Nature's Axisymmetric Hurricane
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Hurricane and Tropical Storm
State of New Jersey 2014 Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 5. Risk Assessment 5.8 Hurricane and Tropical Storm 2014 Plan Update Changes The 2014 Plan Update includes tropical storms, hurricanes and storm surge in this hazard profile. In the 2011 HMP, storm surge was included in the flood hazard. The hazard profile has been significantly enhanced to include a detailed hazard description, location, extent, previous occurrences, probability of future occurrence, severity, warning time and secondary impacts. New and updated data and figures from ONJSC are incorporated. New and updated figures from other federal and state agencies are incorporated. Potential change in climate and its impacts on the flood hazard are discussed. The vulnerability assessment now directly follows the hazard profile. An exposure analysis of the population, general building stock, State-owned and leased buildings, critical facilities and infrastructure was conducted using best available SLOSH and storm surge data. Environmental impacts is a new subsection. 5.8.1 Profile Hazard Description A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] 2013a). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development. -
Chapter 2.1.3, Has Both Unique and Common Features That Relate to TC Internal Structure, Motion, Forecast Difficulty, Frequency, Intensity, Energy, Intensity, Etc
Chapter Two Charles J. Neumann USNR (Retired) U, S. National Hurricane Center Science Applications International Corporation 2. A Global Tropical Cyclone Climatology 2.1 Introduction and purpose Globally, seven tropical cyclone (TC) basins, four in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and three in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) can be identified (see Table 1.1). Collectively, these basins annually observe approximately eighty to ninety TCs with maximum winds 63 km h-1 (34 kts). On the average, over half of these TCs (56%) reach or surpass the hurricane/ typhoon/ cyclone surface wind threshold of 118 km h-1 (64 kts). Basin TC activity shows wide variation, the most active being the western North Pacific, with about 30% of the global total, while the North Indian is the least active with about 6%. (These data are based on 1-minute wind averaging. For comparable figures based on 10-minute averaging, see Table 2.6.) Table 2.1. Recommended intensity terminology for WMO groups. Some Panel Countries use somewhat different terminology (WMO 2008b). Western N. Pacific terminology used by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is also shown. Over the years, many countries subject to these TC events have nurtured the development of government, military, religious and other private groups to study TC structure, to predict future motion/intensity and to mitigate TC effects. As would be expected, these mostly independent efforts have evolved into many different TC related global practices. These would include different observational and forecast procedures, TC terminology, documentation, wind measurement, formats, units of measurement, dissemination, wind/ pressure relationships, etc. Coupled with data uncertainties, these differences confound the task of preparing a global climatology. -
Richmond, VA Hurricanes
Hurricanes Influencing the Richmond Area Why should residents of the Middle Atlantic states be concerned about hurricanes during the coming hurricane season, which officially begins on June 1 and ends November 30? After all, the big ones don't seem to affect the region anymore. Consider the following: The last Category 2 hurricane to make landfall along the U.S. East Coast, north of Florida, was Isabel in 2003. The last Category 3 was Fran in 1996, and the last Category 4 was Hugo in 1989. Meanwhile, ten Category 2 or stronger storms have made landfall along the Gulf Coast between 2004 and 2008. Hurricane history suggests that the Mid-Atlantic's seeming immunity will change as soon as 2009. Hurricane Alley shifts. Past active hurricane cycles, typically lasting 25 to 30 years, have brought many destructive storms to the region, particularly to shore areas. Never before have so many people and so much property been at risk. Extensive coastal development and a rising sea make for increased vulnerability. A storm like the Great Atlantic Hurricane of 1944, a powerful Category 3, would savage shorelines from North Carolina to New England. History suggests that such an event is due. Hurricane Hazel in 1954 came ashore in North Carolina as a Category 4 to directly slam the Mid-Atlantic region. It swirled hurricane-force winds along an interior track of 700 miles, through the Northeast and into Canada. More than 100 people died. Hazel-type wind events occur about every 50 years. Areas north of Florida are particularly susceptible to wind damage. -
