que as actas, a transcrición do que nel se dixo, sae á luz e se pon a disposición de todos. Isto sucede precisamente ago- ra, e facemos votos para que, unha vez na rúa, se esperten novas ansias e vocacións investigadoras que decidan marca-la derrota, seguindo o ronsel que aquí se trazou. Non podemos rematar sen deixar constancia do noso agradecemento ó Instituto de Bacharelato “Torrente Ballester” de Pontevedra pola desinteresada e total cesión das súas instalacións para a celebración das sesións de traballo. Igualmente debemos lembrar aquí ó Museo de Pontevedra, do que D. Xosé foi alma mater, e onde, loxica- mente, se celebrou a sesión de clausura, acto que contou coa presencia do Excmo. Sr. Casares Mouriño, actual Presidente do Consello da Cultura Galega, a quen lle agra- decemos as súas verbas. O persoal do Consello xogou un papel transcendental desde a preparación e desenvolvemento das actividades ata as correccións lingüísticas dos tex- tos, os cales, seguindo a praxe habitual desta Ponencia, aparecen na lingua orixinal po- la que optaron os diferentes autores. Para todos vaian, outra volta, as nosas gracias. Antonio Fraguas Fraguas. Presidente Francisco Calo Lourido. Coordinador 12 INAUGURACIÓN DO SIMPOSIO Antonio Fraguas Fraguas DON XOSÉ FERNANDO FILGUEIRA VALVERDE Imos facer unha presentación dun
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