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Araneae, Salticidae) Three new genera of jumping spider from Brazil (Araneae, Salticidae) Gustavo R. S. Ruiz 1, 2 & Antonio D. Brescovit 1 1 Laboratório de Artrópodes, Instituto Butantan. Avenida Vital Brazil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. 2 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, 101, 05508-080 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT. Nosferattus gen. nov.., Capeta gen. nov. and Amatorculus gen. nov. are proposed from North and North- eastern Brazil. Due to the absence of teeth on the retromargin of the chelicerae, these genera are included within the Sitticinae, and are probably related to the genus Aillutticus Galiano, 1987, with which they share a high, broad carapace, rounded laterally behind the posterior lateral eyes, and the cephalic region slightly convex. Nosferattus is proposed to include five species: the type species Nosferattus discus sp. nov. and Nosferattus ciliatus sp. nov. from Maranhão, Nosferattus aegis sp. nov. from Tocantins, Nosferattus occultus sp. nov. from Maranhão and Ceará, and Nosferattus palmatus sp. nov. from Sergipe. Capeta and Amatorculus are both monotypic and are proposed to include Capeta tridens sp. nov.., from Bahia, and Amatorculus stygius sp. nov.., from Distrito Federal and São Paulo, respectively. KEY WORDS. Amycoida, neotropical, Sitticinae, systematics, taxonomy. RESUMO. Três gêneros novos de aranha papa-mosca do Brasil (Araneaeaneae, Salticidae). Nosferattus gen. nov.., Capeta gen. nov. e Amatorculus gen. nov. são propostos para o norte e nordeste do Brasil. Devido à ausência de dentes na retromargem das quelíceras, estes gêneros são incluídos entre os Sitticinae, e provavelmente estão relacionados ao gênero Aillutticus Galiano, 1987, com o qual compartilham uma carapaça alta e larga, arredonda- da lateralmente atrás dos olhos laterais posteriores, e a região cefálica levemente convexa. Nosferattus é proposto para incluir cinco espécies: a espécie-tipo Nosferattus discus sp. nov. e Nosferattus ciliatus sp. nov. do Maranhão, Nosferattus aegis sp. nov. do Tocantins, Nosferattus occultus sp. nov. do Maranhão e do Ceará, e Nosferattus palmatus sp. nov. de Sergipe. Capeta e Amatorculus são ambos monotípicos e são propostos para incluir Capeta tridens sp. nov.., da Bahia, e Amatorculus stygius sp. nov.., do Distrito Federal e de São Paulo, respectivamente. PALAVRAS CHAVE. Amycoida, neotropical, Sitticinae, sistemática, taxonomia. Despite recent advances in knowledge on the phylogeny of the Aillutticus, with which they share a high, broad carapace, rounded family Salticidae, there are still many unresolved relationships laterally behind the PLE, and the dorsal surface of the cephalic among its genera and higher taxonomic ranks. Within the region slightly convex (GALIANO 1987: figs 1, 2). On the other Amycoida (sensu MADDISON & HEDIN 2003), a single lineage lost hand, genital morphology is quite different from that of the teeth of the retromargin of the chelicerae (GALIANO 1987), Aillutticus, which supports the proposal of new genera. composing the subfamily Sitticinae (sensu PETRUNKEVITCH 1928). Although no observation has been made on the natural Although this group had its subfamily rank rejected without history of these new groups, GALIANO (1987) reported the hab- argumentation by GALIANO (1987), the term “sitticines” has still its of the species of Aillutticus, sitting on small rocks or gravel. been used (MADDISON 1988, 1996) to refer to these spiders, and All species here described were collected in pitfall traps, sug- MADDISON & HEDIN (2003) showed by molecular analysis that the gesting that they live on the ground, as observed by GALIANO sitticine genera they sampled (Jollas Simon, 1901 and Sitticus (1987) for the species of Aillutticus. Simon, 1901) grouped together. With a single invasion into the Old World (the Sitticus/ MATERIAL AND METHODS Attulus lineage), the sitticine group has flourished in the Neo- The material examined is deposited in the collections of tropical Region (MADDISON & HEDIN 2003), where it’s now reveal- the following institutions: Instituto Butantan (IBSP, A. D. ing a larger diversity than previously thought, as foreseen by Brescovit); Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo GALIANO (1987). In addition to Sitticus, Jollas, Semiopyla Simon, (MZSP, R. Pinto da Rocha); Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA, 1901, Pseudattulus Caporiacco, 1947 and Aillutticus Galiano, 1987, T.K. Brazil). the genera Nosferattus gen. nov., Capeta gen. nov. and The measurements are given in millimeters. Leg spinula- Amatorculus gen. nov. are described in this paper from the Neo- tion follows GALIANO (1987). The abbreviations used through- tropical Region. These three genera are presumably related to out the text are: (RTA) retrolateral tibial apophysis, (AME) an- Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 