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North Africa American Cemetery and Memorial American Battle Onm Uments Commission Bangor Public Library Bangor Community: Digital Commons@bpl Books and Publications Special Collections 1960 North Africa American Cemetery and Memorial American Battle onM uments Commission Follow this and additional works at: https://digicom.bpl.lib.me.us/books_pubs Recommended Citation American Battle onM uments Commission, "North Africa American Cemetery and Memorial" (1960). Books and Publications. 112. https://digicom.bpl.lib.me.us/books_pubs/112 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections at Bangor Community: Digital Commons@bpl. It has been accepted for inclusion in Books and Publications by an authorized administrator of Bangor Community: Digital Commons@bpl. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 2 Rorth 2lfrira 2lmrriran Q:cmtttrH and mrmorial LOCATION well as in the vicinity of the cemetery North Africa American Cemetery and at Carthage. It is likely to be quite Memorial is situated 10 miles northeast hot during the summer months, and of the city of Tunis, Tunisia, and 5 cold on occasion during the winter. miles northeast of its airport (El Aouina). It may be reached by taxi­ THE SITE cab from the city or the airport. There The cemetery site covers 27 acres of is also an interurban streetcar from the plateau lying between the Mediter­ Tunis-the nearest stop is at Amilcar ranean and the Bay of Tunis, both of station, from which the cemetery is which are a mile or so distant. It is only two or three hundred yards located in close proximity to the site distant. There are hotels in Tunis as of the ancient Carthaginian city, de- View of Memorial and Garden From Burial Area. 3 Aerial View of Cemetery. stroyed by the Romans in 146 B.C., North Africa and also in Iran. A high and lies over part of the site of Roman proportion of these gave their lives in Carthage. Some 200 yards to the east the landings in, and occupation of, are remnants of Roman houses and Morocco and Algeria, and subsequent streets-the whole region hereabout fighting which culminated in the lib­ contains vestiges of the Roman city as eration of Tunisia. Others died as well as some remains of the Cartha­ a result of accident or sickness in these gm1an era. and other parts of North Africa, or After the end of World War II a while serving in the Persian Gulf Com­ survey made jointly by representatives mand in Iran. of the Secretary of War and the Ameri­ can Battle Monuments Commission ARCHITECTS revealed that all of the sites of the tem­ Architects for the Cemetery and Me­ porary cemeteries established in North morial were Moore and Hutchins of Africa during the war had major dis­ New York. The Landscape Architect advantages. The present new site was was Bryan J. Lynch also of New York. therefore selected and was established in 1948. It lay in the sector of the British First Army which liberated the GENERAL LAYOUT Tunis area in May 1943. The main entrance from the eucalyp­ Here rest 2,840 of our Military tus-bordered highway is at the south­ Dead, representing 39 percent of the east corner of the cemetery. To the burials which were originally made in right of the entrance is one of the 4 Location of Cemetery Features. Superintendents' houses; beyond is the of it is the flagpole. On the west ?val forecourt. Beneath the green plot facade of the Visitors' Building is this m the center of the forecourt is the inscription taken from General Eisen­ reservoir which stores the water for the hower's dedication of the Golden Book cemetery needs, as well as the pumps now enshrined in St. Paul's Cathedral which operate the high pressure in London: sprinkling system. All of the water HERE WE AND ALL WHO SHALL HERE­ comes from municipal supply for which AFTER LIVE IN FREEDOM WILL BE RE­ the storage area is located some miles MINDED THAT TO THESE MEN AND to the south of the city of Tunis. THEIR COMRADES WE OWE A DEBT TO Down the hill and beyond the fore­ BE PAID WITH GRATEFUL REMEM­ court is the utilities area. BRANCE OF THEIR SACRIFICE AND WITH In the forecourt are rows of Euca­ THE HIGH RESOLVE THAT THE CAUSE lyptus and ornamental India laurel fig FOR WHICH THEY DIED SHALL LIVE. (Ficus nitida) trees; the beds include Pittosporum tobira, Rosemary (Ros­ Within the Visitors' Building is a marinus officinalis), Hibiscus, Lan­ Roman mosaic discovered in the re­ tana, English Ivy, Pelargonium, and gion and donated, in 1959, by Presi­ other shrubs and vines. dent Bourguiba of Tunisia to Ambas­ Extending to the left (west) of the sador G. Lewis Jones, who in turn forecourt and parking area is the mall. presented