2208 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 22,
POSTMASTERS. mons consent standing by itself; but nothing is in order when CONNECTICUT. the motion to adjourn is made. Augustus G. Ising to be postmaster at Danbury, in the county Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I was merely anxious to get of Fairfield and State of Connecticut. the two together if I could, Mr. Speaker. ILLINOIS. Mr. PAYNE. I call for the regular order. Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Then I ask unanimous con· M.S. Brown to be postmaster at Brighton, in the county of Ma sent, this being the 22d day of February, that the Clerk may read coupin and State of illinois. from the Clerk's desk George Washington's Farewell Address to William T. Thorp to be postmaster at Litchfield, in the county the American people. of Montgomery and State of illinois. Mr. PAYNE. I demand the regular order, Mr. Speaker. Th""DIANA. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Mississippi asks unani Edwin S. Gilbert to be postmaster at Indiana Harbor in the mous consent that George Washington's Farewell Address be county of Lake and State of Indiana. ' read at the Clerk's desk. Is there objection? James E. Zook to be postmaster at Lima, in the county of La Mr. PAYNE. I demand the regular order. grange and State of Indiana. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New York demands the l'<""EBP.ASKA. regular order. · Treyanyon L. Mathews, of Nebraska, to be United States Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Mr. Speaker marshal for the district of Nebraska. The SPEAKER. The regular order is demanded. NEW Jli:RSEY. Mr. WILLIAMS of Mjssissippi. I want to make a parliamen· Charles F. Hopkins to be postmaster at Boonton, in the county tary inquiry. of Morris and State of New Jersey. The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state it. Andrew Mercer to be postmaster at Lodi, in the county of Ber . Mr. WILLIAMS of ~lississippi. Would it be in order to put gen and Ste.te of New Jersey. mto the shape of a motion what I have asked unanimous consent NEW YORK. for? The SPEAKER. Not against the demand for the regular Seth .Allen to be postmaster at Dannemora, in the county of order. Clinton and State of New York. Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Then, Mr. Speaker, I will move what is in order. I move that in memory of George Wash· HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. ington this House do now adjourn. '_fh~ SPEAKER. That motion is not in order. [Laughter.] 1\fo~TDAY, February 22, 190./j. It Is m order to move that the House do now adjourn. The House met at 12 o'clock m. Mr. WILLIAMS of M~sissippi. Then, Mr. Speaker, I move 'fhe Chaplain, Rev. HENRY N. CouDRN, D. D., offered the fol- that the House do now adJourn; and the country will understand lowing prayer: . the issue. Infinite and eternal Spirit, ever present in the hearts of men to The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Mississippi moves that inspire, uphold, sustain, and guide, we bless Thee for the truly the House do now .adjourn. great and noble who have been susceptible to the heavenly in The question was taken; and the Speaker announced that the fluence and who have builded even better than they knew for noes seemed to have it. succeeding generations. Our minds turn to-day to him whom we Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Division, Mr. Speaker. delight to call the "Father of his Country," and a nation will The question was taken; and there were-ayes 66; noes 85. pour out its gratitude to Thee for his character and his deeds as a Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I now call for the yeas and citizen, a soldier, a statesman, and follower of the Jesus of Naza nays. reth, and every lover of liberty the world round will sing his Mr. TAWNEY. A parliamentary inquiry. praise, whose name has become the synonym for wisdom, purity, The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state it. a.nd goodness. Mr. TAWNEY. Would it be in order forme to read a motion Help us, we beseech Thee, susceptible to that same influence that w~s ma.de by a Democra!J.c Member .from New York [Mr. to go forward to larger life and grander achievements; and Thin~ Cummmgs] m the second sessiOn of the Fifty-third Congress on be the praise, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. the 22d day of February? The Journal of the proceedings of Saturday la.st was read and Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I demand the regular order. The SPEAKER. The Chair thinks debate is not in order. approved. The yeas and nays were ordered . .AMENDMENT OF LAW IN RELATION TO TAXATION IN DISTRICT OF The question was taken; and there were-yeas 93 nays 104 an· COLUMBIA. swered present 10, not voting 175, as follows: ' ' Mr. COWHERD. Mr. Speaker, I ask that House bill8690 to amend the law relating to taxation in the District of Columbia, YEAS-93. Aiken, Gold!ogle, Lloyd, Shull, be re-referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. Bartlett, Goulden, McCreary, Pa. Sibley, The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Missouri asks unani Bassett, Greggh McDermott, Sims mous consent that House bill8690, now on the Calendar, be taken BealL, Tex. Griffit , McLain, Smith, Kv. Benny, Hamlin, Maynard, Smith, Tex. from the Calendar andre-referred to the Committee on the Dis Benton, Hardwick, Miers, Ind. Snook, trict of Columbia. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The Bowers, Hay, Moon, Tenn. Spnrk.Inan, Chair hears none. Bowie. Henry,Tex. Padgett, Stanley, Brundidge, Hill, Miss. Patterson,N.O. Stephens, Tex. ORDER OF BUSINESS. Burgess, Hitchcock, Patterson, Pa. Sullivan, Mass. Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Mr. Speaker- Caldwell, Howard Patterson, Tenn. Talbott, Candler, Hugbes,N.J. Pujo, Tate, The SPEAKER. For what purpose does the gentleman rise? Cochran. Hunt, Re1d, Thayer, Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Mr. Speaker, I rise for the Cooper, Tex. Johnson, Richardson, Ala. Thomas, N.O. purpose of making a motion to adjourn. I ask, Mr. Speaker, that Cowherd, Joncs1 Va. . Rixey, Underwood, Dickerman, Kitchin, Wm. W. Robb, Walla.ce, the Clerk read the Farewell Address of George Washington, and Field, Kline, Robinson, Ark. Webb, that immediately upon the termination of the reading the House Fitzgerald, La.mar,Fla. Robinson, Ind. Weisse, Fitzpatrick, L~unar,Mo. Russell, William!!', Til. adjourn. Flood, Lever, Ryan, WilliaiiU\ Miss. Mr. PAYNE. I make the point of order that that motion is Garner, Lewis, Scarborough, Wynn. not in order. Gilbert, Lind, Shackleford, The SPEAKER. The Chair sustains the point of order as to Gillespie, Little, Sheppard, the motion. The Chair will submit the request for unanimous Glass, Livingston, Shober, consent, if the gentleman desires that to be submitted. NAYS-104. Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Aparliamentaryinquiry,Mr. Adams, Wis. Butler, Pa. Fordney, Hermann, Alexander, Campbell, Foss, Hill, Conn. Speaker. Would it not be in order to move that at the expiration Allen, Cooper,Pa.. Foster, Vt. Hogg, of a certain time the House adjourn? Then if that be true, is it not Babcock, Curri.er, Fuller, Holliday, in order that at the expiration of a certain contingency the House Beidle;~ Curtis, Gibson Humphrey, Wash.. Birdsn.u, Cushman, Gillet, k Y. Hunter, adjourn? Bonynge, Dalzell, Gillett, Mass. Jenkin..<~, The SPEAKER. There are these motions: To adjourn, to ad- Boutell, Daniels, Goebel, Jones, Wash. journ to a day certain, and a motion to take a recess. Bradley, Davidson. Groff, Kinkaid, .Brandegee, Davis, Minn. Grosvenor, Knapl!, Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Now, Mr. Speaker, I move Brick, Deemer, Hamilton, Knopf, that the House do adjourn. Pending that, I submit my request Brown, Wis. Dovener, Haugen, Lacey, for unanimous consent. I ask unanimous consent that the Clerk Buckman, Draper, Hedge, Lanning, Burke, Dresser, Hemenway, La.wrer.ce, may read-- Burkett, Dunwell, Henry, Conn. Lilley, The SPEAKER. The Chair will submit the request for unani- Burton, Esch, Hepburn, Loud. 1904. OONGRESSION.A.L RECORD-HOUSE. 2209
Lovering, Murdock, Scott, Stafford, Mr. ACHESON with Mr. BADGER. McCall, Olmsted, Shiras, Steenerson McCleary, Minn. Overstreet, Slemp, Stevens, Minn.1 Mr. SAMUEL W. SMITH with Mr. RANDELL of Texas. McLachlan, Parker, Smith, Iowa Sulloway, Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH with Mr. ROBERTSON of Louisiana. McMorran, Payne, Smith, Nt"Y. Tawney, Mr. BARTHOLDT with Mr. JAMES. Mn.rshs.ll, Pearre, Smith, Pa. Thomas, Iowa 1\fetcaJ.f, Perkins, Southard, Volstead, Mr. KETCHAM with Mr. CLARK. :Minor, Powers, Mass. Southwick, Watson, Mr. BINGHAM with Mr. MADDOX. Mondell, Prince, Spalding, Wilson, llL Mr. WOODYARD with Mr. LIVERNASH. Mudd, Roberts, Sperry, Young. Mr. LrrrA.UER with Mr. SULLIVAN of New York. ANSWERED "PRESENT "-10. Mr. ADAMS of Pennsylvania with Mr. KETJHER. Adamson, Kehoe, Lucking, Powers, Me. Mr. BURTON with Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee. Cassel, Kr.le, Mahon, Cassingham, Littlefield, Meyer, La. Mr. LILLEY with Mr. KLUTTz. NOT VOTING-175. Mr. BROWN of Pennsylvania with Mr. BELL of California. Acheson Dixon, Kitchin, Claude Rider, Mr. DICK with Mr. BURNETT. Adams, Pa. Dougherty, Kluttz, Robertson, La. Mr. COUSINS with Mr. WADE. Ames, Douglas, Lafean, Rodenberg, Mr. HUFF with Mr. Il.ARRISON. BMger, Driscoll, Lamb, Rucker, Baker, Dwight. Landis,Chas.B. Ruppert, Mr. HoWELL of New Jersey with' Mr. SULZAR. Bankhead, Emerich, Landis,Frederick Scudder, Mr. MANN with Mr. SwANSON. Bartholdt, Evans, Legare, Sherley, Mr. MORRELL with Mr. RIDER. Bates, Finley, Lester, Sherman, Bede, Flack, Lindsay, Slayden, Mr. HINsHAw with Mr. GRIGGS. Bell, CaL Foster, ill. Littauer Small, Until further notice: Bingham, Fowler, Livernash Smith, ill. Mr. BURLEIGH with Mr. BRANTLEY, Bishop, French, Longworth, Smith, Samuel W. Bowersock, Gaines, Tenn. Lorimer, Smith, Wm. Alden Mr. STERLING with Mr. MACON. Bmntley, Gaines, W.Va. Loudenslager, Snapp, Mr. KYLE with Mr. GARBER. Breazeale, Garber, McAndrews, Southall, Mr. CASSEL with Mr. GoocH. Brooks, Gardner, Mass. McCarthy, Spight, Broussard, Gardner, Mich. McNary, Sterling, Mr. VANVOORHIS with Mr. CASSINGHAM. Brown~ Pa. Gardne1A~.J. Macon, Sullivan, N.Y. Mr. LORIMER with Mr. McANDREws. Browruow, Gillett, \..olU. Maddox, Sulzer, Mr. WACHTER with Mr. DENNY. Burleigh, Gooch, Mahoney, Swanson, Burleson, Granger, Mann, Taylor, Mr. GILLETT of California with Mr. VANDuZER. Burnett. Greene, Marsh. Thompson, Mr. LITTLEFIELD with Mr. SMALL. Butler, :Mo. Griggs, Martin, Tirrell, Mr. HITT with Mr. DINSMORE. Byrd, Gudger, Miller, Townsend, Calderhead, Harrison, Moon, Pa. Trimble, Mr. SNAPP with Mr. MAHONEY. Capron, Haskins, Morgan, Vandiver, Mr. CAPRON with Mr. GRANGER. Clark, Hearst, Morrell, VanDuzer, Mr. PORTER with Mr. SCUDDER. Clayton, Hildebrant, Needha.~ Van Voorhis, Connell, Hinshaw, Nevin, Vreeland, Mr. MAHON with Mr. HOUSTON. Conner, Hitt Norris, Wachter, Mr. WADSWORTH with Mr. LAMB. Cooper, Wis. Hopkins, Otis, Wade, Mr. CROMER with Mr. ZENOR. Cousins, Houston.z. Otjen, Wadswor~ Mr. Orrs with Mr. RHEA.. Croft, Howell,~.J. Ps.ge, Wanger, Cromer, Howell, Utah Palmer, Warner, Mr. TOWNSE....'ill with Mr. LUCKING. Crowley, Huff, Pierce, Warnock, Mr. PoWERS of Maine with Mr. SHERLEY. Crumpacker. Hughes, W.Va. Pinckney, Weems, Darragh, Hull, Porter, Wiley, Ala. Mr. WRIGHT with Mr. !IE.A.RsT. Davey, La. Humphreys, Miss. Pou, Wiley, N.J. Mr. BEDE with Mr. RANSDELL of Louisiana. Davis, Fla. Jackson, Md. Rainey, Williamson, Mr. HULL with Mr. WILEY of Alabama. Dayton, Jackson, Ohio Randell, Tex. Wilson, N.Y. De Armond, James, Ransdell, La. Woodyard, Mr. EvANS with Mr. CROWLEY. Denny, Keliher, Reeder, Wright, Mr. PALMER with Mr. CLAYTON. Dick, Kennedy, ~ea., Zenor. Mr. GARDNER of :Michigan with Mr. TAYLOR of Alabama. Dinsmore, Ketcham, Richardson, Tenn. Mr. HUGHES of West Virginia with Mr. KEHOE. So the motion was rejected. Mr. BROWNLOW with Mr. PIERCE. The Clerk announced the following pairs: Mr. HILDEBRANT with Mr. RucKER. For this day: For the session: Mr. RODENBERG with Mr. TRIMBLE. Mr. W .ANGER with Mr. ADAMSON, Mr. VREELAND with Mr. BUTLER of Missonri. Mr. CURRIER with Mr. FINLEY. M1·. TIRRELL with Mr. VANDIVER. Mr. SHERMAN with Mr. RUPPERT. Mr. WARNOCK with Mr. LEGARE. Mr. DAYTON with Mr. MEYER of Louisiana. Mr. WARNER with Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. The result of the vote was then announced as above recorded. Mr. REEDER with Mr. THOMPSON. Mr. MILLER with Mr. SPIGHT. NAVAL .A.PPROPRIA.TION BILL. Mr. MARTIN with Mr. SOUTHALL. Mr. FOSS. Mr. Speaker, I move that the Honse now resolve Mr. MARSH with Mr. SLAYDEN. itself into Committee of the Whole Honse on the state of the l\Ir. LOUDENSLAGER with Mr. RANSDELL of Louisiana. Union for the further consideration of the naval appropriation 1\Ir. LoNGWORTH with Mr. Pou. bill. Mr. FREDERICK LANDIS with Mr. RAINEY. The motion was agreed to. Mr. LA.FEAN with Mr. PINCKNEY. Accordingly the House resolved itself into Committee of the Mr. KE...~Y with Mr. PAGE. Whole Honse on the state of the Union, with Mr. HEPBURN in tha Mr. HAsKINS with Mr. WILSON of New York. chair. Mr. GREENE with Mr. LINDsAY. The CHAIRMAN. The Honse is now in Committee of the Mr. GAINES of West Virginia with Mr. HUMPHREYS of Missis- Whole House on the state of the Union for the consideration of sippi. House bill12220, the naval appropriation bill.' Mr. FowLER with Mr. HoPKINS. Mr. FOSS. Mr. Chairman, how much time have we had for gen Mr. CHARLES B. L~DIS with Mr. DE ARMOND. eral debate on this side, how much is there left on the majority Mr. SmTH of Illinois with Mr. GUDGER. side, and how much is there left on the other side? Mr. DRISCOLL with Mr. ElmRICH. The CHAIRMAN. There is one hour and fiveminntes remain Mr. DouGLAS with Mr. DouGHERTY. ing on the side of the committee and one honr and twenty min Mr. 0TJEN with Mr. DA.VIS of Florida. utes on the opposite side. Mr. D.A.RRA.GII with Mr. CROFT. Mr. MEYER of Louisiana. Mr. Chairman, I yield thirty min Mr. CRUMPACKER with Mr. BYRD. utes to the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. RIXEY]. Mr. CooPER of Wisconsin with Mr. DA.VEY of Louisiana. Mr. RIXEY. Mr. Chairman, I was somewhat surprised to ob Mr. CALDERHEA.D with Mr. BURLESON. serve in the pnblic press that the Secretary of the Navy, in his Mr. CONNER with Mr. LESTER. address at the Lincoln banquet in New York a few days ago, Mr. BROOKS with Mr. CLAUDE KITCHIN. seemed to treat the support of the Navy in a partisan way. In Mr. GA.RD~ER of Massachusetts with Mr. McNARY, the conrse of his address he said: Mr. NEEDHA.M with Mr. FosTER of illinois. A few days ago I should not have considered that the policy of naval prog Mr. BOWERSOCK with Mr. BROUSSARD. ress was at all open to partisan discussion. Mr. BISHOP with .Mr. BREA.ZE.ALE. And further on in his remarks: Mr. BATES with Mr. BAKER. I have not lost hope ths.t the policy of increasing our power upon the sea Mr. MORGAN with Mr. BANKHEAD. will be continued, whatever party may be in control af the National Admin- XXXVIII-139 I 2210 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 22,
istration, but I confess that I look with apprehension upon the observations which were offered the other day by the most powerful leader o! the Demo This bill carries over $96,000,000 for the support of the naval cratic party now in public life. When the Senator from Maryland was re establishment for the year 1905, and with Senate amendments it turned by his State to his place in the Senate his party associates conferred will be easily a round one hundred millions. The estimates sent upon him the extraordmary compliment of makin~ him their leader in that in by the different bureaus amounted to over 150,000,000, but bOdy. His power1 ~orce ;tmowledge, experience 1ll public affairs, and un . questioned lea.dersnip of 1nis party entitle e>erything he says to consideration these were cut or scaled down by the Secretary and the Naval and respect. Committee. The present bill is fourteen millions more than for The Secretary of the Navy did not favor his auditors with the 1904. observations of the Senator from Maryland which have caused At its present rate of increase we may expect the annual navy him to be so apprehensive that he had almost lost hope. It is at appropriation bill to carry $150,000,000 within the next ten first sight somewhat strange that the Secretary of theNavy should years. be apprehensive on account of these observations by the Senat.or The chairman of the Appropriations Committee may well an who, he says, is easily the leader of his party. These apprehen nounce to the House, as he did the other day, that the revenues sions of the honorable Secretary, I suppose, can be accounted for for 1905 wo11;ld .probably not be sufficient by forty millions to meet upon the theory that he sees approaching in the near future a the appropnations for that year. What may we expect in ten convention of the two great political parties, and, with his pro years at the present exorbitant increase in expenses due to the ex phetic eye, he sees that this Senator, who, he says, is easily the pansive and expensive imperialism of the present Republican leader of his party, may be selected as the standard bearer, and Administration? then he remembers that within a few months more we are to have With this bill we lay the foundation for a great naval station a general election, and, with the same prophetic eye, he sees that at Guantanamo, Cuba, to cost, acc01·ding to the estimates, over this standard bearer at the head of his great party will be easily $12,000,000. A coaling station at that point to cost half a million successful at the polls. dollars is all that is required. Costly naval stations we now ha-ve Mr. Chairman, in this view, in view of the fact that he may be along our own coast, at New Orleans, La., Pensacola, Fla., and transferred from a forum where he is in the minority to a forum Charleston, S. C., and there is no earthly necessity for another in where he would be in a position to direct to some extent the poli foreign territory so close to our own shores. cies of the country, the observations of the Senator from Mary The bill also provides for the establishment of a naval station land do become of some consequence to the country, and. as the at Olongapo, in the Philippine Islands, estimated to cost by differ honorable Secretary did not give them, I will ask the Clerk to ent naval boards all the way from thirty millions down to ten read from the RECORD of the dates of February 3 and February millions, though Admiral Dewey says that $800,000 should estab 4: the observations on the naval establishment as made by the lish all the station we need there. Senator from Maryland. Expansion is indeed a stirring theme with which to fire the na The Clerk read as follows from the RECORD of February 3: tional heart, but in practice it is expensive. For this great Navy Congress is now urged to provide a general It may be that. now that we have entered upon the control of islands 8, This accounts in large part for the increase in cost of the naval tural classes greatly improved. These twenty-five milli0ns can establishment from about $25 ,000,000 in Cleveland's Administra be saved from the one hundr11dmillions for the Navy1 and yet its tion to $100,000,000 in the present. efficiency not be lessened. Is it not time to call a halt for at lea-st one year? Does anyone Let the people demand economy in the matter of the Army, believe that any interest would be injured or jeopardized by Navy, and pensions, and $50,0CO,OOO could be annually applied to eliminating from this bill the provision for the three g1·eat battle internal irilprovements which more especially concern the country ships costing $21,000,000? . districts. I am not a sectional or class legislator, but when fa The average cost of keeping a battle ship in commission in time vored interests are growing fat upon the favor and smiles of the of peace ia between $400,000 and $500,000 a. year, and on the GoYernment, I favor an insistence by the great agricultural in Asiatic station an ave1·age of $522,000 a year. An armored cruiser terests, stretching from ocean to ocean, of some respect and con costs to keep in commission $443,761 a year, and a protected sideration for their happiness, their prosperity, and perhaps their cruiser costs to keep in commission an average of $305,168.82 a year. very existence. Without good roads, farm life is not attractive, On the motion of the Democratic members of the Committee on and our young people leave it. Make it attractive, and thus keep Naval Affairs, certain inquiries were propounded to the bureau our young people and draw others from the great cities. chiefs of the Navy Department on the question as to whether Let the farmer prosper and the balance of mankind will not ships depreciated more rapidly '"in commission" or "in ordi suffer. Had the hundreds of millions spent upon Cuba and the nary" (out of commission) and properly cared for, and what Philippine Islands been spent in public utilities within the conti would be the difference in the cost. nentallimits of the United States it is perhaps not too much to The weight of the responses showed that the ships would depre say that every great thoroughfare within the United States could ciate less rapidly "in ordinary" than when "in commission;" have been made rivals of the magnificent roads of Rome and that instead of the cost of nearly half a million dollars a year to Greece of ancient times and of France in modern times. Let keep one of these big ships in commission, it could be kept in as the people demand less of imperialism and Asiatic expansion and good condition "in ordinary" at a. cost of from one-fifth to one more consideration for and improvement of the conditions of the tenth per annum. taxpayer at home. [Loud applause.] I suggest the following as making for economy, without lessen The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Lonisiana- ing the efficiency of the Navy: Mr. MEYER of Louisiana. Does the gentleman from Illinois First. Let some of the ships go out of commission, or "in ordi desire to have me proceed? nary." as it is called, with sufficient crew to keep them in good Mr. FOSS. Yes. condition and ready for service on twenty-four hours' notice. Mr. MEYER of Louisiana.. Mr. Chairman, I yield fifty min In this way several millions can annually be saved without detri utes of the time remaining to the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. ment. Great Britain does this. Why should we not follow her SNOOK]. example when it makes for economy, as well as when it makes Mr. SNOOK. Mr. Cha~an, before beginning my remarks, I for display? ask unanimous consent to revise and extend them. Second. Eliminate the provision for 3,000 men provided for in The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Ohio asks unanimous this bill. We now have more men than is necessary to man ships consent to extend and revise his remarks. Is there objection? that will be ready for several years, and sufficient men to keep There was no objection. in commission and " in ordinary" all ships now authorized. Mr. SNOOK. Mr. Chairman, I will further ask that I may be Third. Let the building programme for the three great ships, to allowed to proceed without interruption, as I have a line of argu cost $21,000,000, go out, certainly for this year. ment that I should like to follow, and my time is limited. Fourth. Cut out the provision for the great naval station in The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman declines to be interrupted Guantanamo, Cuba, to cost $12,000,000, and provide only for a during his remarks. coaling station at that place. Mr. SNOOK. Mr. Chairman, in the Fifty-seventh Congress the These reforms would result in a. saving of $30,000,000, probably Senate passed what is commonly known as the " ship subsidy " more, and without in anyway affecting the efficiency of the naval bill. It then came before the House Committee on Merchant service. This great sum, saved from this one source, could be Marine and Fisheries for consideration. spent to better advantage in the internal improvements of our After many hearings and much discussion that committee re country. fused to report the measure, thus ending its consideration so far With one hundred million for the Navy, one hundred million as that Congress was concerned. for the Army, and one hundred and fifty million for pensions. However, in the last campaign in my State it was announced we have for the military establishment the appalling total of by the Republican leaders on the stump and given out through $350,000,000 annually-one-half of all the revenues of the Govern the press that the bill was to be passed in the Fifty-eighth Con ment. It is estimated that the agricultural districts contribute gress, and that there was to be no let up on the fight until it had at least one-half of the $700,000,000 annually collected for the sup been enacted into law. port of the Government. What is returned to them? Large sums On the convening of Congress, however, it is made known, have been expended on public buildings in the larger cities and through the utterances of the Republican leaders, as published in on the great rivers and harbors along our coast. the press of the country, that there will be no important general Besides this, Congress by law has taken the proceeds of the legislation during the present session of Congress. No doubt fear public lands belonging to all the people of the United States and ing the result that such legislation might have on the coming applied them to irrigating the arid lands of the Western States. national campaign, the party adopts a policy of delay. It is no wonder that there now g<>E's up a cry from the agricul But now a majority of the Committee on Merchant Marine and tural classes for assistance in the building of the great thorough Fisheries report to this House a. bill to create a commission, whose fares of the country. The National Government has given duty it shall be " to investigate and to report to the Congress on millions of acres of the public domain to assist in building great the first day of its next session what legislation ia desirable for continental railways. Why may it not annually contribute a the development of the American merchant marine and American few million dollars to assist the States in building the important commerce.'' highways over which the United States mail is daily carried? It There can be no doubt as to the intention of the majority to is not a new 'Proposition. In 1811 this Government undertook press a subsidy bill similar to that adopted by the Senate in the the building of the national turnpike from .cumberland, 1\Id., to Fifty-seventh Congress just as soon as Congress shall convene St. Louis, Mo., a. distance of 700 miles, and expended on it about after the national election. There can be little doubt as to what $7,000,000. will be the report of the commission to be appointed, for the ma It is not questioned that Congress has the power. lB there any jority in their report on the bill to create that body practically direction in which the Government can turn its energies and ap say that any other form of legislation except subsidy is futile. ply a small per cent of its revenues which would so benefit the and the Senators who are to have a place on the commission will agricultural classes of the people as in good roads? Instead of be appointed by the father and most ardent advocate of the sub the present proposition for an appropriation of a lump sum of sidy bill adopted by the Senate in the Fifty-seventh Congress. I about $25,000,000, I would suggest at least that amount be set therefore take it that that bill will be the basis of the subsidy aside every year for ten years to aid the States in building roads. legislation offered as the result of the hearing.:; of this commis Twenty-fi.vemillions is only about one twenty-eighth of our total sion. I had the honor to be a memb ~ r of the committee in the reYenues, and surely the people who pay one-half of seven hun last Congress which rejected that measure. dred millions revenue can reasonably ask and expect this dir~t The reasons that then impelled me to join with the majority of appropriation for their benefit. This fund should only be paid the committee in the defeat of the Senate bill I belieye still hold over to the States when they duplicate it. In this way each of good, and inasmuch as I have ne\er given the reasons for my the forty-eight States would hav~ an average of $1,000,000 road action and the subject is again before the House, I desire at t his fund a year. This properly applied for ten years would give us time to offer the reason why I am opposed to subsidy legislation, good roads; fanning lands would be much more attractive, their and in doing so I shaH, therefore. confine what I hav to rmy on value enhanced, and ~ condition and enjoyment of the agricul- the t:Jntundy question to the provisions of i!he bill as it pag£ ed ~e 1904. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2213 Senate in the last Congress, believing that that bill will be the Fifth. Vessels over 5,000 tons and 16 knots and less than 17, 1.9 basis of any new legislation proposed on the subject, and a fair cents per 100 nautical miles sailed per gross ton. sample of all that can be offered. Sixth. Vessels over 5,000 tons and 15 knots and less than 10, 1.7 The necessitv for the restoration of the merchanti marine of our cents per 100 nautical miles sailed per gross ton. country has been apparent to the people for many years. Its Seventh. Vessels over 2,000 tons and 14 knots or over, 1.5 cents cause has been pled with so much force and eloquence by the per 100 nautical miles sailed per gross ton. leaders of my own party for the last quarter of a century that I That all of the first, second, third, fonrth, and fifth classes shall must confess at the outset that I feel almost any course would be be constructed with reference to conversion into anx:iliary cruisers. justified that promises the restoration of the American flag to That all such vessels shall take as cadets or apprentices one the high seas. As early as the year 1884, having just become a American boy nnder 21 years of age for each 1,000 tons gross voter, I remember there came into my hands a speech made on register, and one for each majority fraction thereof, to be edu this subject in this House by the Han. S. S. Cox, of New York. cated in the duties of seamanship. The clear statement of the case made by this eloquent orator, of The second title provides for the payment of a general subsidy the advantages to be gained by my country by possessing a mer to our merchant marine engaged in the foreign trade, and is in chant marine commensurate in size with its population and substance as follows: The Secretary of the Treasury is directed wealth, an argument which I believe has never been surpassed, to pay, subject to the provisions of the bill, to the owners of left a lasting impression on my mind which has become more American-built vessels engaged in the foreign trade, on each fu:ed by the passing of years. entry, not exceeding sixteen in one year, both sail and steam, 1 Therefore, when I find men so widely experienced in business cent per gross ton for each nautical mile sailed. By Senate amend and legi&lation, whom I know to be honest and unselfish in their ment this compensation is confined to vessels of over 1,000 gross devotion to their country, whom I am confident devoutly believe tons on each entry, not eEeeding sixteen in one year. that they are about to a~complish by subsidy legislation that On each vessel of over 1,000 gross tons made and registered after which so many of the wisest and best of my own party have so the passage of the act for a period of five years after registration often asserted to be a. necessity, I repeat that it is with the ut one-fourth of 1 cent per ton for each 100 nautical miles sailed in most diffidence that !undertake the opposition of sucha.measnre. addition to the foregoing 1 cent per gross ton. It is true that the people of my party have demanded the restora This compensation shall not be allowed- tion of the merchant marine to the high seas, and for twenty-five First. To a. vessel whose voyage is less than 150 miles n·om her years and more have advocated measures which seem to them to port of departure from the United States. promise this end. While they have been persistent in endeavor Second. To a vessel on a voyage less than one-half of the whole ing to attain this object, they have never believed that it could length of which shall have been on a sea between a port of the be accomplished by subsidirlng shipowners and shipbuilders, nor United Stat-es and a foreign port. by voting them a. bounty from the public Treasury. Our leaders Third. To a vessel which shall not be of the class A 1. have held that a. safe regard for precedent and the simplest rules Fourth. To a vessel of which less than one-fourth the crew of equity and justice forbid taking the money which has been shall be American citizens or within the provisions of section raised by taxation on tpe whole people, representing, as it neces 2174, Revised Statutes. sarily does, the fruit of the toil, which theyhavewillinglyyi~lded Fifth. To a barge or canal boat. up as a sacrifice for the benefit of a just and equitable Govern Sixth. To a foreign-built vessel. ment, and bestowing it on any single class that its business may Any vessel before receiving compensation, if required, shall be favored and advanced at the expense of all. carry the United States mails free. The arguments made in favor of such legislation are made up Said vessels before receiving compensation, if required by the in the main with eloquent appeals to our patriotism, ~ they pic Secretary of the Treasury, shall carry apprentices, as provided in ture the advantages and blessings that will follow the flag when title 1. it becomes a daily visitor in the ports of the world. This appeal The owners of vessels receiving compensation shall agree that has accompanied every measure and every argument for the res the Unit-ed States shall have the right to take or employ the ves toration of our merchant marine. It describes the situation. It sels at any time it may deem necessary upon compensating owners. enforces the necessity for relief, but I .submit neither a descrip Title 3 provides there shall be paid to owners of vessels en tion of the depths to which our carrying trade has fallen, the ne gaged in the deep-sea fisheries three months in the year, if one cessity for its restoration, nor a fervid and eloquent picturing of third the crew be citizens of the United States, $2 per gross ton the end thus to be attained give any convincing proof that the per annum, and to citizens engaged as crew three months in a payment of a subsidy will reinstate our country