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Har USA Inte Lyckats Kuva Om USA:S Blockad KUBA har USA inte lyckats kuva Om USA:s blockad Louise Österlin Svensk-Kubanska Föreningen 2014 digital upplaga, uppdaterad i januari 2015 REPUBLIKEN KUBA Landyta: 111.000 km² (1/4 av Sveriges yta) Befolkning: 11,2 miljoner (2012) Huvudstad: Havanna, 2,2 miljoner (2012) Folktäthet: ca 100 inv/ km² Språk: Spanska Spädbarnsdödlighet: 4,3 promille (2012) Medellivslängd: 78 år (2012) Statsskick: Socialistisk republik Endast 15 mil mellan USA och Kuba Högsta beslutande organ: Nationalförsamlingen, Kubas parlament Administrativ indelning: 15 provinser och 168 kommuner I N N E H Å L L Inledning 5 1 USA:s blockadlagar 7 * Omfattande lagstiftning * “Handelsembargo” – USA:s felaktiga benämning på blockaden * ”Handla med fienden” * Reseförbudet * Macktillägget * Torricellilagen 1992 * Helms-Burtonlagen, slaverilagen. 1996 * Bushplanen 2004 och 2006 * Straff för brott mot blockadlagarna * Obama: Utpressning mot banker hårdnar 2 Kuba som lydstat till USA 19 * Brittisk ockupation 1762–63 * USA-bolag investerar på Kuba * USA tar Kuba som krigsbyte 1898 * 1902–1958: USA har makten 3 USA vill utplåna Kubas exempel 22 * Farliga idéer * Det socialistiska exemplet * Exemplet måste smutskastas * Vad ett barn i USA inte får veta * Hälsovård – USA jämfört med Kuba 4 Guantánamobasen 25 * USA:s militärbas på Kuba * En mer än hundraårig historia * 118 kvadratkilometer ockuperade av USA * Kuba kräver att USA ska lämna basen * Ett brohuvud för USA:s aggression * Koncentrationsläger för flyktingar ... * ... och för krigsfångar * Stor säkerhetsrisk för Kuba * Internationellt fördömande 5 Spionage och terror ingår i blockadpolitiken 29 * Terrorism och blockad för att krossa Kuba * CIA:s spionage * Bakteriologisk krigföring * Kuba utan Sovjet – ett lätt byte? * Fraile – “spion” rekryterad av USA 6 Psykologiskt krig för att splittra och hota Kuba 35 * Propagandavapen mot Kuba * Radio Swan * Nixon och Kennedy tävlar om att störta Castro * Radio Swans skrämselpropaganda - Peter Pan * Grisbukten – invasionsförsök med propa gandastöd * Radio Américas och Operation Mongoose * Hotfulla militära övningar * “Missilkrisen” i oktober 1962 * Radio och TV Martí * ZunZuneo 7 Desinformation, demonisering, isolering 42 * Desinformation för att rättfärdiga blockaden * Angrepp på Kubas demokrati * Angrepp på Fidel Castros person * Mänskliga rättigheter * FN:s Kommission för Mänskliga Rättigheter * FN:s Råd för Mänskliga Rättigheter * Hårresande propagandalögner * Isolering och diplomatisk blockad 8 USA-betald “opposition” 52 * Bilolyckan med Osvaldo Payá * Samarbete med fientligt sinnad främmande makt * “Oberoende” journalister * Andra exempel från “dissidentbranschen” 9 Bushplanen – förebådar krig mot Kuba 57 * Colin Powells rapport, maj 2004 * Condoleezza Rices rapport, juli 2006 * Caleb Mc Carry, ”övergångssamordnare” * Ricerapportens gömda dagordning 10 Omvärlden och blockaden 65 * Förenta Nationerna * Latinamerika och Karibien * Europa och Europeiska Unionen * Sverige 11 Obama och blockaden 72 * Förändring? * Lättnader för USA-kubaner * USA-kubaners Kubakontakter blomstrar * Nya regler för studie- resor m.m. 2011 * Kuba är fortfarande ”fienden” * Blockaden har förstärkts under Obama * Den kulturella/ idrottsliga blockaden består * Den vetenskapliga blockaden består * Blockadens inverkan på Kubas hälsovård består * Sam arbete skulle gynna både USA och Kuba * Blockadens