Representação, Intuição E Contato Na Composição Com Algoritmos
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Interpretação Em Tempo Real Sobre Material Sonoro Pré-Gravado
Interpretação em tempo real sobre material sonoro pré-gravado JOÃO PEDRO MARTINS MEALHA DOS SANTOS Mestrado em Multimédia da Universidade do Porto Dissertação realizada sob a orientação do Professor José Alberto Gomes da Universidade Católica Portuguesa - Escola das Artes Julho de 2014 2 Agradecimentos Em primeiro lugar quero agradecer aos meus pais, por todo o apoio e ajuda desde sempre. Ao orientador José Alberto Gomes, um agradecimento muito especial por toda a paciência e ajuda prestada nesta dissertação. Pelo apoio, incentivo, e ajuda à Sara Esteves, Inês Santos, Manuel Molarinho, Carlos Casaleiro, Luís Salgado e todos os outros amigos que apesar de se encontraram fisicamente ausentes, estão sempre presentes. A todos, muito obrigado! 3 Resumo Esta dissertação tem como foco principal a abordagem à interpretação em tempo real sobre material sonoro pré-gravado, num contexto performativo. Neste caso particular, material sonoro é entendido como música, que consiste numa pulsação regular e definida. O objetivo desta investigação é compreender os diferentes modelos de organização referentes a esse material e, consequentemente, apresentar uma solução em forma de uma aplicação orientada para a performance ao vivo intitulada Reap. Importa referir que o material sonoro utilizado no software aqui apresentado é composto por músicas inteiras, em oposição às pequenas amostras (samples) recorrentes em muitas aplicações já existentes. No desenvolvimento da aplicação foi adotada a análise estatística de descritores aplicada ao material sonoro pré-gravado, de maneira a retirar segmentos que permitem uma nova reorganização da informação sequencial originalmente contida numa música. Através da utilização de controladores de matriz com feedback visual, o arranjo e distribuição destes segmentos são alterados e reorganizados de forma mais simplificada. -
Musique Algorithmique
[Version adaptée pour un cours commun ATIAM/CURSUS d’un article à paraître dans N. Donin and L. Feneyrou (dir.), Théorie de la composition musicale au XXe siècle, Symétrie, 2012] Musique algorithmique Moreno Andreatta . La plupart des études sur la musique algorithmique soulignent, à juste titre, le caractère systématique et combinatoire de certaines démarches compositionnelles qui ont accompagné l’évolution de la musique occidentale. De l’isorythmie du Moyen Âge aux musikalische Würfelspiele ou « jeux musicaux » attribués à Johann Philipp Kirnberger, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Josef Haydn ou Carl Philipp Emmanuel Bach, l’utilisation de méthodes combinatoires et algorithmiques n’a pas dû attendre l’« implémentation » informatique pour voir le jour1. Fig 0.1 : « Jeux musicaux » (générés par http://sunsite.univie.ac.at/Mozart/dice/) 1 En attendant un article sur la musique algorithmique dans le Grove Music Online, nous renvoyons le lecteur à l’étude de Karlheinz ESSL, « Algorithmic Composition » (The Cambridge Companion to Electronic Music (Nick COLLINS et Julio D’ESCRIVAN, éds.), Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2007, p. 107-125) pour une analyse plus large des procédés algorithmiques. On pourrait penser, et c’est l’hypothèse le plus souvent proposée, que c’est l’artifice de l’écriture qui rend possible l’exploration de la combinatoire. Cela est sans doute vrai dans plusieurs répertoires, des polyphonies complexes de Philippe de Vitry ou Guillaume de Machaut aux œuvres sérielles intégrales de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. Cependant, comme l’ont bien montré certains travaux d’ethnomusicologie et d’ethnomathématique (voir Marc CHEMILLIER, Les Mathématiques naturelles, Paris : Odile Jacob, 2007), l’utilisation d’algorithmes est également présente dans les musiques de tradition orale – une problématique que nous n’aborderons cependant pas ici, car elle dépasse le cadre de cette étude. -
The Evolution of the Performer Composer
CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO LIVE COMPUTER MUSIC: THE EVOLUTION OF THE PERFORMER COMPOSER BY OWEN SKIPPER VALLIS A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington 2013 Supervisory Committee Dr. Ajay Kapur (New Zealand School of Music) Supervisor Dr. Dugal McKinnon (New Zealand School of Music) Co-Supervisor © OWEN VALLIS, 2013 NEW ZEALAND SCHOOL OF MUSIC ii ABSTRACT This thesis examines contemporary approaches to live computer music, and the impact they have on the evolution of the composer performer. How do online resources and communities impact the design and creation of new musical interfaces used for live computer music? Can we use machine learning to augment and extend the expressive potential of a single live musician? How can these tools be integrated into ensembles of computer musicians? Given these tools, can we understand the computer musician within the traditional context of acoustic instrumentalists, or do we require new concepts and taxonomies? Lastly, how do audiences perceive and understand these new technologies, and what does this mean for the connection between musician and audience? The focus of the research presented in this dissertation examines the application of current computing technology towards furthering the field of live computer music. This field is diverse and rich, with individual live computer musicians developing custom instruments and unique modes of performance. This diversity leads to the development of new models of performance, and the evolution of established approaches to live instrumental music. This research was conducted in several parts. The first section examines how online communities are iteratively developing interfaces for computer music. -
Sound-Source Recognition: a Theory and Computational Model
Sound-Source Recognition: A Theory and Computational Model by Keith Dana Martin B.S. (with distinction) Electrical Engineering (1993) Cornell University S.M. Electrical Engineering (1995) Massachusetts Institute of Technology Submitted to the department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY June, 1999 © Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. All Rights Reserved. Author .......................................................................................................................................... Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science May 17, 1999 Certified by .................................................................................................................................. Barry L. Vercoe Professor of Media Arts and Sciences Thesis Supervisor Accepted by ................................................................................................................................. Professor Arthur C. Smith Chair, Department Committee on Graduate Students _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2 Sound-source recognition: A theory and computational model by Keith Dana Martin Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science on May 17, 1999, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering -
43558913.Pdf
! ! ! Generative Music Composition Software Systems Using Biologically Inspired Algorithms: A Systematic Literature Review ! ! ! Master of Science Thesis in the Master Degree Programme ! !Software Engineering and Management! ! ! KEREM PARLAKGÜMÜŞ ! ! ! University of Gothenburg Chalmers University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Göteborg, Sweden, January 2014 The author grants Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg the non-exclusive right to publish the work electronically and in a non-commercial purpose and to make it accessible on the Internet. The author warrants that he/she is the author of the work, and warrants that the work does not contain texts, pictures or other material that !violates copyright laws. The author shall, when transferring the rights of the work to a third party (like a publisher or a company), acknowledge the third party about this agreement. If the author has signed a copyright agreement with a third party regarding the work, the author warrants hereby that he/she has obtained any necessary permission from this third party to let Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg store the work electronically and make it accessible on the Internet. ! ! Generative Music Composition Software Systems Using Biologically Inspired Algorithms: A !Systematic Literature Review ! !KEREM PARLAKGÜMÜŞ" ! !© KEREM PARLAKGÜMÜŞ, January 2014." Examiner: LARS PARETO, MIROSLAW STARON" !Supervisor: PALLE DAHLSTEDT" University of Gothenburg" Chalmers University of Technology" Department of Computer Science and Engineering" SE-412 96 Göteborg" Sweden" !Telephone + 46 (0)31-772 1000" ! ! ! Department of Computer Science and Engineering" !Göteborg, Sweden, January 2014 Abstract My original contribution to knowledge is to examine existing work for methods and approaches used, main functionalities, benefits and limitations of 30 Genera- tive Music Composition Software Systems (GMCSS) by performing a systematic literature review. -