Economic Losses from Tropical Cyclones in the USA – an Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change and Socio-Economic Effects
Economic losses from tropical cyclones in the USA – An assessment of the impact of climate change and socio-economic effects vorgelegt von Silvio Schmidt Von der Fakultät VII – Wirtschaft und Management der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Wirtschaftswissenschaft (Dr. rer. oec.) genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Christian von Hirschhausen Berichter: Prof. Dr. Claudia Kemfert Prof. Dr. Georg Meran Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 19. Mai 2010 Berlin 2010 D83 Acknowledgements Many people deserve thanks and appreciation for this thesis, without their support and help, this work would not have been possible. Thanks to Laurens Bouwer, Oliver Büsse, Joel Gratz, Marlen Kube, Clau- dia Laube, Petra Löw, Peter Miesen, Brigitte Miksch, Roger Pielke Jr., Frank Oberholzner, Robert Sattler, Boris Siliverstovs, Michael Sonnenholzner and Angelika Wirtz for their useful comments and sugges- tions, engaging discussions and for providing me with the necessary data and with support for the data processing. Special thanks to Prof. Claudia Kemfert for her guidance during my studies, for her supporting feedback on various drafts of this paper and for her advice and motivation. Also, special thanks to Prof. Peter Höppe who was always available as a motivating discussion partner, for his advice and for arranging a funding for research activities. He also made it possible for me to have access to Munich Re’s NatCatSERVICE® database. I am also very grateful to Eberhard Faust who shared his profound knowledge on extreme weather events and the related insurance requirements with me. His support and advice contributed immensely to the completion of this thesis. -
Hurricane & Tropical Storm
5.8 HURRICANE & TROPICAL STORM SECTION 5.8 HURRICANE AND TROPICAL STORM 5.8.1 HAZARD DESCRIPTION A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (NOAA, 2013). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development. The average wind speeds for tropical storms and hurricanes are listed below: . A tropical depression has a maximum sustained wind speeds of 38 miles per hour (mph) or less . A tropical storm has maximum sustained wind speeds of 39 to 73 mph . A hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 74 mph or higher. In the western North Pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons; similar storms in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean are called cyclones. A major hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 111 mph or higher (NOAA, 2013). Over a two-year period, the United States coastline is struck by an average of three hurricanes, one of which is classified as a major hurricane. Hurricanes, tropical storms, and tropical depressions may pose a threat to life and property. These storms bring heavy rain, storm surge and flooding (NOAA, 2013). The cooler waters off the coast of New Jersey can serve to diminish the energy of storms that have traveled up the eastern seaboard. -
The Extremely Active 1995 Atlantic Hurricane Season: Environmental Conditions and Veri®Cation of Seasonal Forecasts
1174 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 126 The Extremely Active 1995 Atlantic Hurricane Season: Environmental Conditions and Veri®cation of Seasonal Forecasts CHRISTOPHER W. L ANDSEA NOAA Climate and Global Change Fellowship, NOAA/AOML/Hurricane Research Division, Miami, Florida GERALD D. BELL NOAA/NWS/NCEP/Climate Prediction Center, Washington, D.C. WILLIAM M. GRAY Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado STANLEY B. GOLDENBERG NOAA/AOML/Hurricane Research Division, Miami, Florida (Manuscript received 3 September 1996, in ®nal form 18 March 1997) ABSTRACT The 1995 Atlantic hurricane season was a year of near-record hurricane activity with a total of 19 named storms (average is 9.3 for the base period 1950±90) and 11 hurricanes (average is 5.8), which persisted for a total of 121 named storm days (average is 46.6) and 60 hurricane days (average is 23.9), respectively. There were ®ve intense (or major) Saf®r±Simpson category 3, 4, or 5 hurricanes (average is 2.3 intense hurricanes) with 11.75 intense hurricane days (average is 4.7). The net tropical cyclone activity, based upon the combined values of named storms, hurricanes, intense hurricanes, and their days present, was 229% of the average. Additionally, 1995 saw the return of hurricane activity to the deep tropical latitudes: seven hurricanes developed south of 258N (excluding all of the Gulf of Mexico) compared with just one during all of 1991±94. Interestingly, all seven storms that formed south of 208N in August and September recurved to the northeast without making landfall in the United States. -
Part 2 Severe Weather
