MALINDI DISTRICT REPORT SHORT RAINS FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT 4th -7th FEBRUARY 2008

DISTRICT MAP

Assessment Team Mary Mwale OOP- Arid Land Resource Manangement Program II Martin Okonji Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development Angela Kaguara Ministry of Health Winnie Opiko World Food Programme Josephine Mwema World Food Programme Malindi Distrist Steering Group Members

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 District Background Information...... 1 1.2 History of Relief Operations...... 1 1.3 Food Security Trends...... 2 1.4 Summary of Recommendations...... 2 2 DISTRICT FOOD SECURITY SITUATION...... 2 2.1 Overall Food Security Situation...... 2 2.2 Impact of the Shocks on Food Security ...... 3 2.2.1 Rainfall...... 3 2.2.2 Crop Production and Prices ...... 4 2.2.3 Livestock Production and Prices...... 5 2.2.4 Water and Sanitation...... 6 2.2.5 Health and Nutrition ...... 7 2.2.6 Education ...... 8 2.2.7 Coping Mechanisms...... 9 2.2.8 Food Security Prognosis ...... 9 2.2.9 Divisional Food Security Ranking...... 9 2.3 Ongoing Interventions ...... 10 2.3.1 Water Sector...... 10 2.4 Health and Nutrition ...... 10 2.5 Education ...... 10 3 RECOMMENDATIONS...... 11 4 ANNEXES:...... 14 4.1 Annex 1: Long Rains seed requirements for 2008...... 14 4.2 Annex 2: Security ...... 14

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security ii Steering Group (KFSSG) 1 1INTRODUCTION

1.1 District Background Information Malindi District is located in the Coast Province of Kenya and covers an area of 7,750.5 km2. The district was curved out of the larger Kilifi district in December 1996. It borders Tana River to the north, Kilifi to the south, Tsavo East National Park in Taita Taveta District to the west and Indian Ocean to the east. Administratively, the district is divided into three divisions namely Malindi, Magarini and Marafa with a total of 16 locations and 56 sub-locations. It has two constituencies namely Malindi and Magarini. According to the 1999 population and housing census, the district recorded a population of 281,552 persons with an annual growth rate of 3.9%. The current population as per the Statistics Department is estimated at 353,793, with an average household size of six.

The climate of Malindi is usually hot and humid all the year round. Mean daily temperature ranges from a minimum of 220C to a maximum of 29.50C. The district experiences a bimodal rainfall pattern with the short rains occurring between October to December and the long rains occurring between April to June. The average rainfall ranges from 400mm in the hinterland to over 1200mm along the coastal belt. The coastal belt receives more rainfall, compared to the hinterland, ranging between 900mm to 1110mm due to the effect of the monsoon winds.

There are six main livelihood zones in the district namely: casual waged labour, fisheries, forest/tourism formal employment/business/trade, livestock farming and mixed farming (see LZ map in the first page). Mixed farming is the main livelihood of the district although more than half of the district area is under ranching. Casual waged labour and fishing are predominantly practised along the coastal strip of Magarini and Marafa Divisions. The district is long rains dependent but only able to meet 20% of its grains, vegetables and pulses requirements. The deficit is met from imports from other neighbouring districts mainly Taita Taveta and upcountry.

1.2 History of Relief Operations

Since September 2004 to February 2007, the district received emergency food aid from the World Food Programme due to the ravages of the three year drought period. The district was phased out of EMOP in February 2007 following a favourable short rains season in October-December 2006. Table 1 below shows the number of beneficiaries during each EMOP phase:

Table 1: EMOP Beneficiaries

Phase Period No. of Modality Locations Beneficiaries I September 2004-February 2005 61,000 GFD Chakama, Jilore and II March 2005- August 2005 51,000 FFW Langobaya locations in III September 2005 – October 2005 29,000 FFW Malindi division, November 2005 – February 2006 41,000 FFW Fundisa in Magarini division and IV March 2006 – August 2006 77,826 GFD Garashi, Bungale and Adu V September 2006 – February 2007 30,787 GFD locations in Marafa divisions. *GFD – General Food Distribution. *FFW – Food for Work.