The Early History of Music Programming and Digital Synthesis, Session 20
Chapter 20. Meeting 20, Languages: The Early History of Music Programming and Digital Synthesis 20.1. Announcements • Music Technology Case Study Final Draft due Tuesday, 24 November 20.2. Quiz • 10 Minutes 20.3. The Early Computer: History • 1942 to 1946: Atanasoff-Berry Computer, the Colossus, the Harvard Mark I, and the Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator (ENIAC) • 1942: Atanasoff-Berry Computer 467 Courtesy of University Archives, Library, Iowa State University of Science and Technology. Used with permission. • 1946: ENIAC unveiled at University of Pennsylvania 468 Source: US Army • Diverse and incomplete computers © Wikimedia Foundation. License CC BY-SA. This content is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/fairuse. 20.4. The Early Computer: Interface • Punchcards • 1960s: card printed for Bell Labs, for the GE 600 469 Courtesy of Douglas W. Jones. Used with permission. • Fortran cards Courtesy of Douglas W. Jones. Used with permission. 20.5. The Jacquard Loom • 1801: Joseph Jacquard invents a way of storing and recalling loom operations 470 Photo courtesy of Douglas W. Jones at the University of Iowa. 471 Photo by George H. Williams, from Wikipedia (public domain). • Multiple cards could be strung together • Based on technologies of numerous inventors from the 1700s, including the automata of Jacques Vaucanson (Riskin 2003) 20.6. Computer Languages: Then and Now • Low-level languages are closer to machine representation; high-level languages are closer to human abstractions • Low Level • Machine code: direct binary instruction • Assembly: mnemonics to machine codes • High-Level: FORTRAN • 1954: John Backus at IBM design FORmula TRANslator System • 1958: Fortran II 472 • 1977: ANSI Fortran • High-Level: C • 1972: Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories • Based on B • Very High-Level: Lisp, Perl, Python, Ruby • 1958: Lisp by John McCarthy • 1987: Perl by Larry Wall • 1990: Python by Guido van Rossum • 1995: Ruby by Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto 20.7. -
Geoffrey Kidde Music Department, Manhattanville College Telephone: (914) 798 - 2708 Email: [email protected]
Geoffrey Kidde Music Department, Manhattanville College Telephone: (914) 798 - 2708 Email: [email protected] Education: 1989 - 1995 Doctor of Musical Arts in Composition. Columbia University, New York, NY. Composition - Chou Wen-Chung, Mario Davidovsky, George Edwards. Theory - J. L. Monod, Jeff Nichols, Joseph Dubiel, David Epstein. Electronic and Computer Music - Mario Davidovsky, Brad Garton. Teaching Fellowships in Musicianship and Electronic Music. 1986 - 1988 Master of Music in Composition. New England Conservatory, Boston, MA. Composition - John Heiss, Malcolm Peyton. Theory - Robert Cogan, Pozzi Escot, James Hoffman. Electronic and Computer Music - Barry Vercoe, Robert Ceely. 1983 - 1985 Bachelor of Arts in Music. Columbia University, New York, NY. Theory - Severine Neff, Peter Schubert. Music History - Walter Frisch, Joel Newman, Elaine Sisman. 1981 - 1983 Princeton University, Princeton, NJ. Theory - Paul Lansky, Peter Westergaard. Computer Music - Paul Lansky. Improvisation - J. K. Randall. Teaching Experience: 2014 – present Professor of Music. Manhattanville College 2008 - 2014 Associate Professor of Music. Manhattanville College. 2002 - 2008 Assistant Professor of Music. Manhattanville College. Founding Director of Electronic Music Band (2004-2009). 1999 - 2002 Adjunct Assistant Professor of Music. Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY. 1998 - 2002 Adjunct Assistant Professor of Music. Queensborough Community College, CUNY. Bayside, NY. 1998 (fall semester) Adjunct Professor of Music. St. John’s University, Jamaica, NY. -
Processes and Systems in Computer Music
