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Mineralization Study of Volcanic Rocks in Colo Volcano Tojo Una-Una Central Celebes

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Mineralization Study of Volcanic Rocks in Colo Volcano Tojo Una-Una Central Celebes E-ISSN 2541-2116 ISSN 2443-2083 Jurnal Geomine, Volume 8, Nomor 3: Desember 2020, Hal. 171 - 180 Mineralization Study of Volcanic Rocks in Colo Volcano Tojo Una-Una Central Celebes Asrafil1*, Abdul Mukaddas1, Teguh Hilmansyah2, Muslimin U Botjing1, Eka Yuliastri1 1. Geological Engineering Study Program, Engineering Faculty, Tadulako University, Indonesia 2. Civil Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Tadulako University, Indonesia *[email protected] ABSTRACT Colo Volcano is an active volcano located on Una-Una Island, Tojo Una-Una Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. Volcanism and magmatism of Mount Colo are still in progress, and this has certainly triggered mineralization in volcanic rocks which is interesting for study. This research aims to reveal the mineralization characteristics of volcanic rocks in the study area. This research was conducted through investigative methods in the form of field observations and laboratory through petrographic and rock chemistry (X-Ray Diffraction analysis) to reveal the presence of alteration minerals as a characteristic of mineralization. The results of this study indicate that the volcanic rocks present are tuff and volcanic breccia in the form of pyroclastic deposits associated with alluvial material and andesite rocks. Identification of alteration minerals through the XRD test shows the presence of hydrothermal alteration minerals with a forming temperature of <300 ° C such as Quartz, Calcite, Clinochlore, Albite, Dickite, Andesine, and K-Feldspar which are classified into Argillic and Propylitic alteration types. Keyword: colo volcano; mineralization; hydrothermal alteration; volcanic rocks. SARI Gunung Colo merupakan gunung api aktif yang berada di Pulau Una-Una Kabupaten Tojo Una- Una Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Vulkanisme maupun magmatisme Gunung Colo masih berproses, dan hal ini tentunya memicu mineralisasi pada batuan gunungapi yang menarik untuk dilakukan studi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap karakteristik mineralisasi pada batuan gunungapi di daerah studi. How to Cite: Asrafil, Mukaddas, A., Hilmansyah, T., Botjing, M.U., Yuliastri, E., 2020. Mineralization Study of Volcanic Rocks in Colo Volcano Tojo Una-Una Central Celebes. Jurnal Geomine, 8(3): 171-180. Published By: Article History: Fakultas Teknologi Industri Submite 15 Oktober 2020 Universitas Muslim Indonesia Received in from 17 Oktober 2020 Address: Accepted 10 Desember 2020 Jl. Urip Sumoharjo Km. 05 Lisensec By: Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Email: [email protected] Copyright © 2020, Jurnal Geomine, Page: 171 E-ISSN 2541-2116 ISSN 2443-2083 Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa batuan vulkanik yang hadir berupa tufa dan brekasi vulkanik dalam bentuk endapan piroklastik yang berasosiasi dengan material aluvial serta batuan andesit. Identifikasi mineral alterasi melalui uji XRD menunjukkan kehadiran mineral-mineral alterasi hidrotermal dengan suhu pembentukan < 300°C seperti Quartz yang umum hadir, Calcite, Clinochlore, Albite, Dickite, Andesine, dan K-Feldspar yang tergolong kedalam tipe alterasi Argilik dan Propilitik.. Kata kunci: gunung colo; mineralisasi; alterasi hidrotermal; batuan vulkanik. INTRODUCTION This volcano is a solitary volcano, separate from a series of Indonesian volcanic routes that stretch from the northern tip of Sumatra - Java - Nusa Tenggara - Molucca and North Sulawesi in Tomini Bay (Chaniago et al., 2004); likewise, Katili and Sudrajat (1989) do not connect between the Quaternary volcanic arc in the North Arm of Sulawesi and the Colo Volcano in Tomini Bay. Hamilton (1979) explained that this volcano from Una-Una Island was formed over the deep Benioff line. The activity of Colo volcano shows that both volcanism and magmatism are still in progress, which has certainly triggered mineralization in the rocks around the volcanic activity. Based on that, an investigative study is needed to provide information and guidance to reveal mineralization in rocks in the Colo volcano area of Una-Una Island. Previous research tracing results found that several previous researchers had studied studies related to Mount Colo focused on tectonic settings (Broom-Fendley S, et al., 2011) and the petrographic approach of mineral alteration that occurred in colo volcano (Amin, et al., 2017). This study examines mineralization in rocks using a petrographic approach and rock chemistry analysis to continue existing research. These methods are used to provide information about the presence of alteration minerals as a feature of mineralization. RESEARCH METHODS The research method was carried out in two stages of the