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 1 Steering Group (KFSSG) 1.3 Food Security Trends

Most of the livelihoods have not been affected except the mixed farming zone and tourism, with 80% of the income sources obtained from casual waged labour, formal waged labour, fishing, and livestock farming. Currently, the general food security situation can be described as stable but deteriorating.

1.4 Summary of Recommendations

This assessment recommends the following:

ƒ Capacity building for Livestock disease surveillance service providers at a cost of Ksh. 510,000 ƒ Vaccination of livestock against diseases ƒ Installation of ice plants to increase fish landing at Ksh. 7 million ƒ Provision of drought recovery seeds ƒ Increased acreage under crop production ƒ Introduction of the School Feeding Programme in the district ƒ Rehabilitation of existing water pans/dams ƒ Promotion of water harvesting techniques ƒ Water tracking to acute water shortage areas ƒ Provision of water treatment chemicals to Adu location, Malindi ƒ Promotion of latrines of human waste disposal ƒ Intensified police patrols and community policing ƒ Registration and staffing of health facilities in Chakama location ƒ Promotion of animal traction ƒ Education on negative aspects of cultural practises 2 DISTRICT FOOD SECURITY SITUATION

2.1 Overall Food Security Situation

Overall, the total rainfall received during the short rains seasons was approximately 20-40% of the normal with the exception of the coastal belt of Magarini where 80-120% of the normal was realized. Consequently, the district experienced a 90% failure for all crops except cassava. This comes immediately after the district experienced a 60% crop loss during the previous long rains season. The rains were however adequate for forage regeneration and resulted in minimal recharge of water structures.

Currently, livestock body conditions are good with adequate forage that will see them through the coming season. Livestock sales are however minimal for majority of the households owing to small holdings despite favourable prices; proceeds from these sales cater for immediate financial obligations. The district has also experienced an influx of pastoralists from neighbouring Tana River district bringing their livestock to graze the pastures in the district.

Traditionally farmers in the mixed farming zones practice subsistence farming and most do not use certified seed and or fertilizers. Consequently, the district only produces up to 40% of its food requirements, and depends on imports from Taita Taveta, North Rift and Tanzania to meet the deficit particularly cereals. Currently, food flow from outside the district is limited resulting in increased maize grain and maize meal prices. The worst affected is the hinterland where supply of maize meal has been totally curtailed.

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 2 Steering Group (KFSSG) Water sources have begun to diminish, with distances to water sources gradually increasing. The worst affected are lower parts of Marafa Division where water distances have increased from an average of 4-6 Km to 10—12 Km.

Factors affecting food security include:

ƒ Poor/unreliable rainfall during the short rains season. ƒ Poor agronomic practices and low adoption of improved agricultural technology resulting in low yields. ƒ No NCPB reserves. The nearest NCPB depot is in Kilifi, which has not stocks. ƒ Low area under cultivation. ƒ Low adoption of diversified Drought Tolerant Crops. ƒ Low livestock stocking rates. ƒ Poor attitude towards agriculture and livestock farming. ƒ Poor attitude towards some traditional food crops. ƒ Reliance on maize as the staple food. ƒ Diverse livelihood sources ƒ Low fish landing ƒ Over dependence on rain fed agriculture. ƒ High poverty levels. ƒ Low education levels and transitory rates ƒ Long trekking distances to schools ƒ Stoppage of School Feeding Programme activities ƒ Cultural barriers especially social expectations of different gender groups

