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Download Date 23/09/2021 20:45:56 From Archaeology to Ideology in Northwest Mexico: Cerro de Moctezuma in the Casas Grandes Ritual Landscape Item Type Electronic Dissertation; text Authors Pitezel, Todd Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 23/09/2021 20:45:56 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145310 FROM ARCHAEOLOGY TO IDEOLOGY IN NORTHWEST MEXCIO: CERRO DE MOCTEZUMA IN THE CASAS GRANDES RITUAL LANDSCAPE by Todd Pitezel _____________________ Copyright © Todd Pitezel 2011 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the SCHOOL OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2011 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Todd Pitezel entitled From Archaeology to Ideology in Northwest Mexcio: Cerro de Moctezuma in the Casas Grandes Ritual Landscape and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 10/1/2010 Suzanne K. Fish _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 10/1/2010 Paul R. Fish _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 10/1/2010 Barbara J. Mills _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 10/1/2010 J. Jefferson Reid _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 10/1/2010 Thomas E. Sheridan Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________ Date: 10/1//2010 Dissertation Director: Suzanne K. Fish 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: Todd Pitezel 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Suzanne K. Fish chaired my dissertation committee. Paul R. Fish, Barbara J. Mills, J. Jefferson Reid, and Thomas E. Sheridan served as dissertation committee members. I am always grateful for their discussion and extraordinary willingness to help me across the line when the moment came. Dissertation research was supported by a National Science Foundation Dissertation Improvement Grant (BCS-0531262) and funding from the Emil Haury Educational Fund, the Raymond H. Thompson Fellowship Endowment, Reicker Grant, the Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society, and the Fred Plog Memorial Fellowship. Michael E. Whalen (University of Tulsa) and Paul E. Minnis (University of Oklahoma) generously shared settlement and artifact data; and Steve Swanson kindly shared hill site data to help make part of this dissertation possible. I alone am responsible for any inaccurate use or interpretation of their data. I am indebted to those who freely labored for me at Cerro de Moctezuma for one day or several weeks: Beth Bagwell, Michael Boley, Jessica Cerezo, Jeff Charest, James Clanahan, Karla Cordova, Daina Dajevskis, Jon Dowling, Jennifer Gutzeit, Emily Jones, Heather Kehres, Leonard Kemp, Lauren Kingston, Art MacWilliams, Dave Mehalic, Keith Mendez, Matt Pailes, Estee Rivera, Tom Robinson, Jennifer Sandretto, Kari Schmidt, Adam Searcy, Mike Searcy, Elizabeth Toney. From free labor in the field to countless lunches in Tucson where we considered what Casas Grandes meant and means and how Cerro de Moctezuma fits into that. Thank you, Art. I would be thoughtless if I did not thank Mike “Mago” Whalen, Paul “Sr. Ciencia” Minnis, and Paul Fish for the day of backfilling. I am sure that it is not often that your mentors become your willing slaves. Suzy, labored in other ways. Always encouraging and challenging, I have benefited from her deep reservoir of knowledge and remarkable, unending patience. Mago y Sr. Ciencia introduced me to Casas Grandes and gave me opportunities that few students are able to enjoy. There is simply no way to describe the circumstances of unparalleled generosity Suzy and Paul provided since I arrived in Tucson to start this journey. 5 to dad and mom 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ...........................................................................................................10 LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................13 ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................15 CHAPTER 1 – TOWARD A NEW UNDERSTANDING OF CERRO DE MOCTEZUMA AND THE CASAS GRANDES RITUAL LANDSCAPE .....................17 CERRO DE MOCTEZUMA .................................................................................................19 OVERVIEW OF THE INVESTIGATIVE APPROACH ..............................................................20 ORGANIZATION OF THE DISSERTATION ..........................................................................22 CHAPTER 2 – A VIEW OF THE PAST AND PRESENT STATE OF THE CASAS GRANDES MEDIO PERIOD .............................................................................25 CASAS GRANDES CHRONOLOGY ....................................................................................26 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING .............................................................................................29 CASAS GRANDES SETTLEMENT ......................................................................................31 PREVIOUS CASAS GRANDES STUDIES .............................................................................33 Paquimé ....................................................................................................................33 Near and Far Organization around Paquimé ..........................................................37 The Near Hinterland ..............................................................................................37 The Far Hinterland .................................................................................................43 Shamans, Cults, Ball Courts, and Hilltop Features .................................................46 SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................49 CHAPTER 3 – SETTING THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .................................51 LANDSCAPE ....................................................................................................................52 RITUALIZATION AND RELIGION ......................................................................................55 CRAFTING AND MOVING THROUGH THE LANDSCAPE .....................................................59 Placecrafting, Trails, and Shrines of Engagement ...................................................59 Pilgrimage.................................................................................................................63 ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY OF HILL USE IN MEXICO AND THE SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES .........................................................................................67 ARCHITECTURE ..............................................................................................................71 A THEORETICAL FOCUS ON CERRO DE MOCTEZUMA .....................................................72 CHAPTER 4 – CERRO DE MOCTEZUMA’S UPLAND FIELDS, CORRIODORS OF MOVEMENT, AND CROWING PRECINCT .................................................................74 CERRO DE MOCTEZUMA’S FIELDS OF POWER .................................................................74 CASAS GRANDES TRAILS................................................................................................79 TRAIL SURVEY METHODOLOGY AT CERRO DE MOCTEZUMA .........................................80 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS – Continued CONNECTING PEOPLE AND PLACE: CERRO DE MOCTEZUMA’S TRAILS AND WAYSIDE FEATURES ......................................................................................................83 Two North Entrance Trails .......................................................................................85 Trail 112 with Wayside Feature 93 ........................................................................85 Trail 113 .................................................................................................................86 Five West Entrance Trails ........................................................................................87 Trail 114 with Wayside Features 100, 101, 121, and 137 .....................................87 Trails 116 and 138 with Wayside Features
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