El Proceso De Profesionalización De La Terapia Ocupacional En España (1961-2007) / Alba Cambra Aliaga

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El Proceso De Profesionalización De La Terapia Ocupacional En España (1961-2007) / Alba Cambra Aliaga 2020 151 Alba Cambra Aliaga El proceso de profesionalización de la Terapia Ocupacional en España (1961-2007) Departamento Fisiatría y Enfermería Director/es Bernués Vázquez, Luis Fernández Doctor, Asunción © Universidad de Zaragoza Servicio de Publicaciones ISSN 2254-7606 Tesis Doctoral EL PROCESO DE PROFESIONALIZACIÓN DE LA TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL EN ESPAÑA (1961-2007) Autor Alba Cambra Aliaga Director/es Bernués Vázquez, Luis Fernández Doctor, Asunción UNIVERSIDAD DE ZARAGOZA Fisiatría y Enfermería 2017 Repositorio de la Universidad de Zaragoza – Zaguan http://zaguan.unizar.es Tesis Doctoral El proceso de profesionalización de la Terapia Ocupacional en España (1961-2007) Autora Alba Cambra Aliaga Director/es Asunción Fernández Doctor Luis Bernués Vázquez Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud 2017 2 4 D. Luis Bernués Vázquez, Doctor por la Universidad de Zaragoza, profesor Titular del Área de Enfermería perteneciente al Departamento de Fisiatria-Enfermería de la Universidad de Zaragoza, hace constar: Que la Tesis Doctoral titulada: “El proceso de profesionalización de la Terapia Ocupacional en España (1961-2007)” de Dña. Alba Cambra Aliaga reúne los requisitos necesarios para ser presentada y defendida por su autora para optar al Grado de Doctor por la Universidad de Zaragoza. Zaragoza, 21 de Marzo de 2017 Fdo.: Luis Bernués Vázquez 6 Agradecimientos La realización de una tesis doctoral sobre Terapia Ocupacional en España es sin duda un gran desafío, pero también es un camino lleno de oportunidades, un camino en el que se cruzan muchas personas que ahora vuelven a mi pensamiento. Agradezco la oportunidad de haber podido trabajar con una persona de experiencia como Asunción Fernández, que me acogió con dedicación desde el principio y cuyas orientaciones y estímulo han sido siempre de gran ayuda, tampoco olvido el apoyo y los ánimos que siem- pre me transmitió Luis Bernués, gracias a los dos. Gracias por tener la oportunidad de pertenecer al Seminario de Historia y recibir y compar- tir aprendizajes que han sido fundamentales para la realización de este trabajo. Recuerdo a todas las personas que de una u otra forma han colaborado en la realización de esta investigación, pero muy especialmente a las terapeutas ocupacionales que desintere- sadamente dieron parte de su tiempo y estuvieron dispuestas a compartir sus relatos de vida conmigo. Gracias de corazón, no quiero dejar pasar la ocasión para expresar mi admi- ración y respeto por vuestra dedicación a esta profesión. Gracias a todos aquellos que desde la práctica de la terapia ocupacional contribuyeron a la construcción de la profesión y a todos los que continúan luchando por consolidarla. A las personas que están más cerca, mis colegas, sin vuestra ayuda, ánimo y ejemplo, no habría podido llegar hasta aquí. A mi amor, sin ti nada es posible. 7 8 SUMARIO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ....................................................................................................................... 17 1.1. Justificación ...................................................................................................................... 17 1.2. Historiografía de la Terapia Ocupacional ......................................................................... 19 1.3. Marco teórico: sociología de las profesiones ................................................................... 25 2. OBJETIVOS ............................................................................................................................... 35 3. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS ........................................................................................................... 39 4. ANTECEDENTES, NACIMIENTO Y EXPANSIÓN DE LA TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL ....................... 49 4.1. Antecedentes de la ocupación como medio terapéutico. ............................................... 49 4.1.1. Ocupación terapéutica en la Antigüedad .............................................................. 50 4.1.2. Ocupación terapéutica en la Edad Media .............................................................. 54 4.1.3. Utilización terapéutica de las ocupaciones en el mundo moderno....................... 59 4.2. Movimientos influyentes en el origen de la profesión: siglos XIX y XX. ........................... 79 4.2.1. Tratamiento Moral ................................................................................................. 79 4.2.2. Movimiento de Artes y Oficios .............................................................................. 85 4.2.3. Pragmatismo y educación ...................................................................................... 