RUNNING HEAD: TELEVISION EXPOSURE AND NEEDS FOR APPROPRIATE PROGRAMS
3rd IRCMALS Seoul 2019 025-013 Chineephen Malisuwan
Television Exposure and Needs for Appropriate Programs for the Elderly in Three Southern Border Provinces
Chineephen Malisuwan Department of Communication Arts in Digital Broadcast, Yala Rajabhat University [email protected]
Abstract The purposes of this research were 1) to study the behavior of television media exposure and 2) to study the needs of television programs of the elderly in the three southern border provinces. It was a quantitative research and the sample group was 356 people from the age of 60 and above who live in the three southern border provinces. The instrument used in this research was questionnaires and the data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The research indicated that the elderly in the three southern border provinces mostly have behavior in watching TV programs for more than 3 hours but not more than 4 hours in the morning (06.01 - 09.00AM.), the exposure to watch television programs with intended to watch by changing to see other channels during unattractive period. They mostly watched television programs with economic contents with the news program type and presented by news story. For the needs of television programs found that, the elderly have a need for news programs which is health program content, presented by news story including having a Malay language program to enhance the understanding for people in the area. The results mentioned above, Office of the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission, Southern Border Provinces Administrative Center, and Free TV stations should make an experiment to make a list of television programs for the elderly in the three southern border provinces. Later, evaluate the lists in order to meet the needs of people in the area as well as in responding to the government's 20-year national strategy which mentioned the issue of stepping into the elderly society completely.
Keywords: Media exposure, needs for appropriate television programs, elderly, Three Southern Border Provinces
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Introduction In Thailand, television is considered the most popular mass media with 98% of television media access which is considered the highest proportion in the Asia Pacific region, and almost a quarter of the television programs that are viewed are the original channels in the analogue television system. (Channel 3, Channel 5, Channel 7, Channel 9, Channel 11 and Thai PBS) (Institute of Research and Development for Public Enterprises, 2015). National Statistical Office, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology conducted a survey of television media exposure of the elderly aged 60 years and above in 1989, 1994, 2003 and 2008. It was found that the exposure rate was 62.9 percent, 73.4 percent, 81.3 percent and 84.6 percent respectively and considered as a higher trend. Television is the media that people in the three southern border provinces are most exposed to. The spreading or reflecting of violent events, by presenting the inaccurate information or creating news with violent dramatization causes people in the three southern border provinces disbelieve in the media (Atthanuchit & Buaneau, 2007). As the three southern border provinces consist of Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala province which located at the southernmost of the country and adjacent to Malaysia with a total population of 2,012,921 people. Most of the population are Muslim with 82. 62 percent, 16. 94 percent of Buddhists and 0. 44 percent of other religions (Christian / Hindu) (Southern Border Province Group, 2017) which is regarded as a multicultural society including ethnic identity. Presentation of information through television programs should therefore take into account the potential impacts, whether the feelings of people of different cultures or the mental state of the elderly in the area. Currently, the entry into aging society affects the changing trend of the global context that is significant to the future development guidelines. Due to the lower birth rate and the longevity of the world's population, the population structure of the elderly will steadily increase. The United Nations has assessed the situation that during the year 2001-2100 will be the century of the elderly. By which developed countries will enter into an aging society completely. The population which is 60 years old above will increase from 600 million in 2000 to 2,100 million in 2050 (Ministry of Social Development and Human Security, 2018). Consistent with the 12th National Economic and Social Development Plan stated about situation and trends of world society regarding the issue of entry into the aging society of the world affects the economy and lifestyle. In 2020, the world population will increase to 7,758 million people. Approximately half will live in Asia. Whereof the changing in demographic of Thailand to enter into the aging society at the greatest level will occur in 2036, with the proportion of the elderly reaching 30 percent (The Prime Minister, 2017). 14th International Conference on Language, Innovation, Culture and Education (ICLICE) & 3rd 140 International Research Conference on Management, Leadership & Social Sciences (IRCMALS) 14th & 15th June, 2019 TELEVISION EXPOSURE AND NEEDS FOR APPROPRIATE PROGRAMS
