Crustaceans, Finfish, and Mollusks. III. Microelements

MFR PAPER 1324

Composition of the Edible Portion of Raw (Fresh or Frozen) Crustaceans, Finfish, and Mollusks. III. Microelements

VIRGINIA D. SIDWELL, AUDREY L. LOOMIS, KAREN J. LOOMIS, PAULINE R. FONCANNON, and DAVID H. BUZZELL

ABSTRACT-This report summarizes data from 224 publications referring to the The averages and ranges for each microelements found in the flesh of commonly eaten seafoods. These microele microelement were calculated from the ments are: Copper, iron, zinc, iodine, manganese, mercury, organic mercury, lead, data reported by various investigators. arsenic, fluorine, silver, cadmium, cobalt, selenium, chromium, vanadium, tin, These data may have been in the form aluminum, nickel, barium, and molybdenum. of an average based on multiple deter minations. or they may have been re INTRODUCTION viewed the data on the concentrations ported as individual values for which an of sodium. potassium. calcium. phos average could be calculated. Regard In Part I of this series. Sidwell et al. phorus. chlorine. and magnesium less. only the averages were used to (1974) described the data bank being found in edible portions of seafoods. calculate the overall averages in Tables establ ished at the Southeast Fisheries Part III summarizes the available I, 2. and 3. With the overall average Center of the National Marine Fisheries data on the concentrations of various and range is the number of averages Service. NOAA, and outlined the sys microelements (trace elements) in sea used in the calculation of the two statis tem that would be employed for man food. There is a need for such jnforma tics. agement and retrieval of the data. Sometimes the average appears as The objecti ves of the data bank are: tion in the medical community, e.g., in the evaluation of nutritional aspects and 0.0 ppm (Tables I. 2. and 3). This I) To develop a comprehensive. sys in the calculation ofspecial diets. There means the investigator either reported tematic data retrieval system containing is also a need for such data in the fishing no detectable amount or the amount information on the chemical and nutri industry. because high contents of cer was less than 0.05 ppm; therefore. to tional composition of seafoods; 2) to tain microelements in fishery products fulfi lithe criteria set up for the format of publish information on the nutrients in may cause public health concern or in the tables the figure was rounded off to fishery products (by surveying the liter voke legal restraint of the products' 0.0. ature); and 3) to point out aspects of the sale. The nutrition-conscious consumer chemical composition of fish needing Only a limited number of analyses also wants to be aware of the positive further investigation. Part I also sum are available for many species of fish marized the data on the content of pro nutritional aspects of the fish he or she and shellfish listed in Tables 1.2, and tein, fat. moisture. ash. carbohydrates. buys. as well as the possible contamina 3. Also. a number of species of com energy (calories). and cholesterol in tion. monly caught fish have not been analyzed for microelement content. commonly eaten seafoods. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In Part II. Sidwell et al. (1977) re- Whenever the information for a specific In this report, Part lll, we assembled fish or element is limited. the listed data from 224 references on microele value should be regarded only as an ments found in 167 different species of estimate of what can be expected. More The authors are with the College the most commonly eaten fish and Park Laboratory, Southeast Fish data are necessary to obtain a value eries Center, National Marine shellfish. These microelements are: which possesses a notable degree of Fisheries Service, NOAA, College Copper. iron. zinc. iodine, manganese. reliability. Park, MD 20740. (New address: mercury. organic mercury. lead, arse Excellent and reliable data on the Charleston Laboratory, P. O. Box nic. fluorine. silver. cadmium, cobalt, microelement content in the flesh of 12607, Charleston, SC 29412.) This is Contribution No. CP463 from the selenium, chromium. vanadium, tin, commercially important species har Southeast Fisheries Center, College aluminum. nickel, barium, and molyb vested from the coastal waters of the Park Laboratory. denu m. L'nited States. Hawaii. and Alaska. can

September /978 be noted in Hall et all. The data reported selenium. Historically, they are known LITERATL:RE CITED were generated over a period of 5 years to be toxic to humans and terrestrial I. Abd-al-raheem. A. A. 195H. Study on the at the Southeast Fisheries Center's Col animals if the dietary intake is exces nutritive value of mullet. J. R. Egypt. \1cd. lege Park Laboratory of the National sive. Yet, small amounts of fluorine A"oc, .\ I: 17.\· 179. ') Adolph. \\'. H.. and P. C. Whang. Marine Fisheries Service. 1\Jon.: of and selenium are nutritionally impor 19.12. ludin~ in nutrition in coastal mid those data are included in this report. tant. Fluorine plays an important role in China. Chim. J. Physiol. 6:.145-.152 . However, the publ ication by Hall et al. preventing dental caries in children and .1. Adriano. F. T .. and M. S. DeGulman. does not fully fill the gaps that are evi in maintaining the rigidity of the bones 19.12. The prnximat~ chel1li~al analys~s of some Philippin~ food products. IV. dent in this summary. of the elderly. Selenium is the metallic Philipp.\gric. 20:5HO-592. The literature we researched contains component of an enzyme. xanthine .\. Airan. J. W. 1950. Studi~s in Kulhapur minimal information on: I) The oxidase, which plays a role in protein fresh-wal~r fbhes. Pal'! I. Water extractable protein and mineral COnl~I1lS. physiological need for microelcments metabolism. No such nutritional need Indian J Med. Res . .18: 169-172. in fish muscle; 2) the physiological in has been obs.:rved for kad, arscnic. or :\. Airan,J. W .. andJ. V.Joshi. 1969. Studies terrelationships between the elements; cadmium. Certain mollusks-mactra in Kolhapur fresh \Vat~r fishes. V. J. Univ. and 3) how much of an element can be Bombay 28. Ne\\-. Ser. .1:69-71. clams, oysters, and whelks-contain 6. Albrechl. P. G. 1920. Chemical study of expected to be naturally present in the morc lead than other species of sea several marine mollusks of the Pacific fish muscle. ani mals. Arsenic is also present in vary Coast. J. BioI. Chcm. 45:.195-40:\. In Tables I. 2, and 3 the range of ing amounts in the flesh of many finfish 7. Alexander. K. M. 1955. A comparison of the gross chemical composition of the red values for each element in the flesh of the and shellfish. The elemental state of and whit~ muscles in the two fishes. same species of animal is sometimes arsenic is known to be more toxic to Scarophagu.l' arglls and La/Jev rohita. J. quite large. A portion of this variation is humans than the organic forms. The Anim. Morphol. Physiol. 1(2):58-61. 8. Ang. C. Y. W. 1974. Nutritional composi undoubtedly associated with seasonal possible function of arsenic in marine tion of frozen fish per 100 g. edibk portion. and biological differences. i.e., the ani life is not known. Cobalt, also listed in Food Science Associates. Inc .. Dobbs mal's size, age, sex. degree of sexual Table 2, is important as an integral part Ferry. N. Y. 9. Annett. C. S.. \1. P. Fadow. F. M. D·ltri. maturity, and elements present in its of the vitamin B 12 molecule. Since vi and M. E. Stephenson. 1972. Mercury pol diet. Some of the variation may be re tamin B :2 is not concentrated in animal lution and Lake Erie fishes. Mich. Acad. lated to the technique used in preparing flesh, a low content of cobalt is ex 4:325-.1.17. the sample before it is analyzed or the pected. 10. Anonymous. 1952. Iodine content of food,. Annotated bibliography 1825-1951. method of analysis used by the inves The data for the metals Iisted in Table Chilean Iodine Educ. Bur.. Lond.. 183 p. tigator. High figures in some cases may 3 ar.: based on too few species for any II. Anonymous. 1970. Proximate analysis of reflect environmental contamination. conclusions to be drawn. Nutritionally, raw breaded fish products. Booth Fisheries Research. Development and Quality In Table I, mercury and organic there are indications that chromium, Control Dep .. Chicago. III. mercury are the only elements that are vanadium. and tin are important food 12. Appanna. T. C.. and S. C. Devadatta. of public health concern. The Food and constituents for the maintenance of 1942. Comparative studies on the nutritive Drug Administration (FDA) has set a good health. More extensive research value of fish and prawn muscle. Curr. Sci. (Bangalore) II :33.1-335. guideline for maximum acceptable needs to be conducted in reference to 13. Arnesen. G. 1974. Mercury contents in mercury content of foods at 0.5 ppm. these metals and their requirement by Icelandic seafood products. Icelandic Fish. With the exceptions of hurhot, humans. Aluminum is found univer Lab. 14. Arroba Nino, N. 1954. Analisis quimico cuttlefish, goby, perch, shark, star sally in all plants and animals. bromatoligico de la carne del Neptomenus gazer, swordfish, and weever, the mer The data for each species of finfish. crasus 0 "Cojinova" y de la Sciaena de cury contents reported here fall within crustaceans, and mollusks were ob /iciosa 0 "Lorna." An. Fac. Farm. tained from the bibliography listed in Bioquim.5:115-117. the limits of the guideline. 15. Aten. A. H. W .. J. W. Dalenberg, and W. . The other elements listed in Table Table 4. C. M. Bakkum. 1961. Concentration of I-copper, iron, zinc, iodine, and The literature review summarized in uranium in sea fish. Health Phys. (C.S.) manganese-are of known nutritional this report will provide the medical 5:225-226. 16. Bache. C. A .• C. McKone. and D. J. Lisk. importance. A 100-g portion (approxi community with an estimate of the con 197 I. Rapid determination of mercury in 1 mately 3 / 2 ounces) of raw flesh will tent of various microelements found in fi,h. J. A"oc. Off. Anal. Chem. 54:741 often make a significant contribution to seafood for the calculation of special 743. 17. Bailey, B.E. 1942. Chart of the nutritive the daily requirement for the elements. diets involving minerals needed or to be values of British Columbia fishery pro In Table 2 the following elements avoided by the patients. It will help ducts. Fish Res. Board Can., Prog. Rep. may be of pubIic health concern: Lead, make the fisherman and processor Pac. Coast Stn. 53:9-11. arsenic, fluorine, cadmium, and aware of possible contamination in cer 18. Bails. 1. D. 1972. Mercury in fish in the Great Lakes. In R. Hartung and B. D. Din tain species of fish, which may present man (editors), Environmental mercury con marketing difficulties. The information tamination, p. 31-37. Ann Arbor Sci. 'Hall. R.A.. E.G. Zook. and G.M. Meaburn. reported on the nutritional value of Publ., Ann Arbor. Mich. 19. Berezin, N. T. 1967. Use of fish and s~a 1978. National Marine Fisheries Service survey many of the elements seen to be present of trace elements in the fi,hery re,ource. U.S. products in nutrition. Pishch. Promysh. Dep. Commer.. NOAA Tech. R~p. NMFS in seafood will be useful to those con Moskva, SFCSI-Int. TT-69-55095. SSRF-72 1, 313 p. cerned with consumer education. (Literature citations continue 011 page 17.)