extraterritoriella verkan har skärpts * New York Times hösten 2014 * 17 dec 2014 – En vändpunkt i USA:s kubapolitik? * Varför vill USA upphöra med sitt ”handelsembargo”? * Har De Fem fått rättvisa? * Mycket återstår innan blockaden är hävd Slutord – Kubas försvar mot blockaden 78 Kronologi, sid 81 Litteratur, sid 86 Hemsidor, sid 89 Förkortningar, sid 90 Bilaga: Intervju med Ramón Sánchez-Parodi Montoto, Granma International, 2 januari 2014 91 Nästan 80 procent av Kubas befolkning har levt hela sitt liv under USA:s blockad. Inledning Joan Slote 74 år, från San Diego, USA, tar cykel­­ semester i Kuba. Hon får böta 8 000 dollar men kan inte betala. Böterna dras från hennes socialförsäkring. (2003) Tre metodister från Milwaukee (norr om Chica- go) får böta 25 000 dollar för att de be sökt en me- todistkyrka i Havanna utan att först ansöka om till- stånd hos USA:s myn dig heter. (2004) En trettonårig kubansk pojke vinner pris i en inter­­nationell teckningstävling. Men under priscere- monin får han inte ta emot den Nikonkamera som delades ut till alla vinnarna i tävlingen, eftersom kame­­ran har en liten del tillverkad i USA. (Juni 2006) Sexton kubanska affärsmän utvisas från Hotel Sheraton i Mexico City. (Mars 2006) USA tvingar arrangörerna för toppmötet CARI- COM–CUBA i Port of Spain, huvudstaden i Trini- dad och Tobago, att ändra plats för mötet som var Raysel Sosa Rojas från Kuba kom till Algeriet i juni planerat att hållas på Hotel Hilton. Mötet uppmana- 2006 inför ceremonin i FN:s internationella teck- de USA att lyfta blockaden mot Kuba och protestera- ningstävling för barn, där han vunnit ett pris. Där de mot den extraterritoriella verkan som blockadla- delades gåvor ut till alla vinnare, bl.a. kameror från garna har. (December 2011) Nikon, som sponsrade tävlingen. Men Raysel fick inte Företaget Great Western Mal ting Co i Van­­cou- ta emot någon kamera från Nikon, eftersom den hade ver, staten Washington, får ett bötes belopp på över 1 en liten del som var tillverkad i USA. miljon dollar för att mellan 2006 och 2008 ha för- med lat försäljning av malt till Kubas bryggerinäring. (juli 2012) successivt skärpts. Blocka­­­den syftar till att bringa Cuba Solidarity Campaign (CSC) i Storbritan- Kuba på fall, omintetgöra alla land vinningar sedan nien beslutar att köpa in 100 exemp lar av Salim 1959 och återställa den ordning som rådde på Kuba Lamranis nya bok om blockaden mot Kuba – The dessförinnan, då USA:s inflyt ande dominerade ön. Economic War against Cuba. Men banktransaktio- Blockaden är utformad för att orsaka Kubas folk nen mellan CSC och förlaget kan inte genomföras, största möj liga lid ande. USA:s ut tal ade avsikt är att eftersom USA lägger beslag på köpesumman och den ska leda till svält, umbäran den och uppror så att kräver att CSC ska redogöra för sitt förhåll ande till regeringen störtas. Kuba. CSC:s ordförande Rob Miller säger: ”Här an- Blockadens ekonomiska strypgrepp samverkar vänds blockaden extraterritoriellt för att stoppa för- med andra fientligheter och aggressioner som USA säljningen av en bok som beskriver blockadens ut- under årens lopp har riktat och riktar mot Kuba; bredda verkan.” (april 2013) mili tära hot, terrorbombningar, in vasions försök Hur kan sådana absurda situationer upp stå? Sva- (Grisbukten 1961), spionage, kränk­­ningar av vatten- ret ligger i USA:s lagstiftning som inne bär total eko- och luftområde, in­­trång på radio- och TV vågläng- nomisk, politisk och kultu r ell block ad mot