2010 Hurricane Season Preparedness Manual
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Richmond, VA Hurricanes
Hurricanes Influencing the Richmond Area Why should residents of the Middle Atlantic states be concerned about hurricanes during the coming hurricane season, which officially begins on June 1 and ends November 30? After all, the big ones don't seem to affect the region anymore. Consider the following: The last Category 2 hurricane to make landfall along the U.S. East Coast, north of Florida, was Isabel in 2003. The last Category 3 was Fran in 1996, and the last Category 4 was Hugo in 1989. Meanwhile, ten Category 2 or stronger storms have made landfall along the Gulf Coast between 2004 and 2008. Hurricane history suggests that the Mid-Atlantic's seeming immunity will change as soon as 2009. Hurricane Alley shifts. Past active hurricane cycles, typically lasting 25 to 30 years, have brought many destructive storms to the region, particularly to shore areas. Never before have so many people and so much property been at risk. Extensive coastal development and a rising sea make for increased vulnerability. A storm like the Great Atlantic Hurricane of 1944, a powerful Category 3, would savage shorelines from North Carolina to New England. History suggests that such an event is due. Hurricane Hazel in 1954 came ashore in North Carolina as a Category 4 to directly slam the Mid-Atlantic region. It swirled hurricane-force winds along an interior track of 700 miles, through the Northeast and into Canada. More than 100 people died. Hazel-type wind events occur about every 50 years. Areas north of Florida are particularly susceptible to wind damage. -
1 a Hyperactive End to the Atlantic Hurricane Season: October–November 2020
1 A Hyperactive End to the Atlantic Hurricane Season: October–November 2020 2 3 Philip J. Klotzbach* 4 Department of Atmospheric Science 5 Colorado State University 6 Fort Collins CO 80523 7 8 Kimberly M. Wood# 9 Department of Geosciences 10 Mississippi State University 11 Mississippi State MS 39762 12 13 Michael M. Bell 14 Department of Atmospheric Science 15 Colorado State University 16 Fort Collins CO 80523 17 1 18 Eric S. Blake 19 National Hurricane Center 1 Early Online Release: This preliminary version has been accepted for publication in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, may be fully cited, and has been assigned DOI 10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0312.1. The final typeset copyedited article will replace the EOR at the above DOI when it is published. © 2021 American Meteorological Society Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/26/21 05:03 AM UTC 20 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 21 Miami FL 33165 22 23 Steven G. Bowen 24 Aon 25 Chicago IL 60601 26 27 Louis-Philippe Caron 28 Ouranos 29 Montreal Canada H3A 1B9 30 31 Barcelona Supercomputing Center 32 Barcelona Spain 08034 33 34 Jennifer M. Collins 35 School of Geosciences 36 University of South Florida 37 Tampa FL 33620 38 2 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/26/21 05:03 AM UTC Accepted for publication in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. DOI 10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0312.1. 39 Ethan J. Gibney 40 UCAR/Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science 41 San Diego, CA 92127 42 43 Carl J. Schreck III 44 North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies, Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System 45 Studies (CISESS) 46 North Carolina State University 47 Asheville NC 28801 48 49 Ryan E. -
Hazus Hurricane Wind for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands
Hazus Hurricane Wind for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands May 2021 Hazus Hurricane Wind for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands Table of Contents Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. vi List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................. viii Acronyms and Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................... x Section 1. Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 1-1 Section 2. Adapting the Hazus Model for Caribbean Territories ........................................................ 2-1 2.1 A Need for Hazus following Hurricanes Irma and Maria.............................................................. 2-1 2.2 Leveraging Damage Inspections and Local Caribbean Conditions Data ................................... 2-2 2.2.1 Topographic Differences ....................................................................................................... 2-3 2.2.2 Differences in the Built Environment ................................................................................... 2-4 2.2.2.1 Residential -
Mariner's Guide for Hurricane Awareness