Giving priority to the elderly in Thailand that affects the elderly in the three southern border provinces proceeding through laws, policies and guidelines for media support started in the year 1999, by establishing the Thai Elderly Declaration. As the United Nations has declared a universal year for the elderly to be a practice and mutual understanding in caring and giving rights to Thai elderly Including the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand BE 2560 in Section 35, Section 71, the national strategy for 20 years in the development and capacity building of people during the elderly, and national strategies for the development and capacity building of human resources by using media and mass media to cultivate values and culture of people in society. Besides that, The 12th National Economic and Social Development Plan (2017- 2021) identifies the preparation to support the population structure that will enter into aging society completely by adhering to the "people-centered development" The Elderly Act 2013 (Revised version 2010), Act on Organization to Assign Radio Frequency and to Regulate the Broadcasting and Telecommunications Services B.E. 2553 (2010), Section 52 and National Elderly Plan No. 2 (2002 - 2021) Revised Edition 1 , 2009, including the Strategic Plan for the Southern Border Provinces Administrative Center (SBPAC) 20 years 2017 - 2579 strategic issue 1 with the goal to solve the problem of the elderly in the three southern border provinces that are more likely to be alone, which the elderly are mostly dependent on economic, social and health (Ministry of Social Development and Human Security, 2010; Office of the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission, 2010; National Elderly Promotion and Coordination Committee, 2010; Relief Welfare Division, 1999; Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, 2016; Office of the Secretary of the National Strategy Committee, 2018; Office of the Strategy Management : Southern Border Provincial Cluster, 2018). As a result, the researcher therefore saw the importance of preparing to support the elderly society, especially the elderly in the three southern border provinces of Thailand with a unique lifestyle different from other areas of the country, to study the behavior of television media exposure and the needs of television programs of the elderly in the three southern border provinces.
Research Questions
1. What are the behaviors of television media exposure of the elderly in the three southern border provinces of Thailand? 2. What are the needs of television programs of the elderly in the three southern border provinces of Thailand?
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Conceptual Framework
Television media exposure behavior of the elderly in the three southern border provinces - Frequency - Period of time - Duration - Characteristics of exposure - Category Television program format for - Content the elderly in the three - Presentation method southern border provinces of - program characteristics Thailand
Demand for TV programs of the elderly in the three southern border provinces - Category - Content - Presentation method - Item style - Air time - Length - Number of sessions - MC - Actors Figure 1. Conceptual Framework.
Literature Review
The Situation of Media Exposure of the Elderly in Thailand Public access to television in Thailand is at 98 percent, which is considered the highest in the Asia-Pacific region and almost 1 in 4 of the TV channels that are viewed are the same programs in the analog TV system (channel 3 , Channel 5 , Channel 7 , Channel 9 , Channel 11, and Thai PBS channel) In general, TV media exposure in Thailand is open daily and is open for more than 3 hours per day. For the rate of TV media exposure of elderly people aged 60 years and above in 1989, 1994, 2003 and 2008 showed that the exposure rate was 62.9 percent, 73.4 percent, 81.3 14th International Conference on Language, Innovation, Culture and Education (ICLICE) & 3rd 142 International Research Conference on Management, Leadership & Social Sciences (IRCMALS) 14th & 15th June, 2019 TELEVISION EXPOSURE AND NEEDS FOR APPROPRIATE PROGRAMS percent and 84.6 percent respectively. The media exposure of the elderly should take into account the frequency, period of time, duration, characteristics of exposure, content type, presentation method, and watching style lists.
Uses and Gratifications Theory Uses and Gratifications Theory is a study of the utilization of the content of television among the elderly in the three southern border provinces of Thailand. This theory is under the framework of Functional perspective. Television is therefore responsible for meeting the needs of the elderly, demand for TV programs of the elderly should take into account the content type, presentation method, item style, airtime, length, number of ranges, emcees and actors
Policies Related to Promoting Television Programs for the Elderly in the Three Southern Border Provinces of Thailand Giving priority to the elderly in Thailand which affects the elderly in the three southern border provinces proceeding through the law, policy and guidelines for media support began in 1999, by establishing the Thai Elderly Declaration. to be a practice and mutual understanding in caring and giving rights to Thai elderly including the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B. E. 2560, the 20-year National Strategy, the Twelfth National Economic and Social Development Plan ( 2017-2021) , the Elderly Act 2013 ( revised 2010) , Act on Organization to Assign Radio Frequency and to Regulate the Broadcasting and Telecommunications Services B.E. 2553 (2010), the Second National Elderly Plan (2002 - 2021) Revised Edition 1, 2009, the 20 Years Strategic Plan of the Southern Border Provinces Administrative Center ( SBPAC) 2017 – 2036, and Southern Border Province Development Plan, 2019 – 2021.
