Form Factors and the Dilatation Operator in N=4 Super Yang-Mills
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Amplitudes, Form Factors and the Dilatation Operator in $\Mathcal {N
HU-MATH-2014-26 HU-EP-14/38 Amplitudes, Form Factors and the Dilatation Operator in N = 4 SYM Theory Matthias Wilhelm Institut f¨ur Mathematik und Institut f¨ur Physik Humboldt-Universit¨at zu Berlin IRIS Geb¨aude Zum Großen Windkanal 6 12489 Berlin [email protected] Abstract We study the form factor of a generic gauge-invariant local composite operator in = 4 SYM theory. At tree level and for a minimal number of external on-shell N super fields, we find that the form factor precisely yields the spin-chain picture of integrability in the language of scattering amplitudes. Moreover, we compute the cut- constructible part of the one-loop correction to this minimal form factor via generalised unitarity. From its UV divergence, we obtain the complete one-loop dilatation operator of = 4 SYM theory. Thus, we provide a field-theoretic derivation of a relation N between the one-loop dilatation operator and the four-point tree-level amplitude which was observed earlier. We also comment on the implications of our findings in the context of integrability. Keywords. PACS: 11.15.-q; 11.30.Pb; 11.25.Tq; 11.55.-m arXiv:1410.6309v3 [hep-th] 24 Mar 2015 Keywords: Super-Yang-Mills; Form factors; On-shell methods; Anomalous dimensions; Integrability Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Form factors and spin chains 4 2.1 Composite operators and spin chains 5 2.2 Form factors in the free theory 9 3 One-loop form factors 14 3.1 The triangle coefficient from the triple cut 17 3.2 The bubble coefficient from the double cut 20 3.3 Summary of the result 23 4 Divergences, renormalisation and the dilatation operator 24 5 Conclusion and outlook 27 A Some facts about amplitudes 30 B Example calculations 31 B.1 su(2) subsector 31 B.2 sl(2) subsector 33 C Basis integrals 35 1 Introduction The maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory ( = 4 SYM theory) in 3+1 dimensions N is frequently called the hydrogen atom of the 21st century, and it might be the first non- trivial quantum field theory that can be solved exactly. -
Gauge/Gravity Duality and Field Theories at Strong Coupling
Th`ese de Doctorat Pr´esent´ee`al'Universit´eParis{Sud XI Sp´ecialit´e:Physique Th´eorique P´eriode acad´emique 2008{2011 Gauge/Gravity Duality and Field Theories at Strong Coupling Gregory C. Giecold Institut de Physique Th´eorique,CNRS{URA 2306 CEA/Saclay, F{91191 Gif{sur{Yvette, France Th`esesoutenue le 17 juin 2011 devant le jury compos´ede: Iosif Bena Directeur de Th`ese Emilian Dudas Membre du Jury Edmond Iancu Directeur de Th`ese Henning Samtleben Rapporteur Kostas Skenderis Rapporteur Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisors Iosif Bena and Edmond Iancu for giving much leeway for exploring alleyways of my own interest in the maze of string theory and field theory. I am beholden for fast{paced, illuminating discussions with them and their careful guidance with non{scientific matters. I am grateful to Mariana Gra~naand Al Mueller for being sharp yet very kind collaborators. Special credit is due to Nick Halmagyi from whom I have learnt so much, Aussie vernacular included. Many thanks to Ruben Minasian and Robi Peschanski for their interest in my research orientations and for tips on relocating to Stony Brook. I am grateful to Emilian Dudas and Henning Samtleben for agreeing to be part of the jury of my PhD defense. Special thanks to Kostas Skenderis whose research has been very important to my work. Discussions with Michael Bon, Gaetan Borot, Roberto Bondesan, J´eromeDubail, Hadi Go- dazgar, Mahdi Godazgar, Andrea Puhm, Bruno Sciolla and Piotr Tourkine were appreciated. As for those conversations that have been of direct relevance to my field of research interests, I am grateful to Guillaume Beuf, Paul Chesler, Sheer El{Showk, Yoshitaka Hatta, Akikazu Hashimoto, Jan Manschot, Diego Marqu`es, Carlos Nu~nez,Hagen Triendl, Pierre Vanhove and Bert Vercnocke. -
Magnetic Backgrounds and Tachyonic Instabilities in Closed String Theory