2 Marine Fisheries Review Table 1.-Composition of the edible portion of raw (fresh or frozen) crustaceans, finfish, and mollusks. III Microelements: Copper, iron. zinc, iodine, manganese, mercury, and organic mercury_ Organic Copper Iron Zinc Iodine Manganese Mercury mercury ppm

Abalones 24.1 23.5 9.7 1.1 0.5 Haliotldae 79·30.0 0.8-21.10 5 3

Anchovies 2.9 19.8 15.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 Engrauhdae 0.8-5.0 8.1-49.0 0.0-0.7 0.0·03 2 9 2 6

Argenllnes 0.0 Argentintdae

Barracudas 68 2.1 0.3 Sphyraenidae 1.1-12.7 6

Basses. sea 1.2 12.3 18.0 0.2 0.4 Serranldae 0.0-4.0 1.9-41.0 1.4-50.0 0.1-0.4 0.0-1.1 8 18 3 4 4

Basses. temperate 13.1 2.7 0.4 03 0.3 09 Perclchlhyidae 4.2-22.0 0.4-0.5 0.1-1.0 2 2 7

Batlishes 11.0 Ogeocephalidae

Beardhshes 2.5 Polymixiidae

Bililishes 4.7 08 2.4 0_9 ISliophoridae 1.4-8.0 0.1-4.8 2 5

Bluelishes 0.2 22.7 0.3 00 Pomatomidae 0.2-0.3 60-52.0 0.3-0.4 00-00 2 3 3 2

Bombay ducks 43.3 Harpodon nehereus 12.0-105.0 3

Bowfins 0.0 0.4 Amiidae

Burbols 0.8 5.1 LOla 0.1-21.9 7

Bunerlishes 67.4 0.1 Stromateidae 9.0-122.3 6

Bunerllyfishes 8.8 7.8 00 Chaelodontldae 4.6-11,0 3

Caesios 6.0 Caesionidae 5.1-6,9 3

Catfishes. airbrealhing 1,5 10.0 0.0 Clanidae 48-19.0 4

Catfishes. airbreathing 4.8 26.0 Heteropneuslidae 1.5-8.0 226-310 3 2

Callishes. Ireshwaler 1.1 14,7 0.0 10 0.6 02 0.4 Iclaluridae 0.6-1.7 36-26,9 0,0-05 0.2-0.5 4 10 11 11 3

Catfishes, sea 06 33,3 0.1 0.1 0.0 Ariidae 48-63,7 0,1-0.2 0.0-0.2 10 2 2

Caveijshes 5.2 Amblyopsidae

CharacJns 14.7 Characidae

Chubs. sea 0.0 10,0 00 Kyphosidae

Seplember /978 J ---

Table 1.-conllnued. Organic Copper Iron Zinc Iodine Manganese Mercury mercury ppm

Cichlids 18.0 Cichlidae 4.0·32.0 2

Clams. arkshell 57.1 Arcidae

Clams, donax 0.7 Donacidae

Clams, freshwater 300 10.0 Mixed species

Clams, mactra 0.9 0.2 0.1 Mactridae 0.7-1.1 0.0-0.2 2 3

Clams, razor 42.2 77.0 1.4 0.1 Solenldae 5.0·110.0 8

Clams. sohshell 2.5 45.5 Myacidae 1.1-90.0 2

Clams. tellin 86.0 Tellinidae

Clams, Venus 4.3 59.6 27.5 0.8 0.1 Veneridae 00-19.2 16.0-130.0 5.1-77.0 0.2- 1.4 0.0-0.3 10 12 II 5 18

Cockles 43.3 1.8 0.0 Cardiidae 280-78.0 16-2.0 0.0-0.1 4 2 2

Cods. Atlantic 0.3 0.1 0.0 Gadus morhua 0.0-0.2 0.0-0.0 7 3

Cods 3.3 8.9 313 1.0 0.2 0.2 1.0 Gadus sp. 0.2-5.5 3.4-42.9 9.0-52.5 0.2-5.0 0.0-0.5 0.0-0.8 7 9 3 10 7 9

Codfishes 2.6 8.1 17.0 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.0 Gadidae 1.1-19.4 3.4-42.9 2.8-52.5 0.1-6.0 0.0-0.6 0.0-0.8 0.0-0.0 24 31 12 26 16 49 10

Crabs 9.2 219 41.3 1.2 0.2 0.1 Mixed species 0.1-50.7 2.5-61.0 14.0-93.6 0.1-4.6 0.1-0.5 0.0-0.1 28 22 18 11 6 2

Crayfishes 20.4 47.3 27.0 1.0 1.5 0.2 0.1 Mixed species 0.1-167.0 4.4-373.0 1.5-66.0 0.3-1.4 0.1-4.2 0.0-0.5 18 II 13 4 7 11

Cusk eels and brolulas 1.2 72 60 Ophidiidae 1.0-1.4 5.0·9.4 2 2

Cutlasslishes and hair1ails 1.7 35.0 50 0.1 Trichiuridae 1.0-2.3 6.0-138.7 2 5

Cuttlefishes 4.2 30.0 1.1 2.7 Mixed species 11.0-49.0 0.9-5.1 2 3

Dolphins 17.0 0.2 0_2 0.3 Coryphaenidae 0.1-0.3 2

Dories 0.0 10.0 0.0 0.2 Zeidae 0.1-0.3 2

Drepanes 5.0 Orepanidae 4.0-7.0 3

Drums 0.9 17.4 3.6 0.2 0.2 Sciaenidae 0.1-2.1 0.8-79.2 0.7-7.6 0.0-0.6 0.1-0.4 7 27 6 9 7

4 Marine Fisheries Review Table 1.-continued. Organic Copper Iron Zinc Iodine Manganese Mercury mercury ppm

Eels. conger 2.0 12.8 8.8 0.1 0.4 Congndae 00-60 5.0-40.0 87-90 00-0.3 0.1-0.7 5 7 2 2 5

Eels. freshwatC'f 09 18.6 18 1 08 0.3 07 0.4 Anguillidae 0.2-1 7 5.0-54.4 6.2-30.0 03-03 0.1-3.1 02-0.6 3 6 2 2 13 5