investigation, starting with a survey of geological conditions then followed by a test analysis of rock samples in the laboratory. The following are the stages of research that has been carried out in the study area. Geological Survey A geological survey was conducted to determine the surface geological conditions around Colo volcano. The method used in this activity is through surface geological observations on some rock outcrops found in the field, then recording the outcrops description, taking representative samples and the coordinates of the observation points. Information on geological conditions in the study area is focused on reviewing geological aspects in the form of geomorphology, lithology and structures in the study area. Copyright © 2020, Jurnal Geomine, Page: 172 E-ISSN 2541-2116 ISSN 2443-2083 Laboratory Data Analysis In this research, the laboratory analysis using sample analysis methods in the form of petrography and X-ray diffractometer. The petrographic analysis is performed on rocks to identify minerals in thin incisions under the microscope to determine rock names that refer to rock classifications. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis is needed to determine the types of minerals that are difficult to identify with a microscope (petrography), especially for clay minerals to identify alteration minerals. The X-ray diffraction pattern obtained contains information on intensity, diffraction angle (2θ) and diffraction peak value (Å) which were analyzed qualitatively by referring to the X-ray diffraction pattern list book (Table of Key Lines in X-ray Powder Diffraction Patterns of Minerals) in Clays and Associated Rocks, by Chen (1977). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Geological Condition The geomorphological study conducted by Amin, et al (2017) shows that the geomorphological unit of Una-Una Island consists of four parts. In the middle part is a caldera hill unit which is a pyroclastic deposit from Colo volcano, followed by hills unit from the Colo lava flow, pyroclastics flow hill unit, and Colo lava flow valley unit. Observations in the field show that Una-Una Island, which morphologically consists of a collection of hills and valleys, is the result of volcanic products. The perfect cone morphology as characteristic of volcanoes is invisible. The morphological formation of the hills and valleys was formed by the remnants of the eruption from the Colo Volcano in 1983. The youngest volcanic products are around the caldera lake, bordered by hills to the West and South. The caldera’s morphology from Colo Volcano shows the direction of the opening to the North of Una-Una Island. Volcanostaratigraphic study by Mulyana et al. (2004) shows that there were at least six times the eruptive activity of Colo volcano. Various volcanic products from Colo volcano, both in the form of lava and pyroclastic material are illustrated in the geological map of Mount Colo, as in Figure 1. The volcanic rock from Colo volcano has a rock color variation from gray to light gray. Pyroclastic Bombs are dominated by plagioclase, k-feldspar, hornblende, and biotite with a glass matrix. The composition similar to lava has a porphyritic texture. It is dominated by plagioclase, k-feldspar, hornblende, biotite and mica as phenocrysts with ground mass consisting of glass and plagioclase microlites (Sandjaja, et al., 2018). The volcanic structure that can be found is a caldera structure, where a relatively rounded crater-like morphology is found as a result of the volcanic eruption of Colo in 1983. There is also a volcanic lake that fills the caldera from the eruption of Colo . Copyright © 2020, Jurnal Geomine, Page: 173 E-ISSN 2541-2116 ISSN 2443-2083 Figure 1. Geological of Colo Volcano (modified from Amin, et al., 2017 and Mulyana, et al., 2004) Volcanic Rocks of The Study Area The distribution of volcanic rocks in the study area is quite complex. Mulyana, et al. (2004) and Sendjaja, et al, (2018) stated that volcanic rocks on Una-Una Island are dominated by pyroclastic deposits, both falls and flows and at several points in the field, volcanic breccias and andesite which is an extrusive product from Colo volcano. The pyroclastic sedimentary rock units associated with alluvial deposits with a composition of volcanic material are found along the river basin on Una-Una Island. Appearances in the field indicate that these deposits are composed of volcanic material with sediment sizes varying from gravel-sand to clay. The thickness of the sediment deposits as a volcanic product reaches 12 - 15 meters above the ground. The layers show records of depositional mechanisms (volcanostratigraphy), where at the bottom are fluvially deposited pyroclastic lava deposits, followed by pyroclastic surge and pyroclastic flow deposits, which are quite thick. There are also outcrops of volcanic breccia in some rock contacts with manifestations (hot springs)
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