POSTURE ANALYSIS
PRESENTED BY MWADZIWANA LOUIS LAW WHAT IS POSTURE ?
• Posture is a position of greatest efficiency, around your center of gravity, with muscles on all sides, exerting pull equally. CORRECT POSTURE
Correct posture “Position in which minimum stress is placed on each joint.” (Magee) Maintains the natural curves
Faulty posture Any position that increases stress on joints Create muscle imbalances, ligamentous tension, circulatory occlusion CAUSES OF POOR POSTURE
• Positional factors/Habitual • Appearance of increased height (social stigma) • Muscle imbalances/contractures • Pain e.g. ICD pleural effusion • Respiratory conditions CAUSES OF POOR POSTURE
• Structural factors • Congenital anomalies • Developmental problems • Trauma • Disease FACTORS AFFECTING POSTURAL ANALYSIS
• Subject must be minimally clothed • The subject must assume a comfortable and relaxed posture • Subjects who use orthotic or assistive devices should be assessed with and without them to determine their effectiveness in correcting posture. • relevant medical history and other information THE SPINAL COLUMN
• Primary curves • Thoracic spine • Sacrum
• Secondary curves • Cervical spine • Lumbar spine LATERAL VIEW
• Head and neck: • Plumb line: The line falls through the ear lobe to the acromion process.
• Common faults include: • Forward head: • Flattened lordotic cervical curve • Excessive Lordotic curve LATERAL VIEW
Shoulder: • Plumb line: It falls through the acromion process.
• Common faults include: • Forward shoulders • Lumbar Lordosis LATERAL VIEW
• Thoracic vertebrae • Plumb line: The line bisects the chest symmetrically.
• Common faults • Kyphosis • Pectus excavatum (Funnel chest) • Barrel chest • Pectus cavinatum (Pigeon chest) LATERAL VIEW
• Lumbar vertebrae: • Plumb Line: The line falls midway between the abdomen and back and slightly anterior to the sacroiliac Joint.
• Common faults include: • Lordosis • Sway back • Flat back LATERAL VIEW
• Pelvis and hip: • Plumb Line: The line falls slightly anterior to the sacroiliac joint and posterior to the hip joint, through the greater trochanter, creating an extension moment.
• Common faults include: • Anterior pelvic tilt • Posterior pelvic tilt LATERAL VIEW
• Knee: • Plumb line: The line passes slightly anterior to the midline of the knee, creating an extension moment.
• Common faults include: • Genu recurvatum • Flexed knee LATERAL VIEW
• Ankle: • Plumb line: The line lies slightly anterior to the lateral malleolus, aligned with tuberosity of 5th metatarsal.
• Common faults include: • Forward posture: POSTERIOR VIEW
• Head and neck: • Plumb line: The midline bisects the head through the external occipital protuberance; head is usually positioned squarely over the shoulders so that eyes remain level. • Common faults include: • Head tilt • Head rotated • Adducted scapulae • Abducted scapulae • Winging of the scapulae: POSTERIOR VIEW
• Trunk • Plumb Line: The line bisects the spinous process of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. • Common faults include: • Lateral deviation (Scoliosis) POSTERIOR VIEW
• Pelvis and Hip: • Plumb line: The line bisects the gluteal cleft and the posterior superior iliac spines are on the same horizontal plane; the iliac crests, gluteal folds and greater trochanters are level. • Common faults include: • Lateral pelvic tilt • Pelvic rotation • Abducted hip POSTERIOR VIEW
• Knee • Plumb Line: The plumb line lies, equidistant between the knees. • Common faults include: • Genu varum • Genu Valgum POSTERIOR VIEW
• Ankle and Foot • Plumb line: The line is equidistant from the malleoli, a line (Feiss’) is drawn from the medial malleolus to the first metatarsal bone and the tuberosity of the navicular bone lies on the line. • Common faults include: • Pes planus (Pronated) • Pes Cavus (supinated) ANTERIOR VIEW
• Head and Neck: • Plumb Line: The line bisects the head at the midline into equal halves. Common faults include: • Lateral Tilt • Rotation • Mandibular asymmetry ANTERIOR VIEW
• Shoulders: • Plumb Line: A vertical line bisects the sternum and xiphoid process. • It may be due to: • Dropped or elevated shoulder • Clavicle and joint asymmetry ANTERIOR VIEW
• Elbows: • Common faults include: • Cubitus valgus: The forearm deviates laterally from the arm at angle greater than 15° (female) and 10° (male). It may be due to: • Elbow hyperextension. • Distal displacement of trochlea in relation to capitulum of humerus. • Stretched ulnar collateral ligament. • Cubitus varus ANTERIOR VIEW
• Hip • Plumb line: Common faults include: • Lateral rotation • Medial rotation ANTERIOR VIEW
• Knee: • Plumb Line: The legs are equidistant from a vertical line through the body. • Common Faults include: • External tibial torsion • Internal tibial torsion ANTERIOR VIEW
• Ankle and Foot: • Plumb line: Common Faults include: • Hallux valgus: • Hammer toes LATERAL VIEW POSTERIOR VIEW ANTERIOR VIEW REFERENCES
• Lynn S. Lippert, Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy 2006 • Chaplin, Lori, MS, Maloney, Ryan “Picture Perfect Posture” IDEA Personal Trainer, Sept 2002 •THANK YOU