2.2 Impact of the Shocks on Food Security

2.2.1 Rainfall

The district has a bimodal rainfall pattern with the long rains falling between April and July and the short rains falling between October and Figure 1 CURRENT RAINFALL IN MM VS REFERENCE YEAR,06 FOR MALINDI DISTRICT AS AT DECEMBER 2007 December. The 2007 short rains started on time 500 in mid October and ended in mid December. 400 The rains were erratic, below normal, poorly RAINFALL IN MM distributed, unreliable and therefore were 300 inadequate for crop production but sufficient 200 for regeneration of pasture and browse. Coastal 100 belt had better rainfall compared to the 0 JAN FEB MARAPR MAYJUN JULAUGSEPOCT NOVDEC hinterland (Chakama, Adu and Bungale locations) The total rainfall received during REF YR 2006 7.3 13.5 111 112 179 115 74.7 115 259 134 82.7 2007 4 80.3 254 434 55.4 90.1 84 7.1 5.2 33.2 2007 short rains was 45.5 mm compared to MONTHS 475.7mm in 2006 short rains(See Figure 1).Most areas experienced massive rain crop failures (up to 90%) during 2007 short rains. Surface water structures were recharged but are already drying up. It should be noted that the long rains season, though above normal, resulted in water logging, late replanting and subsequently poor yields.

Decline in Tourism Industry

Post election unrest elsewhere in the country adversely affected Malindi District indirectly through low business, disruption of markets and increased prices of basic commodities. The district’s economy has started slowing down as tourism industry continues to record negative growth. In December 2007 the industry had recorded over 100% confirmed tourist turnout, which

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 3 Steering Group (KFSSG) drastically reduced to only 10% owing to negative travel advisories that had been issued to tourists. Seven hotels have closed down due to lack of business and some workers laid off compromising income sources. Food accessibility has reduced and may deteriorate further if the post election crisis is prolonged because a significant number of households depend on off-farm income and market supply.

Security

Malindi District depends on tourism as a main economic activity. Though the post election unrest did not affect the district directly, the indirect effect has led to general reduction in tourism resulting in slight increase in crime. There is however collaboration between local politicians and the provincial administration to maintain peace to the area. Police patrols have been intensified in the district to ensure adequate security.

2.2.2 Crop Production and Prices

Though the district is mainly long rains dependant, farmers attempt crop production during the short rains season. Traditionally farmers in the mixed farming zones practice subsistence farming. Along the coastal belt mangoes, pineapples, cashew nuts and coconuts are produced as cash crops. Production of local vegetable, tomatoes, brinjals, and okra are also practiced along River Sabaki/Galana under irrigation.Overall, the total rainfall received was below normal approximately 20-50% of the normal all over except in some isolated areas of Magarini where they realized 80-120% of the normal.

Most areas experienced mass crop failures (90%) except for cassava during 2007 short rains. Currently, there are no maize reserves in stores and markets. The long rains were above normal, but resulted in flooding/water logging and repeated planting in affected areas causing up to 60% loss in crop yields. There has also been an uncharacteristic rodent infestation in farms worsening the food production situation.

In a normal year, the district produces only 40% of its maize requirements. Consequently they depend on imports from Taita Taveta, N/Rift and Tanzania to meet the deficit particularly cereals and legumes. Currently, food flow from outside the district is limited due to market disruptions brought about by the post election violence in parts of the country. This has resulted in increased maize grain and maize meal prices: price of maize meal is currently between Ksh 60-85 from a normal of KShs 55 while that of maize Figure 2 CURRENT AVERAGE MAIZE PRICES IN KES VS LONG TERM (05-06) AT grain is Ksh 25 up from a normal of HOUSEHOLD LEVEL FOR MALINDI DISTRICT Ksh 13-15. The worst affected is the DECEMBER 2007 hinterland where supply of maize meal 25 has been totally curtailed for the past

20 one month. Figure 2 shows the trend PRICE IN KES in maize prices over the past year 15 compared to the long term average.

10 During the month of December, there was a significant drop in the average 5 price of maize in the market attributed

0 to increased supply of maize from up- JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC country. There has been a 24.16% increase in maize prices during the 2005-200616.9 18 18 18.1 17.5 17.7 18.7 17.9 15.7 15.5 16.6 16.2 2007 15.9 15.2 14.8 14.2 14.5 14.9 15.5 16.2 16.3 20 20.2 13.6 month of January compared to the MONTHS previous month.