Eels. moray 4.8 Muraenidae

Eels. pike conger 0_3 136 0.6 Muraenesocldae 08-42.4 5

Eels. snake 1.5 96.6 55 00 0.2 Ophichlh,dae 0.0-3.8 29-3500 5.0-5.7 02-03 4 11 2 2

Eels. snipe 00 NemichthYldae

Eels. spiny 00 258.4 Notacanthidae 4.3-5125 2

Eels. swamp 22.0 Flufidae

Eelpouls 2.4 9.4 00 Zoarcidae 00-00 2

Featherbacks 838 1.7 Notopleridae 4.2-225.0 6

Flatheads 7.5 1.3 0.2 02 Percophididae 1.2-13.0 00-0.0 4 2

Flounders 06 5.1 3.1 0.2 02 1.8 Bolh,dae 0.1-1.2 3.3-6.9 02-0.3 2 4 2

Flounders 1.7 79 4.6 0.4 0.4 02 00 Pleuronectidae 0.1-7.0 0.4-22.0 0.8-14.2 0.1-10 0_0-1.8 00-08 0_0-0_1 16 26 9 19 9 27 5

Flyinglishes and hallbeaks 0_0 10.3 0_1 03 EXQcoelidae 5.1-14.5 0.0-0.1 5 3

Gars 1.0 70 5.0 0.0 0.2 Lepisoleidae 0.2-0.3 4

Gil1rakers 34.0 Chirocentridae

Goatflshes 8.8 00 0.1 0.1 Mullidae 5.1-11.0 0.1-0.1 4 3

Gobies 2.2 19.4 60 0.1 00 1.5 Gobiidae 0.3-4.0 1.0-82.4 02-2.8 2 11 2

Gooseflshes 12.5 07 0.1 Lophlldae 10_0-15.0 02-13 2 2

Greenlings 4.1 4.9 03 0.2 03 0.3 Hexagrammidae 0.2-9.6 0.1-0.2 01-0.0 2 2 4

GrenadIers 4.0 9.0 60 Macrouridae

Grunts 08 11.7 29.7 Pomadasyidae 0.0-1.6 1.0-22.5 8.4-51.0 8 2

SepTell/her /1.J7li 5 Table l.-conlinued. Organic Copper Iron Zinc Iodine Manganese Mercury mercury ppm

Guitartishes 06 26 20 0.3 Rhinobatidae 1.0-3.0 2

Gumards. flying 0.1 14.2 0.9 00 0.5 Daclylopteridae 10.0-18.0 4

Haddocks 1.5 8.5 7.8 3.1 0.2 0.1 00 Mefanogrammus aeglefinnus 0.1-2.4 3.5-14.0 2.7-17.4 0.3-6.0 0.2-0.2 0.0-0.2 0.0-0.0 10 12 3 8 2 9 2

Hakes 0.1 7.9 19.0 0.2 0.3 00 Merluccius sp. 0.1-0.1 5.0-11.6 80-300 0.1-0.3 0.1-0.5 2 3 2 2 10

Herrings 1.7 10.9 1.7 02 0.1 0.2 0.1 Clupeidae 0_1-2.3 0.0-31.2 0.0-0.5 0.0-0.2 01·03 4 13 5 3 4

Jacks and pompanos 0.4 17.3 3.7 0.3 03 0.2 0.1 Carangidae 0.0-1.1 0.1-82.1 0.0-9.0 01-0.6 0.0-05 0.1-0.8 6 37 7 6 6 5

Lampreys 90 0.4 Petromy2ontidae 0.1·1.1 3

Lanlernfishes 0.0 Myctophidae 0.0-0.1 2

Lings 6.7 2.1 0.1 Molva 5.0-8.0 1.2-3.0 3 3

Lizardfishes 35 0.4 Synodontidae 0.2-6.0 3

Longarays 5.4 Ambassidae

Lumpfishes and snailfishes 14.0 0.0 Cycioplendae

Mackerels 0.9 293 1.0 0.4 00 0.1 Scomber sp. 0.3-2.0 0.7-84.9 0.1-1.0 0.0-03 4 7 8 5

Mackerels 0.5 16.1 1.9 0.2 0.0 0.6 Scomberomorus sp. 0.6-40.2 0.6-3.2 0.1-0.4 0.1·1 1 8 2 3 2

Mackerels and Tunas 1.4 23.5 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.5 Scombridae 0.0-3.4 0.7-84.9 0.2-3.2 0.1-1.0 0.0-0.5 0.0-1.4 0.4-0.5 14 55 5 21 8 64 3

Milkfishes 7.1 0.0 Chanidae 3.2-11.0 2

Minnows and carps 2.2 16.0 35.0 09 0.6 0.3 05 Cyprinidae 0.5-6.1 50-560 10.0-60.0 0.0-3.1 0.0-23 01-0.9 0.1-1.1 13 17 2 10 7 13 6

Mojarras 4.2 Gerreidae 4.0-4.4 2

Mooneyes 0.2 Hiadontidae 0.1-0.3 4

Mullets 1.0 27.1 3.3 1.9 00 0.1 0.1 Mugllidae 0.0-2.1 10-2500 08-53 0.1-4.9 0.0-0.0 00-0.2 9 25 4 6 2 6

Mussels 2.2 76.7 33.7 1.4 2.3 1.5 Mytilidae 0.2-36 10.0-127.0 20.0-44.8 0.8-1.9 0.0-4.6 6 5 4 2 4

6 Marine Fisheries Review Table I.-continued. Organic Copper Iron Zinc Iodine Manganese Mercury mercury ppm

Needlelishes 4.2 11.3 1.9 Belonidae 9.8-14.0 3

Nemipterids 33 1.0 Nemtpteridae 1.4-5.5 3

Octopuses 14.7 16.2 0.2 0.1 03 Mixed species 0.9-2.5 0.3-0.4 3 2

Oysters 79.3 54.8 844.0 0.6 33 0.1 OSlreidae 03-6060 8.9-101.6 71.0-2000.0 0.1-1.3 0.1-6.5 00-02 52 27 31 19 14 9

Parrolfisl1es 0.1 0.1 Scaridae

Perches 1.7 7.6 12.0 0.0 0.2 1.2 06 Percidae 0.0-3.7 4.8-10.0 0.0-00 0.0-0.4 0.1-15.7 6 4 3 5 56

Perches. chmbing 1.3 18.6 Anabanlidae 1.0-1.6 3.4-76.0 2 7

Periwinkles 0.8 28.4 Liltorinidae

Picarels 0.3 Cenlracanlhldae

Pikes 20 7.5 13.2 0.3 1.0 1.7 1.1 Esocidae 0.7-3.4 0.4-43.1 4.0-19.0 0.2-3.2 0.0-15.2 0.8-1.4 9 10 4 8 36 3

Pomfrets 1.6 16.4 02 Bramidae 1.4-1.8 2

PorgIes 0.1 82 1.2 0.3 0.0 0.3 Sparidae 1.6-190 1.0-1.6 03-0.4 0.1-0.4 13 3 3 9

Prawns 77.2 51.6 0.3 Mixed species 0.1-110.3 9.5-135.0 0.1-1.0 14 35 9

Pullers 6.0 Telraodonlldae

Rabbitfishes 4.9 Seganoidae 4.9-5.0 2

Rays. eagle 0.7 53.0 1.8 03 Myliobatidae

Rays, electric 35 57.0 570 Torpedinidae

Rays, sting 21.8 Dasybatidae 5.0-61.5 4

Sablefishes 1.2 12.0 0.5 0.1 0.1 Anoplopomatidae 0.4-0.6 3

Salmons, Australian 0.1 10.0 Arriplddae 0.0-0.1 10.0-10.0 3 3

Sandlishes 15.0 Trichodonlidae

Saunes 22.6 00 Scomberesocidae 80-30.0 3

Sawfishes 12.0 Pristidae

September /978 7 Table 1.-continued. Organic Copper Iron Zinc Iodine Manganese Mercury mercury ppm Scallops 1.6 19.0 23.3 02 83 0.0 00 Peclinidae 0.1-3.1 10.0-30.0 17.0·29.5 0.2·0.2 0.0·39.0 0.0-0 1 7 4 2 2 5 5

Scombrops boops 100

Scorplonflshes and Rockfishe:s 5.0 28 0.5 as Scorraenidae 50-5 a 00·1.5 01-1.2 2 10 5