Related Research According to surveys in the Americas, Europe and Asia, television is the media that the elderly is exposed to in daily life. Including Thailand and the three southern border provinces which is considered as an area which is different from other areas of Thailand, in terms of society, culture, ethnicity, and religion. The data collection both personal data and other information for programs producing located in risky areas. It was found that gender, age, education, and income of people in the three southern border provinces which are related to the stations that are open, exposure time, items exposure, frequency of exposure, and reasons of exposure. Besides that, it was found that there was an exposure of entertainment program the most which the television media should have knowledge of tradition, culture and 14th International Conference on Language, Innovation, Culture and Education (ICLICE) & 3rd 143 International Research Conference on Management, Leadership & Social Sciences (IRCMALS) 14th & 15th June, 2019 TELEVISION EXPOSURE AND NEEDS FOR APPROPRIATE PROGRAMS present information from many groups in order not to affect the feelings of people in the area
Research Methodology
Population and Sample Population is 222,699 elderly people in the three southern border provinces, divided into 83,671 people in Narathiwat province, 58,286 people in Yala province, and 80,742 people in Pattani province (Statistics of the number of elderly in Thailand, Department of Elderly Affairs, 2016) Sample Group determination based on the finished table to determine the sample size of Yamane at 95% confidence level. The error is not more than ± 5%, the total number of samples is 400. In the research, the researcher completed a total of 356 sets for processing by using the purposive sampling by randomly sampling data from areas with high economic, educational and communication distribution.
Research Instrument The instrument used in the research was questionnaire. Test Accuracy. After completing the initial questionnaire, the researcher has consulted with statistical experts to examine the structure of the questionnaire, the accuracy of the content, language appropriateness, and the clarity of the question. Confidence test. Before using the experiment with 30 samples of the sample group, the test results were analyzed and the reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by calculating the Cronbach Alpha coefficient by selecting a question with a confidence value of 0.80 and above and correct the defects again.
Data Collection In the data collection, the researcher collected data by using the research assistant selection method that can communicate using the local Malay language in order to create understanding among respondents and make it easier to store information in the three southern border provinces.
Data Analysis Part 1 General data analysis of respondents by using descriptive statistical methods, and the collected data to analyze statistical values which consist of mean, standard deviation, and percentage. Part 2 and 3 Analysis of media exposure behavior and the needs of TV programs of the elderly in the three southern border provinces by using descriptive 14th International Conference on Language, Innovation, Culture and Education (ICLICE) & 3rd 144 International Research Conference on Management, Leadership & Social Sciences (IRCMALS) 14th & 15th June, 2019 TELEVISION EXPOSURE AND NEEDS FOR APPROPRIATE PROGRAMS statistical processing methods. The collected data were analyzed statistically which consists of the mean and standard deviation by presenting information in a tabular format along with descriptions and summaries of research results. Part 4 Recommendations The researcher compiled and integrated the contents systematically to describe in the form of concepts, measurable variables and in the form of quantitative data and bring all the information to be synthesized to lead to conclusions and suggestions.
Findings From the research, the results of the analysis can be presented as follow. 1. The total number of 356 elderly people, mostly 53.40 percent of men, 93.80 percent of the Muslims, aged between 60 - 69 years old, 82.87 percent have primary school education, and 79.80 percent of them are farmers. Moreover, 74.40 percent with an average monthly income of 10,001 - 20,000 baht, and 97.80 percent of marital status 2. Television media exposure behavior of the elderly in the three southern border provinces, the details are as follows.
The frequency of watching television programs
1-2 days per week 3-4 days per week 5-6 days per week Percentage
Everyday
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Figure 2. The percentage of the frequency of watching television programs.
From figure 2, it was found that the elderly mostly watches TV programs every day 54.20 percent, followed by watching television programs 1-2 days a week 27.00 percent, 3-4 days a week 10.70 percent, and 5- 6 days per week 8.10 percent respectively.
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The length of watching television programs
Less than 1 hour More than 1 hour but not more than 2 hours More than 2 hours but not more than 3… Percentage More than 3 hours but not more than 4… More than 4 hours
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Figure 3. The percentage of the length of watching television programs.
From figure 3, it was found that most of the elderly spent more than 3 hours watching television programs but not more than 4 hours 50.60 percent, followed by more than 2 hours but not more than 3 hours 30.90 percent, and more than 4 hours 12.10 percent respectively.