The price increase could be attributed to amplified demand occasioned by poor short rains

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 4 Steering Group (KFSSG) harvests and the post election violence which disrupted the supply routes from maize producing areas to coastal towns. The trend is expected to continue in the coming months as more people rely on market supplies for food until the next harvest in August 2008. The observed trend in maize prices is not normal during this time of the year.

Factors affecting agricultural Production

The main factors affecting food production are poor attitude towards agriculture and poor farming practices. There is low adoption of agricultural technology and farmers use hand tools for land preparation. This delays planting and area achieved is usually small. Out of seven tractors donated by UNDP to assist in land preparation only three are functional, placed under the management of ADC Kiswani farm. Delayed planting was noted in Malanga as farmers waited their turn to utilize the tractors.

Due to high poverty levels most farmers do not use improved seeds and cannot afford farm inputs and implements. There is overdependence on rain fed agriculture although there is high irrigation potential along River Sabaki. Figures 3 and 4 below depict area cultivated per division and district wide from year 2000-2007.

Figure 3 Figure 4

Progressive Area under Crop Production by Division: District Production Statistics:2000-2007 2000-2007 60000 12500

50000 10000 40000 7500 30000

Hectarage 5000 20000 10000 2500 Hectarage on Production

0 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year Years Malindi Magarini Marafa Hacterage Production

2.2.3 Livestock Production and Prices

Rainfall was adequate for regeneration of annual/perennial pasture and browse material adequate to support livestock through the next rain season. Water is available within a normal radius of five (5) km. Currently, the district is under stocked with both small and large livestock. (cattle, sheep, goats - Indigenous poultry is kept by 90% of the rural households, with commercial poultry production confined within Malindi division). On average, each household has 10 goats, 1-2 cows in the hinterlands. These are reared traditionally and hardly marketed, unless under adverse household financial demands such as sickness.

However, there is an influx of livestock from Tana River, Ijara and Garissa District in search of dry season grazing and watering in Adu, Chakama and Langobaya locations. The movement is illegal as animals are not mouthed for possible stock diseases. Despite the influx of cattle from other districts, no new stock diseases have been reported. Grazing disputes are emerging along the local rivers as a result of this influx of animals that transit to Mariakani, Mombasa livestock markets and Taita ranches.

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 5 Steering Group (KFSSG) Livestock husbandry practices are poor resulting in endemic livestock diseases such as trypanosomiasis, worms and tick borne diseases. Livestock deaths reported during the assessment period were within the normal annual range of 1-1.5% of the district herd of 114, 124 herd of cattle. The shoats experienced 1.6-1.8% death rate out of the district herd of 136,212.

The kidding and calving rate mean Figure 5 AVERAGE CATTLE PRICES VS LONG TERM (02- 06) AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL FOR MALINDI DISTRICT have remained 21% and 18% 1500 respectively compared to the 1200 corresponding period in 2007, 900 resulting in insignificant change in 600 milk yield. On average, local milk 300 production under the traditional

PRICE IN KSH 0 system is low with a mean of 1-2

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec litres of milk per day in the hinterlands. Subsequently there is Average 1060 1040 1020 920 920 840 880 900 960 1020 1060 1140 2007 1200 900 800 900 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1200 1200 1200 low milk consumption at household 2008 850 level in most areas except along the MONTHS coastal strip where the mean milk