22 (3): 687–695, setembro 2005 688 G. R. S. Ruiz & A. D. Brescovit terior median eyes, (ALE) anterior lateral eyes, (PLE) posterior 1885 (BARNES 1955: fig. 7), which is in the Marpissinae. lateral eyes, (d) dorsal, (p) prolateral, (r) retrolateral, (v) ven- Distribution. Known only from North/Northeastern Bra- tral, (pr) proximal, (di) distal. zil (Maranhão, Ceará, Tocantins and Sergipe). Nosferattus gen. nov. Nosferattus discus sp. nov. Type species: Nosferattus discus sp. nov. Figs 1-5 Etymology. The generic name is an elision of the Roma- Types. Male holotype from Parque Nacional dos Lençóis nian mythical “Nosferatu” and the common ending for salticid Maranhenses (2°44’49”S, 42°49’39”W), Barreirinhas, Maranhão, genera “-attus”. The grammatical gender is masculine. Brazil, 12-18.X.2001, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 43784); allotype Diagnosis. Males of Nosferattus can be distinguished from (IBSP 43786) and two male and two female paratypes with the the remaining sitticine genera by the very flattened male palp, same data as holotype (IBSP 43782, 43790; MZSP 23698, 23699). with a long embolus that curls between the tegulum and the Etymology. The specific name is a Latin noun that means edge of the cymbium (Figs 2, 6, 10, 15, 17). Females can be “disc” and refers to the shape of the cymbium. distinguished by the very long and coiled copulation ducts, Diagnosis. Specimens of Nosferattus discus sp. nov. re- seen through the translucent integument of the epigynal plate semble those of N. aegis sp. nov. by the reduced RTA spurs, but (Figs 4, 8, 13, 19). differ by the retrolateral edge of the cymbium, which is closer Description. Small spiders (males 2.92-5.50 long, females to the edge of the tegulum in the males of N. discus (Fig. 2). 3.15-5.40 long), carapace high, broad, rounded laterally behind Females can be distinguished from N. aegis by the dark brown the PLE (Fig. 1), dorsal surface of the cephalic region slightly abdomen in dorsal view and by the narrower posterior border convex. Chelicerae small, parallel (except in Nosferattus ciliatus of the epigynal openings (Fig. 4). sp. nov., divergent), with 4-6 teeth on promargin, no conspicu- Description. Male (Fig. 1). Total length: 3.85. Carapace ous retromargin or any other modifications (except in males brown, 1.85 long, 1.40 wide, 1.00 high. Ocular quadrangle 0.80 of Nosferattus occultus sp. nov., see figure 12). Endites rectan- long. Anterior eye row 1.25 wide and posterior 1.12 wide. gular, with no conspicuous projection. Cymbium very large Cephalic region black. Two light brown stripes extending from when compared to body size (Fig. 1), dorsally covered with the PLE to the posterior edge of the carapace. Carapace later- dense white scales. A fringe of small hairs on the ventral edge ally covered with dense white hairs. Chelicerae yellow, varie- of the cymbium holds the curling embolus (Figs 2, 6, 10, 15, gated with brown, with 5 teeth on promargin. Palpi brown, 17). Embolus thin, filiform, very long, with 1.25 to 3.5 turns tibia and cymbium densely covered with white hairs. Legs yel- around the tegulum. RTA with spurs, which can be free in al- low, with brown spots. Length of patella + tibia: I 1.10, II 1.00, veoli (Figs 11, 16, 18) or fused (Figs 3, 7), fitting in a dorsal III 0.95, IV 1.80. Sternum, labium and endites light brown. retroproximal depression of the cymbium. Spinulation (varia- Abdomen pale cream, laterally and ventrally variegated with tions in parentheses). Male: femur I d1-1-1, p1di, r1di, II d1-1- brown and covered by a dark brown dorsal scutum. Anterior 1, p1di, r2di, III, IV d1-1-1, p2di, r2di; patella I, II, III, IV p1, r1; spinnerets yellow, posterior brown. tibia I, II d1pr, v1r-1r-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, III, IV d1pr, v1p-0-2, Female. Total length: 4.35. Carapace brown, 1.95 long, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; metatarsus I, II v2-2, p1-1, r1-1, III d2-2, v2-2, 1.50 wide, 1.00 high. Ocular quadrangle 0.87 long. Anterior p1-1, r1-1, IV d1-2, v1p-2, p1-1, r1-1. Female: femur I, II d1-1- eye row 1.30 wide and posterior 1.25 wide. Carapace totally 1, p1di, r1di, III d1-1-1, p2di (p1di), r1di, IV d1-1-1, p2di, r2di; covered with white and brown hairs. Chelicerae yellow, with 4 patella I, II 0, III, IV p1, r1; tibia I v1r-1r-2, p1-1-1, II v1r-1r-2, teeth on promargin, palpi yellow. Legs yellow, with brown rings. p1-1, III d1, v1p-1p, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, IV d1, v1p-0-2, p1-1-1, r1- Length of patella + tibia: I 1.05, II 0.95, III 0.95, IV 1.95. Ster- 1-1; metatarsus I, II v2-2, III v2di, p2-2, r2-2, IV v1pdi, p1-1-2, num, labium and endites yellow. Abdomen brown, dorsally r1-1-2. Abdomen covered dorsally by a smooth oval scutum in covered with brown hairs, laterally variegated, ventrally pale males (except in Nosferattus occultus sp.
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