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Ceramic Sequence in Colima: Capacha, an Early Phase

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Ceramic Sequence in Colima: Capacha, an Early Phase Ceramic Sequence in Colima: Capacha, an Early Phase Item Type Book; text Authors Kelly, Isabel Publisher University of Arizona Press (Tucson, AZ) Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents Download date 04/10/2021 07:06:32 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/615912 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA NUMBER 37 CERAMIC SEQUENCE IN COLIMA: CAPACHA, AN EARLY PHASE ISABEL KELLY THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA PRESS TUCSON, ARIZONA 1980 Some images in this book have been redacted due to sensitive content. To the memory of Carl Ortwin Sauer and Lorena Schowengerdt Sauer CONTENTS FOREWORD vii Ceramics: Capacha Monochrome 24 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix Form 24 Decoration 26 1. INTRODUCTION Painted Variants 26 Summary and Comments 26 2. CERAMIC SEQUENCE IN COLIMA 3 Miscellaneous Manufactures 26 Phases 3 Chronology 27 Capacha 3 Stratigraphy 27 Ortices 3 Absolute Dating 27 Ceramics 3 Dating 5 External Relationships 6 Comala 6 4. CAPACHA RELATIONSHIPS 29 Ceramics 6 Mesoamerica 29 Dating 6 Huasteca 29 External Relationships 7 Southern Gulf Coast 29 Colima 8 Soconusco 29 Ceramics 8 Chiapa de Corzo 30 Dating 8 Nayarit 30 External Relationships 8 Sinaloa 30 Armeria 9 Coastal Guerrero 30 Ceramics 9 Openo Phase (Michoacan) 30 Stone Sculpture 9 Ceramics 30 Dating 10 Miscellaneous Manufactures 31 External Relationships 10 Comments 31 Chanal 11 "Tlatilco Style" (Central Mexico) 31 Ceramics 11 Composition 32 Metal 12 Grave Lots 32 Stone 12 Chronology 32 Dating and Distribution 12 Ceramics 33 External Relationships 13 Figurines 33 Periquillo 15 Miscellaneous Manufactures 34 Ceramics 15 Comments 34 Metal 16 Honduras 34 Stone 16 Northwest South America 34 Dating 16 Resemblances 34 External Relationships 17 The Chronological Quandary 36 Comments 17 Summary 37 3. THE CAPACHA PHASE 18 Capacha Emerges 18 APPENDIX I. CEMETERIES AND TESTS 39 Sites 19 1. Arroyo de San Antonio 39 Distribution 22 2. La Canada 39 Jalisco 22 3. La Parranda, Site A 43 Nayarit and Sinaloa 22 4. Terceno de Jesus Gutierrez 44 Baja California 22 5. Parcela de Luis Salazar 46 Michoacan and Guerrero 23 6. La Capacha 46 Interments 23 7. EI Barrig6n 47 [v] vi Contents 8. Terreno de Fidel Valladares 49 8. Interments: Quintero, Capacha-phase Burials 3, 4, 9. Las Borregas 50 and 5 52 10. Quintero 50 9. Capacha monochrome. Vessel form: buIes 56 10. Capacha monochrome. Vessel form: cantaro and bottle-neck sherd 57 APPENDIX II. CERAMICS 54 11. Capacha monochrome and an Openo vessel. Vessel Capacha Monochrome 54 form: ollas 58 Source Material 54 12. Capacha monochrome. Vessel form: bowls 59 Color 54 13. Capacha monochrome. Vessel form: compound vessels Thickness 54 and effigy pot 60 Paste 54 14. Capacha monochrome. Vessel form: miniatures 61 Surface 54 15. Capacha monochrome. Decoration: incision and punctation Technique 54 62 16. Capacha monochrome. Decoration: incision and Form 54 punctation 63 Decoration 57 17. Capacha monochrome. Decoration: incision and Painted Variants 60 punctation 64 Unclassified and Trade Wares 61 18. Capacha monochrome. Decoration: incision and Griddles (Non-Capacha?) 62 punctation 65 Miscellaneous Pottery Products 66 19. Capacha monochrome. Decoration: incision and Figurines 66 punctation 67 Whistles 77 20. Capacha monochrome. Decoration: incision and Ornaments 77 punctation 68 Worked Sherds 77 21. Capacha monochrome. Decoration: incision, punctation, and modeling 69 Unfired Clay Tablets 77 22. Capacha monochrome. Decoration: incision and punctation 70 APPENDIX III. STONE ARTIFACTS 83 23. Capacha monochrome. Decoration: incision and Obsidian 83 punctation 71 Ground Stone 83 24. Capacha monochrome. Decoration: incision, Metates and Manos 83 punctation, and modeling 71 "Nutting" Stones 86 25. Capacha monochrome. Vessel form and decoration 72 26. Capacha monochrome. Decoration: incision, 87 Stone Receptacles punctation, and modeling 73 Axes with Three-quarter Groove 87 27. Capacha monochrome. Decoration: modeling 74 Miscellaneous Manufactures 87 28. Capacha monochrome: variants and dubiously classified 74 APPENDIX IV. PROVENIENCE AND 29. Capacha monochrome: variants and dubiously ASSOCIATION 91 classified 75 A. Grave Lots 91 30. Capacha monochrome variants and non-Capacha vessels 76 B. Cemetery Association 92 31. Sherds and miscellaneous items from Capacha C. Alleged Association in Grave Lots 94 cemeteries 78 D. Alleged Association in Monero Pits 95 32. Capacha figurines and fragments 79 E. Alleged Cemetery Association 96 33. Capacha figurines and fragments 80 34. Capacha figurines 81 APPENDIX V. SKELETAL REMAINS 97 35. Capacha products, miscellaneous 82 By Jose Antonio Pompa 36. Capacha obsidian artifacts 84 37. Capacha metates 84 38. Capacha metates 85 NOTES 101 39. Capacha miniature metate, tetrapod 85 40. Capacha manos 86 REFERENCES 105 41. Capacha "nutting" stones 87 42. Capacha stone receptacles 88 43. Capacha stone artifacts, miscellaneous 89 44. Capacha stone artifacts, miscellaneous 90 FIGURES 45. Capacha stone artifacts, miscellaneous 90 1. Locations of known Capacha-phase