production from commercial farms is 7 litres of milk per day; Commercial farms only benefit the urban population.Normally, cattle prices range from Ksh 10,000-15,000 and small stock from Ksh1,000-1,500 as shown in figures 5 and 6. AVERAGE GOAT PRICES VS LONG TERM (02- 06) AT Figure 6 HOUSEHOLD LEVEL FOR MALINDI DISTRICT Fish consumption is a major source of protein in Malindi Division. There 1500 is a lot of dependency on dagaa 1000 (omena-small fish) in Marafa and PRICE IN KSH Magarini Division which is imported 500 from Nyanza and currently not available due to market disruption. 0 There is perception that if fish Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec landing from the ocean is done Average 1060 1040 1020 920 920 840 880 900 960 1020 1060 1140 beyond the local market demand, 2007 1200 900 800 900 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1200 1200 1200 lots of it will go to waste due to the 2008 850 low purchasing power of the locals, especially in Marafa and Magarini MONTHS Divisions.

2.2.4 Water and Sanitation

River Galana/Sabaki, dams/pans, shallow wells and swamps are the major sources of water for both livestock and domestic use. The district has a total of 22 boreholes, 25 dams/pans and 5 shallow wells.

The long rains were above normal and water collected in pans/dams during the season. However, the short rains were below normal and the surface water sources have started to diminish. On average the distance to water sources is 4km for both livestock and domestic use. However, it’s noted that in Bungale and Adu (Marafa Division) the average walking distance to water sources, both for livestock and domestic use was 8km because the water pans are drying up. In Magarini Division, the trekking distance ranges between 3 to 6km. Malindi Division is adequately supplied with water especially the regions covered by the Baricho water supply. Household have access to

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 6 Steering Group (KFSSG) Community piped water at a subsidized cost (ksh 2 per 20 litres). The current open water sources are expected to last up to the third week of February 2008. The quality and safety of water obtained from pans/dams and shallow wells are poor and households are being advised to boil the water. The local community is using wood ash to sediment the muddy water. The photo above illustrates the quantity and quality of water used by the community as found in Kamale (Adu location). Baricho water works supplies treated and safe drinking water to Malindi town and its environs from River Sabaki.

Nyamale sinane earth dam – Kamale(Malindi district)

In, Marafa (Adu Location) and Malindi (Chakama Location) Divisions, there are reported conflicts between the local community Giriama and the Orma community from Tana River District in search for water and pasture. Due to the high livestock influx into the area, the already drying water sources will diminish faster. The conflicts are being settled by the local area administration.

Sanitation Human waste disposal is a challenge in the rural areas as most households have no latrines. Most people in the rural areas use the nearest bushes to dispose off human waste, posing a health hazard particularly during the rainy season when human wastes are swept to the open water sources.

Most soak pits are situated less than 100ft from wells especially in Malindi, Watamu and Ngomeni Divisions. Infiltration of sewerage therefore contaminates underground water and most samples procured show presence of E. coli.

2.2.5 Health and Nutrition

Figure 7 CURRENT VS AVERAGE % RATE FOR MUAC <135 mm (ref yr: 2006) MALINDI DISTRICT FOR DECEMBER 2007 A general improvement was noted in 30 the nutritional status of the population

25 except for areas such as Kakuyuni, Makongeni and Kamale. The 20 malnutrition rates among infants fall MUAC <135 mm AS A % below 5% all over the district (MUAC 15 at risk). CHANIS (MoH), data from 10 the health facilities show 8% underweight children compared to 5 33% in 2006(see figure 7); Magarini

0 was worst affected.. Vitamin A JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC supplementation coverage in district Reference Year 2006 21.1 22.4 14.1 8.6 16.9 10.4 8.7 3.7 3.7 4.5 3.5 3.7 has increased to 91% in 2007 from 2007 21 565.8 5.7 3.9 3 3.5 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.3 88% in 2006. Introduction of MONTHS Source: ALRMP complimentary foods for infants has improved from three to four months to five months; and breastfeeding continues up to two years. On average, 2-3 food groups are

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 7 Steering Group (KFSSG) consumed in Marafa and Magarini Divisions while at least three food groups are consumed in Malindi Division. The main food groups include carbohydrates and vegetables while in Malindi Division, the third food group is animal protein (fish). Poor harvests and poor feeding habits particularly in Magarini and Marafa are the main factors affecting attainment of food security.