among the lead year $1 per month during time employed. ing maritime nations of the world. We find, therefore, that the first of the titles into which it is The real questions a.t issue are: Is there a necessity at this time divided provides for the payment of mail subsidies and is, in effect, for such legislation? Are its provisions just and equitable to all merely an amendment of the act of 1891, under which our pres the people? Can we as a republic afford to establish the prece ent contracts were made with American ships for foreign mail dent which its enactment will bring about? Will it accomplish service. . . that which its adherents claim for it? That is, will the payment The act of 1891 divided ships into four classes: of a subsidy of itself enable our people to build and maintain a First. Ships of not less than 8,000 tons, with a speed of not less large merchant marine? Will it not enrich a. few shipowners at than 20 knots an hour. · the expense of the taxpayers and permit these owners to form a Second. Ships of not less than 5,000 tons, with a speed of not trust that will reap its profits directly from the public Treasury? less than 16 knots an hour. These are some of the questions that must be answered by the Third. Ships of not less than 2,500 tons, with a speed of not less friends of such a bill and which I propose now to briefly discuss, than 14 knots an hour. and in this discussion I shall confine myself to the provisions of Fourth. Ships of not less than 1,500 tons, with a speed of not the bill as it passed the Senate in the Fifty-seventh Congress. less than 12 knots an hour. · An analysis of that bill shows that it is divided into three heads, The compensation received by the various classes of ships for the first of which in substance provides: . carrying the mails under this act is as follows: That the Postmaster-General is directed to contract with citi First class, not to exceed $4 per mile sailed. zens of the United States for not less than a term of fifteen years Second class, not to exceed $.2 per mile sailed. for carrying mails on American steamships between ports of the Third class, not to exceed $1 per mile sailed. United States and foreign countries, such mail service to be Fourth class, not to exceed 66i cents per mile sailed. equitably distributed among Atlantic, Mexican, Gulf, and Pacific We have already given the classification of ships entitled to en ports, and said contracts to be made with the lowest responsible gage in the carrying of foreign mails under the Senate bill and bidder. the compensation to be paid to each class. Let us see what would All vessels must be American built, owned, and officered; first be the effect of such a change in legislation, when the present con two years, one-fourth; next three years, one-third, and remain tracts made nnde.r the act of 1891 expire and the Government ing time at least one-half of crew must be American citizens. comes to ask for renewal. All ships shall be steel-screwed steamships and divided into the The Commissioner of Navigation has made some interesting following classes, each class being paid compensation as follows: figures on this subject. He tells us that the compensation paid to First. Vessels over 10,000 tons and 20 knots or over, 2.7 cents the St. Paul, a ship of the first class, under the present contract, per 100 nautical miles sailed per gross ton. made under the provisions of the act of 1891, for a trip from New Second. Vessels over 10,000 tons and 19 knots and less than 20, York to Southampton, amounted to $14,564, and that the rate 2.4 cents per 100 nautical miles sailed per gross ton. of compensation fixed for the same ship under the Senate bill -Third. Vessels over 5,000 tons and 18 knots or over, 2.3 cents would be $19,881. Under the present contract we paid the Phila per 100 nautical miles sailed per gross ton. delphia and New Yorlc for each trip from New York to South Fourth. Vessels over 5,000 tons and 17 knots and less than 18, ampton at the rate of $14,556 per trip, while under the Senate bill 2.1 cents per 100 nautical miles sailed per gross ton. this compensation would be increased to $18,238 for the same trip. 2214 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY .22, I shall not undertake to give the exact figures showing the in to the ocean-mail payments for the year 1893, as paid by the crease in cost to the Government of maintaining its present for United States to the .American and British liners, to show that eign mail service und~r the proposed legislation upon the expira the amount received by the English ships is compensatory merely, tion of the present contracts, but the figures already given show and that while that paid by the United States to the American conclusively that this service, taking no account of that to be line is called mail pay it is in the main nothing but a subsidy or gift. established, would be increased fully one-third in the cost of its Although this statement was made by the Commissioner in 1894, maintenance. This increase is most forcibly set forth in a table and he has since undergone a change of heart that has dimmed used by Senator CLAY in his argument against the bill in the Sen his memory, a comparison of the amounts paid for 1901 to the ate during the Fifty-seventh Congress, which is as follows: English and .American lines, respectively, for the same Atlantic This description will give a proper comparison of the routes and services service leads to the same logical conclusion to which he was lead to be performed under the act of 1891 and the present bill. This difference in 1894, and emphasizes the fact that the sums to be paid under can be more forcibly illustrated by giving the amounts per mile that ships the first provision of this bill were not intended to be paid as com would receive for carrying foreign mail under the law of 1891 and the amount ships would receive for the same service under the proYisions of this bill. pensation for carrying the mails, but by far the larger part would First tnke ships with a C!lo:Pacity of 10,000 tons: The 20-knot shiP. under the be a subsidy or gift to ocean liners already in existence, which are a.ct or1 1891 would receive $4 per mile, and under the proposed bill the same now carrying the mails for the Government under contracts long ship would receive $4.'i0 per mile. The 19-knot ship under the law of 1891 woUld receive $2. per mile; the same ship under the proposed bill would re since entered into and which have never up to this time offered ceive $4.36 per mile. any serious complaint that the contracts they voluntarily made A ship with a speed of 16, 17, and 18 knots, under the act of 1891, each would do not adequately compensate them for all services rendered; and receive $2 per mile, while an 18-knot ship, under the bill of 1901, would receive $4 per mile; a.17-knot ship, $3.65 per mile· a 16-knot ship, $3.00 per mile; a J.5.. it must be borne in mind that the tonnage and sailln~ featmes of knot ship, $2.96, and a 14-knot ship, $2.6l per mile. Now take shiJ?S with a this bill were so framed as to favor the lines already m existence, toniLll.ge caJJacity of 9,000tons. Under the proposed bill, a i9-knot ship would were so drawn as to give the maximum rate of subsidy to the receive $3.60 per mile; an 18-knot ship, $3.60 per mile; a 17-k:not ship. $3.29 per mile; 1\ 16-knot ship, ~.97 per mile; a J.5..knot ship. $2.66 per mile; a 1~knot lines now contracting with the Government. We have had much ship, $2.35 per mile; while under the act of 1891, which we are now_ proposing talk about the necessity of securing larger ships with a greater to amend1 ships with speed as above specified would only receive $2 per mile rate of speed, but, notwithstanding all this talk, there was no pro for carrym~ foreign maH, except the 14: and 15 knot shipsJ and each of these would rece1ve $1 per mile, and 13 and 12 knot ships worud receive 66t cents vision in the bill for the payment of greater subsidy to anyone that may construct larger vessels or those with greater rate of pek~~eally the same results will be obtained with ships ranging from 8,00> speed than the ones now owned by the American line and already to 5,000 tons. Take ships with a tonnage capadty of 7,000 tons carrying our foreign mails. Under eristin~ law, thefiveclassesknown as 20 19.18, 17,and contracting with the Government for the carrying of the mails 16 knots, would each receive $3 per mile; under this bill the first1 three classes under the act of 1891. would each receive $2.80 per mil~~ an increase of 80 cent.s per mile over the act Take the Atlantic mail service for the year 1902, the American of 1891. I think these fi~ures will be found to be exactly correct. Line carried for the United States 71,000,000 grams of letters and The author of the measure said that it will increase the amount 641,000,000 grams of printed matter, and received as compensa paid for carrying our foreign mails from $1,826.046 to $4,700,352. tion under its present contract $528,536. During the same year the I am in no way opposed to paying most liberallyforoceanmail Cunard Line carried 137,000,000 grams of letters and 835,000,000 service for the United States. It is admitted by everyone that grams of printed matter and received only 8213,103, while the England and Germany have in many instances received material White Star Line carried 62,000,000 grams of letters and 326,000,000 benefit from pursuing a liberal policy toward the carriers of their grams of printed matter and received $91,591. Thus we see that transoceanic mails; but the mail-subsidy provisions of this bill this corporation that is tottering and about to fall, although it are in no way patterned after the policy so successfully pursued receives three times the amount paid to its competitors, in order by Great Britain. England's colonial systems have within their to exist must haV"e its compensation still increased one-third. borders over 200,000,000 people. To these colonies have gone In fact the one never-failing argument advanced by the friends from the mother country some of the best blood of the British of subsidy is that England has maintained her supremacy of the Isles. Here they have settled and made their homes, are culti seas and shown a steady increase in the amount of her shipping vating the lands, and building up vast commercial industries, and engaged in the foreign trade because she has paid such large it is absolutely necessary for political reasons that England shall mail subsidies, and that if we will follow her example we can bo maintain almost hou.rly communication with her colonies. equally prosperous. Is this contention true? In 1901 the total It has been the maintenance of this relationship, such as a weight of our foreign mail was 9,198,853 pounds, for the carrying mother would keep up with her children, that has brought about of which we paid nearly $2,000,000. The total weight of the for England's great political strength, yet the assistance she has eign mail of Great Britain for the same period was 20,970,300 rendered her shipping industry by way of mail subsidy has, in the pounds, for the carrying of which she paid$4,500,000. The cost of main, been for the purpose of cementing and holding fast to this England's foreign mail service in proportion to the amount carried close relationship yvith her colonies. In 1894 the present Com was, therefore, far cheaper than the same service of the United missioner of Navigation investigated this subject and verified the States under the contracts made by her under the act of 1891. truth of these statements. He then said: And it..IIl.ustbe remembered that a large part of the United States [Report of Commissioner of Navigation for 1894, page xx.] mail was carried in foreign vessels, which received no additional pay under the provisions of the law of 1891. It is therefore clear The object of the British Government in paying steamship companies to carry foreign mail is to secure the q_uickest, surest, and cheapest mail com that if contracts for carrying all foreign mails should be made munication for British merchants WlthaJl parts of the globe. To attain this under the provisions of the law already in existence the mail end it does not hesitate to withdraw its payments to British steamship com subsidy paid by this country in proportion to the amount of mail panies and transfer them to foreign railroads. The theory that the encour agement of British navigation is the purpose of British mail compensation carried would far exceed that paid by Great Britain. Will not stand before the fact that Frencli and Italian railways are utilized !wish it clearly understood that lam heartily in favor of main as far as posible for the mail service, and that recent and undeveloped plans taining a foreign mail service equal to that of any country in the for a trans-Atlantic service to Canada are based on the possibility of par tially substituting the Canadian Pacific Railway for the Suez Canal as an im world. I maintain that to accomplish this purpose we must work portant link in the mail connection between Great Britain, China, JaJ>an, along the lines that have proven so successful in other countries and Australia. Any impression that the ocean mail payments of Great Brit by giving aid to create a means of communication that did not ain are so large as to become bounties will be modified by a reference to the payments of the United States and Great Britain, respectively, for trans formerly exist to our people, by fostering new routes that here Atlantic mail service last year, as stated by the Postmasters-General of the tofore had no existence and that can not exist without aid. The United States and Great Britain in Appendix K. author of this bill when it was pending in the Senate told of the Encouragement to navigation has only been incidental and secondary to political and commercial considerations, and, as indicated, where circum new routes to be established. But we have heard no suggestion stances permit it is being withdrawn and arrangements with the railroads of from the Postmaster-General. There was no provision in the bill France, Italy, Canada. and the United States are in part taking its place. The that names a single new route. I believe that the committees of percentage of payments to steamship lines to the entire cost·of transporting British mails is steadily decreasing. Congress are sufficiently intelligent to understand as to the ad But the sufficient facts to demonstrate that Great Britain does not subsi visability of establishing new foreign mail routes. If not the dize shipping in the sense in which the word is used in the United States are committees, then the House itself. And if not the House, the that the profit of the mail lines do not average higher than those of merchant lines, that the stock quotations of one class of securities are not higher than Senate of the United States is capable of meeting and solving such the other, and, :fina.lly, that barely 3 per cent of the British mercantile ma problems. I submit that we have been too willing to turn over rine receives public funds in any form. to others the rights that belong to us and to cast upon various It is, therefore, clear that the policy of the English Government Departments the duties which belong to Congress. If routes are in the payment of mail subsidies to maintain mail communication to be established between us and our newly acquired possessions, by particular lines with certain ports of her colonies can not be this question should be submitted to this body, should be investi used as an argument in favor of a bill with general provisions like gated and passed on only after a careful and thorough investiga that passed by the Senate-without a single provision compelling tion. the establishment of a new line, but the main object and purpose This provision, we are told, will increase the amount expend~d of which must necessarily be an increase of pay to lines already for foreign mail service by over $3,000,000, and yet the measnra established. did not designate a single new line that is to be established. The In the Etatementquoted the Commissioner of Navigation refers Post-Office Department has made no demand for new lines. The 190!. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. 2215 Superintendent of the Foreign Mail Service has been silent. He the construction of a ship by the American builder can be ob has not contended that the law of 1891 is inefficient. I maintain tained as cheaply in this country as in any other. that the principal effect of snch a measure would be to increase Whether he meant to so express himself or not, I believe this the pay of the present lines. It is an attempt to subsidize nnder to be true. In 1891 we began for the first time t-o export iron and the guise of mail contracts; to vote away the money of the peo steel plates from this country to Europe to be used in the con ple under false pretens9 under the claim of pay for carrying struction of ships. This trade, which amo.unted to only a few the mails, when it is nothing but a general subsidy scheme and hundred dollars in value in 1891, has so grown that in 1901 we open to all the criticism that can be made agairu!t such a policy. sold the European builders of ships steel plates and beams weigh· That this criticism of the bill is well founded is shown by a ing 108,380,359 pounds, valued at $1,752,873. It must be remem speech made by Secretary Shaw in Chicago on September 2, 1903, bered that the coal and ore from which these plates were made in which he said: were dug from the ground by American miners; that the iron If we ever secure the trade of the countries to which I have referred, we was cast in American furnaces manned by American laborers; will first secure regular lines of communication with these countries, and if that the steel plates were rolled by this same labor, which re· we ever secure these lines assistance must be afforded. Who of you, owning a. steamship, would divert it from participation in trans-Atlantic commerce, ceives the highest wages of any toiler in the world. To the first where there is much to ba done, and send it on regular trips to countries cost was added the manufacturer's profit and the cost of trans where we ha.va little or no commerce? portation, and yet they were sold in open competition with the Do not misunderstand me. I am not mourning the defeat of any ship subsidy bill; but I shall mourn exceedingl:r the defeat of a bill, if any such product of the factories of the Old World. This makes it clear shall ever be introduced, which, if eruwte~ would insure regular lines of that we are able to furnish one of the chief products that enter American ships, flying the American flag, and carrying American merchants into the cost of building a ship at as low a figure as our foreign and commercial travelers, with their wares and mercha.ndiso, the product of American labor, into those countries to which I have referred. Such a bill competitor, and that this is done without any sacrifice on the must offer special advantages to ships plying between our ports and countries part of American labor.. where our trade is undeveloped. But some who discussed the bill did not go as far as the Senato? But much was claimed for the provision in the title providing from Maine. They claimed that the difference in cost applies to that all vess2ls receiving the postal subsidy should be so con materials as well as to the labor used in the construction of the structed that they can be converted into auxiliary cruisers. This ship itself. They say there is a difference in the cost of mining is the day of the perfect battle ship. The naval fleets of the prin the ore, the casting of the pig iron, and the manufacture of the cipal countries of the world are so highly developed. They are plates and sheets, and that all this enhances the cost of building constructed to move at such high rate of speed that boats of mer American vessels. It is easy enough to assert a thing and claim chant class would be of no avail in a modem naval war. We it is true. But if the assertion will not stand whe::1 measured by have almost this same provision in the law of 1891, and the lim the facts as they actually exist, then that assertion must fall. ited service they were able to render the country in six months' When we show conclusively that our manufacturers are able to time entailed for the use of the only four boats available an ex add the cost of ocean transportation to their product and sell a pense of nearly $3,000,000, a snm large enough to have built and million and three-quarter dollars' worth of such product to the equipped a respectable ship. foreign shipbuilder at his own home in competition with the same It must be remembered that the highest rate of subsidy was material made by his own people and many times at a lower price, offered to the vessels of 20 knots. England and Germany now have how can this assertion stand? many merchant vessels excelling this rate of speed. Every nation Bnt suppose this contention was true and that the materials is striving to build a navy so fleet as to be able to run down ves produced in America used in constructing a ship do cost more. sels of the merchant class. As early as 1900 the report of the This does not mean that a ship in this country must cost mora Bureau of Navigation showed that we were building fifty war than one of foreign make. Everything needed in the construction vessels whose average rate of speed was 23.4 knots. We are now and equipment of a ship in the United States for use in the for building many cruisers of 22 knots capacity, and a number of tor eign trade is now admitted free of duty. This has been the law pedo boats and torpedo-boat destroyers able to sail at from 26 to for a number of years, and in the act of July 24, 1897, the free 30 knots per hour. These boats would soon run down and de list is extended to include all such articles. stroy any cruiser such as could be made from our merchant ves I submit there is no other industry that enjoys snch advantage. sels. And it seems to me clear that such vessels add no strength The eloquent argument as to the increased cost of materials can whatever to our fleet in time of war. therefore have no weight whatever, for the plain reason that This contention is clearly borne out by the report of the commis the American shipbuilder has open to him the market.s of all the sion appointed by the House of Commons to inquire into the sub world from which he is free to choose his materials. And the ject of ship subsidies, which may be found in the Report of the fact that very few importations have been made under this privi Commissioner of Navigation for 1903, page 274, where they say: lege, but, on the contrary, as I have shown, we have been ex Your committee, after due consideration, is of opinion that the principle of porting our products to the Old World proves beyond doubt that subsidies by or for the Admiralty is only justified for obtaining a limitod num the Senator from Maine was right, that the cost of the material ber of vessels of the highest speed and grea. t coal endurance among the mer cantile m..'lrine, built according to the Admiralty requirements, for purposes used in shipbuilding is no more in the United States than in of national defense, provided that the Admiralty find it more economical to Europe. subsidize swift merchant steamers than to build naval ships. This question of the cost of building ships is no new one. It But coming now to discuss the general question of subsidiz has been discussed by our people for many years. In an article ing our merchant marine, for, after all, that question is directly printed in the North American Review as long ago as January, involved in all of the sections of the bill, we find that one of 1892, Charles Cramp, the great shipbuilder, used this language: the claims made by the friends of this measure was that it costs The proper form in which to put the question is: Can yon build a ship to 25 per cent more to construct a merchant vessel in this country do the work of the City of New Yorl: or the Majestic or the Columbia in all re than in English or German shipyards, and that this additional spects for the same cost? To that question I would~~~~ "Yes; or within as cost, with an additional cost of operation, practically prohibits small a margin as would be likely to prevail in a · · r case between any two British shipyards." * * • the operation of American-made ships in competition with for It is the fact that the "fl..rst cost."' of ships is not only not a prime factor, eign-made vessels. but it is not even a serious factor, in any competition that may occur be tween this country and Great Britain for a sh&re of the traffic of the There may, as yet, be a slight difference in the cost of construc ocean. • • • tion, but if there is a difference it is greatly exaggerated by the American shipyards have built or are building about forty naval vessels ot people clamoring for the passage of subsidy legislation. If we numerous rates and types, all of the very highest and effective class in the world; and this development has been crowded into a space of about seven have not reached the pointwhere we can build theverybeststeel years. * * • ships in our own yards in open competition with the shipbuilders The disparity of cost of naval ships between our yards and those of Great of the world, then all the facts clearly show that day is not far Britain, ton for ton, gun for ~. and performance for performance, ha-s dwindled in seven years until, m the case of the three latest battle ships, the in the future. And all of this can and will be done in American margin between our classes and thoc:..,e of similar construction abroad may be yards without the aid of subsidy. Those who plead for Govern expressed by a very small figure. • • * ment aid do not agree on the reasons for the alleged increase in If the current policy of naval reconstruction be pursued for another de cade (1902), coupled Wlth a. vigorous and consistent execution of the measures the cost of building ships in American yards over those built by recently enacted in behalf of the merchant marine, the question which forms German and English builders. the subject of this paper will be asked no more; unless, indeed, its point should The Senator from Maine said that in the furnishing of raw ma be reversed and Englishmen be asking one another, Can we build ships aa terials to-day very likely we can supply them as cheaply as they economically as they can in the United States? can be bought anywhere in the world, but that raw materials He understands the situation; he states the case most clearly. only make up one half the cost of a ship, the labor employed in The policy which he asks to have continued has been strictly ad construction being the other half. hered to, and I believe his prediction has been verified by the In th.'l.t construction we pay the men who do the work twice the wages result. that are paid on the Clyde t The conditions asked for by Mr. Roach have been brought about. nets of like character, I maintain that they will accomplish the Everything needed in the building and equipping of ships for for· same results in our shipbuilding industry. eign trade has been exempted from the burden of tariff dues. It But the advocates of subsidy ask why this has not been already is true that when this statement was made by Mr. Roach England accomplished. Why have we not built up a merchant marine? had no rival in the manufacture of iron and steel products. At I believe these questions can be easily and truly answered. And that time she had so fully developed her iron industries that she the reason will not be found to be the payment of higher wages was able to furnish the materials necessary for the construction of to American workmen engaged in the shipping industry. Shortly a steel ship at figures that could not be approached by any other before the war between the States, England, whose iron industries country in the world. This condition no longer exists. We have were then well developed, began the building of steel vessels. opened and developed the richest iron and coal mines in the Our merchant marine was then composed of wooden ships, in the world. The splendid genius of American manhood has applied building of which we far excelled other countries, owing to the itself to this great problem and has solved it with the same suc cheap and abundant supply of timber. cess that it has every other problem that has been submitted to it England possessing the advantage of having her iron industries for solution. developed to such a high state of perfection, on the advent of the In 1869, when Mr. Roach was lamenting our inability to produce steel vessel, which proved to be far superior to our wooden ships, iron in competition with England, our annual product only began at once to supplant us in our control of the foreign carrying amounted to one and a half million tons, while Great Britain was trade. I call attention to the following table, used by Senator producing 5,000,000 tons; yet in 1890 we passed our rival in the Vest in his argument on this subject before the Fifty-sixth production of pig iron, and every year since that time have main Congress: tained our supremacy in the production of this article, which is Total imports ana exports in ttessels. the basis of steel shipbuilding, reaching in the year 1900 the un Percent rivaled position of producing an output of over 14,000,000 tons. Value in Value carried It must be remembered that the argument of the payment of Year ending June 00- American in foreign Total. inAmer· vessels. vessels. ican superior wages applies with the same force to this industry as it vessels. does to shipbuilding, and if carried to its logical conclusion would prevent our people engaged in this industry from selling 1850 ...... $239.272,085 $90,764,954 ~.037,038 72.5 their products in foreign markets in competition with European 1851...... 316,107,232 118, 500, 711 (34, 612, 9(3 72.7 manufactures. 1852...... 29!,735,4~ 123,219,817 417,955,221 '10.5 1853...... 346,717,127 152,237. 677 ~. 954:, 804 69.5 Is it true, then, that because we pay higher wages to the labor 1854 •••••••••••••••••••••••••• (06,698,539 170,591,875 577,200,414 70.5 ers engaged in this trade that their product can not be sold in com 1855 ------······------· 4:05,485,4.82 131,139, 904 536, 625, 866 '15.6 petition with that of the English manufacturer, who pays hi! men 1856 ---···-·········-··--····- 4:82,268,274 159,336,576 641,604-,850 75.2. far lower wages? On the contrary, we find that the American 1857 ••••*-••············------510,a:fl.,027 213,519,'r96 7~,850,823 '10.5 11.158 -····· --···--··-·---·---·- «7,191, 304 100, 068, 267 ffYl, 257, sn '13.7 producers of iron and steel and their various products, after sup· 1859 -············------·--···· .a5, 7fl,381 229,816,211 695,657,592 66.9 plying the home demand, have pushed their trade right into the 1860 -························- 507,247,757 255, oro, 793 762, 288, 550 66.5 1881 .....• ··--········------881,516,788 IDS, 4:78,278 684:,995,066 65.2 countries of low wages, and have there sold their goods at a profit. 1862 •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 217,695,U8 218,015,296 4:35,710,714 50 In 1900 the makers of iron made, exported, and sold to foreign 1863 --······--·····--·-· --··-- 2(1,872,(71 8(3, 056, 031 684:, 928, 502 41.4: countries raw pig iron of the value of $4,654,582. And yet this is 1864 •••••••••••• ----·-----··-- 184:, 061,(86 485,793,548 669,855,004 27.5 1865 ·························- 167,4:02,872 (37,010, 124 604:,4:12,996 27.7 only the beginning of what has been done. In the same year we 685,226,691 1, OlO, 938,552 82.2 exported products of iron and steel, such as steel rails, sheets and 581,330,403 879,165,807 ro.9 plates, hardware, saws, machinery, nails and spikes, and other r:!i :::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~:~:~ 650,546,074 848,527,647 85.1 1869 --··········------······- 289,958,772 586, 492, 012 876, «8, 784: ffi.l articles manufactured wholly from steel and iron to the value of 638, 927,(88 991,896,889 $129,633,480, and for the year 1903 to the value of $99,036,697. 1870 ·······-··------···--·- 352,969,{(}1. 85.6 These articles were all ma-de by the best-paid labor the world has This table shows that the decline began with the appearance of ever known. According to the argument used by the friends of the steel ship in 1850. While we were then carrying 72.5 per cent this bill, the makers would have been absolutely prohibited from of all American exports and imports in American ships, the per making sales in competition with E.nglish manufacturers who paid centage had declined to 65.2 per cent in 1861. This decline was less wages. greatly augmented by the civil war, as our merchant carrying Another Senator, in discussing this subject, says that frolll the trade in imports and exports fell off from 65.2 per cent in 1861 to ore in the earth to the finished product every process and step is 27.7 per cent in 1865. During this time our vessel owners, to labor, and nothing but labor, and therefore, he says, a ship can not avoid the dangers and hazards arising out of the war, either sold be built by American builders and sold in competition with those their ships or placed them under foreign register. The extent to who pay their laborers less wages. He could say the same thing which we were affected during the war period is shown by the with equal force of any of the products I have named that went following table: to make up the $129,000,000 of exports of iron and steel manufac ture. But when made and applied to these articles this argument Sold to Year. Lost. Aban- Sold to United Total must fall to the ground for the reason that these figures demon· doned. aliens. States. decrease strata to a mathematical certainty that these products are being in Is ------1------sold open competition with the world. it not clear that the Tonnage. Tonnage. Tonnage. Tonnage. Tonnage size of the wages paid does not control the ability to sell as cheaply 1861...... 59,567 7,964 26,649 ···--····· 94,180 as those who pay less wages? The truth is, the American business 1862...... 41,352 U,802 117,756 73,269 247,179 is 1853...... 52,041 10,817 222,199 10,602 295,659 man so progressive and thorough in his methods; the American 1864...... M,851 13,210 00l,865 12,331 391,257 laborer is so intelligent, that we are able to manufacture these 1865...... 4:7,033 4,678 133,832 185,543 articles with so much economy that we are capturing the mar 1866...... 00,893 2,176 22,117 61,186 kets of the world, notwithstanding we pay our workmen the 1867...... 