Sculplns 0.1 Coltldae 0.0·01 2

Sea cucumbers 28.0 22.0 4.0 Mixed species 2.9·82.0 6

Sea RObins 1.2 Triglidae

Sharks. cal 6.1 1.3 Scyliorhinidae 0.7·1.9 2

Sharks. dogfish 1.0 13.2 52 26 0.8 0.1 Squalidae 11.5-15.0 0.4-1.2 2 7

Sharks. hammerhead 06 27.0 29 09 Sphyrnidae 0.5-0.8 9.2·448 2.1·3.8 06-1.3 2 2 2 3

Sharks, mackerel 1.2 Lamnidae 0.1·21 3

Sharks. requiem 19.2 24.6 0.5 0.7 Carcharhinidae 84-45.3 28·660 0.0·1.1 0.1-1.5 13 3 3 8

Sharks, sand tiger 13.6 0.2 Odontaspldidae 12.5-14.3 3 Sharks, whale 80 Rhincooontidae

Shealhfishes 09 10.0 Siluridae

Shrimps 46 20.2 193 0.7 07 0.2 Mixed species 0.1-13.1 7.0-40.0 7.4·42.0 0.2·1.5 00·1.9 0.0·0.5 9 22 7 7 4 12

Silversides 40.0 Alheflnidae 7.0-73.0 2

Skates 0.4 12.0 58 02 0.0 0.4 0.1 RaJldae 0.1-0.7 10.0-14.0 30·98 02·08 2 2 3 3

Sleepers 38 15.2 0.0 Eleotridae 4.3-26.0 2

Smelts 0.8 28.5 20.0 0.2 01 0.0 Osmeridae 4.1-50.0 0.0·0.3 0.0-0.1 5 2 8

Smelts, deep sea 04 Bathylagidae

Snails 234 71.3 25.0 0.1 168 Mixed species 4.0-62.2 41.0-86.9 16.0·17.6 3 3 2

Snake Mackerels 0.1 100 0.2 00 Gempylidae

Snappers 0.7 22.8 2.3 03 0.1 04 LulJanldae 0.0-1.6 4.0·759 0.3·0.3 00-01 03-0.6 4 8 3 2 2

8 Marine Fishaies Rel';ell' Table 1.-continued. Organic Copper Iron linc Iodine Manganese Mercury mercury ppm

Snooks 11.2 0.0 Cenlropomldae 2.7-41.3 0.0-0.0 9 2

Soapies 7.8 Leiognalhidae 7.0-10.0 4

Soles 00 7.3 0.8 00 0.1 Soteidae 1.8-100 0.1-0.3 3 8

Spadefishes 0.1 11.8 00 Ephippldae 7.0-20.0 5

Squids 10.9 32.0 23.8 0.2 06 0.2 Mixed specIes 29-15.0 5.0-185.6 7.6-64.0 02-08 0.1-0.3 3 11 6 3 4

Squirrelflshes 0.2 0.2 Holocentridae 02-0.2 2

Stargazers 1.3 Uranoscopidae

Sturgeons 0.6 0.1 Acipenseridae

Suckers 0.0 0.3 0.3 Catostomidae 0.0-00 0.0-1.3 0.2-0A 5 13 2

Sunfishes and black basses 1.4 34 0.0 03 03 0.5 Cenlrarchidae 00-0.1 0.0-06 0.1-1.1 5 21 4

Sur1perches 0.1 EmbfOtocidae 0.1-0.1 2

Surgeonfishes 5.0 Acanthundae 4.9-5.0 2

Swordfishes 11.0 09 1.1 Xiphiidae 02-2.0 25

Tarpons 209 7.6 Elopidae 35-63.0 4

Therapons 33.4 Theraponidae 5.5-86.0 6

Threadfins 0.1 16.6 00 Polynemidae 2.0-720 12

Tilefishes 7.2 00 Brancfl10slegidae 0.3-14.0 2

Tonguefishes 12.0 08 Cynoglossidae 0.1-2.3 3

Topshells 7A Trachidae 6.1-8.7 2

Triggerllshes and lilelishes 0.2 7.0 1.5 0.0 Balislidae 0.0-06 1. 1-10 a 0.0-0.0 3 3 2

Trouts and salmons 1.7 11.8 lOA 05 04 0.5 0.6 Salmonidae 0.2-4.0 1.5-45.0 lA-26.0 0.0-4.6 0.1-0.7 00-33 00-1.6 21 27 8 53 7 40 5

SepTelllber /978 9 Table 1.-continued. Organic COpper Iron Zinc Iodine Manganese Mercury mercury ppm

Tunas 0.5 400 0.2 02 03 Euthynnus sp. 0.2-04 9

Tunas 27.5 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 Thunnus sp. 2.7-80.0 0.2-04 0.1-0.5 0.1-1.4 0.5-0.5 9 3 2 35 2

Viperlishes 37.3 32.2 05 Chauliodonlldae 35-61.0 2

Weevers 2.0 Trachlnldae

Whales 0.9 Mixed species 0.2-1.7 4

Whitings 0.1 98 79 09 0.1 Sillagonidae 0.1-0.2 09-22.0 0.6-21.8 3 6 4

Wolffishes 09 0.1 0.1 Anarhichadldae

Wrasses 0.2 Labndae 0.1-0.3 2

Table 2. - Composition of the edible portion of raw (fresh or frozen) crustaceans, finfish, and mollusks_ III. Mlcroelements: Lead, arsenic, fluorine, silver, cadmium, cobalt, and selenium. Lead ArseniC Fluorine Silver Cadmium Cobalt Selenium ppm

Abalone 0.1 0.0 Haliotidae

Anchovies 0.9 Engrauildae

Basses, sea 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 04 Serranidae 0.3-1.3 0.1-0.1 2 2

Basses. temperate 08 04 00 04 Perclchthyidae 0.7-0.9 0.0-0.0 04-04 2 2 2

Beardlishes 0.6 0.0 Polymixiidae

Bigeyes 1.0 Priacanthidae

Bluelishes 1.6 Pomatomidae 0.1-23 3

Burbots 0.9 Lota

Catfishes. freshwater 0.6 1.2 0.1 00 Ictaluridae 0.6-0.7 0.1-2.2 0.1-0.1 2 2 3

Chimaeras 7.0 Chimaeridae

Clams. donax 2.6 Donacidae

Clams. mactra 4.3 Mactridae 1.2-74 2

Clams, razor 3.3 Solenidae

Clams. so"shell 0.8 12.7 Myacidae

10 Marine Fisheries Review Table 2.-eontlnued. Lead Arsenic Fluorine Silver Cadmium Cobalt Selenium ppm Clams. Venus 0.8 2.0 0.2 0.3 0.6 Veneridae 0.2-2.6 0.9-56 0.0-0.6 6 8 11

Cockles 98 0.4 Cardifdae 2.1-17.6 2

Cod. Atlanlic 0.3 2.1 00 0.8 Gadus morhua 0.2-03 0.9-3.4 0.0-0.1 0.4-1.2 3 3 3 2

Cods 0.6 3.4 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.4 Gadus sp. 0.5-0.6 0.7-7.0 0.1-0.2 0.0-1.2 2 3 2 2

Codfishes 0.5 2,3 3.8 0.0 0,1 03 0,7 Gadidae 0.2-1.6 03-58 0,7-7,0 00-00 0,0·05 0.0-1.2 0.4·1.2 10 11 4 3 13 4 3

Crabs 0.5 12,2 36 0,0 Mixed species 0.3-0.8 38-35,6 0.0·22.4 5 8 13

Cray1ishes 1.6 12,8 0.3 0,1 1.5 0,7 Mixed species 0,3-11.6 0.4-44.5 0,0·0.2 0.1-2,8 9 8 9 2

Cusk eels and brolulas 0.2 0.6 Ophidiidae

CUlIassfishes and hainails 0.0 Trichiuridae

Cuttlefishes 8.2 Mixed species

Drums 0.3 20 Sciaenidae 0.1-0.4 00-8,9 2 5

Eels. conger 0.2 00 0.1 Congridae

Eels. freshwater 0.4 00 Anguillidae 0.3-0,6 2

Eels, snake 0.2 0.1 Ophichlhldae 02-0.3 0.0-0.1 2 2

Featherbacks 05 Notopteridae

Flounders 0.4 2.5 0.4 00 00 08 07 Pleuronectidae 0.2-0.5 0.'-4,5 0.0-0,0 00-0,0 0,5-1.2 0.3-1.4 3 5 2 3 2 3

Gars 0.4 00 Lepisoleidae

Gobies 00 Gobiidae

Greenlings 0.4 Hexagrammidae 0_3-06

Grenadiers 00 Macrouridae

Grunts 0.0 Pomadasyidae

Guitartishes 3,0 0.1 Rhinobatidae

Haddock 0.3 2.6 5.1 0.1 02 Melanogrammus aeglefinnus 02-0,5 0.6-4.5 0.0-0,1 3 2 3

Hakes 0.4 0.0 Merluccius sp. 0.4·05 0,0-0.1 2 2

Herrings 0.1 Clupeidae

September /978 /I --

Table 2.-eontinued. lead Arsenic FluOrine Silver Cadmium Cabal! Selenium ppm

Jae.s and pompanos OA 0.2 0.0 0.0 Carangldae 0.0·0 5 0.0·0.0 2 2

Mackerels 1.5 $comber sp.