The duration of watching television programs
Late night (10.01 p.m. - 03.00 a.m.) Early evening (07.01 p.m. - 10.00 p.m.) Evening (04.01 p.m. - 07.00 p.m.) Afternoon (12.01 p.m. - 04.00 p.m.) Percentage Mid morning (09.01 a.m. - 12.00 p.m.) Morning (06.01 a.m. - 09.00 a.m.)
Early morning (03.01 a.m. - 06.00 a.m.)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Figure 4. The percentage of the duration of watching television programs.
From figure 4, it was found that most of the elderly watch television programs in the morning (06.01 A.M. - 09.00 A.M.) 36.67 percent, followed by the time spent watching television programs during the early evening (07.01 P.M. - 10.00 P.M.) 24.00 percent and during mid-morning (09.01 A.M. - 12.00 P.M.) 23.07 percent respectively.
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The characteristics of television exposure
unintended to watch by doing other activities together Intended to watch by changing to other channels during unattractive period Percentage Intended to watch without changing the channel until the end of the program.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Figure 5. The percentage of characteristics of television exposure.
From figure 5 , it was found that most of the elderly had characteristics of exposure to watch television programs with intended to watch by changing to see other channels during unattractive period 57.90 percent, followed by exposure in watching television programs with unintended to watch by doing other activities together 25.30 percent, and having the characteristics with intended to watch without changing the channel until the end of the program 16.90 percent respectively.
Figure 6. The percentage of television programs categories.
From figure 6 , it was found that the elderly mostly watches news programs type 55.84 percent, followed by entertainment programs 22.24 percent, and knowledge type 19.09 percent respectively.
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The contents of the television programs
Environment
Old songs
New Technology
Agriculture
History Percentage
Tourism
Welfares
Economy
Health
0 5 10 15 20
Figure 7. The percentage of television programs contents.
From figure 7 , it was found that the elderly mostly watches programs with economic content 18.97 percent, followed by agricultural content 16.78 percent, and the contents which related to health 15.80 percent respectively. Presentation Methods
Others Content - entertainment Quiz / Competition Comedy Reality show Game show Personal biography Movie Percentage Drama Variety Documentary Discussion Interview Story telling News analysis 0 5 10 15 20 25
Figure 8. The percentage of television programs presentation methods.
From figure 8 , it was found that the elderly mostly watches the program presented by the story telling 23.70 percent, followed by news analysis 20.47 percent, and the program presented the news by interviewing 15.80 percent respectively.
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Types of television programs
Others Type of dissemination of knowledge and skills of the elderly to society Type of raising the elderly who are good people of the society Percentage Type of satirical humor
Type of semi-historical period
Type of historical period 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Figure 9. The percentage of television programs types.
From figure 9 , it was found that most elderly watches the program in the manner of dissemination of knowledge and skills of the elderly to society 29.12 percent, followed by the program in a manner that glorified the elderly who are good people of society 24.97 percent, and the program in semi-historical period 17.13 percent respectively. 3. The need for television program formats for the elderly in the three southern border provinces, the details are as follows.
Average demand for television programs
Television programs types 4.38
Television programs contents 3.59
Television programs presentation 3.63
The overall television program 3.94
The period of watching television programs with the 3.44 content of the elderly
the length for the television program with the contents 3.94 related to elderly of each programs
The phases in television prgrams for the elderly 3.84
4.42 Master of Ceremony
Actors 4.52
Figure 10. The average demand for television program formats for the elderly in the three southern border provinces. 14th International Conference on Language, Innovation, Culture and Education (ICLICE) & 3rd 149 International Research Conference on Management, Leadership & Social Sciences (IRCMALS) 14th & 15th June, 2019 TELEVISION EXPOSURE AND NEEDS FOR APPROPRIATE PROGRAMS
From figure 10, it was found that the elderly had a high level of demand for television programs when considering each aspect, it was found that the elderly had the highest level of actors' needs. When sorting by average, it was found that the elderly had a need for TV programs for actors, MCs, TV programs, the length of the television program with the content about the elderly for each program, the overall television program, TV programs presentation, TV programs content, and the period of watching television programs with the contents related to elderly respectively.