28,oo u,gos 9,088 52,087 highest rate of wages. This energy is just beginning to be di rected to the shipbuilding industry, and it promises to accom This table shows that in four years we sold to aliens American plish without Government aid the same results that have been sbips amounting in tonnage to 774,652 gross tons. These were all brought about in other branches of the steel industry. American ships, constructed in American yards by American me This progress is well described in an article printed in our con chanica. The same necessity for a merchant marine then existed BUlar reports for 1900, from which I quote: as now. The same party that urges the subsidy legislation was then in power, yet no effort was made to secure their return to Gradually the Americans are pushing their way into the British colonies. the American flag, The last railroad built in India has American rails. American manufacturers export their iron and motors, their machinery, and galvanic wires to Cape When the war was over and our people once more turned to Colony. Egypt, too, has Philadelphia. brid~e builders on the scene. Three the pursuits of industry, a new factor was dominating the ocean hundred railroad coaches have found the1r way from Jersey City into the carrying trade. The steel ship had proved itself in every way so land of the Pharaohs and electrical tramways are forged in the foundries of Pittsburg to connecli1 Cairo with the Pyramids. Even Europe is not safe superior to the wooden vessel that it at once became the master against the invasion of American goods. Russia France, Germany, and Italy of the seas. Our people had excelled in the making of wooden must pay tribute. England herself buys Amencan1 locomotives, steel railsi ships and by this means had been able to control their share of paper ware, railroad coaches~ and even coal. Sheffield, the ~ome of the ste!3 in industry, has been dethronoo b:r ~ittsburg. It would oe fl"lvolty to remam the foreign carrying trade, butwhilewe had been engaged war indifferent to the expansion of tllis leviathan people. England bad most rapidly developed her iron and steel industries and. perfected her methods of constructing ships from these prod If, therefore, American manufacturers have demonstrated that nets. Our own iron and steel industries, as I have shown, were eteel rails, locomotives, railroad coaches, electrical machinery, as yet in their infancy. bridges, steel plates, steel wire, hardware, nails, strnctural steel, The political party in power refused to alter, change, or relax and raw iron itself can be made with American labor without the navigation laws which had been adopted at the founding of subsidy and sold in competition with English and German prod- the Government as has been so often shown, by means of a. com 1904. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2217 promise between the shippjng interests of New England and. tho~e No one knows the conditions under which these contracts were desiring to prosecute the slave trade. In short, the decline m made. There are many reasons other than the ones on which the our carrying trade was due to the following causes: The vast fathers of this bill rely that might influence the difference in cost superiority of steel over wooden vessels; the high state of per in this case. Because some ardent advocate of the payment of fection to which England had developed her iron and steel indus subsidies paid more for an American than he did for an English tries; the undeveloped state of these industries in our own vessel I submit ought not to be proof enough to convince any man country, and refusal to grant to our citizens the right to pur that such ships can not and are not built as cheaply in American chase English-made steel vessels. By this means we would have as in English yards. On the other hand I contend that the mel familiarized our mechanics and builders with the materials out ancholy frame of mind in which the Commissioner of Navigation of which they were constructed and the manner in which they finds himself, when considering the prospective growth of our were made and at once established yards for repairs and the build merchant marine, is due to the bitter reflections that harass his ing of smaller vessels, a policy so successfully used by the Ger conscience when he contemplates the sore straits to which he is man nation. These were the causes that led to the unprecedented driven to invent argument to controvert the position he formerly decline in our foreign shipping. maintained with so much force and persistence, rather than to There were many other pursuits that seemed to promise our peo any logical conclusion that can be deduced from the figures given ple better hope of success than following the sea. Our internal in his report. country was undeveloped. Furnishing its various sections with It is true that our business men are as keen, active, intelligent, means of transporting their products, and intercommunication and farseeing as any in the world, and it goes without saying - promised labor hunting employment and capital seeking invest that you will not find them so influenced by sentiment as to find ment the largest returns. The most perfect system of railroads them buying in a market where their purchase will cost them in the world wa.a a necessity. A most rich and fertile country lay one-third more than they can obtain it for in another market. It along and contiguous to the Great Lakes. It was yielding vast has never been charged, and if claimed has never been proven, crops of immense value, the transportation of which by the way that the Standard Oil Company is actuated by sentimental mo of the lakes was sure to yield the largest profits to ship builders tives in its business transactions. It is an axiom that when this and owners. Our people were most progressive and intelligent company lets go of a dollar it is sure to get value received for the and demanded for their necessities, their comfort, and convenience investment, and, like the man from Missouri, must be shown full every labor-saving device, every manufactured product that sci value before it parts with the dollar. Yet I find in the report of ence and ingenuity could devise. And this field of enterprise the Commissioner of Navigation for 1901 this important news. promjsed untold riches to adventurous c-apital. He says: We had millions of acres of the richest soil, such as that de The important additions to the square-rigged fleet are the two steel ships, scribed by the late Senator from Kansas, where "you tickle the .Astral and Acme, built to carry oil to the East for the Standard Oil Company, ground with a hoe and it laughs with a harvest." The people of which is also building abroad similar vessels for the same purpose. the Old World needed and were asking for the products of these And on the same page of the report, in speaking of the ships in lands to supply them with bread. With a most liberal hand the course of construction, he says: Government bestowed these lands on her citizens, and thousands Construction during the curret:P; fi.scal year promises nearly, if not quite, of them found free homes and busied themselves with the de to eqnal the greatest in our history. In 1855 we built 683, 1904. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. 2219 been open to them, the French and Italian flags would. doubtless have disap the American vessel could invariably obtain a crew at the same peared from the seas, and French and Italian shipowners would have re sorted to the usa of the British ftag, as is the custom, under our registry law, wages a? which o~e ~as s~ipped. by ~he foreign vesseL It has of the leading shipowners in trans-Atlantic trade. been claimed that m diSputing th1B pomt we have relied on arm· This is a brief review of the amount of aid rendered by European ment only. But here is t)le actual experience of two sailors :nd countries to their shipping interests and a discussion of the pur added t? this is the experiet?-ce Orts, and so has the privilege of the history of nations. This trade, which amounted to only $7.29 engaging her se:1.men at any port she may VlSit. per capita in 1868, had increased to $17.96 per capita in 1900 and It may be that in shipping men at San Francisco and New York there is a slight discrimination-not much, by the way-because from the nature of even this enormous figure has since been surpassed. In 1860 the the case, competing upon the ocean on the same platform, wages of seamen value of all exports was only $188,000,000, while in 1903 it amounted have been brought down to a. common standard. The difference in price be to $1,457,575,865. tween tJ:le wages _of seame~ in New York and Liv.erpool is trifling. Practl cally, mth the liberty which a vessel has when 1t enters a foreign port to Of all our exports, 63 per cent in value and a far larger percent ship a new crew, it may be said that so far as sailing vessels are concerned age in weight and bulk are farm products, and yet the vessels this is not an element that enters seriously into the question. carrying these products were to receive the smallest rate of sub So far as sten.mships are concerned, which from the very nature of the trade require a permanent crew, there is some difficulty, but not enough to sidy: If the purpose of the friend~ of this legislation is the pro seriously interfere with the extension of our foreign can·ying trade. motion of commerce, why should this be the case? In an appendix It, however, can not be proven that the amount of wages paid I give the manifest of the Georgie for March 13,1900, and the St. to the sailors controls the ability of a country to maintain a mer Louis for February 20, 1900, in so far as they relate to farm chant marine. This is no new argument. On the other hand, it products. :rhe St. Louis is a 20-knot steamer of 11,626 tons, and has been often asserted on this floor that the amount of wages would receive the highest rate of pay under this bill, to wit, 2. 7 paid does not control. If the contention of gentlemen who favor cents per ton per 100 nautical miles. The Georgie is a freight subsidy, that the payment of higher wages to sailors than some steamer of 10,077 gross tons and 13 knots, and will receive the other country may pay forbids the maintenance of a merchant lowest rate of subsidy, or 1 cent per 100 nautical miles sailed marine, why is it that England, who has paid and continues to per ton. pay her sailors the highest wages of any European country fol This shows that the St. Louis carried no real farm products lowing the sea, has outstripped every other nation in the race for and only about 400 tons of partly manufactured products, of which supremacy, and has continued to steadily increase her shipping dressed beef, the product of the beef trust, is the principal; not until it has reached at the close of 1901 the unprecedented figure a P?und of flour or cotton or. a bushel of wheat, corn, or oats; of 10,751,392 tonB? And so healthy and steady has been the while the cargo of the boat picked out by the provisions of that growth and development that each year since 1840, with the ex bill to receive the smallest rate of subsidy carried about 7,000 tons ception of ten years, when the decrease has been insignificant, of raw farm products, enough to fill the freight space on the St. has shown an increase in tonnage over the preceding year, grow Louis twice. ing from 3,311,538 gross tons in 1840 to 15,357,052 in 1903. The total value of our domestic exports for the year 1903 was While France, which pays the largestsnbsidyof anycountryin 1,457,575,865. Of that sum, agricultural products amounted to the world, and far lower wages than England, shows that while $913,584,571, or 62.68 per cent of all the exports of the country. she had a net tonnage of 932,735 in 1889, in 1899 had only in We have shown that the fast-sailing ocean liners, which receive creased to 957,755, and six out of the ten years show a decrease nearly three times as much subsidy as the freighters, carry only over each preceding year; and Italy, which pays the next largest about 5 per cent of the farm products. It was pointed out to the subsidy of any European country after France in proportion to committee in the Fifty-seventh Congress, in the hearings that her tonnage, although she pays the smallest wages to her seamen, small sailing vessels of less than 1,000 tons, which carry ~all has fallen off in her tonnage from 1,012,164 tonB in 1870 to874,054 loads and can sail into ports with shallow harbors, go scouting in 1899, a net decrease of 138,110 tons. on experin?-ental trips to new ports, opening np communication This argument has never been answered and never can be and establishing new trade, and though the chief object of such answered. It shows beyond dispute to an unbiased mind that the a bill is the promotion of commerce by the payment of subsidies development and maintenance of a merchant marine depends on these pioneers of trade were to receive no share in the bonntie~ other things than the amount of wages paid the sailors or the under the Senate bill. amount of subsidy voted from the public treasury. [Applause.] The bill which was pending in the Fifty-sixth Congress con That we are right and that the prosperity of the merchant ma tained a provision requiring each vessel receiving compensation rine of a country depends upon other things than subsidy or to carry a cargo amounting to at least 50 per cent of her gross bounty is clearly shown by the report of the commission ap tonnage. Very much was claimed for this provision in the I'e pointed by the Honse of Commons; for this body, after giving all port of the committee and the discussion. It was claimed that the facts elicited, in a summing np of the case, use the following this would compel the fast ocean liners to carry freight as well as passengers. And if it had not contained exceptions intended language: to relieve passenger steamers, it would have been a most beneficial Your committee trust, in conclusion, that they have collected a large amount of valuable information; they are not directed br the terms of the provision. But the farmers and manufacturers, seeking to in r eference to make recommendations, but it may be convement to summarize crease their forejgn trade and to reduce their freight rates, sought heir opinions expressed in the course of this report. They are: in vain for such a provision in the bill which passed the Senate. 1. That the granting of shipping subsidies at considerable pecuniary cost by foreign governments has favored the development of competition against It must have hampered or interfered with the operations of British shipowners and trade upon the principal routes of ocean communica these great ocean steamers, the owners of which have been so tion, and assisted in the transfer from British to continental ports of some diligent .in t?eir dem!l'nd for this legislation and so persistent in branches of forei~n and colonial trade; but that, notwithstanding the foster ing effect of subSidies upon foreign competition, British steam shipping and advocating Its adoption. If, therefore, the former bill was open trade have in the main held their own1 and under fair conditions British to objection because of its limitations to the cargo provisions how l!hipowners are able to maintain the mantime commerce of the country. mncJ;I ~ore objectionable must be a bill which contains no ~rgo 2. That subsidies are the minor factor, and commercial skill and industry the major factors of the recent development of the shipping and trade of proV1SIOns whatever. The language used by the minority in its certain foreign countries, and notably of Germany, where, for example, the report to the Honse in the Fifty-sixth Congress applied to the granting of through bills of lading via the State railways has had an impor Senate bill without qualification. , tant effect. In some other countries subsidies have led to no satisfactory results. We are asked to pay not for the purpose of promoting commerce but for 3. That the subsidies given by foreign governments to selected lines .or th.e purpose of assisting in se~ding American tourists abroad whoca:h afford, owners tend to restrict free competition, and so to facilitate the establish Wlthout any Gov!3rnment a1d, to travel and spend their money in Europe. ment of federations and shipping rings. and therefore that no subsidy should The Government lS asked.to pay not ~or the exportation of American prOd be granted without government control over maximum rates of freight and ucts, but for the exportation of Amenca.n customers for foreign markets. over this combination of subsidized with unsubsidized owners to restrict competition. Is there any just hope that the adoption of the proposed policy 4. That the competition of British shipowners with their commercial rivals will lower the rate of freights? On this subject we have nothing upon fair conditions without Government interference by way of subsidies or by way of controi of freights, is more healthy, and likely to be more bene but the bare assertion of its advocates. No example, no instance ficial to the nation and Empire than a state-subsidized and state-controlled has been pointed out where this resnlt has been accomplished. system under which the shipowner woud have to depend less upon his indi The conditions of the trade govern the rates. In fact, the very vidual energy and skill and more upon the favor and support of the Gov ernment. claims of its supporters negative the idea that it will bring about 5. That a general system of subsidies other than for services rendered is reduction in rates. costly and inexpedient. The claim for the necessity of its passage, the one grand argu One of the objects which it is claimed will be attained by the ment relied on, is that the aid to be paid will equalize conditione passage of such a measure is the promotion of commerce, the in and place the .Ameri~ owner on equality with the foreigner. crease of our export trade. If that is the object to be attained, The money paid out will go to the owner to compensate him for why is it that the largest subsidies were to be paid to the fast what he is compelled to invest in building and spend in operat ocean liners engaged in the passenger service, which carry a com ~g ships in excess of the amount expended by foreign competic paratively small amount of freight, while the slower vessels and tion. those of smaller size receive less aid, and those under 1,000 tons Such a measure promises no extension of onr foreign trade and receive no assistance whatever? No picture that can be drawn of will give no lowering of the rates of ocean freight to our manu the evils resulGing from our want of a merchant marine can re facturers and farmers. ceive much coloring from the state of our export trade. It is claimed, however, that in the event that two of the powe~ On the other hand, during the period when our people have ful Em·opean natious should engage in war we wonld have no 1904. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2221 . means of transportation for products, and some one in the heat joyed can more logically be claimed to :flow from this policy than of debate has said that ''if the war lasted long enough, the prod· any other. nets of the American farm and the American shop would stand 7. . The war "Vessels being constructed at tpresent are so much in the storehouse until they rotted." more fleet than vessels of the merchant class that the auxiliary This is a favorite argument with the advocates of this system. cruiser feature promises no material advantage to our Govern· Is it at all likely that any such result would follow a European ment in case of war. war? It is asserted in all soberness and candor that such result 8. It will neither increase our export trade nor lower the rate of would follow, but with all due defference to the gentlemen who freights. make such assertions, I for one shall ask higher proof than naked For these reasons I believe that such a measure, if enacted into assertion. In either peace or war the European people must eat. law, would fail to bring about that which it is so confidently In times of war their home industries will be somewhat disturbed. claimed it will accomplish, and though this would entail a waste· At all times they must look to the surplus of the American farm of the public funds, there is to my mind a still more urgent reason for their sustenance, and though war may come, their people will why it should fail to receive legislative approval. not starve, but are botm.d to supply their wants from the surplus I believe that the principle on which such a measure is founded farm products of America. is unjust, inequitable, and thoroughly vicious. It is claimed that If war should continue, it would not be long until the vessels of by reason of tariff taxes you have so increased the price of certain the warring factions would seek protection under the flag of peace· products that this particular industry can not live, and now you ful nations, just as our vessels did during the civil war. And it propose to tax these industries and all the others in order to must be remembered that this would be rendered all the more easy equalize the advantage you claim you have bestowed on such in of accomplishment from the fact that at least a million tons of dustries. If you follow out your argument to what end will it foreign shipping is now owned and controlled by American capi· lead? What industry, what class of people are not entitled to the tal. In addition to all this, our tonnage engaged in the coasting same aid and comfort? You tax all the people and give the money trade could be easily utilized in the ocean trade if it should be· so raised to the shipbuilder and shipowner because you claim his come necessary to preserve products from rotting and save the business is not prosperous. people of Europe from starvation. When the farmer was undergoing years of failure, disaster, and When I hear one assert that because two of the maritime na. distress, did you propose to open the public Treasury to relieve tions of Europe happen to be engaged in war the products of our his distress? When the farmer wa-s unable to support his family farms and factories will be allowed to rot for want of ocean trans· and meet his obligations, and some of his people proposed that portation, I feel assured that in the heat of debate he has for the the Government extend him its aid by way of a governmental time being forgotten the force and power of American character loan on his products for security, you said such people were crazy and the ability of the American people to carry to a successful Populists and intended to bankrupt the Government. Once es· issue any enterprise that may be necessary. To preach such doc. tablish this policy, and who can define the limitations, who can trine one must close his eyes to the history of the most complete tell what the harvest will be? triumph that the industrial world b.as ever witnessed. In place What reason can be urged that during periods of financial dis· · of the dire results which our frienrls pre(lict would follow such a tress the miner, the merchant, the mechanic, and the farmer war, all history and all reason show it to be true beyond dispute should not become public warda, be the recipients of a subsidy or that a protracted European war would stimulate and rebuild our bounty? I am aware that with some the most wholesome doctrine merchant marine. Such a war would add more to its strength so long maintained by our people of equality before the law, than a century of subsidy. [Applause.] carrying with it equal and only equal advantages to every man If the advocates of the subsidy policy were truly in earnest in engaged in business or enterprise to receive only equal aid from their claim that one of the first objects sought to be attained by the taxes imposed by his Government, has become obsolete. Yet the bill is the building of ships in American yards, why did we I maintain that a strict adherence to this time-honored principle not find in the bill the provisions contained in the bill introduced will bring the greatest good to the whole people, and offers the in the Fifty-sixth Congress, whereby the owners 1·eceiving sub· only safe and sure guide to just legislation. sidy were compelled to build new vessels equal to 25 per cent of Here is the pab:!Ynalism which gentlemen who advocate such the tonnage of the vessels receiving aid under the terms of the legislation have so persistently opposed. I know that the public act, and the provision that American citizens having their capital revenues are now at high tide and a small gift of from $6,000,000 invested in foreign vessels should be entitled to procure an Amer· to $10,000,000 a year to a single industry may cause no great alarm, ican register of their boats and to r-eceive one-half the regular but you must remember that you have been dispensing the public rate of subsidy, provided they build other ships of equal tonnage money with a most liberal hand. It is wisdom inthe hour of plenty in American yards? to prepare for the day of famine. It is by no means certain that The promoters of this measure must know that if any subsidy we will always be able to collect such enormous revenues with legis!ation at all is enacted, these two provisions or similar such ease. A just regard for the future forbids bestowing the ones would stimnlate the building of ships in American yards far public revenues on any single class or industry. more than any or all of the provisions contained in the measure, We are all dazed with the picture of the day when the shout and yet they were ignored and turned down without any apology. of the American sailor. will become a familiar cry to the ear of Who can then wonder that it is claimed that the promoters of the maritime people of the world; when the American flag, play this legislation were far mo1·e anxious about giving aid to the own· ing on the masthead of an American vessel laden with American ers of the ships now engaged in the foreign trade than they were products, will always greet the alien eye gazing seaward. We - to stimnlate the shipbuilding industry in American yards? If maintain that this end can never be attained as long as liberty is such legislation is to be adopted, no good excuse can be given for denied nor be brought about by a narrow and selfish policy of pa· the omission of these two provisions already intended to encour· ternalism. \, age American shipbuilding. Kingdoms and empires may forget or ignore that which is es· It seems to me that it is therefore clear that there is now no sential to our national existence. Equality and justice are the necessity for such legislation, for the following reasons: corner stone of the foundation of our Government. No commer· 1. Our shipbuilding industry enjoys many advantages not cial advantage, however great, is worth enough to be gained by possessed by other industries. It has successfully passed the ex· the slighest sacrifice of these principles. I appeal to you in the perimental stage, is developing, and, without further aid, in a name of justice. in the name of equality, take no step, give no a very short time will construct vessels in competition with the vote, enact no law, that will not leave every industry, every builders of all the world. American citizen stand equal below the law. [Loud applause.] 2. The history of the development of our steel industries, in which the same high-priced labor is employed, proTes beyond dis pute that we can attain the same degree of perfection in ship. APPENDIX. building. [From the report of the minority in the Fifty-sixth Congress.] 3. The law of the port and not the law of the flag governs the HISTORY OF SUBSIDIES IN THIS COU"l\"'TRY. So-<:alled subsidies have been given by several countries, while real subsi wages of the sailor. . dies have been given by Italy, France, and the Urn ted States. Under ths 4. Wages do not control the power of a people to own and oper· subsidy system the merchant marine of Italy and of France have stea-dily ate a merchant marine; this depends upon the business ability, decreased, while the history of the Urn ted St2.tes subsidies has been such that energy of the people, the efficiency of the labor, and the giving of it is strange tha.t anyone wishes to pro>ide another chapter. The first subsidy ~:ranted by the United States was in 1850, when the Col attention by the people to that particular pursuit. lins Line was gi>en ~53,0C0for twenty-six tl·ipsa year. Eight years later the 5. The wlicy of England and Germany of granting mail pay company went into bankruptcy. In th~ year ~S{U tJ;le Brazi]flm Li:~e ~s subs:idized. and three years later to their shipping interests for political purposes is not the cause the Pacific Mail. Still American sb1ppmg conbnued to decline and in lSOO of the prosperity of their merchant marine and affords no argu· the House appointed a committee to mvestiga.te the cause. ' ment for the subsidy policy. When the general appropriation bill for the Post-Onlce Department came 6. The only universal policy followed by European countries up for cons:deratjon in the .House in 1872, M,, Conger mo>~d an am~nrlment ~the P&e:ific Mail contr~ct, ma~ng it $~.<)00, Mr. Kerr characterized the arguments for subsidies as "the old and pre Tbe Venezuelan Red D Line was subsidized under the postal law of 1.891, t~ntious prayer of the few, the aggregated wealth of the rich corporations, and under the operation of the subsidy our expor to that country have for extorting contributions from the people. These contributions are for fallen off nearly 50 per cent. In 1891 they were $4,784.,956; in 1899 they were their own individual pecuniary benefit. The country will gain nothing by $2,85l,GU. them. Commerce will become no cheaper." In 1872 the Pacitlc Mrul tried to 8:et an increase of its subsidy, and ex Benjamin F. Butler said: "I am opposed diametrically, with an my might, pended f.l(X),OOJ in promiscuous bnbery. The Congressional investigation with all my judgment, with all my strength, to the ideas of subsidizing any that followed revealed a piece of legislative corruption paralleled only by lines whate>er. The only time when this Government attem-pted to subsi the Pacific railroad bribes of the same year. In every one of these instances dize a line of steamers, thegreatCollinsLine, wenotonly lost our money, but Congress refused to renew the subsidy on the expiration of the contract, we ruined those whom we undertook to aid." showing conclusively that they had failed to accomplish their purpose. On March 20, 1872, the amendment was lost and. the appropriation bill was The minority of the committee h ve searched in vain for an instance in passed. the history of nations where a subsidy to an established line has increased On May 2 the hlll was reJX)rted to the Senate by the chairman of the Com foreign trade or lowered freight rates. mittee on Appropriations with the above amendn:Lent attached. Sena.torChandler,ofMichigan, said: "ltisdesimbletoown iron ships, very COST OF OPERATING SHIPS. desirable, and I hope to nee the day when we shall have our old supremacy The next point to consider is the difference in cost of operating a ship un in shipping; but it never will be done by subsidies. It is not the subsidized der tho American flag and under a forei~ tlag. In comparin~ the cost ot lines of Great Britain that pax the largest returns. You will never restore running a ship under the American flag mth the cost of runnmg a similar your flag to the ocean by subsidies, I care not how great you max- make them. ship under tlie British flag, both in a. r~ula.r service between the same or You may increase yom· subsidies to flO,OOO,OOO a year and you will not restore adJacent ports, we have to take into consideration the following items: your flag." 1. Coal. Senator Morrill, of Maine, said: "Is it pre.cticable to recall our shipping? 2. Oil. I think it is, and by the simplest process. Not a dollar of subsidies. Give us 3. Trimming of coal cheap materials, and we will do 1t. Give us the ground on which we stand, 4. Stevedoring. so that we shall have mat~ria.ls just as cheap as they can be s.fforded else 5. Food. where, and then all these shipyards and all that skilled labor will be at work 6. Insurance. at once; and you will tlnd that we shall restore the balance of the shipping 7. Port expenses. interests on the ocean that now stands against us." 8. Wages of officers and crew. Senator Sherman, of Ohio, said: "Since we can not build these vessels (1 and 2) Coal and oil will be bought by both ships wherever it is best within 20 or 00 per cent of the cost in England, why not admit them free? and cheapest. There is thus no difference as to these two items whether the Why not admit them dutf f1·ee, raise the American flag upon them~.-.put ship is American or Britlsh. American officers upon the1r decks, and have American lines mstead of .tSrit (3 and 4) The cost of trimming coal and stevedoring. cargo ought to show ish lines? Why, sir, if that bill should pass, authorizing foreign ships when no difference. As a matter of fac~ the American Line pays for stevedoring owned by American citizens to be used for the present-for three years ~cents per hour for sundry workm New York, while several of the British under the American flag, one-halt of the lines between New York and Eng lines pay the regular wages fixed by the longshoremen's union, 60 cents per land would be American lines in sixty days." hour, for the same work. Senator Edmunds said: "It is a favor to a set of men who wish to get some (5) PeoJ?le who have traveled by the Whit~ Star Line (British), Cunard money out of the Treasury. • • • I am not ready to grant anybody money Line (British), and American Line (American), and who arethnsableto com out of the Treasury until there is a. pretty good reason for it." pare the feeding on the steamers of these different lines, will admit that the On :May 7,1872, Senator EdmundS said: "Then the only way to get a good quality and quantity of food supplied are very similar on all of these steamers. ship is to take the man who now has his hand on your throat and confess that (6) On the insurance item there ought not to exist any dift'erence either as whatever you are to do you are to do for him. I must say that that meets far as the rate of :in..sumnce is concerned. Of course the amount insured may my respectful admiration. Inasmuch as the whole object of this performance be higher in the case of an American-built ship if the recent statements of is to increase the profits of these lines already established, and inasmuch as our shipping peoj>le are to be believed in preference to their statements of a. everybody seems to agree that whatever we are to do in the way of opening few years ago. However, the higher amount to be paid on this item by the competition is a mere cover that will amount to nothing, it iB only putting a American shipowner is not on account of having his ship run under the little thin veil over the nakedness of the monstrosity. American flag, but having it built in the United States. <..X>nsequently the "Why not do it fair and square, as the Senator from Nevada's argmnent amount insured on the many foreign-built ships which, in accordance with tends to show, and sa.y at once that whoever has a line now shall take all the this subsidy bill, are to be transferred to American registry will not be af money out of the Treasury that is left and have done with it? That is the fected by the mere fact of ch3nging the tl&g. true way. Then. if the people complain of us for spendins- their money (7) The port expenses ought to be less for American vessels, which do not wastefully, they will at least give us credit for being honest m telling them par, tonnage taxes in the United States, whereas foreign ships clearing from plainly that we are plundering them. This is the best way; so that if we are Bntish ports have to pay this considerable item. Por t expenses in Great guilty of a little dereliction of duty in taking their money out of their pock Britain are the same for British and non-British steamel'S. ets, we shall at least have the corresponding benefit, the mitigatio~ in their (8) Wages of officers.