34 INTRODUCTION to SEVERE WEATHER (from http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream//) 34 35 Chapter 1. Tropical Cyclone (from http://www.srh.noaa.gov/srh/jetstream/tropics/tropics_intro.htm) 1. Introduction A tropical cyclone is a warm-core, low pressure system without any "front" attached, that develops over the tropical or subtropical waters, and has an organized circulation. Depending upon location, tropical cyclones have different names around the world. In the: • Atlantic/Eastern Pacific Oceans - hurricanes • Western Pacific - typhoons • Indian Ocean - cyclones Regardless of what they are called, there are several favorable environmental conditions that must be in place before a tropical cyclone can form. They are: • Warm ocean waters (at least 80°F / 27°C) throughou t a depth of about 150 ft. (46 m). • An atmosphere which cools fast enough with height such that it is potentially unstable to moist convection. • Relatively moist air near the mid-level of the troposphere (16,000 ft. / 4,900 m). • Generally a minimum distance of at least 300 miles (480 km) from the equator. • A pre-existing near-surface disturbance. • Low values (less than about 23 mph / 37 kph) of vertical wind shear between the surface and the upper troposphere. Vertical wind shear is the change in wind speed with height. 35 36 Tropical Cyclone Formation Basin Given that sea surface temperatures need to be at least 80°F (27°C) for tropical cyclones form, it is natural that they form near the equator. However, with only the rarest of occasions, these storms do not form within 5° latitude of the equator. -
Eastern Caribbean Hurricane Lenny
EASTERN CARIBBEAN: 19 November 1999 HURRICANE LENNY Information Bulletin N° 02 The Situation After reaching almost category 5 strength on Wednesday, Hurricane Lenny has now weakened to category 2. However, its width (yesterday 180 km with hurricane force & 295 km with tropical storm force, and today 90 km & 230 km respectively) and the fact it has remained almost stationary the last three days means it may have caused extensive damage and that it is still a severe threat to the Eastern Caribbean, particularly the Leeward Islands. At 5 a.m.( A.S.T.) today, the centre of the hurricane was located near latitude 18.1 north, longitude 62.8 west, or just north of the island of St Barthélemy and just east of the island of St Martin. A hurricane warning remains in effect for St Kitts & Nevis, Antigua & Barbuda, Monserrat, St Martin, St Barthélemy and Anguila for much of today. A tropical storm warning remains for other neighbouring islands. The hurricane winds have now decreased to 185 kph with higher gusts over unprotected south and west facing terrain. Tropical storm force winds extend outward up to 280 km from the centre and stronger wind fluctuations could occur. The islands of St. Martin (particularly the southern, Dutch side), Anguila, Saba, St. Eustatius and St. Barthélémy, are experiencing hurricane force winds as they are located in the centre of the advancing hurricane. The phenomenon is expected to continue to move slowly north eastward today, hopefully out of the Caribbean. Red Cross/Red Crescent Action St. Kitts and Nevis Red Cross reported on Thursday 18 that the major impact of the hurricane was flooding , both fresh water and salt water. -
Disaster Management in Hurricane Maria: Voices from the Agriculture Sector in Puerto Rico
Master’s Thesis 2019 30 ECTS Faculty of Landscape and Society Disaster Management in Hurricane Maria: Voices from the Agriculture Sector in Puerto Rico Vittoria Rivera International Development Studies The Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Noragric, is the international gateway for the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU). Established in 1986, Noragric’s contribution to international development lies in the interface between research, education (Bachelor, Master and PhD programmes) and assignments. The Noragric Master’s theses are the final theses submitted by students in order to fulfil the requirements under the Noragric Master’s programmes ‘International Environmental Studies’, ‘International Development Studies’ and ‘International Relations’. The findings in this thesis do not necessarily reflect the views of Noragric. Extracts from this publication may only be reproduced after prior consultation with the author and on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation contact Noragric. © Vittoria Rivera, May 2019 [email protected] Noragric Department of International Environment and Development Studies The Faculty of Landscape and Society P.O. Box 5003 N-1432 Ås Norway Tel.: +47 67 23 00 00 Internet: https://www.nmbu.no/fakultet/landsam/institutt/noragric Declaration I, (name), declare that this thesis is a result of my research investigations and findings. Sources of information other than my own have been acknowledged and a reference list has been appended. This work has not been previously submitted to any other university for award of any type of academic degree. Signature…………………………………. Date………………………………………… i Pa’ mi gente Boricua ii Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. -