MaCkerels O. 0.1 Scomberomorus sp.

Mackerels and lunas 0.4 1.5 0.0 Scombndae 03·0.6 3

Minnows and carps 0.6 0.1 0.0 Cyprinidae 0.0·0.1 2

Mullets 60 •. 1 3.0 0.1 Mugilidae 0.3·8.0 1.1·•.9 0.0·0.1 2 2 2

Mussels 1.1 29.7 0.7 0.1 Mylilidae 0.1·2.• 1.7·630 0.2·1.9 • 5 4 Oclopuses 8.1 0.0 0.1 Mixed species 1.6·1 •.5 2

Oysters 24.9 91 1.1 02 0.7 Ostreidae 0.2·100.0 0.5·.2.7 0.7·1.6 12 '0 2

Perches 06 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.3 Percldae 0.5·0.6 0.1·0.6 00·1.2 2 2 • Penwinkles 1.5 22.0 Liltorimdae

Pikes 06 0.1 02 Esocidae 0.5·09 01·0.1 0.2·0.4 • 2 3 PorgIes 0.5 Sparidae

Prawns 21.6 Mixed species 1.3·55.8 3

Rays. eagle 13 Myliobalidae

Sablefishes 0.0 Anoplopomatidae

Saunes 0.6 Scomberesocldae

Scallops 03 88 2.8 23 Pectinidae 02·05 0.4·33.6 0.0·10.6 6 7 5

Scorpionlishes and rockfishes 1.5 0.5 0.9 0.2 Scorpaenidae 1.2·1.7 0.3·1.3 0.2·1.5 O. '·0.3 2 6 2 2

Sharks. cow •. 1 Hexanchldae 3.2·•.6 3

Sharks. dogfIsh 27 5.3 0.2 Squaildae 0.6·•.3 0.2·0.3 3 2

Sharks. hammerhead 2.1 0.1 Sphyrnldae 0.6·3.6 0.0·0. , 2 2

Sharks. requiem 0.9 0.3 Carcharinidae 0.3·1.6 0.0·0.6 2 2

/2 Marine Fisheries Reviell' Table 2.-continued. Lead Arsenic Fluorine Sliver Cadmium Cobalt Selenium ppm

Shrimps 0.5 8.7 0.1 0.2 1.2 Mixed species 0.4-05 1.8-29.8 00-02 0.1-0A 0.6-1.9 4 8 8 4 2

Silversldes 03 Alherinldae 0.2-0.3 3

Skates 10.3 0.3 RaJldae 4A-16.2 0.1-0.5 2 2

Smells 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.2 Osmeridae

Snappers 0.5 OA 0.1 Luljanldae

Sales 09 Soleidae

SquIds 1.5 0.1 0.1 06 mixed species OA-2.6 0.1-01 01-1.0 3 2 2

Sturgeons 08 0.1 Acipenscridae 0.0-0.1 2

Sunlishes and black basses 00 3.7 OA Centr8rchidae 0.0-0.0 4

Swordfishes 0.2 00 0.0 Xlphlldae 00-0.0 2

Tarpons 3.7 Elapidae 0.7-6_6 2

Trouts and salmons 05 0.9 0.0 03 Salmonidae 02-09 0.1-2.7 0_0-0.1 0.2-0A 5 8 9 2

Tunas 03 0.1 Euthynnus sp.

Whelks 11.1 18.9 Mixed Species 0.1-22.0 2

Whitings 0.7 00 0.0 Sillagonidae

Table 3.-Composition of the edible portion of raw (fresh or frozen) crustaceans, finfish, and mollusks: III. Microelements: Chromium, vanadium, tin. aluminum. nickel, barium, and molybdenum. Chromium Vanadium Tin Aluminum Nickel Barium Molybdenum ppm

Abalones 111.6 Haliotidae

Catfishes. freshwater 0.2 00 0.0 09 rcraluridae

Clams. saftshell 04 3.2 Myacidae

Clams, Venus 03 254_7 06 Veneridae 0.2-0A 5

September /978 IJ Table 3.---eonlinued. Chromium Vanadium Tin Aluminum Nickel Barium Molybdenum ppm

Cods, Allantlc 0.1 Gadus morhua 0.1-0.1 2

Cods 05 16 2.5 Gadus sp. 0,0-10 00-3,7 1.8-3.1 2 4 2

Codl,shes 0.1 0,6 1.4 4 1 0.0 0.2 3,0 Gadidae 0.0-0.3 0.0-1.3 00-37 0.1-218 0.0-0.1 8 5 9 9 2

Crabs 0.1 35.9 0,6 Mixed species 0.1-0.2 2

Crayfishes 0.1 29 12 45.9 0.1 0,2 Mixed species 0,0-8.5 0.9-1.5 1.4-90.3 0.0-0.1 3 2 2 2

Cusk eels and brotulas 18 Ophidiidae

Cullasslishes and hairtails 00 00 18 Trichlruldae

Eels. conger 00 0.0 2.8 Congndae

EelS. freshwater 00 Anguillidae

Flounders 03 10 0.2 Both,dae

Flounders 0.1 0.1 0.9 11.0 0,2 Pleuronectidae 0.0-02 0.0-0.5 0,0-32 10.0-32.3 0.0-0.4 5 5 6 4 2

Gars 00 0,0 26 Lepisoleidae

Gobies 00 0.0 1.9 Goblidae

Grenadiers 0.0 0,0 1.9 Macroundae

Grunts 00 0,3 2.6 Pomadasyidae

Haddocks 0.1 0.0 10 0.1 0,2 Melanogrammus aeglefinnus 0,0-0.3 4 Hakes 0.1 19 03 0.0 Merluccius sp. 0.1-0.1 0.1-0.5 2 2

Jacks and pompanos 5.3 Carangidae 1.2-9.3 2

Mackerels and lunas 0.0 0.0 89.8 Scombndae 00-00 1.2-178.2 3 2

Minnows and carps 0,9 9,1 25.7 Cyprinidae 0.0-1.8 0,0-18.2 1.3-46,1 2 2 3

Mussels 03 2.9 0,5 Myiilidae 0.5-0.5 2 Oyslers 0.1 0,1 14 13.4 OS Ostreidae 0.1-0. I 2

Perches 0,1 0,6 0,2 Percidae

Pikes 2,2 0.2 Esocidae 0,5-5.4 02-02 3 3

/4 Marine Fisheries Review Table 3.-continued. Chromium Vanadium Tin Aluminum Nickel Barium Molybdenum ppm

Prawns 05 Mixed species 0.3-0.8 5 Sablelishes 0.0 00 3.1 Anoplopomatidae

Saunes 1.1 Scomberesocldae

Scallops 0.1 2.1 0.0 Pectinidae 0.1-0.1 2.1-21 5 2

Scorpionfishes and rockhshes 0.1 Scorpaenidae 0.1-0.1 2

Sea cucumbers 43.8 Mixed species

Sharks. requiem 0.7 11.5 Carcharhinidae 0.3-1.1 11.4-11.6 2 2

Shrimps 01 1.9 0.0 00 Mixed species 00-0.1 7

Smelts 0.8 12.2 0.2 Osmeridae

Snappers 0.1 Luljanidae

Sales Soleidae 32

Squids 03 17.5 0.3 Mixed species 1.3-47.4 3

Swordhshes 00 Xiphiidae

Trouts and salmons 0.1 1.6 2.1 0.2 0.0 Salmonldae 0.0-0.2 0.4-3.6 1.2-3.0 0.2-0.2 3 3 2 2