-Here we note the following differences: judgment, that we have done it plainly and squarely, so that there 1S no dis Fast American liner (St. Paul): Fast Liverpool passenger liner ~ a bout it. Chief officer ------·- $120.00 (Campania ): "Senators are right who say that this notion about advertising is perfectly Second officer -·------70.00 Chief mate __ ------$100.00 useless, except perhaps as against the China lin~\which is now a corpora Third officer------·----· 60.00 First oftlcer ___ ------· 75.00 tion with immense capital and immense proftts mat may bid against this Fourth officer---····--·-· 4:·•.00 Second officer---·-----·-· 62.50 very line. The Japan and China line may bid for this very service, and take Chiefen~eer --·:·------1.50.00 Extrasecondofficer______55.00 some of its discarded ships or buy some others, which is easy enough to do, F .rst assistant engmeer.. 100.00 Thu·d officer--·------·-· 50.00 and put them on this line, and by and by we shall have an enormous mo Juniortlrstassista.ntengi- Fourth officer------~5.00 nopoly in the Pacitlc conflned to one line, the Pacific Mail, that has driven off near------·-·------85.00 Chief engineer------· 150.00 from that ocean every other enterprise of American citizens and everybody Extra tlrst assistant engi- Senior second engineer •. 100.00 else." neer ------· -----· ------85.00 Second engineer------·· 8:!.50 Fernando Wood said; "When the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. Shellabarger] Senior second engineer __ 70.00 Senior third engineer---- 75. 00 yesterday made his historical references to the nations of ancient and mod Junior second engineer-- 65.00 Third engineer------·· 72.50 ern times, he, in my jud~ent, failed entirely to make the pro-per applica ~enior third engineer.... 60.00 Senior fourth engineer__ 67.50 tion to the present condition and attitude of things in the United States. Junior third engineer---- 55.00 Fifth engineer------60.00 Out of all the nations to which he referred he instanced but one, which, ac Fourth engineer ·-----·-- 50.00 cording to his own argument, had advanced its commerce by subsidies, and Total ____ ------· 995.00 that was England. I think that if he will closely examine the contracts made Total ______------1,010. 00 by the British Government with these ditierent subsidized lines. he will tlnd that in every instance the bounties are S'!ven 88 an equivalent for mail car This shows an immaterial difference of $15 in favor of the British ship. rying and that outside of what is considered as such an ~Divalent not one The crew wages are as follows: dollar is given as subsidy even by the English Government 1tself." Carpenter ------·------$50.00 Carpenter ---·--...• ------____ $40.00 On May 3, 1872, Senator Morton said, wlia.t is e~en more true of the present Carpenter's mate ------·----- 35.00 Joiner_--··------··----·------· 37.50 than of the Pacitlc Mail bill: "I want to say that my information is that the Boatswain-----·------·-----· 37.50 Boatswain-----·------37.50 business of this company is prosperous; tha. t they have made money, and that Boatswain's mate------··----- 27.50 BoatBwain's mate---·------27.50 theyca.nput on this additional service without any subsidy,and weare voting Master at arms ______25.00 Boatswain's mate---·------27.50 it without any evidence\ ,:without the slightest proof that it is necessary in Sailors------25.00 Master at arms______·--- 22.50 order to procure the adaitional service and in order to sustain the inte.rests Sailors----·-----·------23.75 of commerce. We are acting without evidence, or rather we are acting in the Total.---·-----·----·--··-- 20). 00 face of evidence, for all the evidence on the subject is that this coml'any can TotaL ______---·------216.25 put on this additional service without this subsidy and that their mterests In these wages we do not flnd any material difference either. require them to do so." Stewards received the Mme amount on both the American and British Senator Harlan said, on May 7,1872: "Voting bounties or subsidies to stimu ships-$16.25. late the investment of capital in any particular branch of business is not a In the engine room., however, the wa~es paid on the American ships are desirable class of legislation. It might !>~ulate the production of C!Jrn in higher than those paia on the Brit'..sh ships: Iowa if Congress would vote an approprmtion to pay John Doe and Richard Roe 25 cents a bushel bounty on all the corn they may raise in the next ten years. I have no doubt it would increase the amount of corn that those two mdividnals would produce. But ought it to be voted on that account?" EY~~::::::::::::::::::::: ~:~ I!u-:Et:::::::::::::::::::::: ~:~ Senator McCreery said February 23,1875: "I believe that this subsidy was If we take into consideration that the ships we are comparing a.t present procured by bribe!¥. and fraud, and that is a sufficient ground for me to place have on board, say,20 greasers, 50 firemen, and 50 trimmers, we arrive at the my voteinfavorof 1tsrepeal. Other Senatorsmaycast their own votes upon 1lrst difference of some consequenoe in favor of the British ship: whatever grounds they choosei but as for my single self, I make no defense and no apology for bribery ana fraud, no matter in what shape or in what form they mal' show themselves. From the sneak thief who adroitly pur ~ ~~ E~= :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ loins your handkerchief, rising through all the grades of ~and and petit lar 50 by S7 .50------·------·:._·-----·-··------ln'5 ceny, to the lobby organized on a capital of half a million to plunder the Treasury, I condemn them all. * * * The representatives of the States Total •... ---·------·------1, 325 and the people should never cease their etl:orts until these corrupting influ This would make a d.i1!erence of $15,900 a year, to equalize which the steam ences are eXpelled in disgrace from the Capitol." ship St. PauL would recei>e a yearly subsidy of ~.5\lti . M. The Brazilian Line was subsidized from 1866 to 1876, and the American ex In the hearin~ before the House Committee on the Merchant Marine and ports to Brazil remained practically stationary at from $5,00J,OOJ to $7,000,00). Fisheries we finu a statement made by Mr. Clyde on behalf or Mr. Griscom. It was universally recognized as a failure, and the subsidy was wi~hdrawn. It reads as follows: • Wheuthesubsidywaswithdrawntheex:portsimmediatelybega.ntomcrea.se. ••The sum that the American Line ships will get under the bill will be no During the last five years they have vaned from $12,000,000 to $13.250,000 per more than sufticient to compensate their American owners for the addition in cost of furnishing ocean tran.c~portation with that type of ship as com yeThe Paciflc Mail to Japan was subsidized, and the eyports increased but parad with furnishing it under the British or Norwe~Pan or other foreign JJlightly and were about $1,.,00>,000. After the subsidy was withdrawn the flaa in the same type of ship." trade bega.r to increase, ana our exports now amount to from $17,000,000 to We have seen that the only material differences between the cost of run· J20,000,000. ning an ocean liner under the American flag and the British ftag a.l'e to be 1904. OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2223 • found in ths wages paid the h!.nds in the en.:,oine room. This dHI'erence <1oes The Georgie, with a gross tonnage considerably less than that of the St. not amount to one-twentieth of the subsidy which the American ship would Louis, and which would get only one-half as much subsidy per trip, carried r eceive. of raw farm product.c>--corn, hay, oats, straw, cattle, horses, wheat, cotton, BULK Oll' SUBSIDY WILL GO TO PA.ss:ENGER SHIPS, WHICH CA.lmY BUT and barley--.about 7,000 tons, or enough to ftil the St. Louis twice. Of these LITTLE CARGO .L"'D PRA.CTIC.A.LLY NO FAR}[ PRODUCTS. products t he St. Louis did not carry a ton. Of farm produc}.s and sem.imanufa~tured farm products. the Georgie ap. Not only are the rates of subsidy twice as high for swift passenger steam pears to have carr1ed at lea.sttwenty times as many tons as did the St. .Lou i-1. ers as for ordinary freig-hters, but, as will appear from an examination of the Or of farm products carried the St. Louis would receive a bout forty times aa nmonnts of subsidy which would go to various steamshipl'l and lines the pas much subsidy as would the Georgie. senger eteamers, at least for the first few years, would get considerably more than half of nll the subsidy given, and yet the passenger steamers do not Mr. FOSS. Mr. Chairman, I yield twenty-five minutes to the carry more than about 10 per cent of our total exports and less than 5 per gentleman from Ohio [Mr. BURTON]. cent of our agricultural exports. A careful examination of the manifests of passenger and freight steamers The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Ohio is recognized for makes this statement app&rent, :md leads to the further conclusion that the twenty-five minutes. swift pa.ssenger steam~:~rs carry mainly a high class of freight, composed Mr. BURTON. Mr. Chairman, I am opposed to the naval pro largely of manufactured goods exported at P,rices considerably below ~ose charged to American consnmere. A compa.nson of the outgomg manifests gramme exemplified by this bill. I oppose it because I believe it in· of two swift passenger with those of two freight steamers follows. volves a departure from the fundamental principles and policies The St. P aul is a swift passenger steamer of the American Line, with a which are alike the bulwark and the honor of this Republic. gross tonnage of 11,629 tons. The Manhattan is a freighter of the Atlantic Transport Company, with a It involves great extravagance; but that is, after all, a minor gro~ tonnage of 8,004 tons and a speed of 14. knots. consideration. We can in no way illnstrate the growth of our From the outgoing manifests of the St. Paul for AprilS, 1900, and of the naval establishment so well as by referring to certain fignres. Manhattan for December 16,1899, we stiiD.In.Srize the following as to the farm products carried by each: In the years 1886 and 1887 there was expended for the Navy re spectively $13,907,000 and $15,141,000. The expenditures for the ~------~----~----- year 1903 were $82,000,000. The present bill carries a total of ------~-~--- r'~--~------~ ' S~Paul. $96,000,000, almost seven times as great an amount as that ex pended in 1886, and mor~ than six times as great as the amount Bushels of corn------.------ l113,G45 None. expended in 1887. What is the need of this great Navy? What Bags of corn _-----· ------·------ 1,300 None. nation. on earth is attacking us or threatening us? Bushels of oats •..••...• __ ·---.------ 50,325 None. Sacks of oats------.------ ~ None. In 1895 the Executive insisted that Great Britain should settle Bales of hay------.------ !,518 None. a dispute with the little Republic of Venezuela by arbitration. Bales of straw ------ 262 None. The demand was complied with. In 1898 we insisted upon the Sacks of flour------ n,~ 2 Head of cattle•. ----·----- __ ------None. independence of Cuba-that it should be wrested from a country Live horses.----••••. ---_------__ .------___ --·---- __ 100 None. which had held the island for nearly four hundred years. An Boxes of hops-----·------__ ------ 1,9«> 1 attempt was made to form a combination of the nations of Europa Boxes of cheese------·------· 1,561 1,050 White-oa.k staves------ ll,2'il None. against us. That effort failed, and failed utterly. About the White-oak boards-----·------··------ 1,519 None. same time a European statesman sought to make an economic Barrels of apples ----_------.. {64 102 combination or alliance of the countries of Europe against us, so Boxes of apples------ None. 672 Hogsheads of tobacco ------.------ 24 None. that there might be retaliatory tariffs against the United States. Cases of tobacco------·------10 None. That effort failed. 200 Non~. ~~ off~~f: ::::::::::::::::: ::~::: :::::::::: :~:::::::::::: 212 2 What country is questioning our control in the Philippines? Sacks of pears ------·------ 125 99 What country held back when our President insisted that Panama Casks of tallow ------.------ ill None. be independent of Colombia? Ce~uainly there have been oppor Cases of bacon------.·------.-----. 63 35f) Noue. Z,700 tunities enough in the last six or seven years for the nations of None. l,M7 the earth to combine or intervene against us and cause us diffi E~~=~:k~~~~~~~~~~i-~~~~=~~=:::::: None. 8,140 culty; but every time we have been allowed to pursue our course as we pleased. From these manifests it is evident that the st. Paul carried practically no The fact is, we do not need a great navy unless there is a com farm_ products, unless lard, bacon dressed beef, and canned meats. Includ bination of all European powers against the United States, and ing all such products, the st. Paul apparently carried only 500 or 000 tons of anch freight. what is more unlikely? If there were a combination of all these The Manhattan, with a gross tonnage of about two-thirds that of the St. powers we could not provide a navy which could cope with them Paul, and which would get about two-flfth.s as much subsidy per trip as the without such a change in political, social, and economic conditions St. PaulJ. carried of corn alone more than enough to :fill the whole cargo ca as would be absolutely appalling to us. Indeed we could not pacity {cJ,500 tons) of the St. PauL. Of corn.. oats, hay, cattle1.snd horses the .Manhattan carried enough to fill the St. Pa'Ul twice. Of tnese distinctly build a navy greater and stronger than that of Great Britain farm products the St. Paul carried not a t.on. Of the farm products and alone. without changing the whole framework of society in this semimannfactnred farm product-s the Manhatta-n appears to have carried at least fifteen times as many tons as did the St. Paul-that is, per ton of fa.rm country. products carried (concerning which this bill professes such concern) the St. Why is it that the navy of Great Britain is so prominent, and PauZ would get thirty-seven times a.s much subsidy a.s would the Manhattan. why is it that it is maintained at its present standard in size and The St. Louis is a swift passenger steamer of the American Line, with a cross tonnage of 11,629 tons. efficiency? The Georgie is a. freight steamer of 10,077 gross tons and 13 knots speed. It is different with that country because of the great number She belongs to the White Star Line. of people engaged in shipping and fishing, the insular nature of A comparison of the outgoing manifests of the Georgie for March 13, 1m, and of the St. Louis for February 20, 1900, as to t.he farm products carried, the country, with its vast possessions over the sea, which it is nee &ives tho following results: essary to protect and foster. The very large amount of capital invested in the merchant marine, and its very great prominence ,_ Georgie. St.Louis. in the carrying trade, in itself furnishes the recruiting field for the navy, and at the same time a reason for the protection of Brit ish interests in all parts of the earth. Bushels of corn ------· ------ 85,U8 None. Again, a not insignificant feature, in which they a.re not snpe Bushels of oats .. ------ 6,900 None. Pounds of hay __ ------ 117,200 None. rior to the United States except in the longer record of years, is the Pounds of straw------1.2,005 None. great traditions of the English navy. It is thoroughly appropriate Barrels of flour ------·------··------ 355 None. Head ot cattle.----·------·------ 919 None. when they select names for their battle ships which are built to Head of horses------·------ 127 None. belch out fire and smoke that they should name them as they Bushels of wheat ------ 89,917 None. have. His Majesty's war ships, the Colossus, the Powerful, the Bales of cotton.------.------10,936 None. 9,659 None. Thunderer, and the Terrible. That which would be empty bom ~~~~J =~;-c·liee;;e:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 571. 3i7 bast in another country is entirely appropriate when we consider Boxes a.nd caE:es of bacon ______------1.624 1,162 the magnitude and strength of the EngliBh navy. Packages of la.rd. ------6,506 ~.250 Barrels of oil cake ______------783 None. What is the reason, then, for this great expenditure of $96,000, 8,661 3,781 000, an amount approaching the total that is expended for the ~~~~r~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: !,006 None. strictly civil side of the Government, bearing in mind that the Bundles of shooks------ 832 None. Barrels of tongues.------ 00 10 Post-Office is nearly self-sustaining? It means that we are invit Tierces of feet ..•.. ----··------ 16 None. ing the nations of the earth to attack us. It means that we are Tierces of tallow------ 200 None. declaring to the world that we are going to enter into a .field en· Boxes of mutton.•.•••• ---·-·------ 131 None. fuely different from that which we have occupied in the past ; Cases of wood------ fU8 None. Boxes of hams------122 12 that we are striving to dominate political affairs in other portions Tierces of bacon. ______------58 None. of the earth. Is anybody afraid of the Monroe doctrine? In ten None. 1,200 ~: ~~ ~o:O."&nd iiaillil:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: None. 002 years we have had instances enough to show that that doctrine is admitted by all nations to be an established fact in the diplomatic Thua the St. Louis carried no real farm products and only a.bout400 tons of policy of the world. It has been strained at times. in the opinion ~Y manufactured_farm products, of which dressed beef is the principal of s01:~e of us, without. awakening any op:positi?n wh~tever, ~o there IB no cloud over 1t. 01.ll" supremacy m this heiD.1Bphere 11 2224 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 22, admitted, and that supremacy will rest upon the strongest foun was ready to fight and to die for his country, but he left in his dation while it is exercised in justice and with the desire to pro Farewell Address that which is a priceless heritage, the injunc mote honesty and good faith between these republics and all the tion to cultivate and maintain peace and good will with all na nations of the earth. [Applause.] tions. fApplause on the Democratic side.] He set forth prin Mr. Calhoun said the Monroe doctrine did not mean that we are ciples which will be immortal because they are immortally right. to upJ10ld one of these South American republics if in the wrong. I wish I could with some degree of force so much as whisper in President Roosevelt, in our day, said it does not mean that we are the ears of men those words of William McKinley: to shield them from paying their honest debts. The Monroe doc Let us ever remember that our interest is in concord, not conflict; that trine is not a doctrine or proclamation of injustice to other powers. our true glory rests in the triumphs of peace, not those of war. Rightly considered it means that in this hemisphere republican Oh, but it is said," This is merely a defensive measure; the best government must prevail, and that weak nations shall be pro way to secure peace is to be ready for war, and so build up a tected against the strong. It is one which is in itself so manifestly great navy." How similar to that are the words of Uriah Heep just that no power of the world will ever dare attack it when when he said: "We know that we are humble, but we are afraid properly maintained and when it is kept within its reasonable that other people that are not humble will get the start of us." limits. The best way to secure peace is to promote every means for an I understand one gentleman of this Honse, speaking a few days amicable settlement of national controversies by an international ago, said that Germany would soon attack us. What hobgoblin tribunal like the courts which render judgments between indi disturbed him in his dreams? [Laughter.l There is just about viduals, so that its judgments may be sanctioned and enforced. as much chance of war with Germany as that by some great cata The strongest sanction that can be given as the years will go by, clysm part of the Eastern Hemisphere will slip over here, so that a force as strong as a despotism for the enforcement of its de one of her capes will abut against our country. The nations of crees, will be that of public opinion, which is the controlling force Europe respect us; they honor us, and, so far as fear is salutary, in our own country at this day. · they fear us. We have an economic advantage as compared with Every step that you take to build other battle ships and to in any part of the whole world. They know that in war our friend crease the Navy is another influence against settling disputes in ship is necessary. War is not a matter alone of battle ships, nor this way. Is there no voice to be raised among us in favor of of men and cannon, but of resources and of staying qualities, of making advancement in settling the world's controversies in an ability to provide for the strain and distress of a great struggle. amicable manner? Are we to go even ahead of the other nations What nation of Europe, if it were engaged in war, would desire in our naval programme? I want to call attention to this report to lose our friendship and good will? to show that in comparison with us France and Germany and There is another very important phase of this question. The other powers are abating in their efforts for a greater navy. It tendency of the present time is toward peace. The situation is is the United States that is going ahead with the greatest rapidity; now such in the Old World that no country can go to war with it is the United States that is saying we must be prepared for out grave reason, at least without incurring the condemnation of war; it is the United States that is saying, in effect, if not in the rest. Since 1815, during which time, as it would seem, the words, we are to be ready for war, which means that we invite world has grown in inventions and in the improvements which war. come with civilization more than in all the centuries before, the I want to call attention briefly, for this is a matter which pre nations of Europe have tried to maintain peace and amity, be sents some political considerations, to several paragraphs in the cause they knew that war, with its devastation and bloodshed, Democratic national platform of 1900. That platform says: brings unhappiness and calamity to all the nations of the earth. So the nations are warned they must not go to war unless they We are in favor of extending the Re-public's influence among the nations. but believe that influence should be extended not by force or violence, but have the most weighty reasons. Now, here is our country, one through the persuasive power of a high and honorable example. which should most of all set an example which shall look to ward a better day of pea~e and amity, that is spending six times Now, did you mean it? Was it merely an idealistic dream on as much for its Navy as it did seventeen years ago. We have that hot day at Kansas City, or was it an expression of the policy nothing to do with their rivalries and quarrels. Almost as much of the party? Has that idea outlawed since 1900? If so, how long as by our republican institutions and the push and energy of the does it take for the declaration in a party platform to outlaw? Is it American citizen we have gained our present standing among the three years or is it four years? Will that clause, or one similar to nations of the earth by our splendid isolation. We are remote it, be repeated by your convention in 1904? In the face of that, from wars and conflicts. Shall we declare to the nations of the are you going to vote for a $100,000,000 naval bill to-day? earth that we will depart from those old policies; that new am I say this not with any accusation that this plank was mere bitions inspire and actuate us? Shall our battle ships line up buncombe in that party platform. I say it because I think this with the battle ships of the countries which for centuries have question should be viewed from the broad standpoint of states· been IIUintaining an extensive and depressing military establish manship, of what is best not for a political party or organization, ment? but for our common country. It might even have been less im If so, the indication does not look toward peace; it looks toward portant whether we elected McKinley or Bryan in 1900, important war, and we will be taking a backward step. "My art, it was as it was, in comparison with the great questions that might arise but justice." were the words the dramatist put in the mouth of affecting the whole future of the Republic. Cardinal Richelieu. Our art and our glory, they are but justice. Again it was said in that platform: [ Applauso.] And if we stand for the triumphs of just diplomacy We oppose militarism. rather than by those of cannons and guns, we will gain the Well, is not a navy a part of militarism? Is not the desire to be respect of the world. Oh, but, some one says, it needs war to second in the nations of the earth with your Navy an up building of bestir and maintain our manhood. There are enough opportuni militarism? Has anyone from that side filed a minority report on ties for heroism in this world, with its tragedies and difficulties, any naval bill that has come into the Honse within the last three without war. I have listened here sometimes to men who fo or four years? If not, why are these planks in your platform mented conflict by their utterances. I have wished there was a there if you are in favor of this large programme, this extended rule in this Honse that when a man talked in favor of war it expenditure, this declaration to the world that America is to be a should be settled that in case war ensued he must stand in the military power? Are these declarations to be repeated when you most conspicuous place on the firing line for at least the length meet at St. Louis, or wherever you meet? We should cry halton of time he consumed in his speech. [Applause.] every issue that looks toward war or the preparation for war. This ''They are the men behind the guns,'' says one of our humor should not be a party question. ists; "yes,4,000miles behind the gun and willing to be farther." One gentleman, as I understand, opposed this bill because the (Applause.] We can not afford as a country to allow our exam material for the Navy was made by the trusts. That shows how. ple to be exerted in the d.irection of war and great military estab when a man gets a fad in his mind, he will go astray. You will lishments. It is not alone the first expense, which will increase never attack the naval programme with any such popgun as that far more than we can realize, but we must consider that proba by saying that the material that belongs in the ships is made by a bly for every dollar invested in a battle ship, in a short space of trust. There is a broader and higher ground, and that is its ef years $10 will be required for the maintenance and equipment fects upon the future of this great nation~ upon civilization here of the ambitious naval establishment which is projected. You and everywhere. Shall our statesmanship, with its aspirations. must have dry docks and you musthavenaval stations; you must its forecast of the future, look toward peace and amity and good have coaling stations and colliers, with all the incidents which will, or shall it look toward the bloody days of war? For one I belong to a great navy. Nearly one hundred millions will be ex want to say that I am unable to vote for a bill that carries so pended now and far more in the early future. But far more im large an amount as this. I am unable to vote for a bill that de portant than the expenditure of money is the threatening prospect clares that the United States, which should be the herald of peace, for the future which this policy affords. the leader in all great movements of civilization. is going to ·.. I wish that the words of him whose birthday we celebrate to double and treble and quadruple its Navy, all under the state day could be heard again. His heart was always for peace. He ment that we claim that it is in the interest of peace. 1904 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2225 ' Gentlemen, you are not. going to make the world think that it Affairs presented at the first session of the Forty-seventh Con is in the interest of peace. I doubt whether, if you reflect upon gress, in March, 1882, which would appear to settle this much it in your own inner consciousness, you believe that these battle mooted question at once and for all time. This report, which ships and cruisers and torpedo boats mean that. They mean, containsmorethan200 pages, was prepared by the Hon. Benjamin rather, the gratification of a desire that we shall enjoy the tri W. Harris, a Member of Congress from Massachusetts, who was umphs of war upon the land and the sea again. I would not de at that time chairman of the House Committee on Naval Affairs. tract from the glories of the American Navy. I believe it is an effi Mr. Harris is still living, at the age of some four score years, and cient naval .force, one which, as ex-President Harrison said, man still in perfect possession of that splendid mental vigor and equip for man, gun for gun, shall be the best in the world; but this bill ment which rendered him a man of large influence while serving means something very different from that. This is a programme in this House. I am not aware that he has ever complaine:l be far more ambitious and emphatic. It seems to display a desire cause a deserved credit fairly due him has never, up to the pres that the future policy of this country shall be one of conflict. ent time, been accorded him. nor am I aware that he has ever [Applause.] made complaint when the credit has been given to others, which The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Ohio has he has so well earned and fairly belongs to him. This report expired. ought to settle the question without further discussion. ·Mr. FOSS. Mr. Chairman, I yield so much of my time remain It sets forth the weakness of our Navy as it existed in 1882, ing to the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. PowERs] as he showing that we had at that time only thirty-eight vessels which desires. could be of any possible service in naval warfare, most of which The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Massachusetts is rec were second-rate ships, not one w~ll adapted for service, and many ognized for forty minutes. of which were built during the civil war, and even prior to that Mr. POWERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Chairman, I will say time. The total tonnage of these thirty-eight vessels amounted that I shall take but a very few moments. Since I have been a to some 37,000, about the equal of the tonnage of two of our Member of this House I have taken great pleasure in following large battle ships at the present time. They carried only 357 guns the magnificent leadership of the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. BuR of all calibers, none of which were of high power or breech TON] who has just taken his seat. I have recognized in the gen loaders. tleman great learning. great ability, and great leadership. I have This report, after pointing out the great naval strength of other seen him bring onto the floor of this House a bill carrying an ap commercial nations, goes on to state that long delay looking to propriation of from fifty to sixty millions of dollars for internal im the building up of our Navy would not only be a folly but even provements and carry that bill through and defend it perfectly to a crime. the end. I remember that something like twenty years ago one The report, in taking up the question of material for the con of my predecessors was defeated for what was called his vote for struction of the Navy, says that the first question involved is a river and harbor" steal." and yet it was a bill·which carried whether steel or iron shall be used in the construction of vessels an appropriation of only fifteen or twenty m:j.llions of dollars. recommended to be built. The report tpen goes on to state the Still, under the educating influence of my friend from Ohio arguments in favor of the adoption of steel, reaching the con [Mr. BURTON] to-day the American people thoroughly believe in clusion that steel if; the best possible mate1·ial for ship construc the improvement of our rivers and harbors, and no man in my tion, and says that the committee unhesitatingly recommends its district oould be elected to-daJ who did not vote for a liberal ap adoption. And the committee, in this report, recommends the propriation in favor of such internal improvements. But I have construction of the larger types of vessels to be built of steel to recognized to-day in the speech of the gentleman from Ohio what be the most effective. both in speed and power. seems to me to be a false note. I have recognized in that speech The report concludes by saying that the report made by the a want of that spirit and broad-mindedness which has character committee is entirely unanimous. ~nd that no question of politics ized his career since he has been a Member of this House. If I or party interest has for a moment divided it, and closes with the understand correctly his proposition, it is that the time has come following language: when the United States can well afford to abandon its Navy and We see the country which we love and honor with equal zeal, a country disband its Army, and yet I bear in mind, as you do, that it has which ought even now to lead the world in commerce, and which, from its great promise, may justly aspire to become the ruler of the seas, helpless on been less than six years since the treaty of peace between this the ocean to defend itself against even the feebler naval powers, and, with country and Spain, coming after a war that was carried on and out division of ff3ntiment. seek to provide partial present remedy for so won by the magnificent spirit and conduct of the United States grave a misfortune, and the beginning of a policy which may lead up to the Navy. hoped for results. - · I want to ask my friend from Ohio what could we have done Mr. Harris has lived to see the fruition of his hopes, the build for Cuba if we had been in the condition which the United States ing up of a great navy, which will stand third in tonnage and Navy was in twenty years ago? We could not have carried on a second in efficiency among the nations of the world, when the war which we claimed at that time and which we claim now was ships now under COD.f?truction are completed. in the interests of humanity. But let us lo0k at the world at No one can read the vigorous language contained in that report la,rge. To-day the United States has a navy which ranks fifth in without fUlly comprehending that the Naval Committee of the magnitude among the navies of the world. Great Britain stands Forty-seventh Congress, of which Mr. Harris was chairman, be first, with a navy which has a tonnage of 1,516,040. Franee lieved in the building up of an effieient navy, not for the purpose comes next. with anavy having a tonnage of 576.108. Then comes of warfare, but-as a safeguard for peace. The committee reached Russia, with a navy having a tonnage of 416,158; then Germany, this conclusion not as Republicans, not as Democrats, but as with a tonnage of 387,874, and the United States, with a tonnage American citizens. more interested in the safety and development of 294,405. In this table accompanying the committee's report of the country than in the success of party ambition. will be found the comparative strength of the United States when Mr. Chairman, what do you suppose was our naval strength in the ships which we are now building are completed. 