Immunization coverage has increased gradually from 60% in 2004 to 88% by July 2007. The district average for 2007 stood at 80%. Data by division could not be obtained due to the retirement of the District Nutrition Officer who would otherwise have assisted with the report.

The most prevalent diseases for children under 5 years include malaria, diarrhoea, skin diseases and Upper Respiratory Tract Infections; whilst malaria, diarrhoea and Upper Respiratory Tract Infections are common among the larger population. These diseases affect utilisation of nutrients.

HIV prevalence in 2007 was 5.8% but has not adversely affected the food security situation in most livelihoods. Generally, there is improved access to health facilities and drugs except for Chakama where two health facilities constructed through the CDF are not operational due to lack of registration and staff.

2.2.6 Education The district has a total of 117 public primary schools and 30 private primary schools. There are 34 secondary schools in the district; 19 of which are public, and the remaining 15 private. The total enrolment is 3078 and 1551 in public and private schools respectively. The enrolment for all primary schools is as table 2 below:

Table 2: Primary School Enrolment by Division for Malindi District- 2007 Term I Term II Term III Division Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

Magarini 11,080 9,634 20,714 11,419 9,830 21,249 11,298 9,827 21,125

Malindi 22,305 20,002 42,307 23,946 21,059 45,005 23,984 21,395 45,379

Marafa 7,894 7,132 15,026 8,324 7,430 15,754 8,498 7,678 16,176

Total 41,279 36,768 78,047 43,689 38,319 82,008 43,780 38,900 82,680

The district has not had any feeding programme before, except for its inclusion for the first time under the Emergency Operations that begun in September 2004.. The district was introduced into the school feeding programme in May 2006 until November, 2007.

Enrolment remained constant during the school feeding programme, slightly dropping in term III when the Expanded School Feeding Programme was stopped. This subsequently affected attendance rates where an equal decline was noted. There is likely to be a further drop as the food security situation deteriorates. Tables 2 (a) & (b) below show the resultant changes for both enrolment and attendance for the 54 schools that were under the feeding programme.

Table 2 (a): Enrolment for the 54 schools previously under ESFP per division-2007 Term I Term II Term III Division Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Magarini 2793 2487 5280 2891 2609 5500 2873 2551 5424 Malindi 6331 5707 12038 6970 6226 13196 5873 5248 11121 Marafa 10040 9114 19154 10050 9044 19094 9143 8384 17527 Total 19164 17308 36472 19911 17879 37790 17889 16183 34072

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 8 Steering Group (KFSSG)

Table 2 (b): Attendance for the 54 schools previously under ESFP per division-2007

Term I Term II Term III Division Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Magarini 2543 2332 4875 2665 2409 5074 2593 2388 4981 Malindi 5547 5301 10848 6379 5331 11710 5413 4783 10196 Marafa 9126 8379 17505 7644 7101 14745 7756 7268 15024 Total 17216 16012 33228 16688 14841 31529 15762 14439 30201

Some of the problems faced by schools include water unavailability, which adversely affects performance as pupils spend a lot of time trekking long distances in search of water. An estimated 10 hours per week of valuable school time is lost as a result.

Transition rates from primary to secondary schools are very low, with a district average of 23% reported in 2007. This is attributed to early marriages for the girl child and low literacy levels in the district: males at 76.9% and females 35%.

2.2.7 Coping Mechanisms practiced include charcoal burning, reduction in number of meals, construction works, casual labour, fishing, petty trade such as palm (makuti) ropes making, cutting and selling of poles and bush clearing.

2.2.8 Food Security Prognosis Currently, there are depleted food stocks in the district, a situation brought about by the poor harvests realised in the district, and further affect by the current political situation in the country. It is anticipated that if there are no changes, the district is likely to face an acute food crisis. The situation is however expected to improve only after the long rains harvest. (August/September 2008).