Whilings 00 00 Sillagonrdae

Table 4.-References by species for microelement contents of finfish, crustaceans. and mollusks. Abalones (Haliotidae) 6.85.86.90. 106. 109. 142. 187 Ca~ishes. airbrealhing Anchovies (Engraulidae) 37.41.58.85.97.106.110.124.134. (Heuiropneustidae) 159. 167. t69 154. 172. 179.210 Calfishes. Ireshwater (Iclalur- 4.5.24.59.67.72.88.96. 113. 155. Argentines (Argenlinidae) 224 idae) 159.167.168.169.171.191.203.206 Barracudas (Sphyraenidae) 85.87.90. 106. 107. 199 Calfishes. sea (Ariidael 10.26.41.85.106.107.134.136. Basses. sea (Serranidae) 8.21.37.45.46.47.75.85.87. 106. 151, 169, 186 107.108.124.142.146.151.155.172. Cavefishes (Amblyopsidae) 168 210, 223 Characins (Characidae) 87 Basses. temperate (Percichthy- Chimaeras (Chimaeridael 103 idae) 96, 114. 143, 144. 149.206,223.224 Chubs. sea (Kyphosidae) 45 Balfishes (Ogeocephaiidae) 107 Cichlids (C,chlidae) 106. 107 Beardflshes (Polymixiidae) 196 Clams, arkshell (Arcidae) 85 Bigeyes (Priacanthidae) 208 Clams. dona> (Donacidae) 48. 118 Billfishes (Istlophoridae) 106. 162. 198.201 Clams. rreshwater (mixed Bluefishes IPomatomidae) 45,58.107.113,124.150,151.155. species) 86.106 206.223 Clams. maclra (Mactridae) 58. 106. 178 Bombay ducks IHarpodon nehereus) 106. 136. 186 Clams. razor (Solenidae) 58. 74, 90. 106. 109. 141.206 Bowfins (Amiidae) 96.206 Clams. softshell (Myacidae) 34.44,55. 130. 176 Burbols (LOla) 10.25.60.96. 137.207.215.218 Clams. t.ellin (Tellinidae) 106 Butterfishes (Slromateldae) 10,41.95. 106. 136. 186 Clams, Venus (Veneridael 6. 24. 25. 26. 29. 30. 44. 48. 53. 63. Butlerflytishes (Chaetodontidael 26.85. 106, 134 76.82,85.86.90. 103. 104, 106. 108. Caesios (Caesionidae) 85. 106 115.118,124.142.172.175.176.177. Calfishes. airbreathing (Clari· 180.181.182.183.187.191.206.210. idae) 107. 134. 167. 168 211

Seplember /978 /5 Table 4.-contlnued. Cockles (Cardiidae) 20. 23, 38. 48, 58. 85, 106, I 19 90. 104. 105. 106. 107. 109. 110. 113. Cods. Atlantic (Gadus morhua) 13. 15. 24, 116. 133, 137. 183,204. 115.124. 132.134.135.136.142. lSI. 224 153.155.160.172.173.186.195. 196. Cods (Gadus sp.) 10,13.35.69,85,90.115.151.207 198.200.201, 206, 223 Codfishes (Gadidae) 8, 10. 11. 13, 19,24,25.35.44,45. Milkfishes (Chanidae) 85. 106 46, 51, 67, 69, 70. 76,85. 87, 90. 94. Minnows and carps (Cyprrnidae) 4.7.9.10.16.25.57.59,67.88.90, 100. 104. 106.109. 112, 113, 115.116, 96, 106, 108. 110, 114. 126. 134. 137. 121.124. 129,149.150, 151. 152. 155. 141,142.159.165. 167.168.169.170. 156.160.166.172.178.179,182.191. 171.206.215.224 194.200.206.214.215.224 Mojarras (Gerreidae) 85. 106 Crabs (mixed species) 23. 24. 25, 26. 32. 33, 38. 45. 51. 66. Mooneyes (Hiodontidae) 25,96 85.86,90,92. 101, 103. 104. 109, 128. Mullels (Mugilidae) 1.10,26,35.41,45.46.47,51.85. 130,135.142.152,156.161,172.186. 88. 95, 106. 11 O. 120. 123. 134, 135. 187. 191. 198,200.205.206,213,224 136,151.152,154.159,162.167.169. Crayfishes (mixed species) 21.22.23.24.25,28.32.38,41,45. 170.186.196. 198. 201. 206. 210. 223 48.58.63.67.80.85.90. 104. 105. Mussels (Mylilidae) 20. 22. 23. 33. 35. 38. 41. 45. 48. 49. 106,110.113.115,129.150,155,156. 90.106.118.124.130,172.174,175, 172.174.175.177.178,180.181.182. 187. 205, 206 184.186,191.194.195, 196. 198.207, Needlefishes (Belonidae) 10.85.106.159 224 Nemiplerids (Nemipleridae) 85. 106. 201 Octopuses (mixed species) 35.48. 58. 71. 86. 90. 106. 1 to Cusk eels and brOlulRs (Ophldi Oyslers (Oslreidae) 25. 26. 31. 38. 39. 42. 45. 48. 50. 58. idae) 67.87. 115. 196 62.63. 75. 76.78.80.82.83. 84. 85. Cutlassfishes and hairtails 86. 90. 99. 102, 104, 105, 106. 107. (Trichiundae) 2.41.67,85.106. 186 109.111.113.115.116.117.119,120. CUlilefishes (mixed species) 20.35,48.58. 147, 172.222 121.129.135.141.150.155.156.164. Dolphins (Coryphaenidae) 106.151,162.198 175,178,179.180.181.183.190.191. Dories (leidae) 35, 45. 58 206, 219 Drepanes (Drepanidae) 85. 106. 107 Parrollishes (Scaridae) 85.87. 106. 162 Drums (Sciaenidae) 2.10.12.14.26.45.47.58,59.71. Perches (Percidae) g. 10. 16. 18,25.45. 46. 59. 69. 72. 85.87.90.95.96. 106. 107. 114. 124. 96.113.114.124.137.149.155.163. 136. 169. 186, 196.201,206.210.223 206,209.215,216.218.224 Eels. conger (Congridae) 35.45, 58. 67. 69. 106. 120, 149,200. Perches. climbing (Anabanlidae) 106, 123, 134. 167, 168. 169. 170 210,223 PeriWinkles (Littonnidae) 20. 38. 128, 207 Eels. freshwater (Anguillidae) 10. 35. 64, 93, 106. 107. 109. 138. Picarels (Centracanlhidae) 35 166. 172,220. 223. 224 Pikes (Esocidae) 25. 31. 46. 59. 60. 69. 72. 91. 92. 93. Eels. moray (Muraenidae) 85 96.100.113.114.124.137.149.155, Eels. pike conger (Muraenesoc 160.172.185.197,206.209.215.216. idae) 85. 120. 186, 201 218 Eels. snake (Ophlchlt1idae) 4,85.88.106.134.159.167,168, Pomfrels (Bramidae) 106, 170. 198 169. 223 Porgies (Sparidae) 3.25,45.58.71.85.106.145.151. Eels. snipe (Nemichlhyidae) 221 201.206 Eels. spiny (Nolacanlhidae) 88, 134 Prawns (mixed species) 12.35.38.41.43.45.58.71.87.106. Eels. swamp (Flulidae) 105 107. 110. 137. 186. 188, 189.221 Eelpouls (loarcidae) 149. 224 Pullers (Telraodontidae) 106 Fealherbacks (Nolopleridae) 88,106,134.165,167.170 Rabbillishes (Seganoidae) 85. 106 Flalheads (percophldidae) 45,85. 106. 151.201 Rays. eagle (Myliobatidae) 41.223 Flounders (Bolhidae) 35.68.85.87.106. 151. 172 Rays. eleclric (Torpedinidae) 61. 164 Flounders (Pleuroneclidae) 8, 10. 15. 17.24.25.26.31,41,45. Rays. sling (Dasyballdae) 33.85. 106, 107. 186 46. 51.63.67.69, 70. 73. 77. 85. 90. SableIi shes (Anoplopomatidae) 10.67.90. 115. 154 100. 103. 106. 107. 109. 110. 112. 113. Salmons. Australian (Arnpiddae) 45 115. 120. 124. 129. 134, 135. 137. 142, Sandlishes (Trichodonlidae) 106 149,152.154,155.158,172,174.176, Sauries (Scomberesocidae) 67.76. 106. 154 177.178.179.200.204.206.215 Sawfishes (Pris1idae) 110 Fly,nglishes and halfbeaks Scallops (Peclinidae) 13.20.23.24.31.33,38.45.69.71. (Exocoelidae) 45. 58, 85. 106. 199 90, 104. 109. 113. 115. 118. 119. 124. Gars (Leplsoleidae) 57. 59, 67. 206 130. 176. 177. 179. 182. 183. 191. 205. Gillrakers (Chironcenlndae) 186 206, 224 Goatfishes (Mullrdae) 35.85, 134. 154. 162.210 Scombrops boops 106 Gobies (Gobiidae) 10,33.35,67,85,87, 106. 134, 167. SCorpionfisnes and rockfishes 10.13.24.26.35.46.58.90,103. 168, 169. 186.206 (Scorpaenidae) 106.115.116,154.155,160.172,191. Goosefishes (Lophlldae) 13.35. 106,210.224 199 Greenlings (Hexagrammldae) 10.24,90,149.154.201 Sculpins (Cot1idae) 183 Grenadiers (Macrouridae) 67 Sea cucumbers (mIxed species) 106. 123. 142.202 Grunts (Pomadasyidae) 26.45.47.67.85. 87. 106. 107 Sea robins 10 Guilarlishes (Rhinobalidae) 201 Sharks. cal (Scyliorhinidae) 20.35 Gumards. flying (Dac1ylopler- Sharks. cow (Hexanchidae) 103 idae) 15.35.45,47,106,201.210 Sharks. dogfish (Squalidae) 10,24.25.35.94. 103. 106. 152. 154. Haddocks (Me/anogrammus aegle 10.13. I 5,24.25.33.51.54.68.69, 198. 223, 224 finnus 73.94. 110. 113. 115. 120. 124. 135. Sharks. hammerhead (Sphyrnidae) 85. 186. 198. 223 148.149.155.160.172.176.181.200. Shariks. mackerel (Lamnidae) 154.198 204.207,216.224 Sharks. requiem (Carcharhinidae) 12.35.45.47.67.85.87.106.142. Hakes (MerlucclUs sp.) 15. 22. 24. 35. 58. 67. 70. 71. 154. 154. 186, 198.223 210. 224 Sharks. sand tiger (Odonlaspld- Herrings (Clupeidae) 10.45.58.59,85.87.90.95.96. 106. idae) 41. 106 107.113.114.115.124. 126. 149. 156. Sharks. whale (Rhlncodonlidae) 155 159. 169. 186.201. 206. 224 Shealhfishes (Silurrdae) 106.169 Jacks and pompanos (Carangidae) 2. 14.26.33.35.41.47.58.67.85. Shrrmps (mixed species) 3.13.24,26,32,35.38.41.45.48. 87.90. 106.107, 110. 145. 151, 162. 51.52,58.76.85,86.90.104.106. 169. 186. 196.201.206 108.109.113.121.123.124.129.131. Lampreys (Pefromyzonlidae) 59. 106 135.150,152,155. 156, 172. 176, 180, Lantemfishes (Myclophidae) 154 181.182.183,184.186.187.191.194.198. Lings (Molva) 10, 13, 120.200.206 200.206.210 Lizardlishes (Synodonlidae) 85. 106.201 SilversIdes (Atherinidae) 71.106.184 Longarays (Ambassidae) 85 Skales (Rajidae) 10.31.33.35.45.70. 103. 106. 152. Lumpfishes and snailfishes 206, 223, 224 (Cyclopteridae) 106. 224 Sleepers (EleOlridae) 134. 159 Mackerels (Scomber sp.) 2. 13.35.45.87.90. 106. 115. 135. Smelts (Osmeridae) 24.59.76.90.136,146.149.206.209 160,186.198.201.207 Smelts. deep sea (Balhylagidae) 221 Mackerels (Scomberomorus sp.) 2. 12.87. 106. 134. 15t. 186. 198. 20t. Snails (mixed species) 20.23.85.106.107.118.158.172 207.223 Snake mackerels (Gempylidae) 45. 151 Mackerels (Scombridae) 2. 12. 13. 15.24.25.35.36.41.45. Snappers (Luljanidae) 10.27.45,51.85,87,107.110.113. 47,51.52.67.69.71.76. 8t. 85, 87. 124, 135, 155. 156. 193. 198