cemetery sites 2 46. Capacha cranium 98 2. Landscape and excavations 20-21 47. Capacha cranium 99 3. Interments at La Parranda and Quintero 40 4. Interments: La Canada, Capacha-phase group Burial 2 41 5. Interments: La Canada, Capacha-phase Burials 3, 4, and 5 42 TABLES 6. Interment: La Parranda A, Capacha-phase Burial 3 44 1. Radiocarbon dates for various Colima phases 4 7. Interments:.La Parranda A, Capacha-phase Burials 4 2. Capacha interments 25 and 5, and non-Capacha interments 6 and 7 45 3. Capacha monochrome: bule decoration 66 FOREWORD The thrill of discovery comes to an investigator in archae­ 1720 B.C., is an example of that, as Dr. Kelly will be the ology when a class of objects apparently foreign to a famil­ first to admit. The earliness of this complex and the stylis­ iar complex of cultural materials can be assigned to a place tic connections reflected in the pottery with other ceramics in a chronological scheme or determined to be indicators from Mesoamerica and northwest South America, single of connections with people in other parts of the world. this work out as of fundamental significance to Through Dr. Kelly'S eyes and mind, we see how the Capa­ Mesoamerican prehistory. Through these investigations, a cha Phase, new to the complex picture of West Mexican window to a new understanding of Mexican-South Ameri­ archaeology, was born. can connections is opened for us. Kelly'S field work in Colima spanned the years from Dr. Kelly has long been identified with investigations in 1939 to 1973, more than 3 decades of discontinuous study. Western Mexico, an area stratigically important to the The body of this report with appendixes, completed in archaeology of the American Southwest, where she has 1975, presents in thorough detail the data recovered dur­ also worked. She has been a Research Associate of the ing those years of work. An argument can be made for Arizona State Museum for many years, and the University in-depth investigation and immersion in regional archae­ of Arizona's interest in publishing this report in the An­ ology, for without it the Capacha complex might not have thropological Papers was both high and logical. been so convincingly recognized and its implications un­ The text stands intact on the valuable findings through derstood. Another fact emerges too. The breakthroughs, 1975 but Dr. Kelly also has acknowledged later references the insights that come from investigation, are usually not in her bibliography and end notes. Earlier discussions of instantaneous. They result from long hours of plodding the Capacha complex (1972 and 1974) clearly establish and tedious work. The Capacha Phase, though based her bibliographic priority. largely on ceramic evidence and dating from about 1870- EMIL W. HAURY [vii] ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My endeavors in the Mexican state of Colima have been de Monumentos Prehispimicos, as well as that of the Sec­ scattered sporadically over three decades. The initial field cion de Arqueologia and of the Bodega de Arqueologia, work, in 1939 and 1940, was supported by the University all of the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia. of California at Berkeley. Study of the resulting material During 1939 and 1940, Mrs. Marian Cummings pro­ indicated that data were not sufficient to establish a con­ vided welcome company and collaboration in the field, as vincing chronology, so the collections were packed and did Prof. Otto Schondube, in 1966. The summer following delivered to the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e His­ the first Colima excavations, Miss Virginia Ross, then a toria for indefinite storage. Then came years with commit­ student in anthropology at Yale University, spent some ments elsewhere, but eventually I returned to Colima. The weeks in Mexico, during which time we tried to classify 1966 and 1967 field seasons were financed by a grant from the welter of tomb sherds. the Rockefeller Foundation; those of 1968 through 1971 Over the years, I have been indebted to a number of and 1973, by grants from the National Geographic Society friends in Colima, including the late Don Rodolfo Baum­ and the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological bach; Dona Maria Ahumada de Gomez, director of the Research. To these institutions I am genuinely grateful. Museo Regional de Colima; Dona Esperanza Padilla Sala­ Field work was authorized by the Instituto Nacional de zar; and Prof. Teofilo Jimenez. In connection with the Antropologia e Historia. During the 1966 season, Dr. Capacha material herein reported, acknowledgment is due Ignacio Bernal, then director of the Museo Nacional de the several Colima property owners who permitted exca­ Antropologia, amiably released Prof. Otto Schondube vation on their land: Don Jorge and Don Jaime Salazar, from his museum obligations for 20 days, so that he might Don Urbano Salazar, Don Manuel Amezcua, Don Fidel accompany me to the field. Moreover, he arranged for Valladares, and Don German Virgen (Fig. 1, site nos. 2, restoration of several key vessels in the Museo laboratory 3, 6, 8, and 10 respectively); Don Luis Salazar gave limited and authorized use of photographs of a number of speci­ permission to test his ejido plot (no.
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