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14 ICLICE and 3 IRCMALS May 19 Seoul 2019 RUNNING HEAD: TELEVISION EXPOSURE AND NEEDS FOR APPROPRIATE PROGRAMS 3rd IRCMALS Seoul 2019 025-013 Chineephen Malisuwan Television Exposure and Needs for Appropriate Programs for the Elderly in Three Southern Border Provinces Chineephen Malisuwan Department of Communication Arts in Digital Broadcast, Yala Rajabhat University [email protected] Abstract The purposes of this research were 1) to study the behavior of television media exposure and 2) to study the needs of television programs of the elderly in the three southern border provinces. It was a quantitative research and the sample group was 356 people from the age of 60 and above who live in the three southern border provinces. The instrument used in this research was questionnaires and the data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The research indicated that the elderly in the three southern border provinces mostly have behavior in watching TV programs for more than 3 hours but not more than 4 hours in the morning (06.01 - 09.00AM.), the exposure to watch television programs with intended to watch by changing to see other channels during unattractive period. They mostly watched television programs with economic contents with the news program type and presented by news story. For the needs of television programs found that, the elderly have a need for news programs which is health program content, presented by news story including having a Malay language program to enhance the understanding for people in the area. The results mentioned above, Office of the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission, Southern Border Provinces Administrative Center, and Free TV stations should make an experiment to make a list of television programs for the elderly in the three southern border provinces. Later, evaluate the lists in order to meet the needs of people in the area as well as in responding to the government's 20-year national strategy which mentioned the issue of stepping into the elderly society completely. Keywords: Media exposure, needs for appropriate television programs, elderly, Three Southern Border Provinces 14th International Conference on Language, Innovation, Culture and Education (ICLICE) & 3rd 139 International Research Conference on Management, Leadership & Social Sciences (IRCMALS) 14th & 15th June, 2019 TELEVISION EXPOSURE AND NEEDS FOR APPROPRIATE PROGRAMS Introduction In Thailand, television is considered the most popular mass media with 98% of television media access which is considered the highest proportion in the Asia Pacific region, and almost a quarter of the television programs that are viewed are the original channels in the analogue television system. (Channel 3, Channel 5, Channel 7, Channel 9, Channel 11 and Thai PBS) (Institute of Research and Development for Public Enterprises, 2015). National Statistical Office, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology conducted a survey of television media exposure of the elderly aged 60 years and above in 1989, 1994, 2003 and 2008. It was found that the exposure rate was 62.9 percent, 73.4 percent, 81.3 percent and 84.6 percent respectively and considered as a higher trend. Television is the media that people in the three southern border provinces are most exposed to. The spreading or reflecting of violent events, by presenting the inaccurate information or creating news with violent dramatization causes people in the three southern border provinces disbelieve in the media (Atthanuchit & Buaneau, 2007). As the three southern border provinces consist of Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala province which located at the southernmost of the country and adjacent to Malaysia with a total population of 2,012,921 people. Most of the population are Muslim with 82. 62 percent, 16. 94 percent of Buddhists and 0. 44 percent of other religions (Christian / Hindu) (Southern Border Province Group, 2017) which is regarded as a multicultural society including ethnic identity. Presentation of information through television programs should therefore take into account the potential impacts, whether the feelings of people of different cultures or the mental state of the elderly in the area. Currently, the entry into aging society affects the changing trend of the global context that is significant to the future development guidelines. Due to the lower birth rate and the longevity of the world's population, the population structure of the elderly will steadily increase. The United Nations has assessed the situation that during the year 2001-2100 will be the century of the elderly. By which developed countries will enter into an aging society completely. The population which is 60 years old above will increase from 600 million in 2000 to 2,100 million in 2050 (Ministry of Social Development and Human Security, 2018). Consistent with the 12th National Economic and Social Development Plan stated about situation and trends of world society regarding the issue of entry into the aging society of the world affects the economy and lifestyle. In 2020, the world population will increase to 7,758 million people. Approximately half will live in Asia. Whereof the changing in demographic of Thailand to enter into the aging society at the greatest level will occur in 2036, with the proportion of the elderly reaching 30 percent (The Prime Minister, 2017). 14th International Conference on Language, Innovation, Culture and Education (ICLICE) & 3rd 140 International Research Conference on Management, Leadership & Social Sciences (IRCMALS) 14th & 15th June, 2019 TELEVISION EXPOSURE AND NEEDS FOR APPROPRIATE PROGRAMS Giving priority to the elderly in Thailand that affects the elderly in the three southern border provinces proceeding through laws, policies and guidelines for media support started in the year 1999, by establishing the Thai Elderly Declaration. As the United Nations has declared a universal year for the elderly to be a practice and mutual understanding in caring and giving rights to Thai elderly Including the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand BE 2560 in Section 35, Section 71, the national strategy for 20 years in the development and capacity building of people during the elderly, and national strategies for the development and capacity building of human resources by using media and mass media to cultivate values and culture of people in society. Besides that, The 12th National Economic and Social Development Plan (2017- 2021) identifies the preparation to support the population structure that will enter into aging society completely by adhering to the "people-centered development" The Elderly Act 2013 (Revised version 2010), Act on Organization to Assign Radio Frequency and to Regulate the Broadcasting and Telecommunications Services B.E. 2553 (2010), Section 52 and National Elderly Plan No. 2 (2002 - 2021) Revised Edition 1 , 2009, including the Strategic Plan for the Southern Border Provinces Administrative Center (SBPAC) 20 years 2017 - 2579 strategic issue 1 with the goal to solve the problem of the elderly in the three southern border provinces that are more likely to be alone, which the elderly are mostly dependent on economic, social and health (Ministry of Social Development and Human Security, 2010; Office of the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission, 2010; National Elderly Promotion and Coordination Committee, 2010; Relief Welfare Division, 1999; Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, 2016; Office of the Secretary of the National Strategy Committee, 2018; Office of the Strategy Management : Southern Border Provincial Cluster, 2018). As a result, the researcher therefore saw the importance of preparing to support the elderly society, especially the elderly in the three southern border provinces of Thailand with a unique lifestyle different from other areas of the country, to study the behavior of television media exposure and the needs of television programs of the elderly in the three southern border provinces. Research Questions 1. What are the behaviors of television media exposure of the elderly in the three southern border provinces of Thailand? 2. What are the needs of television programs of the elderly in the three southern border provinces of Thailand? 14th International Conference on Language, Innovation, Culture and Education (ICLICE) & 3rd 141 International Research Conference on Management, Leadership & Social Sciences (IRCMALS) 14th & 15th June, 2019 TELEVISION EXPOSURE AND NEEDS FOR APPROPRIATE PROGRAMS Conceptual Framework Television media exposure behavior of the elderly in the three southern border provinces - Frequency - Period of time - Duration - Characteristics of exposure - Category Television program format for - Content the elderly in the three - Presentation method southern border provinces of - program characteristics Thailand Demand for TV programs of the elderly in the three southern border provinces - Category - Content - Presentation method - Item style - Air time - Length - Number of sessions - MC - Actors Figure 1. Conceptual Framework. Literature Review The Situation of Media Exposure of the Elderly in Thailand Public access to television in Thailand is at 98 percent, which is considered the highest in the Asia-Pacific region and almost 1 in 4 of the TV channels that are viewed are the same programs in the analog TV system (channel 3 , Channel 5 , Channel 7 , Channel 9 , Channel 11, and Thai PBS channel) In general, TV media exposure in Thailand is open daily and is open for more
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