Mariner’s Guide For Hurricane Awareness In The North Atlantic Basin Eric J. Holweg [email protected] Meteorologist Tropical Analysis and Forecast Branch Tropical Prediction Center National Weather Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 2000 Internet Sites with Weather and Communications Information Of Interest To The Mariner NOAA home page: http://www.noaa.gov NWS home page: http://www.nws.noaa.gov NWS marine dissemination page: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/marine/home.htm NWS marine text products: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/marine/forecast.htm NWS radio facsmile/marine charts: http://weather.noaa.gov/fax/marine.shtml NWS publications: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/nwspub.htm NOAA Data Buoy Center: http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov NOAA Weather Radio: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr National Ocean Service (NOS): http://co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/ NOS Tide data: http://tidesonline.nos.noaa.gov/ USCG Navigation Center: http://www.navcen.uscg.mil Tropical Prediction Center: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ High Seas Forecasts and Charts: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/forecast.html Marine Prediction Center: http://www.mpc.ncep.noaa.gov SST & Gulfstream: http://www4.nlmoc.navy.mil/data/oceans/gulfstream.html Hurricane Preparedness & Tracks: http://www.fema.gov/fema/trop.htm Time Zone Conversions: http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/zones.html Table of Contents Introduction and Purpose ................................................................................................................... 1 Disclaimer ........................................................................................................................................... -
The Extremely Active 1995 Atlantic Hurricane Season: Environmental Conditions and Veri®Cation of Seasonal Forecasts
1174 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 126 The Extremely Active 1995 Atlantic Hurricane Season: Environmental Conditions and Veri®cation of Seasonal Forecasts CHRISTOPHER W. L ANDSEA NOAA Climate and Global Change Fellowship, NOAA/AOML/Hurricane Research Division, Miami, Florida GERALD D. BELL NOAA/NWS/NCEP/Climate Prediction Center, Washington, D.C. WILLIAM M. GRAY Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado STANLEY B. GOLDENBERG NOAA/AOML/Hurricane Research Division, Miami, Florida (Manuscript received 3 September 1996, in ®nal form 18 March 1997) ABSTRACT The 1995 Atlantic hurricane season was a year of near-record hurricane activity with a total of 19 named storms (average is 9.3 for the base period 1950±90) and 11 hurricanes (average is 5.8), which persisted for a total of 121 named storm days (average is 46.6) and 60 hurricane days (average is 23.9), respectively. There were ®ve intense (or major) Saf®r±Simpson category 3, 4, or 5 hurricanes (average is 2.3 intense hurricanes) with 11.75 intense hurricane days (average is 4.7). The net tropical cyclone activity, based upon the combined values of named storms, hurricanes, intense hurricanes, and their days present, was 229% of the average. Additionally, 1995 saw the return of hurricane activity to the deep tropical latitudes: seven hurricanes developed south of 258N (excluding all of the Gulf of Mexico) compared with just one during all of 1991±94. Interestingly, all seven storms that formed south of 208N in August and September recurved to the northeast without making landfall in the United States. -
Part 2 Severe Weather
34 INTRODUCTION to SEVERE WEATHER (from http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream//) 34 35 Chapter 1. Tropical Cyclone (from http://www.srh.noaa.gov/srh/jetstream/tropics/tropics_intro.htm) 1. Introduction A tropical cyclone is a warm-core, low pressure system without any "front" attached, that develops over the tropical or subtropical waters, and has an organized circulation. Depending upon location, tropical cyclones have different names around the world. In the: • Atlantic/Eastern Pacific Oceans - hurricanes • Western Pacific - typhoons • Indian Ocean - cyclones Regardless of what they are called, there are several favorable environmental conditions that must be in place before a tropical cyclone can form. They are: • Warm ocean waters (at least 80°F / 27°C) throughou t a depth of about 150 ft. (46 m). • An atmosphere which cools fast enough with height such that it is potentially unstable to moist convection. • Relatively moist air near the mid-level of the troposphere (16,000 ft. / 4,900 m). • Generally a minimum distance of at least 300 miles (480 km) from the equator. • A pre-existing near-surface disturbance. • Low values (less than about 23 mph / 37 kph) of vertical wind shear between the surface and the upper troposphere. Vertical wind shear is the change in wind speed with height. 35 36 Tropical Cyclone Formation Basin Given that sea surface temperatures need to be at least 80°F (27°C) for tropical cyclones form, it is natural that they form near the equator. However, with only the rarest of occasions, these storms do not form within 5° latitude of the equator. -
Eastern Caribbean Hurricane Lenny