/6 Marine Fisheries Review Table 4.-continued. Snooks (Cenlropomldaej 41 45.85 106. 136 167. 168. 169. 171 Topshells (Trachidae) 118.207 Soapies (lelognathldae) 85. 95. 106 Triggerlishes and filefishes Soles (Soleidae) 45.58.71.145.178.201.210 (Balistidae) 45. 169.202 Spadefishes (Ephippldae) 7.45. 85. 87 106 Trouts and salmons (SalmonldaL'; 10.16.24.25.26.31.40.46.56.67. Squids (mixed species) 35.43.48.58.67.71.85.86.87.90. 71.72.75.89.96.100.103.104.106. 106. 109. 142. 147.210.221 109.113.114.115.121. 124. 133. 135. Squirrelfishes (Holocenlridae) 154. 162 137.140.146.149. 155. 160. 163. 172. Stargazers (Uranoscopldae) 35 185.186.187.191.200.201.206.209. Sturgeons (Acipenseridae) " 10.59.90. 114 215.217.218.224 Suckers (Catostomldae) 9. 10. 16. ?o. 59. 96. 100. 203. 206. Tunas (Euthynnus sp.) 24.106.125.156.157.162.221.223 224 Tunas (Thunnus sp.) 10. 24.41. 58. 76. 79. 85. 90. t05. Sunfishes and black basses 9. 10. 16. 59. 60. 72. 88. 96. 98. 114 106.125.146.157.162.198.199.201. (Centrarchidae) 149.183.203.206.224 206 Surlperches (Embiotocidae) 10 Viperlishes (Chauliodonlidae) 134. 135 Surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae) 85. 106 Swordfishes (Xiphltdae) 1.24.58.65.92.106.124.139.175. Weevers (Trachinidae) 35 Whales (mixed species) 196 25 Tarpons (Elopidae) 26.28.41.85. 106 Whelks (mixed species) 38. 106. 128 Therapons (Theraponidae) 85. 106. 154 Whitings (Sillagonidae) 26. 41. 45. 85. 86. 106. 124. 152. 170. Threadfins (Polynemidae) 12.41 45.85.106.107.186 201.224 Tilefishes (Branchiostegidae) 106.201 Wolffishes (Anarhichadidae) 10. 13. 160.224 Tonguefishes (Cynoglossidae) 25. 106 Wrasses (labridae) 115.206

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/8 Marine Fisheries Review 119. McCance. R. A. and H. L. Shipp. 19.1.1. 1.19. Oishi. K. 1959. Quality of flatfish from Khan. aod J. C. Debnalh. 1962. Biochemi The magnesium and olher inorganic con Hakodale. On Jpn .. Engl. summ.] Bull. cal and nutrilional studies on East Pakistan stiluents of some marine inverlebrales. J. Fac Fish .. Hokkaido Univ. 10:1.11-146. fish. Part V II. Chemical composition and Mar. BioI. Assoc. U. K. 19:293-296. 140. Ono. T .. F. Nagayama. and T. Masuda. quality of the tradilionally processed fish. 120. McCance. R. A.. and E. 'vi. Widdowson. 1960. Studies on the fat metabolism of fish Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 5:70-73. 1960. Thccompositionoffoods. Med. Res. muscles. 4. Effccts of the components in 160. Raeder. M. G .. and E. Snekvik. 1941. Counc. IG.B.). Spec. Rep. Ser. No. 297. foods on the culture of rainbow troul. J. (luccksilbcrgchalt mariner organismcn. 252 p. Tokyo Univ. Fish. 46:97-106. K()ng. Norske Vidensk. 'Selskab. 121. McClure. F. J. 1949. Fluorine in foods. 141. Orion. J. H. 1924. An account ofinvesliga 13(42): 169-172. Survey of recenl daw. Publ. Heallh Rep. lions into the cause or causes of the unusual 161. Reynolds. C. V.. and E. B. Reynolds. 64: 1061-1074. mOrlality among oysters in English oyster 1971. Cadmium in crabs and crabmeat. J. /22. Meranger. J. c.. and E. Somers. 1968. oeds during 1920 and 1921. Minisl. Agric. Assoc. Publ. Anal. 9:112-115. Detcrmination of the heavy metal content of Fish .. Fish. Invesl. Ser. II 6(3). 187 p. 162. Rivers. J. B.. J. E. Pearson. and C. D. sea-foods by alomic-absorplion spec 142. Oya. T.. and K. Shimada. 1933. Distribu Shultz. 1972. Total and organic mercury in trophotometry. Bull. Environ. Contam. lion of AI and Fe in the muscle of some marine fish. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxi Toxicol. .1 :360-.165. marine animals. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. col. 8:257-266. 12.1. Miller. C. D.. and B. Branthoover. 1957. 2:20-22. 163. Robertson. O. H.. and A. L. Chaney. 1953. Nutritive values of some Hawaii foods in 14.1. Pakkala. I. S .. W. H. GUlenmann. D. J. Thyroid hyperplasia and tissue iodinc con household units and common measures. Lisk. G. E. Burdick. and E. J. Harris. lent in spawning rainbow trout: A compara Hawaii Agric. Exp. Sin. Circ. 52. p. 3-20. 1972. A survey of the selenium conlenl of tive study of Lake Michigan and California 124. Miller. D. F. Undated. Mineral composi fish from 49 New York State waters. PeSlic. sea-run trout. Physiol. Zool. 26:328-340. tion of foods. Data from files of CFERD. ~onil. J. 6:107-114. 164. Rose. W. C. and M. Bodansky. 1920. U.S. Dep. Agric. 144. Pakkala, I. S., M. N. White, G. E. Bur Biochemical studies on marine organisms. 125. Millcr. G. E.. P. M. Grant. R. Kishore. F. dick, E. J. Harris. and D. J. Lisk. 1972. A I. The occurrence ofcopper. J. Bioi. Chem. J. Stein kruger. F. S. Rowland. and V. P. survey of the lead content of fish from 49 44:99-112. Guinn. 1972. Mercury concentrations in New York State waters. Pestic. Monit. J. 165. Rudra, M. N. 1939. Manganese content of museum specimens of luna and swordfish. 5:348-355. Indian foodstuffs and other materials. J. Science (Wash .. D.C) 175:1121-1122. 145. Palad.J.G.. I.CAbdon.A. V.Lontoc.L. Ind. Chem. Soc. 16:131-134. 126. Mitra. K. 1938. Nutrition studies in Bihar. B. Dimaunahan, E. C Eusebio. and N. 166. Sadolin. E. 1928. The occurrence of arse Pari II. Chemical composition of some Santiago. 1964. Nutritive value of some nic in fiso. Dan. Tidsskr. F