Hurricane Package
Hurricane Manual This manual has been prepared in consideration and concern for all residents of the communities proudly managed by: Caribbean Property Management, Inc. 12301 SW 132 Ct., Miami, Florida 33186 Phone (305) 251-3848 Fax (305) 251-3849 www.caribbeanproperty.cc 2 | P a g e Safety Tips Before, During, and After the Storm Before the Hurricane Season Begins Develop a plan. Know your homes vulnerability to the threats above - surge, wind, and flooding. Check your supplies - water, batteries, food. For information on developing a Hurricane Supply kit, see our page on that topic. Know where you can evacuate to - friends, relatives, a hotel? Know when to take action - Watch vs Warning WATCH: Hurricane conditions are possible in the specified area of the WATCH, usually within 36 hours. WARNING: Hurricane conditions are expected in the specified area of the WARNING, usually within 24 hours. Remember that there is no such thing as a "minor hurricane." Category 1 and 2 hurricanes still can do significant damage. Prepare before a Watch or Warning is issued and be ready to evacuate when the Watch comes or earlier if so instructed. An Approaching Storm As a storm approaches, you should prepare your unit or house. Some things to consider: Turn down the temperature on your freezer and refrigerator as low as possible. This will buy you more time in the event of a power loss. 24 to 48 hours before will cool the food. Avoid opening them whenever possible. If you are evacuating, probably unnecessary. Before you evacuate, call at least one person out of state to let them know your plans. -
Full Version of Global Guide to Tropical Cyclone Forecasting
WMO-No. 1194 © World Meteorological Organization, 2017 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate this publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chairperson, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix P.O. Box 2300 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland ISBN 978-92-63-11194-4 NOTE The designations employed in WMO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WMO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WMO in preference to others of a similar nature which are not mentioned or advertised. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in WMO publications with named authors are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect those of WMO or its Members. This publication has not been subjected to WMO standard editorial procedures. The views expressed herein do not necessarily have the endorsement of the Organization. Preface Tropical cyclones are amongst the most damaging weather phenomena that directly affect hundreds of millions of people and cause huge economic loss every year. Mitigation and reduction of disasters induced by tropical cyclones and consequential phenomena such as storm surges, floods and high winds have been long-standing objectives and mandates of WMO Members prone to tropical cyclones and their National Meteorological and Hydrometeorological Services. -
Disaster Relief History
2020 2020 2020 544 Jonesboro, AR. Tornado 20-Mar 543 Tishomingo, MS. Tornado 20-Mar 542 Williamsburg, KY., Jackson, MS, Ridgeland,MS. & Walla Walla, WA. Flooding 20-Feb 542 Nashville, Mt. Juliet, & Cookeville, TN. Tornado 20-Mar 2019 2019 2019 541 Decatur County, TN. Severe Storm 19-Oct 540 Beaumont, Baytown, Orange, & Port Arthur, TX. Flooding 19-Sep 539 New Iberia & Sulphur, LA. Hurricane Barry 19-Jul 538 Dayton, OH. Tornado 19-May 537 Jay, OK. Tornado 19-May 536 Alteimer, Dardanelle, Pine Bluff & Wright, AR; Fort Gbson, Gore & Sand Springs, OK. Flooding 19-May 535 Longview, TX. Tornado 19-May 534 Rusk, TX. Tornado 19-Apr 533 Hamilton, MS. Tornado 19-Apr 532 Bellevue, Fremont, & Nebraska City, NE; Mound City, & St. Joseph, MO. Flooding 19-Mar 531 Savannah, TN Flooding 19-Mar 530 Opelika, & Phenix City, AL; Cataula, & Talbotton, GA Tornado 19-Mar 529 Columbus, MS Tornado 19-Feb 2018 2018 2018 528 Taylorville, IL Tornado 18-Dec 527 Chico, & Paradise (Butte County), CA Wildfire 18-Nov 526 Kingsland, & Marble Falls, TX Flooding 18-Oct 525 Carabelle, Eastpoint, Marianna & Panama City, FL; Blakely, Camilla, Hurricane Michael 18-Oct Dawson, & Donalsonville, GA 524 Sonora, TX Flooding 18-Sep 523 Elizabethtown, Fayetteville, Goldsboro, Grantsboro, Havelock, Jacksonville, Hurricane Florence 18-Sep Laurinburg, Lumberton, Morehead City, New Bern, Riverbend & Wilmington, NC; Dillon, Loris & Marion, SC 522 Shasta County, & Trinity County, CA Wildfires 18-Jul 521 Blanca, Alamosa, & Walsenburg, CO Wildfires 18-Jul 520 Des Moines, & Marshalltown,IA