Magnetic backgrounds and tachyonic instabilities in closed string theory Cite as: AIP Conference Proceedings 607, 269 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1454381 Published Online: 25 February 2002 A. A. Tseytlin AIP Conference Proceedings 607, 269 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1454381 607, 269 © 2002 American Institute of Physics. Magnetic Backgrounds and Tachyonic Instabilities in Closed String Theory A.A. Tseytlin Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210-1106, USA Abstract. We consider closed superstrings in Melvin-type magnetic backgrounds. In the case of NS-NS backgrounds, these are exactly solvable as weakly coupled string models with spectrum containing tachyonic modes. Magnetic field allows one to interpolate between free superstring the- ories with periodic and antiperiodic boundary conditions for the fermions around some compact direction, and, in particular, between type 0 and type II string theories. Using "9-11" flip, this inter- polation can be extended to M-theory and may be used to study the issue of tachyon condensation in type 0 string theory. We review related duality proposals, and, in particular, suggest a description of type 0 theory in terms of M-theory in a curved magnetic flux background in which the type 0 tachyon appears to correspond to a state in d=l 1 supergravity fluctuation spectrum. INTRODUCTION Magnetic backgrounds play an important role in field theory and open string theory pro- viding simple solvable models with nontrivial physics content. Similar (approximately) constant magnetic backgrounds in gravitational theories like closed string theory are necessarily curved with an example provided by the Melvin-type flux tube solutions (see, e.g., [1]). -
BLOCKS in DELIGNE's CATEGORY Rep(St) JONATHAN COMES A
BLOCKS IN DELIGNE'S CATEGORY Rep(St) by JONATHAN COMES A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of Mathematics and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2010 11 University of Oregon Graduate School Confirmation of Approval and Acceptance of Dissertation prepared by: Jonathan Comes Title: "Blocks in Deligne's Category Rep(S_t)" This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the Doctor ofPhilosophy degree in the Department ofMathematics by: Victor Ostrik, Chairperson, Mathematics Daniel Dugger, Member, Mathematics Jonathan Brundan, Member, Mathematics Alexander Kleshchev, Member, Mathematics Michael Kellman, Outside Member, Chemistry and Richard Linton, Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies/Dean ofthe Graduate School for the University ofOregon. June 14,2010 Original approval signatures are on file with the Graduate School and the University of Oregon Libraries. ' iii @201O, Jonathan Comes -------- iv An Abstract of the Dissertation of Jonathan Comes for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Mathematics to be taken June 2010 Title: BLOCKS IN DELIGNE'S CATEGORY Rep(St) Approved: _ Dr. Victor Ostrik We give an exposition of Deligne's tensor category Rep(St) where t is not necessarily an integer. Thereafter, we give a complete description of the blocks in Rep(St) for arbitrary t. Finally, we use our result on blocks to decompose tensor products and classify tensor ideals -
Introduction to String Theory A.N
Introduction to String Theory A.N. Schellekens Based on lectures given at the Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen Last update 6 July 2016 [Word cloud by www.worldle.net] Contents 1 Current Problems in Particle Physics7 1.1 Problems of Quantum Gravity.........................9 1.2 String Diagrams................................. 11 2 Bosonic String Action 15 2.1 The Relativistic Point Particle......................... 15 2.2 The Nambu-Goto action............................ 16 2.3 The Free Boson Action............................. 16 2.4 World sheet versus Space-time......................... 18 2.5 Symmetries................................... 19 2.6 Conformal Gauge................................ 20 2.7 The Equations of Motion............................ 21 2.8 Conformal Invariance.............................. 22 3 String Spectra 24 3.1 Mode Expansion................................ 24 3.1.1 Closed Strings.............................. 24 3.1.2 Open String Boundary Conditions................... 25 3.1.3 Open String Mode Expansion..................... 26 3.1.4 Open versus Closed........................... 26 3.2 Quantization.................................. 26 3.3 Negative Norm States............................. 27 3.4 Constraints................................... 28 3.5 Mode Expansion of the Constraints...................... 28 3.6 The Virasoro Constraints............................ 29 3.7 Operator Ordering............................... 30 3.8 Commutators of Constraints.......................... 31 3.9 Computation of the Central Charge..................... -
UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Aspects of Emergent Geometry, Strings, and Branes in Gauge / Gravity Duality Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8qh706tk Author Dzienkowski, Eric Michael Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California University of California Santa Barbara Aspects of Emergent Geometry, Strings, and Branes in Gauge / Gravity Duality A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Physics by Eric Michael Dzienkowski Committee in charge: Professor David Berenstein, Chair Professor Joe Polchinski Professor David Stuart September 2015 The Dissertation of Eric Michael Dzienkowski is approved. Professor Joe Polchinski Professor David Stuart Professor David Berenstein, Committee Chair July 2015 Aspects of Emergent Geometry, Strings, and Branes in Gauge / Gravity Duality Copyright c 2015 by Eric Michael Dzienkowski iii To my family, who endured my absense for the better part of nine long years while I attempted to understand the universe. iv Acknowledgements There are many people and entities deserving thanks for helping me complete my dissertation. To my advisor, David Berenstein, for the guidance, advice, and support over the years. With any luck, I have absorbed some of your unique insight and intuition to solving problems, some which I hope to apply to my future as a physicist or otherwise. A special thanks to my collaborators Curtis Asplund and Robin Lashof-Regas. Curtis, it has been and will continue to be a pleasure working with you. Ad- ditional thanks for various comments and discussions along the way to Yuhma Asano, Thomas Banks, Frederik Denef, Jim Hartle, Sean Hartnoll, Matthew Hastings, Gary Horowitz, Christian Maes, Juan Maldacena, John Mangual, Don Marolf, Greg Moore, Niels Obers, Joe Polchisnki, Jorge Santos, Edward Shuryak, Christoph Sieg, Eva Silverstein, Mark Srednicki, and Matthias Staudacher. -
NS Fivebranes in Type 0 String Theory
Preprint typeset in JHEP style. - HYPER VERSION KUL-TF-99/24 NS Fivebranes in Type 0 String Theory∗ Ben Craps† and Frederik Roose Instituut voor theoretische fysica Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium E-mail: Ben.Craps,[email protected] Abstract: The massless degrees of freedom of type 0 NS5-branes are derived. A non-chiral, purely bosonic spectrum is found in both type 0A and 0B. This non-chirality is confirmed by a one-loop computation in the bulk. Some puzzles concerning type 0B S-duality are pointed out in this context. An interpretation of the spectra in terms of “type 0 little strings” is proposed. Keywords: D-branes, String Duality. arXiv:hep-th/9906179v3 8 Oct 1999 ∗Work supported by the European Commission TMR programme ERBFMRX-CT96-0045. †Aspirant FWO, Belgium Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Type 0 strings and D-branes 2 3. NS fivebrane spectra 3 4. Absence of anomalies 4 5. S-duality 5 6. A little string interpretation 8 7. Conclusions 9 1. Introduction Type 0 string theories [1] have recently attracted a lot of attention. They have been used to study the non-supersymmetric field theories living on their D-branes [2]. Moreover, Bergman and Gaberdiel [3] have conjectured that they are supersymmetry breaking orbifolds of M-theory, thus including them in the web of string dualities. For instance, certain circle compactifications of type 0 and type II are proposed to be T-dual. Other predictions of the conjectured duality are that type 0B string theory exhibits S-duality and that the type 0 theories contain non-perturbative fermionic states. -
NS Fivebranes in Type 0 String Theory∗