Kuba. der, förtals kam panjer, mordförsök mot kubanska Blockaden trädde i kraft redan kort tid efter den leda re. Till och med bakteriologisk krig föring har kuban ska revolutionens seger 1959 och har sedan använts. KUBA har USA inte lyckats kuva 5 Blockadens kostnader för Kuba I sin rapport till FN i april 2013 angav Kuba att blockadens sammanlagda kostnad räknat i dag- ens penningvärde sedan början av 1960-talet är 1 157 miljarder (1 157 327 000 000) US dollar. Men Kuba krigar inte mot USA. Kuba förbju- nellt embargo” mot Kuba. Säkerhetsrådet har utfär- der inte kontakter med idrottsmän, artister, präster dat sanktioner av den typen mot olika länder, men eller forsk are i USA, understödjer inte terror ism rik- aldrig mot Kuba. Istället har FN:s generalförsam- tad mot USA, använder inte spionage för att ska- ling varje år sedan 1992, 22 år i rad, fördömt blocka- da USA, ägn ar sig inte åt förtalskampanjer riktade den. I omröstningarna om Kubas årliga resolutions- mot USA, försöker inte få USA:s befolkning att gö- förslag är det i princip två länder (USA och Israel) ra uppror mot regeringen i Washington och försöker som står mot resten av världssamfundet. I FN:s fo- inte mörda USA:s president. Kriget är ensidigt riktat rum höjs många röster mot blockaden, som bland an- från USA mot Kuba. Det har drabbat Kuba hårt, och nat betecknas som: flera tusen kubaner har mist livet eller fått skador för olaglig, grym, omänsklig, brutal livet. De ekonomiska skadorna på Kubas samhälle är skoningslös, ödeläggande, enorma. moraliskt oacceptabel, De fem åren av Obamas administration har inte ett brott mot internationell rätt, inne burit någon lättnad, tvärtom har den ekonom iska en anakronistisk rest från kalla kriget. snaran dragits åt ännu hård are. Kuba har kunnat och kan försvara sig. En känd USA:s kubapolitik går inte heller fri från intern oppo- chilensk slogan lyder: Un pueblo unido jamas sera sition, där modiga enskilda politiker, organisationer vencido – Ett enat folk kan aldrig besegras. Kubas och institutioner, i tidnings artiklar, i brev till presi- folk har enat sig ideolog iskt och politiskt mot an- dent Obama och genom lagförslag protesterar mot griparen. De har utvecklat sin demokrati och sitt blockaden. Bland de mest kända kritikerna är f.d. samhälle, kämpat för utbild ning, sjukvård och för- president Jimmy Carter. sörjning för alla. Kuba har också utvecklat sina I denna bok redogörs för hur USA försöker kväsa det internatio nella kontakter och har diplo matiska och revolu tionära Kuba och få till stånd en regim under- konsulära förbindelser med praktiskt taget alla län- ordnad västvärldens intressen. Kuba har ända sedan der i världen. Handels- och affärskontakter är i stän- 1959 lyckats för svara sin självständighet mot dessa dig utveckling, trots de hinder blockaden lägger i vä- planer. Kuba har USA inte lyckats kuva! gen. Första paragrafen i en av USA:s viktigaste block- Göteborg i februari 2014 adlagar, Helms-Burtonlagen, handlar om att få FN:s Louise Österlin säkerhetsråd att besluta om “obligatoriskt internatio- Digital upplaga Kring årsskiftet 2014–2015 publicerar Svensk-Kuban- efter mer än 16 år, och opinionen i USA växer för att ska Föreningen denna digitala upplaga av Kuba har häva blockaden. En majoritet i den yngre generation- USA inte lyckats kuva. Boken har uppdaterats med en USA-kubaner vill att USA ska göra helt om i sin det som hänt under 2014, bl.a.
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