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SHADOWS and CLOUDS Human Rights in Indonesia – Shady Legacy, Uncertain Future

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SHADOWS and CLOUDS Human Rights in Indonesia – Shady Legacy, Uncertain Future SHADOWS AND CLOUDS Human Rights in Indonesia – shady legacy, uncertain future of person. Article 4: No one shall be held in slavery Article 1: All human beings are born free and equal or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. Article 5: No one shall be subjected to in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Article 6: Everyone has the right to recognition spirit of brotherhood. Article 2: Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, everywhere as a person before the law. Article 7: All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimi- without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, nation to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination. Article 8: Everyone has the right to an effective rem- basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person edy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. by law. Article 9: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, Article 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security December 2010 N°552a H SHADOWS AND CLOUDS Human Rights in Indonesia – shady legacy, uncertain future © Holt Rinehart Winston World Atlas Cover: © courtesy of KontraS Ho Kim Ngo, mother of one of the 16 student activists who were allegedly killed by the Police in the 1999 Semanggi II incident, calling on the government to deliver justice for her son. 2 / Titre du rapport – FIDH Acronyms And terminology � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4 INTRODUCTION � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5 I. SHADOWS FROM THE PAST ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 1�1 A lingering pattern of impunity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 7 1�1�1 Feeble attempts to deal with gross human rights abuses � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 8 1�1�2 the munir case � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 10 1�1�3 Perpetuating impunity through culture: the imposition of an official version of history � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 1�2 the persisting power of the military, and the lack of in-depth security sector reform � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 13 1�2�1 Weak civilian oversight and lingering autonomy of the army � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 14 1�2�2 the outdated territorial command system (koter) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 14 1�2�3 the persistence of military business � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 15 1�2�4 continued impunity of high ranking officers and martial courts � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 16 1�3 insufficient reform of the police � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 16 1�3�1 institutional overlap between army and police � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 17 1�3�2 Police abuse � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 17 1�3�3� A culture of impunity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 18 1�3�4� Police inaction in human rights violations committed by non-state actors � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 18 1�4 Anti-terrorism and human rights abuses � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 19 1�4�1 law 15/2003 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 20 1�4�2 law 15/2003 in practice � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 22 1�4�3 impact of counter-terrorism on intelligence reform � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 28 1�5 enduring violations in Papua � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 29 1�6 A shaky judiciary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 32 1�6�1 the post-reformasi restructuring of the judiciary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 32 1�6�2� the conflict with the Judicial commission � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 33 1�6�3� other lingering issues – corruption and influence peddling � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 34 1�6�3�1 corruption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 34 1�6�3�2 Pressure from political sources � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 34 1�6�4� An increasingly conservative constitutional court � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 36 II. DARK CLOUDS ON THE HORIZON �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 39 2�1 minorities in jeopardy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 39 2�1�1 religious minorities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 40 2�1�1�1 the legal framework � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 41 2�1�1�2 An increasingly reactionary mUi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 44 2�1�1�3 in practice, increased vulnerability of religious minorities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 46 2�1�1�4 the specific case of Ahmadiyahs – systematic persecution � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 48 2�1�2 other minorities at risk � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 50 2�1�3 Human rights defenders � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 51 2�1�4 Attacks on liberal islamic groups � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 51 2�2 Freedom of expression � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 52 2�2�1 legal framework � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 52 2�2�2 Press freedom and extensive use of the defamation clauses � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 53 III. Conclusions and recommandations �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 56 FIDH / Imparsial / KontraS – Shadows and clouds: Human Rights in Indonesia / 3 Acronyms and terminology AGO Attorney general’s office AHRC The Asian Human rights commission BNPT Badan nasional Penanggulangan terorisme (national counter-terrorism Agency of indonesia) BIN Badan intelijen negara (national intelligence Agency of indonesia) CEDAW Convention on the elimination of All Forms of discrimination Against Women DPR Dewan Perwakilan rakyat (the People’s representative council) FPI Front Pembela islam (islamic defenders’ Front) GAM Gerakan Aceh merdeka (Free Aceh movement) HTI Hizbut tahrir indonesia ICCPR International covenant on civil and Political rights ICERD International convention on the elimination of All Forms of racial Discrimination iCG International crisis group Imparsial The indonesian Human rights monitor JI Jemaah islamiyah Kompolnas National Police commission Komnas HAM National Human rights commission of indonesia KontraS The commission for “the disappeared” and Victims of Violence Kopassus Special Force command (of the indonesian military) LBH Lembaga Bantuan Hukum (legal Aid institute) LIPI The indonesian institute of science LSF Film censorship
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