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US5476511.Pdf |||||||||| USOO547651 1A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,476,511 Gwon et al. 45) Date of Patent: Dec. 19, 1995 54 SUBCONJUNCTIVAL MPLANTS FOR 4,186,184 l/1980 Zaffaroni................................... 424/4 OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY 4,863,457 9/1989 Lee ............. 604/8911 5,098,443 3/1992 Parel et al................................... 623f4 75) Inventors: Arlen E. Gwon, Newport Beach; David Meadows, Mission Viejo, both of Calif. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 0262893 4/1988 European Pat. Off. 73 Assignee: Allergan, Inc., Irvine, Calif. 0316838 5/1989 European Pat. Off.. 9214450 9992 WPO. (21) Appl. No.: 96,624 Primary Examiner-Randy C. Shay 22 Filed: Jul. 21, 1993 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Walter A. Hackler Related U.S. Application Data 57) ABSTRACT 62 Division of Ser. No. 926,402, Aug. 10, 1992, Pat. No A system for providing controlled release of an active agent 530014, which is a division of Set No.878,034, May 4, in an eye includes a device with a shape thereof for enabling 1992, Pat. No. 5,178,635. placement of the device under a conjunctiva of an eye and 6 additionally preventing migration of the device in the eye (51 int. Cl. ................................................. A61F 2/4 after placement of the device under the conjunctiva. The 52 U.S. Cl. ........................... 623/4; 60. 1a. E: device may beformed of amaterial permeable to the passage 9.6; of an agent disposed in said device. In addition, a tracer may 58) Field of Search ......................... 623/4-6, 604/890.1, be incorporated in the device to enable visual indication of 604/891.1, 892.2, 893, 894; 424/7.1, 9, the amount of active agent in said device when said device 422, 423, 424, 427; 514/912; 356/317, is disposed under the conjunctiva. To selectively treat spe 318, 417 cific areas of the eye, an impermeable layer may be provided 56 References Cited RFission of the active agent from a selected U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,995,635 12/1976 Higuchi et al. ......................... 128/260 8 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent Dec. 19, 1995 Sheet 1 of 3 5,476,511 U.S. Patent Dec. 19, 1995 Sheet 2 of 3 5,476,511 a N /4 O 40 70 y20 ?ao 200 AfG. 6. 77.4% (2/66, ) -o-Z/aaaa 42MMM. --4--40//A644/Aaa 22- --4ow6% 62/v/. ---0---4a6%/6a - -o- -Z/A264/AA - - --0---40/4A /4As a-NS SSs SS 2 SSN SS SS N SSNSS / SSNS O 40 40 /20 y20 200 A7.6: Z 77% (2/64) U.S. Patent Dec. 19, 1995 Sheet 3 of 3 5,476,511 -o- 40W. M. AA770 --O--56AAAA aa/70 ---0---/64 aa770 O 40 40 f2O ya(0 200 5,476,511 1. 2 SUBCONJUNCTIVAL MPLANTS FOR generally includes a device having means defining a shape OCULAR DRUG DELVERY thereof for enabling placement of the device under a con junctiva of an eye and more importantly, the shape is This application is a division of application Ser. No. specifically designed for preventing migration of the device 07/926,402, filed Aug. 10, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,300, 5 in the eye after placement of the device under the conjunc 114, which is a division of Ser. No. 07/878,034, filed May tiva. Alternatively, means may be provided for enabling 4, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,178,635. suturing of the device to the sclera of an eye. Yet another The present invention is generally related to a system for means for preventing migration of the device includes use of providing controlled release of an active agent in an eye and an adhesive for temporarily bonding the device to the particularly directed to a subconjunctival ocular implant for O conjunctiva. controlled release of an active agent. The device is formed from a material permeable to the Historically, treatment of eye conditions has usually been passage of active agent, and an active agent is provided and effected through the use of applied ophthalmic drugs in disposed in the device. The device would be implanted by a either liquid or ointment form. physician via routine outpatient procedure. Hence, the sys However, in many instances, it is preferable to release a 5 tem of the present invention eliminates the need for patient pharmaceutical agent acceptable at a controlled and/or con self-administration, and therefore the patient's lifestyle is tinuous rate over a prolonged period of time in order to not encumbered by any need to remember to take medica obtain a desired pharmacological effect. It is well known that tion by way of eye drops, or to have the manual dexterity such continuous delivery of a drug, or an active agent, is not necessary to insert and remove the device. obtainable through the use of liquid or ointment application, 20 Additionally, an important feature of the present invention despite periodic application of these medications. Even with includes means