87 4.2.4. Movimiento de los “Settlement” ........................................................................... 89 4.2.5. Movimiento de Higiene Mental ............................................................................. 90 4.3. Los inicios de la Terapia Ocupacional como profesión (1917) ......................................... 93 4.3.1. Creación de la primera organización profesional .................................................. 93 4.3.2. Inicios de la formación en Terapia Ocupacional .................................................. 103 4.4. Factores clave para la expansión de la Terapia Ocupacional ......................................... 111 4.4.1. Repercusión de la I Guerra Mundial .................................................................... 111 4.4.2. Repercusión de la II Guerra Mundial ................................................................... 115 5. LA TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL COMO PROFESIÓN EN ESPAÑA ................................................. 123 5.1. Factores contextuales en el origen de la profesión en España. ..................................... 123 5.1.1. Del siglo XIX hasta el comienzo de la Guerra Civil española en 1936 .................. 123 5.1.2. Desde la finalización de la Guerra Civil española hasta 1961. ............................. 150 5.2. Desarrollo educativo de la Terapia Ocupacional en España (1961-2007) ..................... 205 5.2.1. La Escuela de Terapia Ocupacional (1961-1998) ................................................. 206 5.2.2. Diplomatura Universitaria en Terapia Ocupacional (1990-2007) ........................ 268 5.2.3. El paso a Grado Universitario en Terapia Ocupacional (2007) ............................ 289 5.3. Organizaciones profesionales (1967-2007) .................................................................... 294 9 5.3.1. Asociación Española de Terapia Ocupacional (AETO, 1967-1987) ...................... 294 5.3.2. Asociación Profesional Española de Terapeutas Ocupacionales (APETO, 1987-2007) ........................................................................................................................................ 305 5.3.3. Asociaciones autonómicas y Colegios Profesionales (1983-2007) ...................... 307 5.4. Práctica profesional (1962-2007) ................................................................................... 312 5.4.1. El inicio de la actividad profesional (1962) .......................................................... 312 5.4.2. El desarrollo de la práctica profesional (1962-1986) ........................................... 317 5.4.3. Consolidación de la profesión (1986-2007) ......................................................... 335 5.5. Desarrollo científico y difusión del conocimiento .......................................................... 354 5.5.1. Formación postgrado ........................................................................................... 354 5.5.2. Investigación y publicaciones ............................................................................... 355 5.5.3. Congresos y Jornadas. .......................................................................................... 368 5.6. La profesionalización como experiencia vivida .............................................................. 371 5.6.1. Motivaciones ........................................................................................................ 372 5.6.2. La formación ........................................................................................................ 376 5.6.3. Ejercicio profesional ............................................................................................. 386 5.6.4. Reflexiones ........................................................................................................... 393 6. CONCLUSIONES ..................................................................................................................... 399 7. BIBLIOGRAFÍA ........................................................................................................................ 407 7.1. Fuentes ........................................................................................................................... 407 7.2. Bibliografía crítica ........................................................................................................... 413 8. ANEXOS.................................................................................................................................. 429 Anexo I. Datos profesionales básicos de los informantes ..................................................... 431 Anexo II. Guion de la entrevista semiestructurada ............................................................... 432 Anexo III. Informe de Mercedes Abella sobre su misión en España (OMS) .......................... 433 Anexo IV. Acta de la asignatura “Organización y administración de departamentos de
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