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CERN Document Server Preprint typeset in JHEP style. - HYPER VERSION KUL-TF-99/24 NS Fivebranes in Type 0 String Theory∗ Ben Craps† and Frederik Roose Instituut voor theoretische fysica Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium E-mail: Ben.Craps,[email protected] Abstract: The massless degrees of freedom of type 0 NS5-branes are derived. A non-chiral, purely bosonic spectrum is found in both type 0A and 0B. This non-chirality is confirmed by a one-loop computation in the bulk. Some puzzles concerning type 0B S-duality are pointed out in this context. An interpretation of the spectra in terms of “type 0 little strings” is proposed. Keywords: D-branes, String Duality. ∗Work supported by the European Commission TMR programme ERBFMRX-CT96-0045. yAspirant FWO, Belgium Contents 1. Introduction Type 0 string theories [1] have recently attracted a lot of attention. They have been used to study the non-supersymmetric field theories living on their D-branes [2]. Moreover, Bergman and Gaberdiel [3] have conjectured that they are supersymmetry breaking orbifolds of M-theory, thus including them in the web of string dualities. For instance, certain circle compactifications of type 0 and type II are proposed to be T-dual. Other predictions of the conjectured duality are that type 0B string theory exhibits S-duality and that the type 0 theories contain non-perturbative fermionic states. In Ref. [4] it has been studied how branes transform under type 0/type II T-duality. -
Black Hole Singularities in the Framework of Gauge/String Duality By
Black Hole Singularities in the Framework of Gauge/String Duality by Guido Nicola Innocenzo Festuccia Submitted to the Department of Physics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY May 2007 @ Guido Nicola Innocenzo Festuccia, MMVII. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Author ... Department of Physics 1May 18, 2007 Certified by. Hong Liu C Assistant Professor Thesis Supervisor Accepted by.............. ..............A p .m .. 2homas eytak Professor and Associate Department Head for Education ARCHIVES LIBRARIES Black Hole Singularities in the Framework of Gauge/String Duality by Guido Nicola Innocenzo Festuccia Submitted to the Department of Physics on May 18, 2007, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Abstract In this dissertation black hole singularities are studied using the AdS/CFT correspon- dence. These singularities show up in the CFT in the behavior of finite-temperature correlation functions. A direct relation is established between space-like geodesics in the bulk and momentum space Wightman functions of CFT operators of large dimen- sions. This allows to probe the regions inside the horizon and near the singularity using the CFT. Information about the black hole singularity is encoded in the expo- nential falloff of finite-temperature correlators at large imaginary frequency. We also find a UV/UV connection that governs physics inside the horizon. For the case the bulk theory lives in 5 dimensions the dual theory is an SU(N) Yang-Mills theory on a sphere, a bounded many-body system. -
Statistical Physics Approach to M-Theory Integrals∗
Nonperturbative Quantum Effects 2000 PROCEEDINGS Statistical Physics Approach to M-theory Integrals∗ Werner Krauth and Matthias Staudacher CNRS-Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Sup´erieure 24, rue Lhomond F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 E-mail: [email protected] Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Gravitationsphysik Am M¨uhlenberg 1 D-14476 Golm E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: We explain the concepts of computational statistical physics which have proven very help- ful in the study of Yang-Mills integrals, an ubiquitous new class of matrix models. Issues treated are: Absolute convergence versus Monte Carlo computability of near-singular integrals, singularity detec- tion by Markov-chain methods, applications to asymptotic eigenvalue distributions and to numerical evaluations of multiple bosonic and supersymmetric integrals. In many cases already, it has been possible to resolve controversies between conflicting analytical results using the methods presented here. Keywords: Monte Carlo Methods, M-theory, Matrix Models, Yang-Mills Theory. 