Processes Processes and systems and systems in computer in computer music; from music; from meta to matter meta to matter DR TONY MYATT DR TONY MYATT 05 2 The use of the terms ‘system’ and ‘process’ to generate works of music are often applied to the output of composers such as Steve Reich or Philip Glass, and also to Serial composers [1]2 from Schoenberg to Stockhausen, or to the works of experimentalists like John Cage. This may be where these terms are most clearly expressed, in either the material of the work or in the discourse that surrounds it, but few composers would not claim that systematic processes lie at the root of their work, in the methods they use to generate, manipulate, or control sound. The grand narrative of twentieth century classical music to move away from the tonal system of harmony has prompted experimental composers to push at the boundaries of music to discover approaches that create original musics. With the advent of the computer age and the use of computers to control and generate sound, it appeared to many that it was inevitable this new technology might take forward the concept of music. Computers, as we will see, were initially employed as tools that sustained traditional concepts of music, but as Cage hinted in 1959, and maybe for the same reason, perhaps this is now changing. In this essay, I will discuss how these early approaches to systematic process developed a canon of computer music, and in particular algorithmic systems and processes that reflected an underlying vision of what computer technologies were thought to hold in store, from a utopian and rationalist perspective. -
A History of Electronic Music Pioneers David Dunn
A HISTORY OF ELECTRONIC MUSIC PIONEERS DAVID DUNN D a v i d D u n n “When intellectual formulations are treated simply renewal in the electronic reconstruction of archaic by relegating them to the past and permitting the perception. simple passage of time to substitute for development, It is specifically a concern for the expansion of the suspicion is justified that such formulations have human perception through a technological strate- not really been mastered, but rather they are being gem that links those tumultuous years of aesthetic suppressed.” and technical experimentation with the 20th cen- —Theodor W. Adorno tury history of modernist exploration of electronic potentials, primarily exemplified by the lineage of “It is the historical necessity, if there is a historical artistic research initiated by electronic sound and necessity in history, that a new decade of electronic music experimentation beginning as far back as television should follow to the past decade of elec- 1906 with the invention of the Telharmonium. This tronic music.” essay traces some of that early history and its —Nam June Paik (1965) implications for our current historical predicament. The other essential argument put forth here is that a more recent period of video experimentation, I N T R O D U C T I O N : beginning in the 1960's, is only one of the later chapters in a history of failed utopianism that Historical facts reinforce the obvious realization dominates the artistic exploration and use of tech- that the major cultural impetus which spawned nology throughout the 20th century. video image experimentation was the American The following pages present an historical context Sixties. -
Musique Acousmatique Und Ihre Parallelen Im Pop
Musique acousmatique und ihre Parallelen im Pop Diplomarbeit zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Magisters der Philosophie an der Geisteswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz vorgelegt von Christian TSCHINKEL am Institut für Musikwissenschaft Begutachter: Ao.Univ.-Prof. Priv.-Doz. Dr. Werner Jauk Graz, 2008 Vorwort und Danksagung Mit seiner charismatischen Vermittlung der systematischen Musikwissenschaft und ihrer psychologischen Relevanz, die unter anderem das Gebiet der elektronischen Medien gleicher- maßen wie das der populären Musikkulturen und Avantgarden umfasst, hat Werner Jauk vor vielen Jahren für mich die Funktion eines Mentors übernommen. Ohne es zu wissen, war ich wohl genau nach solchen Inhalten auf der Suche. Sein Unterricht sowie einige Gastvorträge innerhalb seiner Lehrveranstaltungen übten auf mich eine große Faszination aus, obwohl ich bei weitem nicht immer verstanden habe, was zeitgenössische Komponisten denn „eigentlich so tun“. Im Zuge der Auseinandersetzung mit diesen Themen habe ich den von Dieter Kaufmann ins