2.2.9 Divisional Food Security Ranking

Food Security Rank by Divisions Division Food Security Main food Security Threat name Rank Magarini 3 ƒ Erratic and poorly distributed short rains in Marereni and Fundisa sub locations. Malindi 2 ƒ Erratic and poorly distributed short rains in Jilore and Langobaya locations. ƒ Rainfall failure continues for 2nd season in Bofu area of Chakama location Mixed 1 ƒ Erratic and poorly distributed short rains in Adu and Marafa locations. farming - ƒ Rainfall failure continues for 2nd season in Adu location Marafa NB. The higher the rank the worse the food security situation

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 9 Steering Group (KFSSG) 2.3 Ongoing Interventions

2.3.1 Water Sector

BOREHOLE DIVISION Lead ACTION Beneficiaries COST (KSH) Katsungwini earth Marafa ALRMP De-silting 800 1,930,000 dam Mogole earth dam Marafa ALRMP Excavation 1,500 2,450,000 Piped water Mayungu Ministry of Extension of pipeline 2,500 8,000,000 water and irrigation Muyu wa Kae Magarini ALRMP Developing and 450,000 Shallow well lining Kadzifitsen earth dam ALRMP Survey and design of 1,277,000 rehabilitation of embankment

2.4 Health and Nutrition

ƒ There are five comprehensive care centres (CCC’s) have been established of which Malindi District Hospital, Gede health Centre and AIC Malanga Health Centre are in Malindi division; Gongoni Health Centre in Magarini division and Marafa Health Centre in Marafa division. ƒ A total of 1767 clients have been started on anti retroviral treatment while a total of 4616 clients are on home based care supported by the Ministry of Health, APHIA II, Kenya Red Cross Society- Malindi and Tawfiq Hospital. ƒ A total of 1783 clients have been enrolled on food by prescription programme supplied by Insta Products and coordinated by NASCOP. ƒ Insecticide treated nets were also issued to 2739 under 5’s and 507 antenatal mothers at a cost of sh 50 each. ƒ There has been rigorous advocacy on nutrition especially to young mothers by Ministry of Health and the Catholic Diocese –Malindi. ƒ The bi-annual Child Health and Nutrition Week (Malezi Bora) has led to increased vitamin A and immunization coverage in 2007.

2.5 Education

ƒ CDF is helping in the construction of classrooms. Other support has been obtained from ministerial grants, non –governmental organizations and LATIF

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 10 Steering Group (KFSSG) 3 RECOMMENDATIONS Livelihood zone Sector Interventions Justification Total budget Source of funds

Immediate Long term Mixed farming -Marereni, Water and Excavation of 3 water To reduce walking distances to water 7,200,000 GOK, Nairobi Kanagoni sanitation pans/dams sources Mixed/ livestock farming Introduction of pit Poor human waste disposal External -Nairobi latrine Mixed/ livestock Rehabilitation of Siltation of water pans/dams ALRMP-Malindi existing water sources Mixed farming- Marafa Water tankering Drying up of the water sources 368,000 ALRMP-Malindi Livestock farming/ Mixed Livestock/ Training of service Management and cattle disease 510,000 ALRMP-Malindi farming Fisheries providers surveillance Fisheries Ice plant construction Increase fish landing 7,000,000 Nairobi Livestock Farming Diversification of To utilise the available potential ALRMP-Malindi livestock enterprises Fisheries Advocacy for fishing To increase fish landing 250,000 ALRMP-Malindi Mixed farming Zone Agriculture sector Purchase of Promote use of certified seeds, timely 4,000,000 10% from ALRMP drought recovery planting and assist farmers unable to II, seeds purchase seeds. Nairobi Fuel for Facilitate distribution of relief seeds 30,000 Nairobi distribution Officers 28,000 Nairobi Allowances Mixed farming Zone Training of youth Acquire skills on animal traction 1,358,750 on Animal traction equipment and purchase of animal traction implements Exposure Tour to Appreciation of animal traction and 1,666,000 MoA, Nairobi Mixed farming Zone and Machakos and farming techniques Agro-pastoral Kitui districts Mixed farming Zone Promotion of Increased area under crop production 63,000