EASTERN CARIBBEAN: 19 November 1999 HURRICANE LENNY Information Bulletin N° 02 The Situation After reaching almost category 5 strength on Wednesday, Hurricane Lenny has now weakened to category 2. However, its width (yesterday 180 km with hurricane force & 295 km with tropical storm force, and today 90 km & 230 km respectively) and the fact it has remained almost stationary the last three days means it may have caused extensive damage and that it is still a severe threat to the Eastern Caribbean, particularly the Leeward Islands. At 5 a.m.( A.S.T.) today, the centre of the hurricane was located near latitude 18.1 north, longitude 62.8 west, or just north of the island of St Barthélemy and just east of the island of St Martin. A hurricane warning remains in effect for St Kitts & Nevis, Antigua & Barbuda, Monserrat, St Martin, St Barthélemy and Anguila for much of today. A tropical storm warning remains for other neighbouring islands. The hurricane winds have now decreased to 185 kph with higher gusts over unprotected south and west facing terrain. Tropical storm force winds extend outward up to 280 km from the centre and stronger wind fluctuations could occur. The islands of St. Martin (particularly the southern, Dutch side), Anguila, Saba, St. Eustatius and St. Barthélémy, are experiencing hurricane force winds as they are located in the centre of the advancing hurricane. The phenomenon is expected to continue to move slowly north eastward today, hopefully out of the Caribbean. Red Cross/Red Crescent Action St. Kitts and Nevis Red Cross reported on Thursday 18 that the major impact of the hurricane was flooding , both fresh water and salt water. -
Disaster Management in Hurricane Maria: Voices from the Agriculture Sector in Puerto Rico
Master’s Thesis 2019 30 ECTS Faculty of Landscape and Society Disaster Management in Hurricane Maria: Voices from the Agriculture Sector in Puerto Rico Vittoria Rivera International Development Studies The Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Noragric, is the international gateway for the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU). Established in 1986, Noragric’s contribution to international development lies in the interface between research, education (Bachelor, Master and PhD programmes) and assignments. The Noragric Master’s theses are the final theses submitted by students in order to fulfil the requirements under the Noragric Master’s programmes ‘International Environmental Studies’, ‘International Development Studies’ and ‘International Relations’. The findings in this thesis do not necessarily reflect the views of Noragric. Extracts from this publication may only be reproduced after prior consultation with the author and on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation contact Noragric. © Vittoria Rivera, May 2019 [email protected] Noragric Department of International Environment and Development Studies The Faculty of Landscape and Society P.O. Box 5003 N-1432 Ås Norway Tel.: +47 67 23 00 00 Internet: https://www.nmbu.no/fakultet/landsam/institutt/noragric Declaration I, (name), declare that this thesis is a result of my research investigations and findings. Sources of information other than my own have been acknowledged and a reference list has been appended. This work has not been previously submitted to any other university for award of any type of academic degree. Signature…………………………………. Date………………………………………… i Pa’ mi gente Boricua ii Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. -
Hurricane Package
Hurricane Manual This manual has been prepared in consideration and concern for all residents of the communities proudly managed by: Caribbean Property Management, Inc. 12301 SW 132 Ct., Miami, Florida 33186 Phone (305) 251-3848 Fax (305) 251-3849 www.caribbeanproperty.cc 2 | P a g e Safety Tips Before, During, and After the Storm Before the Hurricane Season Begins Develop a plan. Know your homes vulnerability to the threats above - surge, wind, and flooding. Check your supplies - water, batteries, food. For information on developing a Hurricane Supply kit, see our page on that topic. Know where you can evacuate to - friends, relatives, a hotel? Know when to take action - Watch vs Warning WATCH: Hurricane conditions are possible in the specified area of the WATCH, usually within 36 hours. WARNING: Hurricane conditions are expected in the specified area of the WARNING, usually within 24 hours. Remember that there is no such thing as a "minor hurricane." Category 1 and 2 hurricanes still can do significant damage. Prepare before a Watch or Warning is issued and be ready to evacuate when the Watch comes or earlier if so instructed. An Approaching Storm As a storm approaches, you should prepare your unit or house. Some things to consider: Turn down the temperature on your freezer and refrigerator as low as possible. This will buy you more time in the event of a power loss. 24 to 48 hours before will cool the food. Avoid opening them whenever possible. If you are evacuating, probably unnecessary. Before you evacuate, call at least one person out of state to let them know your plans. -
Historical Perspective