Leben gerufenen Lehrgang für Computermusik und elektronische Medien an der Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst Wien für mich entdeckt, dessen Lehrinhalte ich im dreijährigen Studium „wie ein trockener Schwamm“ aufgesogen habe. Zu meiner großen Überraschung brachte mich dieser Unterricht schon bald nach Paris, wo ich das IRCAM, die GRM und das CCMIX besuchen durfte. Viele dieser Erfahrungen fließen heute in meine eigene Musik sowie in diese Diplomarbeit mit ein, weswegen ich meinen herzlichen Dank gegenüber meinem Betreuer Werner Jauk und im Nachhinein auch allen meinen ehemaligen Lehrern der „ELAK-Wien“ für ihren inspirierenden Unterricht aussprechen möchte. Namentlich sind das Igor Lintz-Maues, Peter Mechtler, Wolfgang Musil, Germán Toro-Pérez, Günther Rabl und Tamas Ungvary. -
About This Issue
About This Issue Natasha Barrett’s composition Little music community. MIDI is only the versus-frequency representation Animals appeared on the compact most prominent example of such a that is similar to a sonogram. The disc Computer Music Journal Sound standard. In an attempt to reverse second editor operates on models of Anthology Volume 22, which was this trend, the MIT Media Lab has coupled springs; the author explains included with the Winter 1998 is- contributed to the MPEG-4 standard that these are not true physical sue. Her article in the present issue by integrating into it a sound-syn- models, but intuitive models de- explains the compositional thinking thesis language derived from that signed for sound synthesis. The that underlies this piece. The com- well-known workhorse, Csound. third editor, known as Sound Pota- poser explores several topics famil- Eric Scheirer and Barry Vercoe’s ar- toes, manipulates trajectories that iar in acousmatic circles, while ticle in this issue describes this new can be applied to the movement of revealing her own approaches. Of language, called SAOL. The authors nodes in a coupled-spring network. primary concern, for example, is the assert that the inclusion of SAOL in These feature articles are followed relationship between musical and an international standard will lead by an extensive set of reviews, col- extramusical or allusive contexts, to “an explosion of opportunities for lected and edited by James Harley. and how these relationships unfold musicians and technologists.” The event reviews include two com- over time during and after listening. The guitar has been a popular sub- mentaries on the 1998 International A markedly different approach to ject of research in physical-model- Computer Music Conference in composing is to employ algorithmic ing synthesis, as evidenced by Michigan. -
The American Society of University Composers, Eighth Annual National Conferenc,E
DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY presents THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF UNIVERSITY COMPOSERS, EIGHTH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENC,E Apriil 6, 7, 8, 1973 FRIDAY, APRIL 6 8:00 AM - Registration-East Entrance, Music Building 5:00 PM 10:30 AM "The Society and its Relationship to the Professional Music Theorist-Music Theatre Participants: David Burge, University of Colorado William Penn, Easbnan School of Music Gerald Warfield, Music Division of New York Public Library at Lincoln Center Moderator: Richmond Browne, University of Michigan 1:30 PM "Music in China Since the Cultural Revolution"-Music Theatre Chou Wen-Chung, Columbia University 3:30 PM Concert I, Music for Clarinet, performed by Phillip Rehfeldt, University of Redlands-Music Theatre James Tenney Monody for Solo Clarinet ( 1959) Harold Oliver Discourses for a Clarinet Alone ( 1967) Elliot Borishansky Three Pieces for Solo Clarinet ( 1972) Slow Fast Slow Intermission Burton Beerman Sensations for Clarinet and Tape ( 1969) 0 Donald Martino A Set for Clarinet ( 1954) 0 Allegro Adagio Allegro Intermission Barney Childs Barnard I for Clarinet and Piano ( 1968) 0 0 Barney Childs, piano Ronald Pellegrino S & H Explorations for Clarinet and ARP 2600 Synthesizer ( 1972) Ronald Pellegrino, ARP 5:15 PM Reception-Apache Room, Howard Johnson's Motel 8:1"' M Concert II-Music Theatre Carlton Gamer Piano Raga Music ( 1971) Richard Bunger, piano Gerald Warfield VariaHons and Metamorphosis for Cello Ensemble Variations Metamorphoses Variations *Recorded on ADVANCE RECORDINGS FGR-1 SS **Recorded