1882? That is only twenty-two years ago; yet in 1882 we had It will give us a navy having a tonnage of 616,275, and make us but thirty-eight vessels, many of them built during the civil war; a rank as the third navy in the world, and in efficiency at least the few small vessels built directly after the civil war; and the total second. To-day, while this bill is under discussion, two of the tonnage of our entire navy in 1882, twenty-two years ago, was great nations of the earth are engaged in war; one a nation repre 37,000. To-day we build two great battle ships which have a senting 140,000,000 of people of the Caucasian race, and the other combined tonnage nearly equal to that of the entire navy in 1882. a nation representing 40,000,000 of people of a different race. So The total number of guns on those thirty-eight vessels was 357; far the war has not been upon land, but has been upon the seas. and there was ~ot a single gun that was known as a breech-load While Great Britain, and France, and Germany, and all the na ing, rifled, long-range gun on any one of those thirty-eight ves tions of Europe are increasing their navies, what right have we sels. We built between 1865 and 1882 a number of small vessels, to say that this nation, with the greatest seacoast of any nation of which the tota~ tonnage was olliy 11,400. on the face of the globe; bathed, as it is, by the Atlantic on the But in 1882 the Committee onNavalAffairs of this House came one side and the Pacific upon the other-what right have we to forward with a proposition to build up a steel navy, and we com say that we are secure, unless we have a navy that compares menced soon after that the building up of this great navy which favorably with the navies of the great nations of the earth? is the pride of the American people. Dui-ing the past fifteen years there has been a large_amount of Mr. Chairman, I deny that we are building up a navy to-day discussion with reference to the origin of what is known as the for the purpose of warfare. I deny that we are building up a ''new" or "steel'' Navy. There has been more disGussion as to navyto-dayas achallenge to any country on the face of the globe. whom the credit is due for originating this new method of cons:truc We are building up -this navy for what purpose? For the pur tion. Men high in office and in the councils of each political party pose of our own defense and the defense and protection of Amer have at different times been credited with the _honor of being the ican commerce. Go back in American history and see what has author or father of the new Navy. been the result when we have not had a navy. At the close_of I have before me the report of the House Committee on Naval the Revolutionary war we practically had no navy, and what X.XXVIII-140 2226 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 22, was the result? The first we knew there commenced reprisals on Kindly use your good offices in having the bill pass at a straight salary of $700 per annum. om commerce in the Mediterranean Sea. The pirates of Algiers If Congress should see fit to give us the fifteen days off ~ch year on full came out and demanded tribut-e of the United States. And what pay and all the national holidays we would certainly appreciate it very much. did we do? We were at their mercy. We did what ma~y other Thanking you in advance for the kindness you may do us, we beg to remain. nations did at that time. We paid them a tribute amounting to Very respectfully, yours, CHARLES W. PUR!IAN. more than $1,000,000 for the protection of our commerce in the HENRY C. DAVIS. Mediterr{)onean and adjoining seas. And why did we do it? Simply • ALEX. R P .A.RKER. because we had no navy to defend our commerce. And then Mr. FOSS. Mr. Chairman, I call for the reading of the bill. France, seeing our weakness, brought on the naval warfare which Mr. WILLIAMS of MississiJ>pi. Mr. Chairman, has the entire followed. Great Britain, seeing our weakness on the sea, brought time for general debate expired? on the war of 1812. Then the American people-a maritime peo The CHAIRMAN. The time for general debate upon the part ple, a composite people, for our people have come from the great of the minority has closed. There are still twenty minutes re maritime races of the world, from Portugal, from Spain from maining to the majority. Sweden, from Great Britain, and from France-took measures to Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. If the gentleman does not meet the emergency. We then built up a navy and fought out need that time, we would like to have it. that war of 1812 upon the lakes and upon the sea in a manner that Mr. FOSS. I think we had better go on with the reading of I reflected great credit upon the American seaman. the bilL Suppose we had had a great navy at the opening of onr civil Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Mr. Chairman, I ask unani war. It might have averted war. But now we have reached the mous consent to be recognized for twenty minutes. time when we are building up this Navy. And why are we build The CHAIRMAN. The Chair is unwilling to entertain that ing it up? We are not building it up for the purpose of being requestt the Honse having fixed the time-five hours on either the greatest nation upon the seas; but we are building it up for side. The five hours of the minority having expired, if the ma the purpose of having peace between ourselves and the rest of the jority do not see fit to use their time, the Chair will hold that world. that has expired also, and will direct the reading of the bill. My friend from Ohio says that we are an isolated nation. That Mr. WILLIAMS of Missi sippi. If the Chair will excuse me a may have been true years ago, but it is not true now. That was moment, I think the Chair perhaps may take a different view of true in 1882, when the House Committee came out in favor of a that. It was understood, upon this side, at any rate, that if any stronger and larger Navy. But it is not true to-day. The Ameri thing arose in the debate demanding reply, thirty minutes would can flag to-day floats over Porto Rico. It floats thousands of be given to this side over and above what was given. Now, I miles to the westward, near the scene of the- great conflict that understand the gentleman from illinois did not so understand the is going on to-day. American commerce is whitening the seas, agreement-- and American commerce must be protected. Mr. FOSS. I was not a party to that. Talk about tha expense. I admit that this bill carries a large Mr. WILLIAMS of.Mississippi. But the gentlem"an from Geor amount· but suppose, Mr. Chairman, that some naval power were gia told me that that was the agreement. to clo e for a single week the port of New York, what would be The CHAIRMAN. That argument should be addressed to the the expense to the American people? gentleman from illinois. The Chair knew nothing about it. To my mind, Mr. Chairman, it-is the duty of this House to vote· Mr-. FOSS. I was not a party to the agreement. the appropriation that is now called for. In voting that appro The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will read. priation I believe that we vote in accordance with the sentiment The Clerk read as follows: of the American people. I am aware that the American people PAY OF THE N.AVY. are at variance upon questions of the tariff; they are at variance Pay and allowances prescribed bf.law of officers on sea duty; officers on upon the question of coinage and banking; they are at variance shore and other duty; officers on wruting orders; officers on the retired list; upon many questions connected with political economy. But, clerks t.o commandants of yards and stations; clerks to J>aymasters at yards and stations; general sto1·ekoopers; receiving ships and other ve!:sels; com so·far as·I have been able to observe, the American people are mutation of quarters for officers on shore not occupying public quarters, not in any way at variance on the question of building up a includin&" boatswains, gunnersJ carpenters, sail:makers, warrant machinists, navy which shall give us the strength upon the seas that we have pharmaCISts, and mates, and alSO naval constructors and assistant naval con· structors; pa.y of enlisted men on the retired list; extra. pay to men reenlist upon the land and which shall give protection to the American ing under honorable discharge; interest on deposits by men; pay of petty citizen'wherever he may be and to American commerce wherever officers, seamen, landsmen, and apprentices, including men in the engineers' it may float. [Applause.] force, and men detailed for duty with Naval Militia, and for the Fish Com· ' mission, 31.500 men; the 3, that will be the case on that side of the Chamber, and why? Be papers and otherwise, insulted Germany; you have engaged in cause, after all, thi is not and can not be a party question. It this rapid-transit business in Panama, and the whole world sits becomes a question for each Representative to decide in his own quiet. Why? Because they know war with the United States mind as to whether he thinks a particular battl-e ship, a particu would be unprofitable from every sort of standpoint. lar cruiser, a partiettlar naval station, started for the first time Gentleman ought not to try to put the Democratic party in the in this bill and not requiring merely clothing and food and equip attitude of in-consistency because it has said it is in favor of be ment for tho e taking care of an existing situation, is necessary coming a "war power' by setting a great example to the world, or is unnecessary. That is a qu.estion of business, of common rather than going around armed as a bully inviting attack, and still sense for each Member to decide. Now I am glad to hear a voice does not vote down an appropriation bill to clothe and feed Ameri raised on that side, which means logically, whatever it may have can sailors or to keep ships already in commission afloat and to go meant to mean otherwise-means, when carried to its last logical on with the contracts we already have made. [Loud applause on analysis, this-that some of you are beginning to awaken to the the Democratic side.] idea that the more money which is spent in" world-powering" [Here the hammer fell.] "world-powering" with chips upon our shoulders as bullies in Mr. BURTON. · Mr. Chairman. I certainly did not make my the arena of the nations-the less money there is left to make us self clear to the gentleman from :Mississippi if he has gathered really strong and great and powerful and rich at home. from what I said any intimation that I favored allowing battle The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. ships now under way to remain incomplete or to abandon the Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Mr. Chairman, as a substi maintenance of the Navy. I ,did say that I should vote against tute for my previous motion I move to strike out the last two this bill. and I expect to do so if opportunity offer . words. 1 Mr. WILLIAMS of Missis ippi. You asked us if we would not The CHAIRMAN. In the opinion of the Chair, it is not in join you now in the consideration of that platform. order for the gentleman to make that motion at this time. Mr. BURTON. Yes, sir. But what it seems to me was clear Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Then I ask unanimous con enough was this, that a material modification ought to be made sent to occupy five minutes more. in this bill. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Mississippi asks unani :M.r. WILLIAMS of Mississippi I think so, too. (Applause on mous consent to occupy five minutes more. Is there objection? the Democratic side.] The Chair hears none. Mr. BURTON. That the further construction of battle shi s Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Now, Mr. Chairman, there is should be abandoned until we are done with those ready b not a dollar that you put into a vain-aye, vainglorious-old course of building, and I really can not see how the minority is Roman or modern land-grabbing national policy that does not doing its duty to this House and to the country without taidn L subtract a dollar somewhere from a schoolhouse, from a good stand in that direction. road, from the comfort of home, or from river improvement or Mr. WILLIAM W. KITCHIN. Will the gentleman permit an harbor deepening, or from a public building in the United Stat-es. interruption right there? Now, Mr. Chairman, I want to add that the most defensible of Mr. BURTON. Certainly. all these appropriations are the appropriations for a navy. I do not Mr. WILLIAM W. KITCHIN. Four years ago the minority see why this country needs more than 25,000 to 35,000 soldiers at filed views against the then pending naval bill. and, so far as I the most. I do not see why she needs all this money being ap know. it is the only time that such a thing has been done. We propriated for fortifications. I believe that.the advice which was fought all these things over, we called attention to these increases given by the oracle to Themistocles and the other Athenians and extravagances. We received no support, as I recollect, from who asked it in the ancient days was good for them, and with a that Bide of the House at all. If we had then had the influen-ce of change of language is good for us. The reply of the oracle was the gentleman aiding us, we might have accomplished more. We that "the best fortification uf Athens was wooden walls," and have in every Congress since then protested against these increases. when they went back they construed that to mean ships-at that We have given the gentleman and his friends an opportunity here day built out of wood; and of all the money that you are going to to vote to cut down expenses. · spend for military preparation and military defense the money Mr. BURTON. The gentleman is ma:dng a rather 1engthv best spent is that spent in steel and iron ships-iron walls. [Ap statement. I am glad to be informed- - • plause.] Instead of waiting until the enemy lands to devastate Mr. WILLIAM W. KITCHIN. The minority have taken the your shores and to kill yon or be killed by you, yon should, so far position, as I understand it-certainly those for whom I could as possible, sink him at sea. speak have taken the position-that the gentleman has advocated Speaking for myself, I shall be glad to cooperate with the gen here to-day. tleman bn the other side in cutting down the Army of the United Mr. BURTON. I am glad to be informed that at one time a States to 25,000 or 30,000 men, that are needed for the most part minority report was filed. I was not aware of that fact, but if for police supervi~ion. by the way. I would be glad if the money there is a sincere desire to caiTy out and mak-e part of the policy taken from that sort of expenditure and from fortification could of this country the provision of the Kansas City platform why be put into the work of home development and some of it into be satisfied with filing one minority""report? Is it not the duty naval defense. of the minority to maintain that contest, to be strenuous about it Naval defense, not offense. Why, Mr. Chairman, we have had to the end, with each bill, not to stop and refer to the R ECORD of some experience lately that ought to teach us a lesson in the four years ago, but to continue it from that time to this? · way of making us feel more safe about ourselves. We have here Mr. WILLIAM W. KITCHIN. Will the gentleman permit a great continental isolation, 3,000 miles of ocean on one Bide and another interruption? twice as many upon the other. What was the experience of The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from Ohio yield to the Great Britain in the last Boer war? She found that even with the gentleman from North Carolina? · great leviathans of the deep she could hardly transport more than Mr. BURTON. Certainly. I would prefer not to have it too one regiment of men at one time in one ship. with their arms, long. provisions, and accouterments. What was the consequence? One Mr. WILLIAM W. KITCHIN. Does the gentleman wish to of the most powerful and wealthy nations, considering its popula state to this Honse that the only way to oppose a bill or to under tion and area, upon the face of this globe found it almost impos take to reduce its extravagances is to file a minority report? Why sible to carry troops enough to guard communication from the of course we fight the bill out here. Nobody is in favor of a~ seacoast, rail communication and otherwise, and put itself upon propriating nothing for the Navy. We are all in favor of a · an actual fighting parity, man for man and gun for gun, in the gradual increase and of a faithful maintenance of what we have field with a little republic in the center of Africa. ~ut it is not re,qn_ired of us, I ~k, to file minority views every It will be very hard indeed for any nation in this world, trans; time, because 1t lS a matter of Judgment upon each item in the porting her troops in ships, a regiment at a time, to land upon bill. We do not oppose the making of a proper appropriation. the American coast a number of men that could not be starved to Mr. BURTON. Will the gentleman state how many votes have death in very short order, or bodily surrounded and overcome by been mustered on his side at any time in favor of a reduction? the National Guard and militia of the neighborhood, if even our Mr. WILLIAM W. KITCHIN. I can not state the number regular forces could not be gotten up. And then, if, furthermore, but I can state that a large majority of our side have been i~ the enemy are to run the gantlet of an American Navy at sea, favor of it on every occasion when a test vote has been taken, in though not of "world-power" and world-conquering proportions, my judgment. but simply of American proportions for home defense, they would Mr. BURTON. Will the gentleman state- find it a yet more difficult job. MI. WILLIAM W. KITCIDN. And I should like to $1.Slr the And do you think they do not know that as well as we know it? gentleman, how many votes have you mustered on your side in They know it vastly better. favor of your views? But yon have entered upon this "world-power" arena. Yon Mr. BURTON. Will the gentleman state on what occasions have twisted the British lion's tail; you have, through the news- these votes were taken that he refers to? 2230 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 22, Mr. WILLIAM W. KITCHIN. There has been a test upon Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I do not want yon to think every occasion, a-s I recollect, in the last five years, and one test that I think so. here this afternoon. :Mr. BURTON. Thirty-eight millions of dollars are now lying :M:r. BURTON. Is it not true that the leader of the minority in the Treasury available for river and harbor improvements, on this committee, the leading representative of the Democratic nearly twice as great an amount as was ever expended in a single party on this committee, favored this bill in toto? He, of course, year. The sundry civil bill will carry probably an additional can answer for himself. amount of $8,000,000! making in all $46,000,000. Mr. WILLIAM W. KITCHIN. The gentleman who represents Mr. GROSVENOR. Will the gentleman allow me a question? the minority on this committee can answer for himself, but what The CHAIRMAN. Does·the gentleman from Ohio yield to his I have stated is that the majority of the Democratic membership colleague? of this Honse have heretofore taken the position that the minority, Mr. BURTON. Certainly. with whom I have cooperated, have taken. Mr. Gl"tOSVENOR. Is the gentleman also able to state the Mr. BURTON. I think, Mr. Chairman amount of money that will be carried in the sundry civil bill for Mr. RIXEY. I should just like to state- the purposes of public buildings? The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from Ohio yield to the Mr. BURTON. That I am not posted upon. I can not state gentleman from Virginia? that. I have no doubt it is a large amount. Mr. BURTON. Yes. . Mr. GROSVENOR. Is it not a fact that it will be much larger Mr. RIXEY. I should like to state to my friend that when this than ever carried by any public-building bill except that of last matter was in committee there was a motion to eliminate the bat year? tle ship and the armored cruisers, upon the ground that the naval Mr. BURTON. I should presume so, but I am not accurately establishment recommended one battle ship, one armored cruiser, informed upon that question. · and three protected cruisers, and stated in their recommendation That makes $46,000,000 to be expended the coming year, more that they were to be considered in the order of their importance than twice as much as was expended in any single year since the in the inverse order-that is, the three protected cruisers first, beginning of river and harbor improvements. What does that then the armored cruiser, and then the battle ship, and a majority show? That it would be futile to pass a river and harbor bill of the minority members of the committee thought that the battle with this situation. If there is any lack of promptness in the ship and the armored cruiser might be left out of this bill. prosecution of that class of public work, the blame rests with the Mr. BURTON: However, is it not true that they favored an machinery of the executive department, which carries out the increase of the Navy by building additional ships at this time? will of Congress. It is our intention to bring in a bill carrying Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Not to the same extent as the an amount sufficient to maintain the work not expressly provided majority. for. Thus if any reproach can rest upon this side of the Honse, The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Ohio has or upon anybody, I am willing to take the reproach myself, be expired. _ cause, as it seems to me, it was a sensible thing to do under the Mr. WILLIAM W. KITCHIN. I ask unanimous consent, Mr. circumstances. Chairman, that the time of the gentleman from Ohio be extended Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Mr. Chairman, I do not want five minutes. to be misunderstood there. I hope the gentleman does not think Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I wish to amend the request I am blaming him? by asking that the gentleman be allowed ten minutes additional. Mr. BURTON. Certainly not. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Mississippi asks unani Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I am blaming the system and mous consent that the time of the gentleman from Ohio be ex the necessity for it. tended ten minutes. Is there objection? Mr. BURTON. I think the system is wrong. The work, as There was no objection. prosecuted by the engineers engaged-not from their fault, but Mr. BURTON. This may be taken as true.- because of the insufficient number of them-proceeds tardily. 1\fr. RIXEY. Do you want an answer to your question? It sh<;mld also be said that the delays in preparing the plans and Mr. BURTON. I should like to be uninterrupted for a mo- the time required by the Attorney-General's Department in con -ment. The enlargement of the Navy has proceeded with the ap demning necessary property are factors in the situation. proval of the majority of the minority, and the minority have at Now, something has been said about our being a world power. least been unfortunate in the impression created i.n the country, I do not see what blame can rest upon the Republican party in that this bill with its incidents, with the increases involved, has that respect. We took possession of the Philippines because we been framed in accordance with the substantially unanimous supposed our intervention over there was just as necessary as in judgment of this Honse. Now, the gentleman from Mississippi Cuba. Whatever the decision may be, one thing is certain, makes some remarks in regard to-- 1 whether it was well for the United States or not, it was well for Mr. VANDIVER. Will my friend allow a single suggestion? the inhabitants of the Philippine Islands that we should take pos The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman yield to the gentle session, and the Republican party proposes to administer that man from Missouri? trust and maintain order and advance civilization if it can pos Mr. BURTON. I do. sibly be done. [Applause.] I do not want to be understood as a Mr. VANDIVER. I heartily approve the position that the gen nonresistant. A great deal has been said in favor of withdrawal tleman is so ably championing; but I want to inform him also from the Philippines. Suppose in the face of brigandage andre that he is mistaken in supposing that this position which he is bellion there the flag that went proudly into Manila Harbor should now controverting has been unanimous or even had the support come down. Suppose the American Army and Navy should do of the majority of the minority either in the committee orin the what they have never done in history-give way without a fight Honse. in the face of a foe, and our troops sail away. The leaders of the Mr. BURTON. Then, what is the attitude of the minority? party that brought it about might a-s well call on the rocks and Here is the plain platform of 1900, on which the minority do not hills to fall on them to hide them from the condemnation they agree. One of the most unequivocal and clearest provisions in would receive from the people of this country and f1·om the world. the platform. How could that minority if it ever w:shed to seek Of that much we may be sure. the approval of the citizens of the country who oppose the en Mr. HARDWICK. Mr. Chairman- largement of the Navy claim that they made effective opposition The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from Ohio yield to the to it? Here is the plank of the platform. He who runs may gentleman from Georgia? read. It is as clear as anything there; and this confession is Mr. BURTON. Certainly. made: We do not agree in supporting that plank of the platform. Mr. HARDWICK. I desire to ask the gentleman this question: If that be the case, how does the country know that yon will Does the gentleman from Ohio now contend that there is a state agree if ever it should happen that yon should get into power? of war and brigandage in the Philippines now? Were these mere appeals to be observed and regarded by you or Mr. BURTON. I do contend this, that without an efficient utterly disregarded, as you should choose? constabulary there would be outbreaks, though great results have Mr. VANDIVER. If the gentleman will allow me, I merely been accomplished by our control there. suggest- :Mr. HARDWICK. One further question. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Missouri, if he desires Mr. BURTON. I hardly see how this applies to the line of ar to interrupt. will address the Chair. gument to which I have been addressing myself. 1\Ir. BURTON. I shall have to decline. Mr. HARDWICK. I do not want to draw the gentleman from Now, mention has been made of the omission to pass a river the line of his argument, but the gentleman was discussing the and harbor bill at this session. It is probable that the responsi question of withdrawing or not withdrawing from the Philippine bility for that rests very largely with the committee, and, of Islands, or whether or not we were under fire there. The gentle course, if there is any blame it will rest upon its chairman. I am man, then, is in favor, as I understand it, of withdrawing from perfect~y willing to take that responsibility. there as soon as the islands are pacified? 1904. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2231 Mr. BURTON. Whether there is a firing line there or not it very walls that the gentleman from Mi sis ippi describes as de would be a surrender; it would be a withdrawal that would have fensive of Athens are defensive to-day, except that they are steel in it the elements of cowardice. That is what I meant·to say. instead of wood, and the po ition of the Republican party is well Mr. HARD WICK. Why S01 if resistance has ceased? stated in the platform, which I will read: Mr. BURTON. Because we took possession there for a pur E...~RG~""T OF THE NAVY. po e, and that purpose would be abandoned entirely if we should The peace and security of the Republic, and the maintenance of its l'ight leave. ful influence among the nations of the earth demand a naval power eom mensnr te with its position and r esponsibility. We therefore fa>or the Mr. FOSS. 1\h·. Chairman may I ask the gentleman a question? continued enlargement of the Navy and a complete system of harbor and The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman yield to the gentleman seacoast defenses. from Illinois? Now this supplements the doctrine of our Democratic friends. Mr. BURTON. Certainly I yield to the gentleman from Illi 1 nois, and I desire to thank the gentleman from illinois for giving You add the two together and you have something substantial; me time, because he knew I was going to speak against this bill. take off the enlargement of the Navy to meet the conditions we Mr. FOSS. I would like to ask the gentleman whether or not are confronted with, and yon have simply got the Lord's Prayer he thinks that we ought to have a fleet in the Orient large enough for the purposes of defending the United States of America and strong enough to protect the Philippines? [laughter on the Republican side], and that has never proved Mr. BURTON. Why, I presume I should say yes. What is effective. the reason though, that we need any more battle ships to protect The battle ship is the great ocean policeman to keep the peace on the Philippines? Who is raising any cry against us? Who is the high seas. It j s the defense of our seacoast and ou:r Demo threatening to attack the Philippines at all? cratic opponents will not dare raise their voices against voting a Mr. FOSS. In reply to that let me answer him in the words of liberal appropriation ~or the American Navy. They will take Admiral Dewey: shelter} if at all, on the ground that the amount proposed is more I asked Genernl Young the other_ day, when we were on the joint board, than is needed. The question after all, on both sides of this House, ''In case we should have a war"-God forbid!"-" how lo~ could the Army is as to what would be a just and reasonable amount of increase stay in the Philippines after the Navy lefU" He said," SIX weeks; possibly under existing conditions. two months." The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Iowa has Mr. BURTON. Why, Mr. Chairman, that goeson theassump expired. - · · tion we are going to have a war, that we will be involved in a Mr. WILLIAM W. KITCHIN. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman quarrel. Now, a quarrel if it arose with reference to the Philip from Iowa [Mr. LACEY]: I think, stJ.ted the meat of this propo i pines would require a naval force in excess, if there is a united tion. Suppose one side of this Hou e is in favor of a large in mo\'"ement against us, of any yon are even proposing to bnild. crease in the Navy each Member of it might well differ as to The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. what specific increa e should be had each year. One man might · Without objection, the pro forma amendment will be considered be in favor of one battle ship a year~ another of two battle ships as withdrawn. a year, and another of a dozen battle ships a year; and in addi Mr. LACEY. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last tion to the battle ships one might be in favor of one armored word. I was at some loss to detel'IIline whether the gentleman cruiser each year, and another of two armored cruisers, and an from Ohio in quoting the Democratic platform on the subject on other of a dozen. If the other side of the Honse is in favor of a the Navy, did so with an approval-- smaller increase each year, they might differ as to what that in ::Mr. BURTON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield for a crease should be. One might be in favor of one battle ship1 an question? · other of two battle ships; or one might be in favor of one cruiser, The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from Iowa yield? another of two cruisers, another might be in favor of one battle Mr. LACEY. Certainly. ship and a cruiser, and another might favor two of each. :Mr. BURTON. I may say that there was an implied approval I think if anyone should take the pains to go back and examine of the sentiment there; but I think the gentleman will recall that the history of the increase of the Navy for the last six or seven I asked the question as to what had been done by the party in years he would find that while both sides were in favor of an in pursuance thereof. crease of the Navy, while neither side was in favor of" standing Mr. LACEY. I think the Democratic side of this Chamber pat" on it! yet he would find that the Republican party has been misunderstood my friend as indorsing their platform and speak in favor of enormous increase) entailing vastly increased and. in ing for it With approval. I hope they did. I was at some little my judgment, extravagant expenses on the people 1 and that this loss to im.derstand the position he took. Bnt. in order that in the side has been in favor of a more economical, a more moderate in R ECORD the statement of the Republican party on this question crease~ I belong to that class of Democrats who believe that we may be clearly set out1 I desire to read what that party says on ought to increase the Navy, but increase it gradually and mod this subject. erately. I, myselfJ would not object to having a stated pro ~ . Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Before the gentleman does gramme providing for a certain number of battle ships and a t that. will he let me ask him a question? certain number of armored cruisers, to be constructed during a ( Mr. LACEY. Certainly. certain period cf years. I am not in favor of a " stand pat" policy I Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. In so far as that particular and declaring to the world that we will no longer increase the / sentiment rea{} by the gentleman from Ohio is concerned, do you Navy. i not indorse the Democratic platform? WhyJ Congress has in the last few years, in a single•session, Mr. LACEY. I am going to give you what I believe on that passed bills authorizing the construction of ships that would cost, l subject. when put u_pon the seas, 850,000,000. Thirty millions of dollars \ Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Iwouldliketoknow,asf~ras in another yearJ and this bill will entail a future expenditure of I that particular sentiment is concerned, if the gentleman does not $30,000,000 for ships. Suppose we cut th.atintwoandauthorizein ~., think that is sound? this bill ships to cost $15.000,000, and hereafter for several years Mr. LACEY. . What part does the gentleman refer to? authorize $15,000,000 worth1 would not· that be a constant and Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. To the onE.\ that the gentle steady increase, and would it not meet the demands of this great man. irom Ohio read. I will read it to yon again. country, and would it not appeal to the patriotism and the eco Mr. LACEY. I would like to have the gentleman read it, be nomical sense of the American people? After the passage Of this cau e I would like to have the two go side by side. bill. which carries more than $30,000,000 toward paying for and Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi (reading)- equipping shipsalreadyunderconstruction, we will then have upon We are in favor of extending ths Republic's influence among the nations, us obligations to be hereafter paid of more than 80,000,000 to but believe that influence should be extended not by force and violence, but finish and equip the shi:ps already authorized and those canied by through the persuasive power of a high and honorable example. this bill. Now1 if the gentleman objects to that he would object to the I have never believed in making this country a great offensive Lm·d's Prayer in the Democratic platform. [Laughter and·ap nation to override and intimidate the other civilized powers of the plause on the Democratic side.] world. I believe in having a navy capable of taking care of our Mr. LACEY. The gentlemen on the other side, and the leader interests when war comes, and I believe in providing absolut-ely of the Democratic side in particular J indorses the sentiment as for our defense in time of peace. · being restrictive of the expansion of the American Navy. So far I would takeJ if it were in my power, part of the amount neces as the moral question is involved, extending Americ~n power by sary for the big ships a11thorized in this particular bill and build peaceful means is concerned, there is no con.flict between the two torpedo boats, these submarine boats~ and I would build a suf political parties. But the issue here to-day is whether the 4 mer ficient number of them to put them in every important 'harbor of ican Navy shall be expanded . 2232 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 22, navies of the world off our shores. We can do that reasonably of the last Democratic platform of any declaration against the and economically. For one-half the cost of the ships authorized policy of naval building is, under the peculiar circumstances, very in this bill we could build enough submarines to protect every significant. important harbor in the United States. For the price of one bat One clause of it does denounce what is called "militarism." It tle ship we can build twenty-five submarine boats. No officers of distinctly opposes the existence of a large standing army and in any navy in the world would dare take a ship into a harbor pro sists that a small army with the home guard is sufficient for the tected by submarine boats. Admiral Dewey stated before our com country's defense at home. That declaration is, however, signifi mittee in the Fifty-sixth Congress that if the Spanish Government cant in the fact that not a word of it can be construed to relate to had had two submarine boats in Manila Harbor, and he and his the United States Navy and to its npbuilding. Therefore, as I said men had known it, the strain would have been too much for on Saturday last, this is a question upon which it seems both par human nerve, and they never would have entered that harbor; ties can stand-a careful, thorough upbuilding of the Navy for and thus it would be. national peace, national honor, and national defense. No man would risk the lives and no man would risk his own repu So far as I know, the gentleman from Ohio must stand on an tation in history by taking a battle ship freighted with 600 or a other and a different platform from that of either of the parties; thousand men into a harbor where these submarine monsters lay and I insist that it is a platform that has nothing in it; that is, concealed. Again, I believe that sort of defense to be the cheap "neither flesh nor fowl nor good red herring." It is not an Ameri est and most effective that human ingenuity can provide for our can platform; and it is not the platform of the Republican party, harbors. I also believe that if it had not been for great corporate which we have a right to stand upon and which has been reiter interests desiring large ships .which require vast tons of steel and ated time and again in the conventions of our party for the last armor which they sell, the sentiment of the country would have twenty years. been more in favor of defending our coast by the smaller boats. In order to make this clear I want to read some of these plat The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. forms to see how far the gentleman in his appeal to the minority Mr. WILLIAM W. KITCHIN. Mr. Chairman, I ask unani has been seeking to place himself upon the platform of the minor mous consent to be allowed to continue for two minutes more. ity and against the declarations of his own party. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from North Carolina asks In 1884 the platform of the Republican party demanded this: unanimous consent that his time be extended for two minutes. We demand the restoration of our Navy to its old-time strength and effi Is there objection? ciency, that it may in any sea protect the rights of American citizens and There was no objection. the interes1E of American commerce. Mr. WILLIAM W. KITCHIN. Another thing, Mr. Chairman, In 1888 the Republican party proclaimed this: when you build these submarine boats for defense and put them We earnestly recommend that prompt action be taken by Congress in the in your harbors, your great battle ships can go out after the enemy enactment of such legislation as will best secure the rehabilitation of our American merchant marine, and we protest against the passage by Congre ~s and will not have to hug our shores to defend us. When you of a free-ship bill as calculated to work injustice to labor by lessening the - build smaller boats, these torpedo carriers, you liberate your bat wages of those engaged in preparing materials such as those directly em ployed in cur shipyards. We demand appropriations for the early rebuilding tle ships. The building of the smaller craft eliminates the neces of our Navy. - sity of having so many larger and more expensive battle ships. I know a navy requires large expense. I know we have to keep In 1892 the same party in its party platform made this declara up our navy-yards. We must continue the construction of ships tion: and must preserve what we already have. But I believe that We favor the extension of our foreign commerce, the restoration of our mercantile marine by home-built ships, and the creation of a navy for the with an expenditure of one-half of what we are expending in new protection of our national interes1E and the honor of our flag. construction we can provide a more effective navy for defense against any possible enemy by appropriating a large portion of it And in 1896, when we elected that great American statesman to the proper means of defense. Now, Mr. Chairman, I have from the gentleman's own State of _Ohio whose memory every stated the spirit which has actuated me in my service on this Na Republican reveres to-day and when we swept this country from val Committee. It has not been my fortune to be on the subcom one end to the other, we stood upon this platform, and the gen mittee that practically prepared this bill. I have heard many of tleman himself was sent to this House upon this platform: the hearings. I have gone through these bills carefnlly session The peace and security of the Republic and the maintenance of its rightful influence among the nations of the earth demand a naval power commensu after session of Congress. rate with its position and responsibility. We therefore favor the continued I know there is not a man in this Honse that would feel more enlargement of the Navy and ~ complete system of harbor and seaport de fenses. l humiliated by an American defeat than myself; I know there is ' not a man in America that would rather see the American Navy The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. overcome all possible rivals than myself; but there are two things Mr. DAYTON. I ask fm five minutes longer. ~ to consider-the necessity of what we are doing, measured by the The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to extending the time of } amount of danger from the outside, and the great people who have the gentleman from West Virginia [Mr. DAYTON] for five min ·' to pay these eno:r;mous expenses. We appropriate $96,000,000 by utes? The Chair hears none. this bill. - That means $7 out of the Treasury for every head of a Mr. DAYTON. Mr. Chairman, we have heretofore stood in family in the United States-$7 to each family. Where-will it this House and seen those who were near and dear to us in party end? If you are going to establish great naval stations in the principles get away from their moorings and cross' to the other Philippines and in Cuba, and constantly and increasingly add to side. If the gentleman from Ohio must go from us, we will the Navy and its expense by such exorbitant strides, where will it deeply regret it. But where can he go for a platform on this end? Ten years ago the Navy cost $25,000,000; now near $100,- question? He can not stand on the Republican platform, nor can 000,000. What will it be ten years from now? The thing to do he stand on the Democratic platform touching the upbuilding of is to moderate the increase. [Applause.] the United States Navy. The significant clause in the latter's [Here the hammer fell.] platform denouncing militarism and the omission of any refer The CHAIRMAN. The debate on this amendment is ex ence to the Navy show that they favor or are at least not adverse hausted. to the upbuilding of the naval service, while the gentleman Mr. DAYTON. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last stands in distinct opposition, as I have shown by party declara word. tion, to every principle on which he was elected to this floor. The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the pro forma amend I submit, Mr. Chairman, it is time for us to think about these ments will be considered as withdrawn. The gentleman from party declarations. It is time for us sometimes to remember West Virginia moves to strike out the last word. that we have reason to be proud of the record of our party when Mr. DAYTON. Mr. Chairman, it seems to me that the position we have gone to the country upon party declarations; and there taken by the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. BuRTON] here to-day is a is no victory that we have achieved that has ever brought us most remarkable one. In violation of his own party's platforms, more lasting success and greater good to the country than that as I will show later on, he has announced his opposition and deter of 1896 when we elected William McKinley upon the ringing mination to vote against this bill providing for the naval service declaration, amongst others. that we should uphold the American and a reasonable increase of its materiel. He has gone further, Navy and continue to uphold it. [Applause on the Republican and made a direct appeal to the minority side to join him against side.] his own party in this opposition. I congratulate the able and Mr. RIXEY. Mr. Chairman, we are always glad to welcome distinguished gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. WILLIAMs] upon recruits, but I for one am not willing that a new recruit shall un his answer to this appeal, and his clear statement of Democratic dertake to lecture me as to my duty. [Laughter and applause.] po ition touching this question. I have nothing to do with the effort on the part of the gentleman It is not, as he has said, a partisan question, and nothing in the from West Virginia [Mr. DAYTON] to read the gentleman from Democratic platform, as I read it, can be construed into opposi Ohio out of the Republican party. The position of a majority of tion to the upbnilding of the Navy. A platform of this kind is the minority members of the Committee on Naval Affairs with significant not only for its direct declarations, but also frequently regard to the increase of the Navy was that we should not an for its omission of direct declarations. In this case the omission nounce that we would never build another ship, but it was that / 1904. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2233 we are now building faster than any nation in the world, with the so far as the record goes. [Laughter and applause on the Re exception of Great Britain, and it was unnecessary to authorize publican side.] more battle ships at this time. Mr. FOSS. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last five Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. That we have more under words. I desire to call the attention of members of the commit contract. tee to the question of the tonnage of our ships which we are now Mr. RIXEY. We now have completed twelve battle ships. building. Owing to the fact that there have been numerous de We have under contract twelve more, so that when the battle lays in the construction of our ships, it would appear that we are ships under contract shall have been completed, our Navy will be buildin~ a great many ships at the present time. If the contracts then twice the size that it is to-day. In the statement which is had been lived up to, more than half the tonnage to-day which is furnished by the Committee on Naval Affairs, and which I be in process of construction would be built: So it is nota fair state lieve to be a~cm·ate, I find that Great Britain is building ships to ment to take that particular diagram here which shows that we the amount of 351,000 tons, the United States 322!000, France are building largely at the present time unless you take along only 180,000, Russia 142,000, Germany 118,000. We are building with it the other statement, and that is this: Take, for instance, nearly three times as fast as Germany; and when the ships al a period of years, since January 1, 1898, during the last five or ready authorized are completed, we will have far outstripped six years, and howmuch tonnage havewe added to the American Germany in the number of battle ships and their tonnage. Navy? Great Britain has added 641,000 tons; France has added The position of the Democratic p:uty is that while we owe 218,000 tons; Russia has added 160,000 tons; Germany, 190,000 $82,000,000 upon these ships already contracted for, and while the tons; Japan, 153,000 tons, but the United States only 117,000 tons ships contracted for will double our Navy, it is not necessary at during the last six years. Now, take that statement and couple this time to authorize ships to cost $30,000,000. In view of the the other with it when you take into consideration the question statement made by the chairman of the Committee on Appropri of howmuch we have built and how much weare building to-day, ations that we might expect a deficit, why not let the building Now, Mr.-Chairman, I do not care to discuss this question any programme for this year stand until .another year and save further at this time, and I call for a vote upon the pending mo $30 000,000 here? tion, which I believe ~ to strike out the paragraph on page 15, Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Like rivers and harbors. " depots for coal." Mr. RIXEY. They tell us that they have not the money for Mr. WILLIAM W. KITCHIN. Before the gentleman takes any internal improvements. Save $30,000,000 here; it will not his sea~ cripple the Navy, it will not affect its efficiency, and yon will The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from New York is recog have the money. Admiral Taylor testified before the committee nized. and his statement is in print-that by 1907 we would still lack 797 Mr. WILLIAM W. KITCHIN. Mr. Chairman, I desire to ask officers for our Navy as at present authorized. If this is true, the gentleman from Illinois a question. and it is true, why go on and authorize ships to be built for which The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman's time has expired. we have not the officers? The position of the Democratic party Mr. BASSETT. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last is not that this appropriation bill must be voted against, and we line. I understand that the pending amendment is to strike out, reject the advice of the Republican Member [Mr. BURTON], who on page 15, the lines beginning with 7; and I understand further advises us to take that position. We are for a reasonable support that this appropriation which is proposed to be stricken out ap of any navy that is necessary for the exigencies of the time. For plies to the coaling station at Guantanamo Harbor. It is to the myself I believe that we are to-day the second naval power in the need of this coaling station that I propose to address myself, as I world. Our ships are new, whilst many of the battle ships and intend to vote against the amendment. And as I presume I will armored cruisers of the Old World are so old that they ought to be be somewhat alone on this side, I wish to explain briefly my rea relegated to the second or the third line of defense. sons. In my judgment a coaling station at this point on the The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. southern side of the isl~nd of Cuba, controlling as it does the Without objection, the pro forma amendment will be considered Caribbean Sea, is a most important part of the home coast de as withdrawn. fense, and is enth·ely different from the proposition to place Mr. GROSVENOR. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the defenses in the Philippines or in distant parts of the world. last four words. If one will examine on a map the routes of travel from our large • I was greatly affected by the powerful appeal made by the gen cities, like Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, to South Amer tleman from Mississippi [Mr. WILLIAMS], the leader of the mi ican ports and between Atlantic seaboard towns and the proposed nority on this floor, when he made such a pathetic appeal in re Panama Canal, he will see that ships do not go between Cuba and gard to the expenditures of the public moneys, or rather the non Florida, but pass the eastern end of the island of Cuba. We need expenditure of the public moneys, by the Republican party in the coaling stations for our war ships near this route. The mainland present Congress. He said that these war bills were soabsorbing is much too far away. The strategic importance of the Caribbean of the public revenues that we could :wt build public bfl¥din&s. Sea demands such stations. . I infer that a great many people holdmg office are at present dis As developments at the Isthmus go on during the next decade tributing the mails in the open air. He said that we could not that route past the eastern end of Cuba will become more and dig harbors and rivers, and a sad condition was depicted by him~ more important, and the proper defense of this route and the so that sadness came over me. control of the Carib bean Sea become part of the coast defenses of The gentleman from Ohio [Mr. BURTO~] came to my rescue and the United States and not part of a foreign enterprise. Stations relieved my mind somewhat when he stated that it was proposed and fortifications half around the world are no portion· of our in the coming sundry civil bill to appropriate double the amount home defense. They will be sources of great expense, and in war of money for the improvement of rivers and harbors that had been with a great power a wealrness rather than a help, But coaling_ expended by the last Democratic Congress. That relieved my stations as outposts for coast defense are right, and such is the mind on the river and harbor question. But still I feared that location at Guantanamo Bay. the public buildings were being neglected, and I instituted a The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the amend- search. I have found very much to relieve my anxiety. I find ment offered by the gentleman from North Carolina. that in the forthcoming sundry civil bill there will be appropri The question was taken; and the amendment was rejected. ated $10,545,883.79 for public buildings now under construction The Clerk read as follows: ~ and those already authorized by acts of Congress approved by the Contingent, Bureau of Equipment: For freight and transportation of President and upon which no money has hitherto been expended. equipment stores; pa~king boxes and materials, printing, advertising, tele graphing, books, and models, stationery: furniture for equipment offices in Upward of ten million and a half dollars! This in time of practi na:vy-yards; postage on letters sent abroad; ferriage, ice, and emergencies cal war, as I now learn; this when the money in the Treasury is arising under co~nce of the Bureau of Equipment unforeseen and impos being .absorbed by the war bills about which we have heard so sible to classify, $00,000. much. Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Mr. Chairman, I move to I thought I would look and see what was a reasonable expendi strike out the last word. ture under a Democratic Administration in time of profound peace, Just to illustrate that the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. GROS so I went back to the long session of the Fifty-third Congress, and VENOR] is not quite as a-ccurate in figuring at the time as in over against the upward of ten million and a half proposed to be prefiguring things, he tells us that w,e are going to make more expended for public buildings at this session of Congress I found public building appropriations upon some appropriation bill and that the Fifty-third Congress. the last Democratic Congress that more river and harbor appropriations on some other general ap we have had and probably the last we will have [laughter], in a propriation bill than we would have got if we had a public build time of profound peace, when they had to borrow the money at a ings bill and a river and harbor bill. high rate of interest, expended $1,126,500 for public buildings. Well, now, there are some things that mathematics can prove ¥r. BUTLER of Pennsylvania. Ten times as much. to me even read in the confident and hasty manner in which Mr. GROSVENOR. About nine times as much in the present the gentleman reads them, or rather prepared in the hasty man expenditures; and that is about the ratio of all that is great and ner and read in the confident manner in which he uses them, but good in adm:inistration existing to-day between the two parties it would be very hard to convince me by any kind of figmos that 2234 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 22, we are going to get the river and h;;trbor appropriations we need Mr. WILLIAMW. KITCHIN. }rfr. Chairman,Imovetostrike and ought to have this year when the River and Harbor Commit out the last word. I desired to ask the gentleman from illinois [Mr. tee will not act: and it is very hard to convince me that we are Foss] a question a few minutes ago when his time was declared going to get as many public buildings as we ought to have when by the Chairman to be out. I understood the gentleman to state you are afraid for the Public Buildings Committee to act and that we had constructed in the last five years 11 i.OOO tons of war bring in a report for new legislation to the Hou P.. vessels. Now, the question that I wanted to ask the gentleman Now, Mr. Chairman, I know that the great harbor of New York I will put in the form of a statement. In the !a t five appropria is waiting for much-needed improvements; I know that New tion bills we have authorized an increase of the Navv to an Orleans is-waiting; I know that Baltimore is waiting; I know that amount of 316,000 tons. While the amount that we have con the great Missis ippi Valley, the central artery of our commerce structed in five years, as an increase of the Navy is 117,000 tons, and trade, overflowed and partially devastated last year, is waiting; yet we have authorized in the last five years 316,000 tons. I with I know that representatives of all those interests have been here draw the pro forma amendment. 1..--n.ocking at committee doors and have gotten ''merely hearings Mr. FITZGERALD. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the and nothing more," and I know that the e representatives of last two or three words. 1\fr. Chairman, I do that at thi time suffering interests would not be here unless they were here for simply to call attention to the fact that the appropriation for the something. I know that the word has passed out to the country civil establishment at Pensacola has increased from 1,93·) to that home developments must ba starved this year to some extent, $7,500 this year. because there is a threatened deficit in the Treasury. By the Saturday the gentleman from West Virginia [Mr. DAYTO~] way, I want to say right here, Mr. Chairman, that nothing scares refen-ed to some remarks I made on the naval appropriation bill, me to death as much as a threatened deficit. You have got your and stated that in order to test my patriotism and sincerity he deficit, and we will win our great conflict in the next Pre idential was willing to join me in advocating the sale of the navy-yard at election just about in time to go in with a deficit, and then you New York. I asked him if he was willing to turn over all the will come along and swear it took place" in anticipation of a work being done by the Government yards to the private plants, Democratic victory." [Applause on the Democratic side.] You and he said he was not. Yet, Mr. Chairman, it appears from the have confessed beforehand you are going to have it, and you will hearings before the Committee on Naval Affail" this year that swear then we produced it. the only place on the Atlantic seacoast controlled by the Govern I expect to see half of that side of the House up saying, "At ment at which a fust-clas battle ship can be docked is at the New the time the deficit began to declare itself the deficit, Madame York Navy-Yard. If this navy-yard were to be disposed of at Deficit and Monsieur Deficit had news of a Democratic victory in this time, the only pla.ces that a first-class battle ship could be advance," and that yon knew beforehand that the deficit had the docked would be at Cramps' yard and at Newport News Ship news, and-that you are "prepared to substantiate the solidity of building Company's plant. the information upon the part of the deficit." I know what yon I insist that the gentleman's statement, if inade in good faith have been talking. I know that you have been saying that you and the proposed sale were effected, it would be of material benefit would pass the general appropriation bills and get away from to the private shipbm1ding plants. I assume however, that his here without any other legislation, except perhaps a service pen statement was merely a part of a great deal of cheap buncombe sion to tax the South, just as soon as you possibly could, and the that is indulged in by some gentlemen. He states that the value gentleman from Ohio and I both know-we are bound to know of the yard at New York-the land alone-is some $25,000,000. It it-that for this year river and harbor improvements and a great is not so easy, even if desirable, to find a purcha er for land of many other useful things are being decreased in their appropria that character as the gentleman assumes. According to the hear tions, and public works and home development are suffering be ings before the gentleman s committee, that yard did at least 75 cause of the vast amount of money that has been made necessary per cent more repair work than was done by any other yard. to can-y on the Government under the present regime with this I recall the time when the gentleman from West Virginia had ''world-power" policy. an opportunity to join with me in attempting to dispose and to The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. prevent the undue growth of some of the insignificant navy Without objection, the pro forma amendment is withdrawn. yards of this countl-y. I recollect in the first se ion of the Fifty The Clerk continued the reading of the bill, as follows: seventh Congress, when the gentleman from We t Virginia [Mr. Contingent, Bureau of Yards and Docks: For contingent expenses that may DAYTON] wa.s a conferee on the naval appropriation bill. The arise at navy-yards and stations, :10,000. conferees at that time brought in a report agreeinO' to two items Mr. HITCHCOCK. Mr. Chairman, I move to substitute$20,000 in the bill which had been placed there by the Senate-one item for the $40.000 herein provided. was for the removal of Hendersons Point, at the Portsmouth The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment. Navy-Yard, which would cost, when complete, 749,000; the other The Clerk read as follows: provide9. for buildings at the Charlestown Navy-Yard which, when On page 19, in line 16, strike out" forty" and insert" twenty.n complete, would cost $913,000. Mr. HITCHCOCK. Now, Mr. Chairman, in support of that I The chairman of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors [Mr. wish to call the attention of this committee to the fact that this BURTO~] at that time stated that, from information at hand, bill provides for contingent funds in the valious bur a us amount even after removal of Hendersons Point, at Port mouth yard, at ing to $631,35 , as follows: Navy proper, $65,000; Bureau of Navi an expense of Si50,000, the facilities for merchant ve sels would gation, $30.358; Bureau of Equipment, 35,000; Bm·eau of Yards be seriously affected, and that, in his opinion, it would not at all and Docks; $40,000; Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, $50 000; help a battle ship to enter the navy-yard. Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, 2-50 000; Superintendent of I have looked carefully into the RECORD at the time that ilis Naval Academy, 1,000; Marine Corps, $160,000. cussion was up in the Hou e, and the gentleman from West Vir That is over $600,000, Mr. Chairman, in contingent funds pro ginia [Mr. D.AYTO~] did not then seem to be inspired with the vided in various bureaus in this bill, which are practically ex same patriotic desire to stop the increase of these insignificant pended without any supervision-practically left to the judgment navy-yards. He kept silent in his seat at that time. He now, in and discretion of the various chiefs -and heads of these bureaus. his patriotic enthusiasm is willing to dispose of the most efficient, Now Mr. Chairman, a short time ago I introduced a resolution of the best equipped, and the only navy-yard on the Atlantic coast inquiry as to the. number of ho~ses and ~arriages. maintained at where it is pos ible to dock a first-class battle ship; and I insist public expense bemg used by vanons offiCials and 1t was also pro that if the gentleman was sincere in that statement that the only vided that it should be stated from what funds these expenses object he possibly could have would be to send the work done were paid. It developed upon one of the replies-a reply made by there upon naval vessels into the private plants upon the Atlantic the Navy Department-_that two horses at least had been bought coast. [Applause on the Democratic side.] and charged to the contingent fund of the Bureau of Yards and The CHAIRMAN. The pro forma amendment, without objec- Docks, and, so far as I was able to find out, the only excuse for tion, will be withdrawn. charging it to this particular fund was the fact that the horses There was no objection. had docked tails. I think these various contingent funds should The Clerk read as follows: be watched. They cause great leaks. Na.vn.l station. Guam: One clerk, 1,600; lforeman machinist, $1,600; 1 mes Mr. FOSS. Mr. Chairman, there is no increase in this appro senger and janitor, 600; in all, $3,800. priation this year. It is the same as last year, and it is urgently recommended not only by the bureau chiefs, but by the Secre MESSAGE FROM THE SE...~ATE. tary of the Navy. I therefore call for a vote. The committee informally rose; and the Speaker having resumed The question was taken and the amendment was not agreed to. the chair. a message from the Senate, by Mr. P ARKINSO~ its The Clerk read as follows: reading clerk, announced that the Senate had disagreed to the N avy-yard, Pensacola, Fla.: For one clerk,_ a~ 1,200; one mail messenger, amendments of the House of Representatives to the bill (S. 3317) at $2 per diem, including Sundays; one electricUlll, at 1,~· one draftsma.n, to at 4 per diem $1252; one foreman laborer at .52 per diem, $1,101.76; one authorizing the Secretary of the Interior grant right of way steno~apher,i;ypewriter, and teleg:r:aph operator, at $3.04 per diem, $951.52; for pipe lines through Indian lands, had asked a conference with one writ-er, at $2.80 per diem, $876.4.0; mall, $7,511.68. the House on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses thereon, 1904. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 22·35 and had appointed Mr. STEWART, Mr. PLATT of Connecticut, and H. R. 4325. An act granting an increase of pension to John A. Mr. DUBOIS as the conferees on the part of the Senate. Sills· NA. V A.L A.PPROPRIA.TION BILL. H.' R. 7798. An act granting an increase of pension to Andrew The committee resumed its session. m~; . Mr. FITZGERALD. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the H. R. 6028. An act granting an increase of pension to Anson last word for the purpose of asking a question. I wish to ask Heffron· the ge!ltleman from illinois if these employees at Guam are the B. R. '6032. An act granting an increase of pension to Charles S. Bellows; employees that are to be taken care of under the contingent ap H. R. 7374. An act granting an increase of pension to Jabez propr~ation earlier in the bill, on pages 3 and 4? _ Mr. FOSS. These are employees under the Bureau of Yards Perkins; and Docks. H. R. 6588. An act granting an increase of pension to James H. Cummings; Mr. FITZGERALD. And they are additional employees and H. tho e that will be taken care of in the earlier appropriation? R. 5199. An act granting an increase of pension to Emma Mr. FOSS. Yes.- Mr. Chairman, I will ask the Clerk to read M. Johnson; the next section, and then I will move that the committee rise. H. R. 5617. An act granting an increase of pension to William The Clerk read as follows: P. Hereford; H. R. 5634. An act granting an increase of pension to Robert In all, civil establishment, Bureau of Yards and Docks, $U8,790.92, and no L Mil other fund appropriated by this act shall be used in payment for such · es; service. H. R. 6701. An act granting an increase of pension to John A. Mr. FOSS. Mr. Chairman, I move that the committee do now Reeds; rise. H. R. 7756. An act granting an increase of pension to Charles The motion was agreed to. Schroder; Accordingly the committee rose; and the Speaker having re · H. R. 7594. An act granting an increase of pension to Charles sumed the chair, 1\fr. HEPBURN, Chairman of the Committee of H. Miller; the Whole Honse on the state of the Union, reported that that H. R. 6994. An act granting an increase of pension to Theresa committee had had under consideration the bill H. R. 12220, the Nebrich; naval appropriation bill, and had come to no resolution thereon. H. R. 7682. An act granting an increase of pension to William H. Howard; STEAMER , BEAUMONT. H. R. 581~. An act granting an increase of pension to Philip Mr. LITTLEFIELD. · Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent' Snow; that the time for filing the minority views on the bill (H. R. 4570) H. R. 8729. An act granting an increase of pension to Gustus to provide an American register for the steamer Beaumont be S. Remick; extended until Friday morning next. H. R. 5883. An act granting an increase of pension to David . The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Maine asks unanimous Warentz; consent to have the time for filing the views of the minority from H. R. 6036. An act granting an increase of pension to John the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries on House bill Shafer; 4570 extended to Friday morning next. Is there objection? H. R. 5609. An act granting an increase of pension to Benjamin [After a pause.] The Chair hear none. F. Grigsby; · SENATE BILL REFERRED, · H. R. 5471. An a~t granting an increase of pension to A. Marion Gamble; Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, Senate bill of the following title H. R. 6005. An act granting an increase of pension to George was taken from the Speaker's table and referred to its appropri B. Davis; ate committee, as indicated below: H. R. 5531. An act granting an increase of pension to Marvin S. 3607. An act makiiig appropriations for the removal of the Nash; quarantine station at San Diego, Cal., and to acquire a new site, H. R. 6071. An act granting an increase of pension to Abraham and for other purposes-to the Committee on Interstate and For C. Nnll; eign Commerce. H. R. 6947. An act granting an increase of pension M Joseph ENROLLED BILLS. H. Cooper; Mr. WACHTER, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, re- H. R. 7439. An act granting an increase of pension to Helen M. ported that this day they presented to the President of the United Bates; States, for his approval, the following bills: H. R. 6562. An act granting an increase of pension to Frances H. R. 3584. An act to authorize the resubdivision of lots or A. Thompson; blocks in the District of Columbia; H. R. 7355. An act granting an increase of pension to Henry H. R. 11823. An act to authorize the Director of the Census to Barrett; cooperate with the secretary of state of the State of Michigan and H. R. 4457. An act granting an increase of pension to Mary E. with officials of other States in taking the census of manufac- Meldrum; tures: H. R. 4887. An act granting an increase of pension to George H. R. 9640. An act to amend an act granting to the Keokuk and· N. Thorpe; Hamilton Water Power Company right to construct and main- H. R. 4323. An act granting an increase of pensioh to Mary tain a dam, and so forth, approved February 8, 1901; Wurtz; H. R. 3172. An act granting an increase of pension to Robert H. R. 4276. An act granting an increase of pension to Hamilton E. Pogue; E. Burritt; . H. R. 3272. An act granting an increase of pension to Elizabeth H. R. 4629. An act granting an increase of pension to Thomas Hardy; C. Pond; H. R. 3337. An act granting an increase of pension to Mary A. H. R. 4031. An act granting an increase of pension to Samuel Craigue; R. Wasson; H. R. 3345. An act granting an increase of pension to Charles H. R. 4915. An act granting an increase of pension to James P. Clarke: • W. Hibbert; H. R. 3367. An act granting an increase of pension to George H.~· 4937. An act granting an increase of pension to Emily W. Kerby; Conklin; , H. R. 3411. An act granting an increase of pension to William H. R. 5718. An act granting an increase of pension to Adolph J. Hart: · Heiser; H. R. 3435. An act granting an increase of pension to John M. H. R. 7732. An act granting an increase of pension to Marv Pratt; Chenowith; ~ H. R. 3521. An act granting an increase of pension to John H. R. 6061. An act granting an increase of pension to Alphens Hawker; D. Brown; H. R. 3407. An act granting an increase of pension to Frank H. R. 5720. An act granting an increase of pension to William Lewis; T. Filler; H. R. 3616. An act granting an increase of pension to James W. H. R. 2912. An act granting an increase of pension to Elizabeth Davis; A. Jones; H. R. 3617. An act granting an increase of pension to Charles H. R. 138. An act granting an increase of pension to Henry M. Everett; Hale; H. R. 3665. An act granting an increase of pension to Henry C. H. R. 198. An act granting an increase of pension to Emmett Jones: Cole; H. R. 3815. An act granting an increase of pension to Hester E. H. R. 165. An act granting an increase of pension to Thomas Mooney; Adelswrger; . 2236 CONGRESS-IONAL -RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 22, H. R. 1497. An act granting an increase of pension to Dana H. R. 529. An act granting a pension to Emma H. Higley; Cook; H. R. 754. An act granting a pension to John M. Lawton; H. R. 1487. An act granting an increase of pension to Dexter T. H. R. 2040. An act granting a pension to James Anderson; Drake: H. R. 2427. An act granting a pension to Cynthia Thomas; H. R. 1433. An act granting an increase of pension to James W. H. R. 2932. An act granting a pension to Dudley R W. Wil- Black; Iiams: H. R. 1294. An act granting an increase of pension to William H. R. 3298. An act granting a pension to :Mary E. Pennock; McBrien: H. R. 3299. An act granting a pen ion to 1\ledie M. Flanders; H. R. 1156. An act granting an increase of pension to John H. R. 7515. An act granting a pension to Rebecca A. Mathias; Pangratz; H. R. 4625. An act granting a pen ion to There a B. Nash; H. R. 937. An act granting an increase of pension to Mark A. H. R. 5528. An act granting a pension to Maria Lindhorst; Shelton; · H. R. 4946. An act granting a pens!on to Jame F. Wheeler; H. R. 812. An act granting an increase of pension to Charles H. R. 8123. A . act granting a pension to Eliza S. Smith; F. Emery; H. R. 8920. An act granting a pension to Harriet A. Tucker; H. R. 734. An act granting an increase of pension to HenryS. H. R. 6085. An act granting a pension to Anna M. Maier; McAlister; - H. R. 9029. An act granting a pension to Georgie S. Barbour; H. R. 727. An act granting an increase of pension to James K. H. R. 5538. An act granting a pension to Jane Elizabeth Bu1- Blve· · · lock; ii.'R. 703. An act granting an increase of pension to Robert P. H. R. 7072. An act granting a pension to Mary McCall; Baker; · H. R. 5372. An act granting a pension to Mariah Kuechler; H. R. 689. An act granting an increase of pension to Edgar H. R. 87:?8. An act granting a pension to Matilda Lafferty; Chapman: H. R. 4578. An act granting a pension to Catharine l\1. McClana- H. R. 681. An act granting an increase of pension to Ella P. han; Kersteter: · · H. R. 1855. An act granting a pension to Harriett B. Riley; H. R. 660. An act granting an increase of pension to JohnS. H. R. 4365. An act granting a pension to Barney L. Brookins; Sines; H. R. 8748. An act for tbe relief of Serenus Kilbourne· and . R. 610. An act granting an increase of pension to Samuel 1 H. R. 4759. An act granting an increase of pension to David P. Alexander: · McDonald. H. R. 561. An act granting an increase of pension to Eri CHANGE OF REFEJ.tENCE. Summy; T • By unanimous consent, reference of House resolution 218 wag H. R. 249. An act granting an increase of pension to Mollie J. changed from the Committee on Rivers and Harbors to the Com- Mitchell: mittee on Accounts. I H. R. 1859. An act granting an increase of pension to Patrick ADJOURNMENT. C~~; . An act granting an increase of pension to George Then, on motion of Mr. Foss (at 5 o'clock and 9minutesp.m.), W. Blanchard;1906 the House adjourned until to-morrow at 12 o'clock m. G!~~r7016. An act granting an increase of pen~ion to George EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATION. 1 H. R. 2111. An act granting an increase of pension to Henry D. I Under clause 2 of Ru1e XXIV, the following executive com- Towsley; munication was taken from the Speaker's table and referred a-s H . H . 2201. An act granting an increase of pension to George fellows: McDonald: 1 A letter from the Acting Secretary of the Treasury, transmit- H. R. 2553. An act granting an increase of pension to George ting a copy of a communication from the Secretary of Agricu1- Wintz· ture submitting an estimate of appropriation for greenhou e of H. R. 2822. An act granting an increase of pension to Louiza the Department-to the Committee on Appropriations,and ordered Phillips; to be printed. H. R. 916. An act granting an increase of pension to Francis S. Howard· REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND RESO- H. R. 8187. An act granting an increase of pension to George LUTIONS. J eif.~: . An act granting an increase of pension to James p. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, bills and resolutions of the follow- Wallace·6442 ing titles were severally reported from committees, deliver-ed to H. R. 34. An act granting an increase of pension to Adaline the Clerk, and referred to the several Calendars therein named, 55 as follows: _ Shaw Lovejoy· Mr. MONDELL, from the Committee on the Public Lands to H. R. 8207. An act granting an increase of pension to Charles which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 64.80) to control Johnson: . f grazing in forest reserves, reported the same without amendment, H. R. 7095. An act granting an mcrease 0 pension to Harrison accompanied by a report (No. 1148); which said bill and report H. Hakes; f d th H Cal d H. R. 7757. An act granting an increase of pension to Cyrus were re erre to e ouse en ar. Davidheiser; -- H. R. 5299. An act granting an increase of pension to Sarah E. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS AND Wheeler; I RESOLUTIONS. H. R. 6091. An act granting an increase of pension to John W. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII. private bills and resolutions of Brown; the following titles were severally reported from committees de- H. R. 7447. An act granting an increase of pension to William livered to tbe Clerk, and referred to the Committee of the Whole Bailey· · House, as follows: H. R. 5699. An ac~ granting an increase of pension to James P. Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, Johnson· to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 3534) granting an H. R. S342. An act granting an increase of pension to Horace increase of pension to JohnS. Parker, reported the same without E. Davis: amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1071); which said bill H. R. 6023. An act granting an increase of pension to Charles and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Wigert· Mr. GIBSON, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to H. R. 7799. An act granting an increase of pension to John which was refened the bill of the Senate (S. 3415) grantin()" an 0. Rice; increase of pension to Manluff W. Reynolds, reported the same H. R. 6342. An act granting an increase of pension to Thomas without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1072); which Springer; said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. H. R. 5972. An act granting an increase of pension to Edward Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to A. Wilbur; which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 3:!67) granting art H. R. 6020. An act granting an increase of pension to William increase of pension to Mary V. Carson. reported the same with- P. Conner; out amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1073); which said H. R. 717. An act granting an increase of pension to Henry bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Edwards; Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, H. R. 6547. An act granting a pension to John Holzer; to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 562) granting an H. R. 134. An act granting a pen ion to Wilhelmina Miller; increaseofpension to Emeline F. Emmons. reported the same with- -H. R. 195. An act granting a pension to Michael Landy; out amendment, a-ccompanied by a l'eport (No. 1074); which said H. R. 219. An act granting a pension to Minerva J. Burton; bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. 1904. l CONGRESSIONAL RECO-RD-HOUSE. 2237- Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to sions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 10847) which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 2491) granting a granting an increase of pension to James 0. Knowles, reported pension to Larkin Maynard, reported the same with amendment, the same without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. accompanied by a report (No. 1075); which said bill and report 1092); which said bill and report were referred t the Private were referred to the Private Calendar. . Calendar. He aLso, from the same committee, to which was referred the Mr: SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to bill of the House (H. R. 1519) granting a pension to Thomas P. which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 2649) granting an Moore, reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a increase e>f pension to William S. Burch, reported the same with· repor.t.(No.1076); which said bill and report were referred to the out' amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1093); which said Private Calendar. bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. MIERS of Indiana from the Committee on Invalid Pen He also, from tli9·same committee, to which was referred the sions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 9890) bill of the Senate (S. 2200) granting an increase of pension to granting an increase of pension to Dr. S. L. Tyner ,reported the same Charles R. Collins, reported the same without amendment~ ac· with amendment, accompanied by a report (N-a. 1077); which companied by a report (No. 1094); which sa-id bill and reportwere said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 9726) granting a which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 2278) granting an pension to John }!cEliece, reported the same with amendment, increase of pension to Harriet H. HowIett, reported the same with· accompanied by a report (No. 10i8); which said bill and report out amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1095)·; which said were referred to the Private Calendar. bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. GIBSON, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to He also, from the same committee, to which was refened the which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 10264) granting bill of the Senate (S. 2490) granting a pension to Naomi Green, an increase of pension to Louis C. Amberg, reported the same reported the same without amendment, accompanied by a report with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1079); which (No. 1096); which said bill and report were referrt}d to the P!'i· said bill and report were refen-ed to the Private Calendar. vate Calendar. Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to Mr. MIERS of Indiana, from the Committee on Invalid Pen which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 3839) granting an sions, to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 1834) granfr. increase of pension to George B. Abbott, reported the. same with ing an increase of pension to John W. Paul, reported' the same outamendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1080); which said without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1097); which bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. He. also; from the same committee, to which was referred the Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, bill of the House (H. R. 11428) for the relief of Augustus Fal to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 1944) granting an lows, reported the same with amendment, accompanied by are increase of pension to JohnS. Stanger, reported the same with.. port (No. 1081); which said bill and report were referred to the out amendment, accompanied by ar report (No. 1098); which said Private Calendar. bill and report were referred to the P1·ivate Calendar. :Mr. GIBSON, from the Committee. on Invalid Pensions, to He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the. which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 11141) granting bill of the Senate (S. 3488) granting an increase of pension to an increase of pension to John B. Keller, reported the same with Charle.s E. Mcintire, reported the same without amendment, ac amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1082); which said bill companied byareport (No.1099); which said bill and report were and report were referred to the Privata Calendar. referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to He also, from the same. committee, to which was 1·eferred the which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 2490) granting a. bill of the Senate (S. 1803) granting an increase of pension to pension to John Maynard, reported the same with amendment, John M. Morgan, reported the same without amendment, accom accompanied by a report (Wo. 1083); which said bill and report panied by a report (No. UOO); which said bill and report were were referred to the Private Calenda.L referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. SULLOWAY, from the CommitteE! on Invalid Pensions, Mr. MIERS of Indiana, from the Committee on Invalid Pen· to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 12073) grant sions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 11066) ing an increase of pension to ElizaJ. Gardner, reported the same granting an increase of pension to Joshua D. Griffith, reported with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1084); which the same with amendment, accompanied by a· report (No. 1101); said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. MIERS of Indiana, from the Committee on Invalid Pen Mr. GIBSON, from the Cbmmittee on Invalid Pensions, to sions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 9756) which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 12352) granting granting an increase of pension to Jesse T. Bennett, l'eported the an increase of pension to William H. Coop~~ reported the same same with amendment, a<:companied by a report (No. 1085); with amendment, accompanied by a report (No.1102); which said - which said bill and report were refeiTed to the Private Calendar. bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, He also, from the same·committee, to whicli was referred the to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. !1845) gi·ant bill of the House (H. R. 11557) granting a pension to Alfred D. ing an increase of pension to David C. McVicker, reported the Barton, reported the same with amendment accompanied by a same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1086); report (No. 1103); which said bill and report were referred to the which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Private Calendar. Mr. MIERS of Indiana,.from the Committee on Invalid Pen M1·. BRADL.EY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to sions, to which was referred the bill of the" House CEI. R. 9576) which was refeiTed the bill of the House .(H. R. 805) granting an granting an increase of pension to Eli M. McElwain, reported the .increase of pension to George W. McConkey, reported the same same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1087); with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1104); which which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, t-a Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 9815) granting which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 268) gi'anting an'in an increase of pension to Ephraim 0. Gilbert, reported the same crease of pension to Annie B. Johnson, reported the sam13without with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1088); which said amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1105}; whioh sa4l bill bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. SULLOW A Y, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 10919) granting bill of the Senate (S. 3569} granting an increase of pension to John an inc1·ease of pension to Susan E. Oliver, reported the same with A. Chamberlain, reported the same without amendment, accom amendment, accompanied.by a report (No.1089); whiohsaid bill panied by a report (No. 1106); which said bill and report were and report we1·e referred to the Private Calendar. referred to the Private Calendar. He aLso, from the same committee, to which was referred the He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 10209) granting an increase of pension to bill of the Senate (S. 2179) grantfug an increase of pension to Margaret Delaney, reported the same with amendment, accom~ Thomas Httrkison, reported the same without amend!!:n!!t, ac panied by a report (No. 1090); which said bill and report were companied by a report (No.1107); which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. referred to the P1'ivate Calendar. . Mr. BRADLEY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 10901) gmnting bill of the Senate (S. 2043) granting an increase of pension to an increase of pension to John Quinn, reported the same with Andrew J. Williams reported the same without amendment, ac amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1091); which said bill companied by a report (No. 1108); which said bill and report and.report were referred to the Private Calendar. were. refeiTed to the Private Calendar. Mr. MIERS.of Indiana, from the Committee on Invalid Pen,. Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to 2238 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 22, which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 1530) granting an increase of pension to Malvina C. Buzzell, reported the same with increase of pension to Theron T. Lamphere. reported the same out amendment, accompanied by a report (No.1126); which said without amendment, a-ecompanied by a report (No. 1109); which bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the· He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 2948) granting an increase of pension to bill of the Senate (S. 1616) granting an increase of pension to George Hyde, reported the same without amendment, accom Michael Donovan, reported the same without amendment, accom- panied by a report (No. 1127); which said bill and report were re panied by a report (No. 1110); which said bill and report were ferred to the Private Calendar. refeiTed to the Private Calendar. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 2940) granting an increase of pension to bill of the Senate (S. 1796) granting an increase of pension to Margaret Liddle, reported the same without amendment, accom Matthew Woodworth, reported the same without amendment, ac- panied by a report (No. 1128); which said bill and report wers companied byareport (No.1111); which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. referred to the Private Calendar. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 2445) granting an increase of pension to bill of the Senate (S. 1554) granting an increase of pension to John George M. Waters, reported the same without amendment, ac D. Pickard, reported the same without amendment, accompanied companied by a report (No. 1129); which said bill and report by a report (No. 1112); which said bill and report were referred were referred to the Private Calendar. to the Private Calendar. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to bill of the Senate (S. 2429) granting an increase of pension to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 3527) granting an John Dow, reported the same without amendment, accompanied increase of pension toJerningham Boone, reported the same with- by a report (No. 1130); which said bill and report were referred out amendment; accompanied by a report (No. 1113); which said to the Private Calendar. bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. MIERS of Indiana, from the Committee on Invalid Pen- Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to sions, to which was referred the bill of the ..I:Iouse (H. R. 6956) which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 354) granting an in- granting an increase of pension to Ellis House, reported the same crease of pension to Clara B. Griswold, reported the same without with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1131); which amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1114); which said bill said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. DEEMER, from the Committtee on Invalid Pensions, to He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 2198) granting a bill of the Senate (S. 3130) granting an increase of pension to pension to Thomas Irvin, reported the same without amendment, Nathan P. Bowman, reported the same without amendment, ac- accompanied by a repo_rt (No. 1132); which said bill and report companied by a report (No. 1115); which said bill and report were were referred to the Private Calendar. referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. MIERS of Indiana, from the Committee on Invalid Pen- He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the sions, to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S.1627) grant bill of the Senate (S. 3738) granting an increase of pension to ing an increase of pension to Alonzo R. Kibbe, reported the same Linus S. Ludington, reported the same without amendment, ac- without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1133); which companied by a report (No.1116); which said bill and report were said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. SULLOWAY. from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the which was referred the billof the Senate (S.1678) granting an in bill of the Senate (S. 3373) granting a pension to Eliza Williams, crease of pension to Rudolph Reinhart, reported the same with reported the same without amendment, accompanied by a report out amendment~ accompanied by a report (No. 1134); which said (No. 1117); which said bill and report were referred to the Private bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Calendar. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to bill of the Senate (S. 9,00) granting an increase of pension to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 1591) granting an Daniel M. Smith, reported the same without amendment, accom increase of pension to James Hahn, reported the same without panied by a report (No. 1135); which said bill and report were amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1118); which said bill referred to the Private Calendar. and report were referred to the Private Calendar. I He also, from the same committee, to which was referred th9 He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 1170) granting an increase of pension to bill of the Senate (S. 935) granting a pension to MaryS. Clark, Lewis L. Bean, reported the same with amendment, accompanied reported the same without amendment, accompanied by a report by a report (No. 1136); which said bill and report were referred (No. 1119); which said bill and report were referred to the Private to the Private Calendar. Calendar. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the Mr. GIBSON, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions! to 1 bill of the Senate (S. 693) granting an increase of pension to which was 1·eferred the bill of the Senate (S. 1272) granting an Charles W. De Rocher, reported the same without amendment, increase of pension to Samuel Rollins, reported the same without accompanied by a report (No. 1137); which said bill and report amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1120); which said bill were referred to the Private Calendar. and report were referred to the Private Calendar. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to bill of the Senate (S. 156) granting an increase of pension to Har which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 3645) granting an riet L. Ford, reporteq the same without amendment, a-ecompa increase of pension to Francis Hall, reported the same without nied by a report (No. 1138); which said bill and report were amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1121); which said bill referred to the Private Calendar. and report were referred to the Private Calendar. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the He also from the same committee, to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S.148) granting an increase of pension to Ben bill of th~ Senate ts. 3085) granting an increase of pension to jamin H. Smalley, reported thesamewit.hout amendment, accom Alexander Lane reported the same without amendment, accom- panied by a report (No. 1139); which said bill and report were panied by a rep~rt (No. 1122); which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. referred to the Private Calendar. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the Mr. MIERS of Indiana, from the Committee on Invalid Pen- bill of the Senate (S.153) granting an increase of pension to Wil sions to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 3423) gran~ liam W. Turk, reported the same without amendment, accompa ing a~ increase of pension to Joseph H. Ott.ey, 1·eported the same nied by a report (No. 1140); which said bill and report were without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1123); which referred to the Private Calendar. said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 2969) granting a pension to Henry Dority, bill of the Senate (S. 3291) granting an increase of pension to reported the same without amendment, accompanied by a report John Olson Bakken, alias John Olson, reported the same without (No. 1141); which said bill and report were referred to the Private amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1124); which said bill Calendar. and report were referred to the Private Calendar. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the He also from the same ·committee, to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 3397) granting an increase of pension to bill of th~ Senate (S. 3452) granting an increase of pension to George B. Christy, reported thesamewithoutamendment, accom Charles Male reported the same without amendment, accom- panied by a report (No. 1142); which said bill and report were panied by a report (No. 1125); which said bill and report were re- referred to the Private Calendar. ferred to the Private Calendar. Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 9082) granting which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 2999) granting an an increa-se of pension to Chester F. Kimball, reported the 8~me 1904. - CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2239 with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1143); which said lish a uniform system of bankruptcy throughout the United bill and report were referred to the Privatt\ Calendar. States-to the Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to By Mr. WALLACE: A bill (H. R. 12774) authorizing the State which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 2966) granting a pen of Arkansas to fix its western boundary-to the Committee on the sion to William Conover, reported the same without amendment, Judiciary-. accompanied by a report (No. 1144); which said bill and report By Mr. LOVERING: A bill (H. R. 12775) to amend the cus were referred to the Private Calendar. toms drawback law-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Mr. GIBSON, from the CommitteeoninvalidPensions, to which By Mr~ McLAIN: A bill (H. R. 12776) to provide for a survey was referred the bill of the Senate (S.· 2662) granting an increase of Natchez Harbor, on Mississippi River, at Natchez, Miss.