it to the American Military At the head of the steps leading to the Cemetery. mall, and at the right (north) is the On the south side of the mall is the Visitors' Building, built of Roman Wall of the Missing; at its far (west) Travertine imported from Italy; west end is the Memorial Chapel. North 5 of the mall is the graves area which it "'(:( "'(:( "'(:( 1941-1945 "'(:( "'(:( "'(:( INTO THY overlooks. South of the highway is an HANDS 0 LORD. additional area used for service pur­ poses only. Near the foot of the steps leading down from the forecourt is a pool and THE WALL OF THE MISSING a figure of HONOR about to bestow a laurel branch upon those who ga~e This wall, 364 feet long, is of local their lives. The pedestal bears this Nahli limestone, with local Gathouna inscription: limestone copings. Built into it are panels of Trani marble, imported from HONOR TO THEM THAT TROD THE PATH Italy, on which are inscribed the names OF HONOR. and particulars of 3, 724 of our Missing: Along the wall are two other sculp­ tured figures: MEMORY and RECOLLEC­ United States Army and Army Air TION, the latter holding a book with Forces ( 3 ,095) * the inscription PRO PATRIA. Between United States Navy (615) these figures are oak leaf wreaths United States Coast Guard ( 14) within which are engraved the names of battles on land, sea and in the air, These men gave their lives in the serv­ in which the American forces partici­ ice of their Country but their remains pated. All of this sculpture is of have not been identified or they were Bianco Caldo stone from near Foggia lost or buried in the waters surrounding in Italy; it was designed by Henry the African continent. Their names Kreis of Essex, Connecticut, and exe­ include men from all the States, except cuted by Pietro Bibolotti, Pietrasanta, Alaska and Hawaii, as well as from Italy. the District of Columbia. Planted in front of the Wall of the At each end of the wall is this in­ Missing are rows of India laurel fig scription: trees (Ficus nitida) in beds of peri­ winkle (Vinca major) . On the north HERE ARE RECORDED THE NAMES OF side of the mall are rows of sweet AMERICANS WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES IN orange (Citrus sinensis) and potted THE SERVICE OF THEIR COUNTRY AND African Agapanthus adjacent to beds WHO SLEEP IN UNKNOWN GRAVES of Gazania. 'l:hc memorial EXTERIOR SOME THERE BE WHICH HAVE NO SEP­ The Memorial consists of the Court of ULCHRE. THEIR NAME LIVETH FOR­ Honor and the Chapel. The Court of EVERMORE. Honor is in the form of a cloister. Within it is a large rectangular Stone The rectangular pylons of the clois­ of Remembrance, of black Diorite ter are of San Gottardo limestone from d'Anzola quarried in northwest Italy; the vicinity of Viccnza in Italy; the this inscription, adapted from Ecclesi­ main part of the structure of the asticus XLIV, is worked into the de­ *It will be recalled that during World sign of the mosaic panel surrounding War II the Air Forces still formed part of its base: the United States Army. 6 "Memory" and Wall of the Missing. Memorial is faced with Roman Trav­ At the south end of the cloister are ertine. The pavement is of Sienite the maps. These are of ceramic, de­ della Baima granite from northwest signed and fabricated by Paul D. Hol­ Italy. In the southwest corner is a leman of Roxbury, Massachusetts, Russian olive tree ( Elaeagnus angusti­ from information supplied by the folia) . On the west wall of the cloister American Battle Monuments Com­ facing the mall is this inscription, with mission. translations in French and Arabic: The large map on the end (south) wall records the military operations of IN PROUD REMEMBRANCE OF THE the American forces and those of the ACHIEVEMENTS OF HER SONS AND IN Allies in Morocco, Algeria, and HUMBLE TRIBUTE TO THEIR SACRIFICES Tunisia from the initial "Torch" land­ THIS MEMORIAL HAS BEEN ERECTED BY ings on 8 November 1942 to the Axis THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA tr --tl tr surrender on 13 May 1943. The de­ 1941-1945. scriptive text is in English, Arabic, and 7 Map-Military Operations in Southern Tunisia. French, of which this is the English THE LANDINGS, THE ALLIED NAVAL version: FORCES KEPT THE SEA LANES OPEN FOR AN UNINTERRUPTED FLOW OF SUP­ ON 8 NOVEMBER 1942, IN A MAJOR PLIES AND ALSO PROVIDED FIRE SUP­ OPERATION COVERED BY NAVAL GUN­ PORT TO THE TROOPS ASHORE. ON I I FIRE AND AIRCRAFT, UNITED STATES NOVEMBER AN ARMISTICE PROCLAMA­ AND BRITISH TROOPS WERE LANDED TION ENDED VICHY FRENCH RESIST­ SIMULTANEOUSLY IN THREE WIDELY ANCE THROUGHOUT ALGERIA AND SEPARATED AREAS ON THE SHORES OF MOROCCO.
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