1. Introduction theories. Furthermore, they appear in proposed formulations of string theory (the IKKT model) Recent work in field theory has revealed the exis- and M-theory. It remains to be elucidated whether tence of an important new class of gauge-invariant they contain further non-perturbative informa- matrix models. At the difference of the clas- tion on gauge theories via the Eguchi-Kawai mech- sic Wigner-type models, interest now focusses anism. on integrals of D non-linearly coupled matrices For the sake of brevity (cf. [1] for complete Xµ,µ =1;:::D.TheXµare constructed from definitions), we write down (even for supersym- A the generators T of the fundamental representa- metric Yang-Mills theories) only the effective bo- G X XAT tion of a given Lie algebra Lie( ): µ = µ A, sonic integral, which is obtained after integrat- with A =1;:::;dim(G). -
Arxiv:0903.1373V2 [Math.CO] 19 Dec 2009 Ewl Ae Rv 1 N Hwta Vr Tphr a Emat Be Can Here Step Every That Show and Rigorous
TRACE DIAGRAMS, SIGNED GRAPH COLORINGS, AND MATRIX MINORS STEVEN MORSE AND ELISHA PETERSON Abstract. Trace diagrams are structured graphs with edges la- beled by matrices. Each diagram has an interpretation as a par- ticular multilinear function. We provide a rigorous combinatorial definition of these diagrams using a notion of signed graph color- ing, and prove that they may be efficiently represented in terms of matrix minors. Using this viewpoint, we provide new proofs of several standard determinant formulas and a new generalization of the Jacobi determinant theorem. 1. Introduction Trace diagrams provide a graphical means of performing computa- tions in multilinear algebra. The following example, which proves aa vector identity, illustrates the power of the notation. Example. For u, v, w ∈ C3, diagrams for the cross product and inner product are u × v = and u · v = . u v u v By “bending” the diagrammatic identity arXiv:0903.1373v2 [math.CO] 19 Dec 2009 (1) = − , and attaching vectors, one obtains = − , u v w x u v w x u v w x which is the vector identity (u × v) · (w × x)=(u · w)(v · x) − (u · x)(v · w). We will later prove (1) and show that every step here can be mathe- matically rigorous. 1 2 STEVENMORSEANDELISHAPETERSON In this paper, we define a set of combinatorial objects called trace diagrams. Each diagram translates to a well-defined multilinear func- tion, provided it is framed (the framing specifies the domain and range of the function). We introduce the idea of signed graph coloring to de- scribe this translation, and show that it preserves a tensorial structure. -
Bulk Witten Indices and the Number of Normalizable Ground States in Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics of Orthogonal, Symplectic and Exceptional Groups
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CERN Document Server AEI-2000-037 hep-th/0006234 Bulk Witten Indices and the Number of Normalizable Ground States in Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics of Orthogonal, Symplectic and Exceptional Groups Matthias Staudacher ∗ Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Gravitationsphysik Am M¨uhlenberg 1 D-14476 Golm, Germany Abstract This note addresses the question of the number of normalizable vacuum states in supersymmetric quantum mechanics with sixteen supercharges and arbitrary semi-simple compact gauge group, up to rank three. After eval- uating certain contour integrals obtained by appropriately adapting BRST deformation techniques we propose novel rational values for the bulk indices. Our results demonstrate that an asymptotic method for obtaining the bound- ary contribution to the index, originally due to Green and Gutperle, fails for groups other than SU(N). We then obtain likely values for the number of ground states of these systems. In the case of orthogonal and symplectic groups our finding is consistent with recent conjectures of Kac and Smilga, but appears to contradict their result in the case of the exceptional group G2. ∗[email protected] 1 Supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories dimensionally reduced to zero spacial dimensions were initially considered as interesting examples for susy quantum mechanics [1], [2]. The Hamiltonian of these systems reads 1 1 H = Tr P P [X ;X ][X ;X ] Ψ [Γi X ; Ψ ] : (1) 2 i i i j i j α αβ i β 2g − 2 − ! where the bosonic (Xi) and fermionic (Ψi) degrees of freedom take values in the Lie algebra of the compact gauge group.