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World Bank Document Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK & INDIGENOUS PEOPLE’S PLANNING FRAMEWORK FOR Public Disclosure Authorized THE KENYA COASTAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This document presents the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for the Kenya Coastal Development Project (KCDP) of the Government of Kenya. KCDP is a 4-year project which is anticipated to start at the end of 2010. The aim of this project is to achieve greater value and improved livelihoods from sustainable management of marine and coastal resources while strengthening conservation and sustainable use of marine and coastal biodiversity. The project will target the following three geographic areas of the coastal and marine environment. (i) offshore resources of the 200 nm EEZ; (ii) inshore resources including coral reefs, fish, mariculture, forests and mangroves and (iii) land- based resources of the coastal districts, particularly use of terrestrial resources that impact on near and offshore marine resources. The project has 4 components • Component 1: Sustainable Management of Fisheries Resources with the objective of increasing revenue earning potential of GoK through sound monitoring, control and surveillance and a transparent process of licensing of foreign vessels. Other goals are to promote research for value addition, market chain analysis, alternatives beyond reef fishing and overall improvement of fisheries governance; • Component 2: Sound Management of Natural Resources which aims to improve the sound management and regeneration of natural resources and biodiversity in the coastal and marine environment as well as provide assistance to communities in the development of eco-tourism ventures; • Component 3: Support for Alternative Livelihoods which aims to promote sustainable livelihoods within a sound governance framework that includes spatial planning and land capability mapping to identify sensitive areas, Integrated Coastal Management (ICM), and compliance with environmental regulations and safeguards. Within this institutional framework, the component aims to support community investments and MSMEs and; • Component 4: Capacity building, Monitoring & Evaluation System, Project Management and Communication which aims to promote capacity in the project coordination and implementation teams, promote dialogue amongst national partners and regional stakeholders and develop a communication strategy for development outreach. Although the project sites for the KCDP are yet to be determined, the potential impacts on the environment and social-cultural aspects of these impacts have been assessed in this Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). Appropriate mitigation measures have been proposed in the different sectors that would reduce the significance of the negative impacts of the project. Important local and international legislation have also been reviewed in ii as well as World Bank Safeguard Policies. Several activities of the KCDP are already mitigatory in nature and have been inbuilt into the project design. The cumulative nature of impacts from MSME’s has also been recognized and an environmental screening process recommended. The recommendations for monitoring and evaluation will be reviewed during the lifetime of the project to improve the implementation of mitigation measures. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................................... vii ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................................ viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................. x DEFINITION OF TERMS ................................................................................................................................. xi 1.0 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project development objectives and components ....................................................................... 2 1.3 Basis for the selection of the components ................................................................................... 3 1.3.1 Component 1: Sustainable management of fisheries resources ....................................................... 3 1.3.2 Component 2: Sound Management of Natural Resources ................................................................ 4 1.3.3 Component 3: Support for alternative livelihoods ............................................................................ 6 1.3.4 Component 4. Capacity Building, Monitoring & Evaluation System, Project Management and Communication .................................................................................................................................................. 8 1.4 Program implementation plan ...................................................................................................... 9 1.5 Analysis of alternatives ................................................................................................................. 9 2.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ..................................................................... 10 2.1 National Legal Instruments ......................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 The Environmental Management Co-ordination Act, 1999 (EMCA) ................................................ 13 2.2 International Legal Instruments .................................................................................................. 14 3.0 WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGURARDS POLICIES ............................................................ 15 3.8 Borrower’s capacity to implement the safeguard policy recommendations ............................. 23 4.0 INSTITUTIONAL AND IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ........................................................... 23 5.0 THE PROJECT AREA ......................................................................................................................... 24 6.0 THE APPROACH OF THE KCDP IMPACTS ASSESSMENT ................................................................... 26 7.0 BASELINE INFORMATION ................................................................................................................ 28 7.1 The Physical Environment ........................................................................................................... 28 iv 7.1.1 Coastal Geology and geomorphology .............................................................................................. 28 7.1.2 Drainage and hydrology .................................................................................................................. 29 7.1.3 Oceanography ................................................................................................................................. 30 7.2 The Biological Environment ........................................................................................................ 31 7.2.1 Mangroves ....................................................................................................................................... 31 7.2.2 Seagrass beds ................................................................................................................................... 31 7.2.3 Coral reefs ........................................................................................................................................ 32 7.2.4 Sandy beaches and sand dunes ....................................................................................................... 32 7.2.5 Coastal forests .................................................................................................................................. 33 7.3 Cultural landmarks of the Kenyan coast ..................................................................................... 33 7.3.1 Indigenous people ............................................................................................................................ 34 7.4 Socio-economic activities along the Kenyan coast ..................................................................... 34 7.4.1 Artisanal Fisheries ............................................................................................................................ 36 7.4.2 Commercial Fisheries ....................................................................................................................... 37 7.4.3 EEZ Fisheries ..................................................................................................................................... 37 8.0 IMPACT EVALUATION OF PROJECT COMPONENTS .......................................................................
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