kZ _!% L , Ti Historical Perspective 2.1 Introduction CROSS REFERENCE Through the years, FEMA, other Federal agencies, State and For resources that augment local agencies, and other private groups have documented and the guidance and other evaluated the effects of coastal flood and wind events and the information in this Manual, performance of buildings located in coastal areas during those see the Residential Coastal Construction Web site events. These evaluations provide a historical perspective on the siting, design, and construction of buildings along the Atlantic, Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Great Lakes coasts. These studies provide a baseline against which the effects of later coastal flood events can be measured. Within this context, certain hurricanes, coastal storms, and other coastal flood events stand out as being especially important, either Hurricane categories reported because of the nature and extent of the damage they caused or in this Manual should be because of particular flaws they exposed in hazard identification, interpreted cautiously. Storm siting, design, construction, or maintenance practices. Many of categorization based on wind speed may differ from that these events—particularly those occurring since 1979—have been based on barometric pressure documented by FEMA in Flood Damage Assessment Reports, or storm surge. Also, storm Building Performance Assessment Team (BPAT) reports, and effects vary geographically— Mitigation Assessment Team (MAT) reports. These reports only the area near the point of summarize investigations that FEMA conducts shortly after landfall will experience effects associated with the reported major disasters. Drawing on the combined resources of a Federal, storm category. State, local, and private sector partnership, a team of investigators COASTAL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL 2-1 2 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE is tasked with evaluating the performance of buildings and related infrastructure in response to the effects of natural and man-made hazards. -
What Happened? Irma and Maria -- the Back-To-Back Category 5 Hurricanes of September 2017 in the US Virgin Islands
What Happened? Irma and Maria -- the back-to-back Category 5 Hurricanes of September 2017 in the US Virgin Islands OCEAN AND COASTAL OBSERVING – VIRGIN ISLANDS, INC. (OCOVI) WWW.OCOVI.ORG Two weeks apart, hurricanes Irma (September 6th) and Maria (September 20th) followed paths that sandwiched the Virgin Islands. Both remained Category 5 storms as they transited the VI region. Irma set a record of ~ 3¼ days in Category 5. What makes our region particularly prone to tropical storms or hurricanes? Abundant warm ocean water, Temperature ≥ 80◦F (26.5◦C) --the ocean water’s heat provides the energy for convection which creates storms; Start-up moisture and spin from pre-existing systems (e.g., waves coming from the African continent); Favorable distance from the equator in order to maximize the spin (Latitude > 4◦ is necessary to maintain the necessary spin; the VI is located around 18◦ N); Remoteness from competing continental systems which can deplete atmospheric moisture; Remoteness from sources of wind shear; Wind shear disrupts Minimal land surface (less debilitating friction, less convection deprivation of moisture). columns Who are we? Where are we? Hurricanes since 1851 Significant quote Alexander Hamilton describing the 1772 hurricane on St. Croix in the Royal Danish American Gazette, August 31,1772: … Good God! what horror and destruction—it's impossible for me to describe—or you to form any idea of it…. A great part of the buildings throughout the Island are levelled to the ground—almost all the rest very much shattered—several persons killed and numbers utterly ruined …our harbour is entirely bare…”. -
Preparedness and Mitigation in the Americas
PREPAREDNESS AND MITIGATION IN THE AMERICAS Issue No. 79 News and Information for the International Disaster Community January 2000 Inappropriate Relief Donations: What is the Problem? f recent disasters worldwide are any indication, Unsolicited clothing, canned foods and, to a lesser the donation of inappropriate supplies remains extent, pharmaceuticals and medical supplies, I a serious problem for the affected countries. continue to clog the overburdened distribution networks during the immediate aftermath of highly-publicized tragedies. This issue per- sists in spite of health guidelines issued by the World Health Organization, a regional policy adopted by the Ministries of Health of Latin America and the Caribbean, and the educational lobbying efforts of a consortium of primarily European NGOs w w w. wemos.nl). I N S I D E Now the Harvard School of Public Health has partially addressed the issue in a com- prehensive study of U.S. pharmaceutical News from d o n a t i o n s (w w w. h s p h . h a r v a r d . e d u / f a c u l t y / PAHO/WHO r e i c h / d o n a t i o n s / i n d e x . h t m). Although the 2 study correctly concluded that the "problem A sports complex in Valencia, Venezuela, which served as the main temporary shel- Other ter for the population displaced by the disaster, illustrates what happens when an may be more serious in disaster relief situa- Organizations enormous amount of humanitarian aid arrives suddenly in a country.