September /978 /9 metals in man: Copper. J. Chron. Dis. IV. Vitamins: A, D, E, choline, ascorbic 209. Uthe, J. F., and E. G. Bligh. 1971. Pre 19: 1007-1034. acid, inositol, biotin, thiamine. riboflavin, liminary survey of heavy metal contamina 181. Schroeder, H. A., A. P. Nason, \. H. Tip niacin, pyridoxine, folic acid, B 12, and pan tion of Canadian freshwater fish. J. Fish. ton, and J. J. Balassa. 1967. Essenlialtrace tothenic acid. Mar. Fish. Rev. 40( 12). Res. Board Can. 28:786-788. metals in man: Zinc. Relation to environ 194. Skinner, J. T., and W. H. Peterson. 1930. 210. Valdehita, M. T. 1959. Determination of mental cadmium. J. Chron. Dis. 20:179 The determination of manganese in animal mineral elements in various foods. An. 210. materials. J. BioI. Chern. 88:347-351. Brom. (Madrid) II :367-380. 182. Schroeder, H. A., A. P. Nason, and \. H. 195. Soremark, R. 1967. Vanadium in some 2". Venkataraman, R., and S. T. Chari. 1951. Tipton. 1967. Essential trace metals in biological specimens. J. Nutr. 92:183-190. Studies on oysters and clams: Biochemical man: Cobalt. J. Chron. Dis. 20:869-890. 196. Stander, G. H. 1955. Copper, lead and ar variations. Indian J. Med. Res. 39:533 183. Schroeder, H. A., D. V. Frost, and J. J. senic in South African marine products. 541. Balassa. 1970. Essential trace metals in Fishing Ind. Res. Inst. (Cape Town), 8th 212. Venkataraman, R.. and S. T. Chari. 1957. man: Selenium. J. Chron. Dis. 23:227-243. Annu. Rep. of the Director, p. 19. Amino-acid composition of some marine 184. Schroeder. H. A., J. J. Balassa, and \. H. 197. Sumner, A. K., J. G. Saha, and Y. W. Lee. fishes. Indian J. Med. Res. 45:77-80. Tipton. 1970. Essential trace metals in 1972. Mercury residues in fish from Sas 213. Watson, V.K , and C.R. Fellers. 1935. man: Molybdenum. 1. Chron. Dis. katchewan waters with and without known Nutritive value ofthe blue crab (Callinee/es 23:481-49Y. sources of pollution-1970. Pestic. Monit. sapidlls), and sand crab (Platyoniehlls oce/ 185. Sergeant, D. E., and F. A. J. Armstrong. J.6:122-125. laws Latreille). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 1973. Mercury in seals from eastern 198. Sun, C. T., and W. H. Chang. 1972. A 65:342-349. Canada. 1. Fish. Res. Board Can. 30:843 survey of mercury residue in fish caught by 214. Westoo, G. 1966. Determination of 846. Taiwan's fishing vessels. J. Fish. Soc. methylmercury compounds in foodstuffs. 186. Setna, S. B., P. N. Sarangdhar, and N. V. Taiwan 1(2):31-40. \. Methylmercury compounds in fish, iden Ganpule. 1944. Nutritive values of some 199. Suzuki, K., T. Hayakawa, Y. Hasegawa, tification and determination. Acta Chern. marine fishes of Bombay. Indian J. Med. T.lketomi,andM. Vagi. 1957. Manganese Scand. 20:2131-2137. Res. 32: 171-176. contenloffoodsinJapan. Annu. Rep. Natl. 215. Westoo, G. 1967. Mercury in fish. Var 187. Severy, H. W. 1923. The occurrence of Inst. Nutr. 1:31. Foda 1:1-7. copper and zinc in certain marine animals. 200. Taarland, T., E. Mathiesen, 0. 0vsthus, 216. Westoo, G. 1967. Determination of J. BioI. Chern. 55:79-92. and O. R. Braekkan. 1958. Nutritional val methylmercury compounds in foodstuffs. 188. Shaikhmahmud, F., and N. G. Magar. ues and vitamins of Norwegian fish and II. Determination of methylmercury in 1957. Studies in the nutritive value of fishproducls. [In Norw., Engl. summ.] fish. egg, meat, and liver. Acta Chern. Bombay prawns: I-Chemical composition Tidsskr. Hermetikind. 44:405-412. Scand. 21: 1790- 1800. of prawns. J. Sci. Ind. Res. (India) 201. Takino, M. 1967. Observa~aes sabre a de 217. Westoo, G. 1973. Methylmercury as per 16A:44-46. termina~iio de calcio, magnesio, zinco e centage oftotal mercury in flesh and viscera 189. Shaikhmahmud, F. S., and N. G. Magar. ferro na came de peixe. [In Span., Engl. of salmon and sea trout of various ages. 1961. Studies in the nutritive value of summ.] Bol. Ind. Animal. 24:285-292. Science (Wash., D.C.) 181:567-568. Bombay prawns: Part II-Chemical com 202. Tanikawa, E., and T. Wakasa. 1955. 218. Welterberg, L. 1966. Acute porphyria and position & nutritional constituents of Bom Studies on the nutritive value of the meat of lead poisoning. Lancet No. 7435:498. bay prawns. J. Sci. Ind. Res. (India) sea cucumber (S/iehoplls japoniells 219. Whipple,D. V. 1935. VitaminsA,DandB 20: 157-158. Selenka). VII. Inorganic mailer in the meat in oysters-Effect of cooking upon vita 190. Shuster, C. N., Jr., and B. H. Pringle. of S/iehoplls japaniells. Bull. Fac. Fish., mins A and B.. J. Nutr. 9:163-173. 1969. Trace metal accumulation by the Hokkaido Univ. 6:49-51. 220. Williams, H. A. 1935. Tinand lead in can American eastern oyster, Crassos/rea vir 203. Thomas, R. J., R. A. Hagstrom, and E. J. ned fish. Analyst 60:683-685. giniea. Proc. Natl. Shellfish. Assoc. Kuchar. 1972. Rapid pyrolytic method to 221. Williams, P. M., and H. V. Weiss. 1973. 59:91-103. determine total mercury in fish. Anal. 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MFR Paper 1324. From Marine Fisheries Review, Vol. 40. No.9, September 1978. Copies of this paper, in limited numbers, are available from 0822, User Services Branch, Environmental Science Information Center, NOAA, Rockville, MD 20852. Copies of Marine Fisheries Review are available from the Superin· tendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 for $1. 10 each.

20 Marine Fisheries Review