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG) 11 animal traction and improved farming methods Mixed farming Zone Purchase of Disc 4 Increased area under crop production 1,800,000 Nairobi. (District has ploughs for four (Based at ADC Kiswani farm) Each @ 450,000 no capacity to tractors donated by implement). UNDP to MoA for farmers. Irrigated agriculture zone Promotion of (Along river sabaki) irrigation All Livelihoods Promotion of Increased production and utilization of production and traditional foods utilization and traditional foods. All livehoods Health and Registration and Health facilities closed Ministry of Health- nutrition staffing of newly Nairobi constructed health facilities All livehoods Health and Increase staff in the • Most health facilities in the hinterland Ministry of Health- nutrition already existing have only one health worker. Nairobi health facilities • The district has only one nutritionist at the district hospital. All livelihoods Education Introduction of the • To promote education and improve Nairobi Regular School enrolment/attendance in schools Feeding Programme

Provision of water to • Increased access to water facilities to schools schools • Improved education facilities and Nairobi/Ministry of Equipped, staffed increased staff rotation to all schools Education classrooms and schools • Improved and adequate coverage of LATF/District sanitation facilities in schools Latrine construction • Increased access to sanitation facilities in schools All livelihoods Provincial Intensification of Increase in crime 3,700,000 administration security patrols

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG) 12

The DSG and the assessment team agreed on the findings and recommendations indicated.

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG) 13

4 ANNEXES:

4.1 Annex 1: Long Rains seed requirements for 2008 Division Location Maize Sorghum Cowpeas Total Bales Price Total Bales Price Total Bales Price Total Cost of Kshs Kshs Kshs Kshs Kshs Kshs Seed Magarini Magarini 125 2880 360000 17 1680 28560 20.8 1860 38688 Gongoni 125 2880 360000 13 1680 21840 41.7 1860 77562 Fundisa 125 2880 360000 13 1680 21840 41.7 1860 77562 SUB-Total 375 1080000 43 72240 104.2 193812 Malindi Malindi 125 2880 360000 4.2 1680 7056 20.8 1860 38688 Ganda 83.3 2880 239904 8.3 1680 13944 20.8 1860 38688 Watamu 83.3 2880 239904 8.3 1680 13944 12 1860 22320 Goshi 125 2880 360000 8.3 1680 13944 20.8 1860 38688 Gede 83.3 2880 239904 8.3 1680 13944 20.8 1860 38688 Jilore 83.3 2880 239904 8.3 1680 13944 41.7 1860 77562 L/baya 83.3 2880 239904 8.3 1680 13944 41.7 1860 77562 Chakama 83.3 2880 239904 8.3 1680 13944 41.7 1860 77562 SUB-Total 749.8 2159424 62.3 104664 220.3 409758 Marafa Marafa 125 2880 360000 13 1680 21840 0 Garashi 83.3 2880 239904 13 1680 21840 0 Dagamra 125 2880 360000 13 1680 21840 0 Adu 0 2880 0 13 1680 21840 0 Bungale 0 2880 0 13 1680 21840 0 SUB-Total 333.3 959904 65 109200 0 GRAND TOTAL 1458 4199328 170.3 286104 324.5 603570 5089002

4.2 Annex 2: Security Intervention Requirements Total (KSH) Beats and patrols Diesel 600,000 Allowances 200,000 Repair and maintenance of 400,000 vehicles Community policing Community mobilization 400,000 Capacity building and 1,300,000 training Rewards to members who 250,000 assist in arresting of wanted criminals Arresting and charging of Allowances 50,000 criminals Disarming organized Intensifying intelligence 100,000 groups and gangs Diesel 400,000 Total 3,700,000

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the National Assessment teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security 14 Steering Group (KFSSG)