Discussion
The Behavior of Television Media Exposure of the Elderly in the Three Southern Border Provinces of Thailand Research indicates that the elderly in the three southern border provinces mostly have behaviors in watching television programs every day with the frequency of watching more than 3 hours but not more than 4 hours in the morning (06.01 A.M. - 09.00 A.M.). In accordance with the survey results, both in Thailand and abroad, found that television is the mass media that seniors are exposed to in daily life. Information from Nielsen USA indicates the average in watching TV programs of the elderly is 4-5 hours day. For the Portuguese elderly take more than 21 hours a week (Silvaa et al., 2016). As for the overall picture of Thailand, television media exposure is open every day and is open for more than 3 hours per day (Pekanan, 2013). This is because television can reduce the feeling of separation from external society. Five gratifications have been identified which may provide insight into the television news viewing behaviors of the elderly. The five gratifications are 1. General information seeking 2. Decisional utility 3. Entertainment 4. Interpersonal unity, and 5. Para-social interaction (Hilt, 1997). The elderly in the three southern border provinces mostly have behaviors in watching television programs with economic content. In this regard, the elderly in the three southern border provinces receive programs related to the economy. Due to the current government policy under the administration of General Prayut Chan-ocha, Prime Minister of Thailand aims to create and develop the economy in the southern border provinces to achieve balanced growth in line with the cost and potential of the southern border provinces under the master city project " Stable, Prosperous, Sustainable Triangle", to transform the city with conflict and incomprehensibility to a city that has love and harmony. People of all nationalities and all religions with the goal and visualize the future of the development leading to a collaborative effort to create a good economy and quality of life for people in the area and besides that it is a way to bring people in the southern border provinces to escape the traps of violence 14th International Conference on Language, Innovation, Culture and Education (ICLICE) & 3rd 150 International Research Conference on Management, Leadership & Social Sciences (IRCMALS) 14th & 15th June, 2019 TELEVISION EXPOSURE AND NEEDS FOR APPROPRIATE PROGRAMS from the unrest in the area to the peace and prosperity of progressive economic growth in accordance with the development of the national strategy for 20 years, the Twelfth National Economic and Social Development Plan, National Security Policy 2015-2021, Policy Administration and Southern Border Provinces Development 2017-2019, and Development of Thailand 4. 1 or Thailand 4. 0. Thus, sub-projects under the master city project "Stable, Prosperous, Sustainable Triangle" covered in 5 dimensions which are 1) Development for sustainable self-reliance. 2) Economic prosperity. 3) The well-being of society. 4) Raising the value and dignity of human beings. 5) Environment conservation (Office of the master city project driven "Stable, Prosperous, Sustainable Triangle", 2017).
Demand for Television Programs of the Elderly in the Three Southern Border Provinces of Thailand For issues regarding needs, it was found that the elderly in the three southern border provinces of Thailand focus on actors the most. In accordance with the study of television media exposure of the elderly in an overall picture of Thailand. (Chakkapak & Sajjasophon, 2010). Also, Tanwimonrat (1997) and Apibalsri (1979) indicated that people in the three southern border provinces are interested in watching entertainment programs the most. Due to the unrest situation in the area affecting the mental state, which may be part of the reason they look for a solution to relieve including the elderly feel that television makes them feel they are not left alone and also can relieve depression (Hamer, Poole, & Messerli-Bürgy, 2013). In addition, the elderly has a need for news programs, television programs with the presentation method as news stories and types of television program with the feature of the past history, recalling about the past because the three southern border provinces are considered as pluralism of society, multi-cultural, and ethnic identity. It is more special than other territories in Thailand, because of the relatively high differences in social, cultural, ethnic, and religions. Therefore, there are specific characteristics of people who are bound together by religion and cultural ties for many generations’ people (Ua-amnoey et al., 2005). It is related to the administration policy and development of the southern border provinces focus on creating an environment that is conducive to seeking solutions from conflict. By encouraging to have a discussion of appropriate decentralization approaches which is consistent with the pluralism of society, the constitution and international principles, as well as the national security policy 2007 - 2011 that gives importance to the opening of social spaces for communication, creating awareness of people within the country to realize the burden that everyone must share with the changing situation of the nation and the Public Administration of the Southern Border Provinces Act, 2010, which identifies 14th International Conference on Language, Innovation, Culture and Education (ICLICE) & 3rd 151 International Research Conference on Management, Leadership & Social Sciences (IRCMALS) 14th & 15th June, 2019 TELEVISION EXPOSURE AND NEEDS FOR APPROPRIATE PROGRAMS the management of policies and development of the southern border provinces. It is determined to have important aspects which cover development security by applying the opinions of people in all sectors to use in the preparation, reviewing and improvement of the administration policies and the development of the southern border provinces. Moreover, to build the knowledge and understanding, the change in attitude and access to the culture of people in different areas including the development of skills of government officials in communication screening of information that will lead to the unrest of the people in the area ( Southern Border Provinces Administrative Center, 2014). For the elderly who want to have a presentation about the livelihoods of people in the three southern border provinces, to have channels or news, or programs that are in Malay language in order to enhance understanding for people in the area. It is a matter of using the mass media in order to communicate the truth until it is credible. Depends on the policy of the media organization that must have a goal to present the problem solving, looking at the problems in the South as a problem that needs to be realized continuously, analytically presented, and structured ( Social Communication Committee, 2006; Salamat, 2006; Office of the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission, 2017).