for providing visual indication of the amount the controlled dispensing of liquid eye drops, for example, of active agent in the device when the device is disposed the level of medication in the eye varies dramatically under the conjunctiva. This enables any physician to deter because of the washing effect of tears which can substan mine, over a period of time, in a quantitative manner, the tially decrease the amount of available medication until the 25 amount of medication released over a period of time and the next application of those drops. amount of active agent remaining in the device for future With specific reference to particular eye conditions, therapeutic treatment of the eye. glaucoma is reportedly controlled by the release of pilo carpine which is dispensed from a thin film drug-delivery Thus, it is intended that following surgical implant of the device inserted beneath an eyelid. Such ocular inserts are 30 device by a physician, periodic follow-up visits will enable typically fabricated from flexible polymeric material which the physician to visually determine and document the status retains its integrity and therefore remains intact during the of the eye treatment without removal of the device from the course of therapy. Ocular inserts containing pilocarpine are patient's eye. However, such devices can of course be disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,052,505 and 4,057,619. removed on a periodic basis as well, thus obviating the need Unfortunately, such ocular inserts generally require 35 for the visual indicator system. patient self-administration and in many instances may cause Specifically, the means for providing visual indication of eye irritation. Concomitant problems associated with the use the active agent in the device may comprise a fluorescent of ocular inserts include the necessity for patient education tracer and accordingly, a method in accordance with the on insertion and removal which require a sufficient degree of present invention for indicating the amount of medication in manual dexterity on the part of the patient. This may be 40 the device includes the disposing of the device between a particularly important for the geriatric population. In addi tissue layer of the subject and visually observing the indi tion, inadvertent loga of the ocular device due to lid laxity cated amount of medication in the device through the tissue is a persistent problem with such devices. layer. When a fluorescent tracer is utilized, the present In connection with the development of such devices, a method further includes the illumination of the device number of excellent diffusion barriers for the control and 45 through the conjunctivalayer in order to visually observe the release of drugs has been found, such as the ethylene-vinyl indicated amount of medication. acetate polymers set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 1,052,505. This More particularly, a subconjunctival ocular implant, in patent is directed to devices formed from flexible bodies of accordance with the present invention, further includes ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer containing ophthalmic drug means for supporting the active agent and enabling diffusion compositions such as pilocarpine, which is dispensed to the 50 of the active agent out of the implant at a selected rate. In eye by diffusion through the copolymer. While general addition, means may be provided for preventing diffusion of reference is made to use of such barriers in implants for the active agent from a selected area of the device in order releasing a drug in the tissues of a living organism, the to direct the diffusion of the active agent into selective areas device disclosed is particularly adapted for insertion in the of the eye, for example, posterior segments of the eye, such cul-de-sac of the conjunctiva between the bulbar conjunctiva 55 as the lens, the vitreous cavity and choroid/retina which are and lid to be held in place against the eyeball by the pressure typically not treated effectively by either topical eye drops or of the lid. eyelid-type inserts. The subconjunctival ocular implant, in accordance with the present invention, overcomes the salient disadvantages of the hereinabove described ocular therapeutic systems 60 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS which must be inserted into and removed from the cul-de sac of the conjunctiva. The advantages and features of the present invention will be better understood by the following description when SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings 65 in which: A system for providing controlled release of an active FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the subconjunctival ocular agent in an eye, in accordance with the present invention, implant in accordance with the present invention; 5,476,511 3 4 FIG.
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