-to of pension to John H. Carrow, reported the same without amend the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. ment, accompanied by a report (No. 1145); which said bill and By Mr. BURKETT: A joi~t resolution (H. J. Res. 114) to ex report were referred to the Private Calendar. tend the time for construction of the Akron, Sterling and North Mr. SULLOWA Y, from the Committee on Invalid Pensians, to ern Railroad, in Alaska-to the Committee on the Territories. which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 729) granting an By Mr. TAWNEY: A joint resolution (H. J. Res.115) extend increase of pen-sion to Freeman 0. Hodge, reported the same ing the time before which the coastwise laws of the United States without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1146); which can be put into effect either as between the islands of the Philip said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. pine Archipelago or as . betwee~ the Philippine Islan(4; and the Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to United States to July 1, 1906-to the Committee on the Merchant which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 2838) granting a pen Marine and Fisheries. · sion to Louisa Lyon, reported the same without amendment, ac By Mr. FLOOD~ A joint resolution (H. J. Res. 116) asking the companied by a report (No. 1147); which said bill and rep01't President of the United States- to make such investigations to were referred to the Private Calendar. elicit facts in reference to the restrictions put upon the sale of American tobacco-to the Comaittee on Foreign Affairs. . CHANGE OF REFERENCE. By Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi: A resolution (H. Res. 227) Under clause 2 of Rule XXII,. committees were discharged from requesting the Secretary of War to in~orm the Hous~ whether the con-sideratiOn of bills of the "following titles; which were and to what extent the right of free speech and of free political thereupon referred as follows: action prevail in the Philippine Islands since the cessation of hos A bill (H. R. 12701) granting a pension to Sarah E. Hatch tilities-to the Committee on Insular Affairs. Committee on Invalid Pensions discharged, and referred to the By Mr. TAWNEY: A resolution (H. Res. 228) authorizing the Committee on Pensions. Committee on Accounts t.o provide for payment to certain ele A bill (H. R. 12706) granting a pension to C. Otis Johnson vator conductors-to the Committee on Accounts. Committee on Invalid Pensions discharged, and referred to the By Mr. LOVERING: A re ~olution (H. Res. 229) to amend the Committee on P ensions. rules of the House-to the Committee on Rules. PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS. Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions of. of the following titles were introduced and severally referred a-s the following titles were introduced and severally referred as. follows: follows: By Mr. GOULDEN: A bill (H. R. 12762) relative to the natn- By Mr. ALLEN: A bill (H. R. 12777) for the relief of Walter ralization laws of the United States~to the Committee on Immi- W. Harris-to the Committee on Claims. gration and Naturalization. By Mr. BOWERS: A bill (H. R. 12778) granting a pension to By Mr. McLACHLAN: A bill (H. R. 12763) to amend section William H. Meek-to the Committee on Pensions. 17 of the act of Congress apJll'Oved June 6, 1902, entitled ''An act By Mr. BURLEIGH: A bill (H. R. 12779) granting a pension · to increase the limit of cost of certain public buildings, to author- to Henrietta R. Young-to the Committee on Pensions. ize the purchase of sites for public buildings, to authorize the By Mr. CALDWELL: A bill (H. R. 12780) granting a pension. erection and completion of public buildings, and for other pur- to James G. Rumbolz-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. poses ''-to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds_ By Mr. COWHERD: A· bill (H. R.12"781 ) granting an increase· By Mr. CURT'IS: A bill (H. R. 12764) to make final disposition of pension to George Richard-to the Committee on Invalid Pen- of the affairs of the Five Civilized Tribes in the Indian Territory, sions. · and for other pUiposes-to the Committee on Indian Affairs. By :Mr. CURTIS: A l:>ill (H. R. 12782) granting an increase of By Mr. JACKSON of Ohio: A bill (H. R. 12765) to am~nd sec- pension to Isaac W. Johnson-to the Committee on Invalid Pen ti.on 45 of an act entitled '"'An act to reduce revenue and equalize sions. duties on imports, and for other purposes," approved October 1, Also, a bill (H. R. 12783) granting a pension to Harlon Scarlett-- 1890-to the Committee on Ways and :M:eans. to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. LANNING: A bill (H. R; 12766) to establish a perma- By Mr. DAYTON: A bill (H. R.12784) granting an increase of nent military camp ground in Somerset County, in the State of pension to Thomas W. Waugh-to the Committee on Invalid New Jersey-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Pensions. . _ . By Mr. OVERSTREET: A bill (H. R. 12767) to amend an act By Mr. EVANS: A bill (H. R. 12785) to correct the military entitled "An aet to regulate commerce/' approve<.\ February 4, record of James Nolen-to the.Committee on Military A:.ffall.-s. - 1887, and to further prevent the payment of commissions or re- ~ Also, a bill (H. R. 12786) to correct the military record of Ar bates on freight-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign thur A. Snyder-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Commerce. .Also, a bill (H. R. 12787) granting an increase of pension to - By Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi: A bill (H. R. 12768) to Emma Van Scoyoc-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. carry into effect the provisions of a convention signed .at Wash- Also, a bill (H. R. 12'i88) granting an increase of-pension to ington, July 24, 1899, between the United States and Fr.ance, un- Burdine Blake-to the Committee. on Invalid Pensions. der authority of "An act to provide revenue for the Government Also, a bill (H. R.12'i89) granting a pension to Christian Wag- and to encourage the industries Of the United States," approved ner-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. · July 24, 1897, and transmitted to the Senate of the United States Also, a bill (H. R. 12790) granting a pension to Millicent Li by the President, at Washington, December 6, 1899-to the Com- Valley-to the Comiilittee on Invalid Pensions. mittee on Ways and Means. By Mr. . GOEBEL: A bill (H. R. 12791) to amend the -record of By Mr. COWHERD: A bill (H. R. 12769) authorizing the Sec- John J. Troxell-to the Committee on Military Affairs. retary of the Treasury to procure a copy in bronze of David d' An- Also, a bill (H. R. 12792) granting an increase of pension to · gers's plaster head of Lafayette, now at Mount Vernon-to the Hem·y H. Struve-to the Committee on Invalid Pensio~ s. Committee on the LI"brary. Also, a bill (H. R. 12"793) granting an increase of pension to By Mr. SLEMP: A bill (H. R. 12770) for the erection of a William Hand-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. monument to the memory of Gen. William Campbell-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 12'i94) granting an increase of pension to Committee on the Library. Thomas J. Pavy-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. SMITH of Iowa: A bill (H. R.12771) to increase the Also, a bill (H. R.12705) gTanting an increase of pension to John limit of ccst for the erection of a public building at Atlantic, L. L.ee-to the Committee on Invalid PenSions. Iowa-to the Committee on Public Bu.llilings and Grounds. By Mr. GRIFFITH: A bill (H. R. 12796) for the relief of John By Mr. SLAYDEN (by request): A bill (H. R. 12772) to restore B. Beavers-to the Committee on Claims. • certain_ officers of the United States Army to their proper places Also, a bill (H. R. 12797) for the relief of John B. Beavers-to on their respective lineal lists-to the Committee on Military the Committee on Claims. Affairs. . . _ Also, a bill (H. R. 12798) granting a pension to William East- By Mr. BYRD: A bill (H. R. 12773) to repeal the act to estab- to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. . 2240 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 22, .Also, a bill (H. R.12799) granting a pension to Elizabeth Clay Also, memorial of the North Dakota Retail Hardware Associa to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. tion, against legislation for the establishment of a parcels-post By :Mr. GUDGER: A bill (H. R. 12800) granting a pension to to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Robert L. Franks-to the Committee on Pensions. Also, petition of the women's clubs of illinois, favoring the By Mr. HAMLIN: A bill (H.R.12801) granting an increase of passage of a bill for a national forest reserve in the White Moun pension to H. B. Meyer-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. tains, inNew Hampshire-to the Committee on the Public Lands. By Mr. HEDGE: A bill (H. R.12802) for the 1·elief of .Albert D. Also, petition of members of the Ministerial Alliance of Kan Dunlap-to the Committee on Claims. kakee, ill., urging passage of the Hepburn-Dolliver bill-to the . By Mr. HOGG: A bill (H. R. 12803) granting certain lands to Committee on the Judiciary. the city of Durango, Colo.-to the. Committee on the Public . By Mr. ACHESON: Petitions of members of the Presbyterian Lands. Church, and of Charles E. McKinley and 19 others, of New Wil By Mr. JONES of Washington: A bill (H. R. 12804) granting an mington, Pa., for the passage of theHepbm·n-Dolliverbill-tothe increase of pension to Smith B. Mills-to the Committee on Invalid Committee on the Judiciary. Pen ions. By Mr. ALEXANDER: Petition of George E. Matthews and 12 By Mr. MIERS of Indiana: A bill (H. R. 12805) granting a pen other voters of Buffalo, N.Y., opposing the eight-hour bill-to sion to Margaret J. Snook-to the Committee on Invalid Pen the Committee on Labor• sions . .Also, petition of George E. Matthews and 12 other voters, op .Also, a bill (H. R. 12806) granting an increase of pension to posing the anticonspiracy and anti-injunction bill-to the Com James S. Horrall-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. mittee on the Judiciary. By Mr. PATTERSON of Pennsylvania: A bill (H. R. 12807) Also, resolutions of Typothetm of Buffalo, N.Y., opposing the gt·anting an increase of pension to John B. Penrose-to the Com eight-hour and the anticonspiracy bills-to the Committee on the mittee on Invalid Pensions. Judiciary. By Mr. POWERS of Massachusetts: A bill (H. R. 12808) grant By Mr. ALLEN: Petition of F. N. Dow and others, of Port ing a pension to Harriet S. Ripley-to the Committee on Invalid land, Me., owners of motor carriages, favoring the passage of Pen ions. the Brownlow good-roads bill-to theCommittee on Agriculture. Also, a bill (H. R. 12809) granting a pension to Amanda M. Also, petition of Walter W. Harris, asking for one month's Webb-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. extra pay as corporal-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 12810) granting a pension to Octavia J. By Mr. BANKHEAD: Petitions o"f Dora Terrell, heir at law of Trull-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Andrew J. Huston; J. A. McDonald, heir of James McDonald; By Mr. ROB.B: A bill (H. R. 12811) for the relief of James Woddens M. Walker, heir of Thaddeus Walker, and R. J. May Fears-to the Committee on War Claims. field, praying for reference of claims to the Court of Claims un , By Mr. RODENBERG: A bill (H. R.12812) granting a pension der the Bowman Act-to the Committee on War Claims. to Solomon F. Wehr-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. BOUTELL: Resolution of Chicago Board of Trade, fa Also, a bill (H. R. 12813) ~anting an increase of pension to voring passage of bill H. R. 7871-to the Committee on the Judi Martin Poole-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ciary. Also, a bill (H. R. 12814) for the relief of Adam Eichner-to By Mr. BOWIE: Petitions of the legal representatives of the the Committee on Military Affairs. estate of William Ozley and of Thomas B. Parker, for reference By Mr. RODEY: A bill (H. R. 12815) for the relief of B. J. of claim to Com·t of Claims under the Bowman Act-to the Com Lujan-to the Committee on Claims . mittee on War Claims. . By Mr. SHACKLEFORD: A bill (H. R.12816) for the relief of By Mr. BRICK (by request): Petition of A. L. Prescott and 33 George E. Dodd-to the Committee on Claims. other voters of Goshen, Ind., favoringthe Hepburn-Dolliver bill , By Mr. SMITH of Pennsylvania:· A bill (H. R. 12817) granting to the Committee on the Judiciary. a pension to Kate D. Marlin-to the Committee on Invalid Pen By Mr. BROWN of Wisconsin: Petition of Wisconflin Live sions. Stock Breeders' Association, in favor of increasing the allowance Also, a bill (H. R. 12818) granting a pension toN. M. Brock of agricultural experiment stations of the different States-to the way-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Committee on Agriculture . . By Mr. SOUTHARD: A bill (H. R. 12819) granting a pension Also, resolution of Western Association of Shoe Wholesalers, to William D. Jordan-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. favoring more power to Interstate Commerce Commission-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 12820) granting an increase of pension to Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce: Isabella Bryson-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. BRUNDIDGE: Petition of James H. Meritt, for refer · Also, a bill (H. R. 12821) gt·anting an increase of pension to ence of claim to Co~n·t of Claims under the Bowman Act-to the Noah Bm·do-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 128'>2 ) granting an increase of pension to By Mi·. BURKE: Petition of W. Dyktra and others, of Mon Obediah A. Bigley-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. roe; J. A. McLane and others, of Rockham; J. E. Walker and Also, a bill (H. R. 12 23 ) granting an increase of pension to others, of Davis; C. W. Albright, of Iroquois; D. H. Lofters, of James Hodges-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. De Sonett, and R. H. Williams, of Brookings, S.Dak., opposing Also, a bill (H. R. 12 24) granting an increase of pension to a parcels-post bill-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post Rebecca Carr-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Roads. By Mr. SPALDING: A bill (H. R.12825) granting a pension to By Mr. BURKETT: Resolution of the Western Association of Elizabeth Merrill Heffron-to the Committee on Invalid Pen Shoe Wholesalers-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign < sions. Commerce. { By Mr. SULLIVAN of Massachusetts: A bill (H. R. 12826) Also, petition of East Lincoln Woman s Christian Temperance gmnting an increase of pension to Charles I. Pierce-to the Com Union and F. M. Esterbrookand 24othervoters of Lincoln, Nebr., mittee on Invalid Pensions. in favor of the Hepburn-Dolliver bill-to the Committee on the By Mr. SULLIVAN of New York: A bill (H. R. 12827) grant Judiciary. ing an increase of pension to Agnes Flynn-to the Committee on By Mr ..BURLEIGH: Petition of wives, sisters, and daughters Invalid Pensions. of soldiers, in favor of a service-pension bill-to the Committee By M1·. WEEMS: A bill (H. R. 12828) granting a pension to on Invalid Pensions. Jos phine Hoffman-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. BURNETT: Petitions of Robert C. Reed and of heirs of By :Mr. WYNN: A bill (H. R. 12829) granting an increase of Cynthia Daniel, for reference of claims to the Court of Claims un pension to Johanna J. Naughton-to the Committee on Invalid der the Bowman Act-to the Committee on War Claims. Pensions. Also, petition of the legal representatives of the estate of By Mr. MUDD: A bill (H. R. 12830) providing for the reinstate Leonard F. Daniel, for reference of claim to the Court of Claims ment in and retirement from the Navy of Frank A. R. George under the Bowman Act-to the Committee on War Claims. to the Committee on Naval Affairs. By Mr. CALDERHEAD: Resolution of the Western Associa tion of Shoe Wholesalers, in regard to discrimination in tariff rates of transportation-to the Committee en Interstate and For PETITIONS, ETC. eign Commerce. Also, resolution of Kansas State Temperance Union, in favor Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and papers of the Hepbmn-Dolliver bill-to the Committee on the Judiciary. were laid on the Clerk s desk and referred as follows: Also, petition of members of the Brotherhood of Boiler Makers By the SPEAKER: Memorial of Western Association of Shoe and Iron-ship Builders of Ame1ica, in favor of bills S. 2259 and Wholesalers, praying for legislation granting additional powers 2263 and H. R. 12222 and 7056-to the Committee on the Merchant to the Interstate Commerce Commission-to the Committee on Marine and Fisheries. Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Also, petition of Mrs. W. E. Stanley, State regent, Daughters 1904. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE .. 2241 of the American Revolution, of Kansas, for the passage of a na- 1 Grand Army of the Republic-to the Committee on Invalid Pen- tiona! flag law-to the Committee on t he J udiciary. - sions. By Mr. CASSINGHAM: Papers to accompany bill H. R. 6332. By Mr. GRAFF: Petition of Lucia-nPost,No. 410, Grand .Army granting a pension to Rachel Davis-to the Committee on Invalid of the Republic~ of Lucian, ill., favoring pa sage of a service- Pensions. pension bill-to the Committee on Invalid Pen ions. By Mr. CURTIS: Petitjon of members of the State Soldiers' Also, resolution of Frank Reed Post, No. 409, Grand 'Army of Home, For t Dodge, Kans., in favor of bill H. R. 7873-to the Com- the Republic, of Tuscola, ill., favoring a service-pension bill-to mittee on Im-alid Pensions. the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, resolutions of l\1 uddy Creek Grange, No. 1437. of Kansas~ Also, resolutions of Wilson Circle of Ladies of the Grand Army in favor of the Brownlow good-roads bill-to the Committee on of the Republic. of Peoria, ill.; Dunham Post, No. 141, of De Agriculture. - eatur; Walter Blanchard Post, No. 386, of Naperville; E. G. Also, petition of Daughters of the American Revolution of Kan- Trask Post. No. 388, of Chatsworth; G. W. Sanders Post, No. 393, sas, in favor of a national-flag law-..-to the Committee on the of Arcola; Barnes Post, No. 395, of Kingston; George W. Hewitt Judiciary. Post, No. 398, of Franklin Grove; John 0. Duer Post, No. 399, of Al o, resolutions of the Kansas State Temperance Union, in Hanover; E. L. Gooding Post, No. 401, of Lockport· Mother favor of the Hepburn-Dolliver bill-to the Committee on the Bickerdike Post, No. 402, of Edinburg; Mattoon Post, No. 4.04, of Judiciary. . Mattoon, and R. M. A. Hawk Post, No. 406 , of SaT"anna, all in By l\1r. DARRAGH: Petition of 117 citizens of Evart, Mich., illinois, Grand Army of the Republic, in favor of a service-pension favoring bill H. R. 4072-to the Committee on the Judiciary. bill-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. DINSMORE: Petition of William B. Rutherford and By Mr. GRIFFITH: Papers to accompany bill gr~nting a pen- petition of John W. Bean, for reference of claims to Court of sion to William East; also testimony in support of bill granting a Claims-to the Committee on War Claims. pension to Elizabeth Clay-to the Committee on In\alid Pensions. By Mr. DOUGLAS: Petitions of Walton M. BriggS' and 42 Also, resolutions of tobacco growers of Switzerland County, others, James 0 . Rhodes and 13 others, and Charles F. Coy and Ind., in favor of bill to amend the revenne laws relating to to many others, all of New York City, in favor of the Hepburn- bacco sold by farmers and others-to the Committee on Ways Dolliver bill-to the Committee on the Judiciary. and Means. By Mr. DRAPER: Petition of National German-American Al- Also, petitions to accompany bills for relief of John B. Beavers- liance, opposing Hepburn-Dolliver bill-to the Committee on the to the Committee on l\iilitary Affairs. Judiciary. By Mr. HASKINS: Resolution of Mason Post, No. 16, Grand By Mr. DRESSER: Petition of the Woman's Christian Tern- Army of the Republic, of Vermont, in favor of the passage of a perance Union of Kane, Pa., urging the passage of a bill to pre- service-pension bill-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. vent nullification of State liquor laws-totheCommitteeon Alco- Also, petition of R. P. Lord and 42 others, of Barre, Vt., in holic Liquor Traffic. favor of the passage of the Brownlow good-roads bill-to the By Mr. ESCH: Petition of the Western Association of Shoe Committee on Agriculture. - Wholesalers, opposing passage of the parceLs-post bill-to the Com- By Mr. HAY: Petition of Isaac B. Frye and 27 other voters of mittee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Mountain F;:tlls, Va., urging passage of the Hepburn-Dolliver Also, petition of Wilson Colwell Post, No. 38, Grand Army of bill-to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Republic, Department of Wisconsin, favoring passage of a By Mr. HEDGE: Papers to accompany House bill for the relief service-pension bill-to the C.ommittee on Invalid Pensions. of Albert D~ Dunlap-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ALso, petition of I. N. Barnes. of Grand Forks. N. Dak., oppos- By Mr. HINSHAW: Petitions of Woman's Temperance Union ing passage of a parcels-post bill-to the Committee on the Post- of Hebron. Nebr., and the Society of Christian Endeavor of Mar Office and Post-Roads. quette Nebr., urging the ·passage of the Hepburn-Dolliver bill- By Mr. EVANS: Resolutions of Colonel William G. Murry Post, to the Committee on the Judiciary. · No. 39, of Hollidaysburg; Fred. G. Ward Post. No. 468, of Altoona; By Mr. JACKSON of Ohio: Papers to accompany bill H. R. Sergeant Thomas McCloskey Post, No. 314 of Gallitzin; Colonel 14191, by Mr. Norton, from the Ohio Wine Association-to the D. M. Jones Post, No. 172, of Tyrone; Major William Watson Committee on Ways and Means. Post.No.332 ofBedford; SanfordF.BeyerPost,No.426,ofBelle- Also, paperstoaccompany each of the following bills: H. R. \ wo~d. and Lieutenant S. C. Pott4.3 Post, No. 62, of Altoona, all in 5572, granting a pension to Mary A. Harrison; H. R. 10053, grant the State of Pennsylvania., Grand Army of the Republic-to the ing an increase of pension to Charles A. Reeser; H. R. 10054, Committee on Invalid Pensions. granting an increase of pension to Jacob M. Zartman; H. R. \ By Mr. FITZGERALD: Resolution of MB.nufacturers' Associa- 10056, granting an increase of pension to Henry Thoman: H. R. tion of New York, favoring the reduction of the tax on alcohol to 10057, granting a pension to John Richardson; H. R. 10695, grant- { 70 cents a gallon-to the Committee on Akoholic Liquor Traffic. ing an increase of pension to Jefferson Martin; H. R.10696, grant Also, resolutions of the German-American Alliance, opposing ing an increase of pension to Frederick Clink, and H. R. 11912, . '\ the Hepburn-Dolliver bill-to the Committee on the Judiciary. granting an increase of pension to Henry Balskey--tQ the Com- ~ Also, resolution of the assembly of the State of New York, mittee on Invalid Pensions. J favoring the Brownlow good-roads bill-to the Committee on By Mr. LACEY: Petition of Boilers and Iron Ship Builders' ( Agriculture. Union, for the passageofbills H. R. 16,139, and 7056-tothe Com- l By 1\fr. FLOOD: Petition of Rev. R. W. Watts and 59 others mittee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries. l ( \ of the Tenth Congressional district of Virginia, in favor of the Also, resolution of the United Mine Workers of Foster, Iowa, I Hepburn-Dolliver bill-to the Committee on the Judiciary. in favor of anti-injunction bill-to the Committee on the Judi- J By Mr. GILBERT: Petition of merchants of Stamford, Ky., ciary. opposing the parcels-post bill-to the Committee on the Post-Office Also, resolution of the W ,estern Association of Shoe Whole- and Post-Roads. salers, favoring increasing the powers of the Interstate Commerce · By Mr. GOEBEL: Papers to accompany House bill granting a Commission-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com- pension to John L. Lee-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. merce. Mr. GOLDFOGLE: Resolutions of the senate of the State of By Mr. LAWRENCE: Petitions of George M:- Prentice and 14. New York. favoring the passage of the bill to promote the effi- others, and Rev. F. M. Estes and 28 others, of Holyoke, Mass., in ciency of the Life-Saving Service- to the Committee on Interstate favor of the passage of the Hepburn-Dolliver bill-to the Com- and Foreign Commerce. mittee on the Judiciary. Also, petition of theNew York Board of Trade and Transporta- By Mr. LITTLE: Petition of the representatives of the estate tion, for an appropriation for the improvement of the Harlem of Harriet F. Isaac, for reference of claim to the Court of Claims River and Bronx Kills-to the Committee on Rivers and Har- under the Bowman Act--to the Committee on War Claims. bora. By Mr. McCLEARY of Minnesota: Petition of Horrace Cum . Also, petition of the American Society for the Prevention of mins and others, citizens of Eagle Lake, Minn., in favor of the Cruelty to Animals, favoring the passage of a bill for the estab- Hepburn-Dolliver bill-to the Committee on the Judiciary. lishment of a board for the protection of children and animaLs- By Mr. McDERMOTT: Petitions of Second UnitedPresbyterian to the Committee on the Judiciary. Church and 44 voters, and of James M. Gimpsey and 11 voters, of Also, re ~ olutions of the United Commercial Travelers, New Jersey City, N.J., favoring the passage of the Hepburn-Dolliver York Council. asking amendment_to bankruptcy act so as to in- bill-to the Committee on the Judiciary. . elude traveling and city salesmen as preferred creditors-to the By Mr. WALLACE: Petitions of Isham H. Mark, heir of Committee on the Judiciary. - William Mark, for reference of claim to the Court of Claims, and By Mr. GOULDEN: Indorsement of John E. Bendix Post. No. of J. C. Kerr, heir of Taliaperro S. B. Kerr, for reference-of claim 402, Grand Army of the Republic, Department of New York, of to the Court Qf Claims under the Bowman Act-to the Committee the service-pension bill of the national pension committee of the 0:::1 War Claims. - - XXXVIII- 141 2242 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. FEBRUARY 23, 'By Mr. M.ARSHAL'L: 'Petition of Theodore J. Hanyeburg and By Mr. 'SULLIVAN of New York: 'Resolutions of the assembly 46 other business firms, of. Wa-shburn, Md., opposing the parcels of the State of New York! favorable to the pazsage of the Brown post bill-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. low good-roads.bill-to the Committee on Agriculture. ]3y Mr. MIERS of Indiana: Pa})ers to aceompany House bill for Also, resolutions of the National League of Commis ion Mer increase of pension of Harvey _Miller-to the Committee on In cbants, relating to freights-to the Committee on Interstate and valid pensions. Foreign Commerce. Also, papers to accompany ·Honse bill to increase _pension of Also, resolutions of the "'Board of Trade held at Washington, James L. Han-oil-to the Committee on In"\"alid Pensions. D. C., for the material increase of ...!.merican shippinO' in the for By"Mr. NEEDHAM: Petition of W. J. Dillman. chairman of eign trade-to-the Committee on the Mei·chantJ\farine and Fish the board of supervisors, of Sacramento, Cal., relative to ·bridges eries. and dam on Mokelumne River-to the Committee on Rivers and Also, resolutions of the Maritime Association of the Port of Harbors. New York, for the impro ement of 'Point Judith, R. I.-to the Also, petition of Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic, Committee on Rivers and "Harbors. San Francisco, fav01"i.ng service-pension bill-to the Committee on Also, resolution of the Manufacturers' Association of New York, Invalid Pensions. a_pproving bill ·H. R. 7036-to the- Committee on Ways and Means. Also, petition of-whipple -Post, No. 49, Grand .Army of the .:Also, resolution of the 1Jnitea German Societies of New York, R epublic, of Eureka, Cal., favoring pensioning soldiers who O:Qposing the_Hepbum-Dolliver bill-to the Committee on theJ udi served in the-war of the rebellion at .512 per month-to the Com ciary. mittee on War Claims. Also, resolution of Brooklyn Council,'No. 1G5, United Commer - :Also, petition of Manufacturers and Prooucers' Association of ciai.Travelers, urging_passage of an amendment to the bankruptcy California, qpposing billS. 3937, .lmown as ·the "Foraker bill-to bill..:_to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Also, memorial of theNational Rural Letter Carriers' Associa Also, -resolution of Manufacturers -ana .Producers' Association tion, for an increase in salary-to the Committee on the Post of California, relative to customs-to the Committee on the Office and Post-B.oads. Judiciary. "'By1rir. TIRRELL: Petition of A. B. Webber and 19 others, of By :Mr. POWERS of Ma~sachusetts: P etitions of George .R. Bedford, Mass., for theJ>a age of the Hepburn-Dolliver bill-to Bird Post. No. 169, of Norwood; General Sylvanis -Thayer Post, the Committee on the Judiciary . No. 87 , of Braintree; St. John Chamber Post, No. 72, of-Stoughton; By Mr. UNDERWOOD: Petition of heirs of :Michael K. White, Timothy Ingraham Post, No. 121. of Hyde .Park; Franklin Post, for reference of. claim to the Court of Claims-to the Committee No.-60, of Franklin; C. C. Phillips Post, No. 14, of Hoppington; on War Claims. George H. Maintien Post, No. 13'd, of Plainsville, and E. B. Pnt By Mr. WEBB: .Papers to accompany bill H. R. 12529, grant nam Post, of Chelsea, a11 in Massachusetts, Grand :Army of the ing a pension to Sarah Green-to the Committee on Pen ions. Reptiolic. favoring a service-pension bill-to 'the Committee on Also, papers to accompany bill H . .R. 12528, granting an increase Invalid Pensions. . of pension to .Stephen ~I. Davis-to the Committee on Invalid lly Mr.B.EEDER: Petition of citizens of Phillipsburg, Kans., in Pensions. fr1-ror of the parcels-post bill-to the Committe_e on the Post-Office By Mr. WEEMS: Papers to accompany'bill E. R.1134:4-to the and Post-Roads. Committee on Invalid Pensions. 13y Mr. REID: Petitions of 1\Iary Lefevre, Manerva J, Spake, Also, papers. to accompany bill !fl. R. 12680-to the Committee and J. C. Turner, heir of WilliamS. Turner and Anne Turner, on Invalid Pensions. tor .reference of claims to·the Court of Claims under the Bowman ·By Mr. WILEY of Alabama: Petitions of legal heirs of the es Act-to the Committee on War Claims. tate of ·William T. Daniel, for reference of claim to Court of - 'By Mr. RICHARDSON :of Alabama: Petitions of Joseph A. Claims under the Bowman Act,and of Robert J . .A . Stringer, for Hardwick; Nancy Taylor, heir of Nancy Dilworth, ana "Frank B. reference of claipl to the·Court of Claims-to-the Committee on Buels, heir of Demp ey D. 'Buels, for reference -of claims to the War Claims. Court of Claims under 'the Bowman Act~to the Committee on War Claims. Also,:petition of citizens of Limestone County, Ala., favoring SEN.AT.E. ) pa sage of the "Brownlow good-roads bill-to the Committee on TUESDAY, Febrtta11f 23, 1901,.. Agl'iculture. By Mr. 'ROBB: Papers to accoml_)any House ·bill for the relief The Senate met at 11 o clock a. m. of James Fears of Centerville, Mo;-to the Committee on Claims. P rayer by the Chaplain, 'Rev. Enw. .um EvERETT HALE. · By Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana: Petition of C. S. Jackson, op The-Secretary-proceeded to read the.Journal of yesterday's pro- posing parcels-post bill-to the Committee on the Post-Office and ceedings, when, on request of Mr. "'KE.A.N, and by unanimous con · Poot-Roads. sent, the further reading was dispensed with. By Mr. SHACKLEFORD: Petition of·George E. Dodd, ofltiis The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, the Journal souri, for. extra pay-to the Committee on Military ,Affairs. will stand approved. Also, petition of 'Rev. .B. F. Logan. of Co1e Camp, Mo., urging PETITIOXS ..L"\"D MEMORIALS. pas~ age of t4e Hepburn-Dolliver bill-to the Committee on the The :.PRESIDENT pro tempore JH·esented memorials of the \ Judicia:u. Rheinpfaelzer Sick Relief Society, of Pittsburg; of the St. Joseph's I Also, petition of Orrin Hamlin and 34 other voter , S. E. Briggs German Catholic Beneficial Society, of Scranton; of the Bonifa and 44: other voters, and D.P. Anderson and 34: other voters, all of cius Brotherl;1.0od, of Reading; of the St. Bernard's Beneficial { Versaille ,Mo. urgingpassageoftheHepburn-Dolliverbill-tothe Society, of Shamokin, and of the .Fourteen Saints Beneficial AFso Committee on the Judiciary. ciation, of Altoona, all in the State of Pennsylvania; .of the Clif By :Mr. S~IITH of New Y m:k: .Petition of James A. Gordon aJ.?.d ton Heights Gesang Verein, of Cincinnati, and of Manlius.Lodge, 15 other citizens of Cabin 'Hill, N.Y., urging passage of the Hep No . .23, of Cleveland in the State of Ohio; of the Vershults ) burn bill-to the Committee on the Judiciary. Drivers' Association, of Brooklyn, andof.theOerelPleasure'Club, \ By Mr. ·SMITH of Pennsyl~nia: Petition of Turk Post, ·No. of New York City, in the State of New York; of the Helvetia I 321, Grand Army of the Republic, ofDayton, Pa., favoring passage Society, of .Medford, and of the St. Bonifacius Benevolent Society, of a service-pension bill-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of Medford, in the State of Wisconsin; of the Norddeutscher Also, petition of Little Post No. 237, Grand .Army of theRe Verein, of San Francisco, Cal, and of the Eintracht Verein,of public, Department of Pennsylvania, favoring a service-pension Portland, Oreg., remonstratinO' against the enactment of legisla bill-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. tion to l'egulate the interstate transportation of intoxicating Also, petition of citizens of Spring Church,Armstrong County, liquors; which were refen-ed to the Committee on the Judiciary. Pa., favoring passage of -the "Brownlow good-roads bill-to the .Mr. PENROSE. I present a preamble and resolutions unani Committee on Agriculture. mously adopted by the board of directors of the Philadelphia Dy Mr. SPARKMAN: Resdlutions of-theNortheastern'District Bourse, relating to arbitration between the United States and Union, Christian Endeavor, of Florfila, in favor of the ·Hepburn foreign nations, particularly with Great Britain. The paper is Dolliver bill-to the Committee on the Juaiciary. brief, and I ask t.o ·have it read and referred to the Committee on Also, petition of sundry citizens of :Florida, asking for an ap Foreign Relations. propriation to dredge Little ·Sarasota Bay, ·venice Bay, and th~ There being no objection, the resolutions were .read, and re qpening of Caseys.Pass-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. ferred to the Committee on Foreign Relations, as follows: By Mr. SPERRY: Fetition of Centra1 'Labor Union -of Hart Re arbitration treaties between the United -states and fo.re~gn nations, par· ford Conn., in opposition to the bill to create a national arbitra ticularly with Great "Britain. -Preamble and re olutians unanimously tion 'tribunal-to the Committee on Labor. adopted by tlte boa-rd of directors of the Philadelphia Bom'Se, February _.\lso, resolution of the Hartford Central Labor Union, of Hart 10, HI04. Wherea.s in the intercourse of nations, as in that of individuals, differences ford, Conn., fav01"ing increasing the capacity of the Naval Gun ~~dpinion, disputes, and controversies are bound from time to time to arise; Factory-to the Committee on Naval Affairs.