Research Results Application to Television Development for the Elderly in the Three Southern Border Provinces of Thailand Therefore, to be a guideline for the formulation of television programs for the elderly in the three southern border provinces therefore, communication should be applied to create reconciliation between people, which are the elderly, the state and the media that are television media. From research on Communications for Social Harmony in the Three Southern Border Provinces of Srichai (2014) found that, sincerity and knowledge of tradition arts and culture is the main feature of government officers and media workers in the three southern border provinces. And research on Development of Television Programs for the Elderly of Nittipaiboon (2014) which gives the importance to the database on the utilization of television programs of the elderly and the television programs situation for the elderly of television stations. As the information stated above, the researcher created a model for the development of television programs for the elderly in the three southern border provinces of Thailand as follows.
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Figure 11. Model for the development of television programs for the elderly in the three southern border provinces of Thailand
From figure 11, the development of television programs for the elderly in the three southern border provinces of Thailand should come from the cooperation of government agencies in Thailand and the media which is television media. Thus, the government must have good governance for transparency in policy formulation or various requirements while television media should have conscience and ethics in presenting information without taking profit. Especially the programs that provide entertainment, news, economy contents, news stories telling, dissemination of knowledge and skills of the elderly to society including the feature of the past that have conservation of cultural traditions. Whether government or the media, both should act under sincerity and knowledge of traditional arts and culture, and bring the database of television media exposure, demand for television programs, benefits from watching television programs, and television programs situation for the elderly to develop the program format specifically in the three southern border provinces. Currently, Office of the National Broadcasting and Telecommunication Commission ( 2017) emphasized the importance of creating a public-sector network such as Subdistrict headmen, village headmen, volunteers, community leaders for surveillance 14th International Conference on Language, Innovation, Culture and Education (ICLICE) & 3rd 153 International Research Conference on Management, Leadership & Social Sciences (IRCMALS) 14th & 15th June, 2019 TELEVISION EXPOSURE AND NEEDS FOR APPROPRIATE PROGRAMS and check for inappropriate program contents which may affect the feelings of people in the three southern border provinces.
Conclusion and Recommendations Media exposure behavior of the elderly in the three southern border provinces, mostly watch television programs every day, duration of viewing is more than 3 hours but not more than 4 hours in the morning session ( 06. 01 A. M. - 09. 00 A. M.). Moreover, they watched with intended to watch by changing to see other channels during unattractive period. In addition, they watched the news program type, with economic contents and presented by telling the news. Besides that, the programs they mostly watched were in the manner of dissemination of knowledge and skills of the elderly to society. For the television program formats of the elderly in the three southern border provinces, it was found that the elderly had a high level of demand for television programs. More specifically, when considering the details, it was found that the elderly had the highest level of needs in terms of actors. When sorting by average, it was found that the elderly had a need for television programs in terms of actors, emcee, types of television programs, the length of the television program with the content related to the elderly of each program, the overall features of television programs, the presentation methods, the contents of television programs, and the time period of watching television programs with the contents related to the elderly respectively. Moreover, the elderly had a need for the overall of television programs, presentation methods for television programs, television program contents, and the period of time to watch television programs with the contents related to the elderly respectively. Nevertheless, when considering the average at a deeper level, it was found that the elderly had a need for news program type, health program content, presented by news story in Malay language to enhance the understanding for people in the area. Therefore, Office of the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission, Southern Border Provinces Administrative Center and free television stations should make an experiment of television programs for the elderly in the three southern border provinces and evaluate the list to meet the needs of people in the area as well as to respond to the government policy, national strategy for 20 years, the issue of stepping into the elderly society completely.
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14th International Conference on Language, Innovation, Culture and Education (ICLICE) & 3rd 157 International Research Conference on Management, Leadership & Social Sciences (IRCMALS) 14th & 15th June, 2019