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Catholic Ideals and Populist Self Help : Ideology and Action in The s National Libracy' Bblioth+e nationale + )+i ' du Canada 1*1 of Canada I Canadian Theses Seeice Service des th&sesecanad~ennes' - t I - ottawa. 'canada KIA ON4 - ~he.~ualit~ofthis microform isheavi~~dependent upon the La quallt6 be cette microformqdepend &andement de la - quality+gf the original thesis submitted for microfilming. qualit6 de laIh&e soumise au microfilmage Wdus avons - Evweffort has been made to ensure iti6 highest quality of tout fait pour assurer une quatit4 sup6rieure de reproduc reproduction possible. , tion - I ' I! I! pages are missing, contact the university which granted . S'd manqlje des pages. 'veuiflez odrnmuntquer avcc the degree. I'universitk qui a confkrh le grp 4 * Som'e pages may have ind~stiqctprint especially ,if the Laq"alit6 dimp;ession de certain- pages peut laisser 3 original pages were typed with a poor mewriter ribbon or dbsirer, surtout si les page ales ont 416 dactylogra if !he universitysent usan interior photocopy. phiees I'aide d'un ruban u si runiversitk nous a fa11 n parvenir une photocopte de qualit6 infkneure - soumise a la Loi canadle~esur le droit dauleur, SRC stttrsequent amenpments 1970;~ C-30, et ses amendements subsbquents e > - CATFOLIC IDEALS 'AND POPULIST ,SELF HELP: IDEOLOGY AND ACTION IN THE ANTIGONISH ,, CO-OPERATIVE; AltllL'r EltlJCATTDN MOVEMENT IN EASTERN NOVA'SCOTIA, 1920--1940 3 / - - ") j/' RONALD NORMAN MCGIVERN I - 4 / B.A., Simon Fraser University, 1984 . /' - P /'* t * ,/ - / , - A THESIS SU,BMITTED IN PART1 FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREME - - MASTER OF ARTS /.i - in the 1 of - -- /' Soc~ologyand ~nfhropolbgy - / ' * /' - / / @ Ronald ,Norman McGivern SIMOM FRASER UNIVERSITY t '4 August ,- 1990 11 - D All'rights reserved- I This work may not be reproduced in whole +F in part, by phofocopy - - or other means, without permission of the. author ~admalLibrary Biblioth&ue nationale' f 1 ,,&canad= 4 du Canada / Canadian Theses Sewice Service des tMses canaeennes J The author fias granted an irrevocable non- L'auteur a accord6 une ficence irr&mable et exclusive licence allowing the National Library nbn exclusive perrnettant A la BiblioWque of canadaktoreprod-, ban, distribute w sell , natbde du Canada de reproduire, preter, copies of hidher thesis by any means and in distribuer ou vendre.des copies,de sa these any form or format, making this thesis avaie de quelque maniere et sous quelque forme to interested persons. - que ce soit pour mettre des exemplaires tle C cette these,a la disposition des personnes - - interessees. The author etains ownership of the copyright - L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'cuteur in his/her thesis. Neither the thesis nor qui protQe sa these. Ni la th&e ni des extraits substantial extracts from it may be,printed or substantiels de celle-ci ne doivent 6tfe , otherwise reproduced without hlslher per- imprimes ocr autrement repcoduits sans son mission. - ISBN - NAME : Ronald McGi ~ern .n DEGREE : Master of Arts TITLE THESIS : Catholic Ideals and '~opulist Self el p: ldeology . and Action .in the Antigonish Cooperative, Adult Education Movement in. Eastern Nova Scatia, 1920-190 - EXAMINING COMMITTEE: - Chai rperson : Michael Kenny - John hitw worth ' Sehior Supervise; Robert ~fllie- supervisory ~ommee - Rennie Warburton , External Examiner Dept. of Sociology The University of Victoria - DATE APPROVED: -4 1 hereby grant to f imon ,Fraser.. Univers ity the right to lend 1 * \ my thesi si prdject or. extended essay (the title of whrch ,is "shownp below) , . to users of the Simon ~ras~rlln iversity Libracy, and to mawartial or I # . I - 1 &ngle. cqp'ies only for buth users or in response to_ a reqlest frnorn th; library of any other university, or other educationql institution, on - ) i its own behalf, or for one of its users. I further agree that pern~issiun I - I far multiple copying of this'work for scholarly purposes day be granted I .+ - - - - A -- , by me or-the Dean of Graduate studies. I t i 5 understood tThat-copying @ IS or publication of this work for financial .gain shall not ,.be allowed t 1 without my written permission. -, 1 Title of Thesis/Project/Extended Essay ' 1 1 4I - 1 P ~atholii Ideals and ~opulist Sel f He1 p: Ideology ' j + - I and Action in the Antigonish Cooperative, Adult 1 t 'V ,Education Movement in Eastern Nova Scotia, 1920-1944 1 1 Author: Ronald MCG~vern -- (name) August. 16, 1990 (date) ABSTRACT - - i' I -. 'The focus of the thesi* is the Antig7 nish Movement, a - 1 Catholic inspired co-op'erative, adult education moveme"t in e i- +astern NO$ Scatia- that substantially altered the .socib-L * i ed ac.onomic relationships of the farmers, fishermen, and miners . - within the- - many communities it reached. %Thethesis explores- --&-- the relatalonship betugen th'e belief system of Catholic 0 - soclal theology and populist reform ideology =in the shaping 2 r~fthe Antigonlsh +Movement as a distinct kve-social movement. It examines the nature of the inter--relationship between ideology and organizational structure through an analysis of, C f how both the leaders, a cadre of priest-intellectuals from St Francis Xavier University, and the lay-members of the Ant igonish Movempnt : a) defined the socio-economic t problems . of eastern Nova Scotia; b) defined the solutions to these - - problems; c) acted as the agency of change in effecting w these solutions and; d) reacted, in differing ways at the Z , cornmunit? level, to the program of cooperative action and ad111t education-- offered . The introductory chapter situates the Antigonish Movement'within the social history of the region and within the framework of Catholic theology and related social act ion. Next, the analytical framework~employed in the thesis is located in the historico-sociological tradLtion of - studies f religiously inspired socialmovements. The substantive chapters utilize this framework in the analysis of the origins; development., and stru~t~ureof the * ' Antigonish Movement. First, the ideological baiis of. the \ '+&- - - .' i4 E I \ \ - -- - -- - - - - - - - - +i- - Antigoni3h Movement is $xamiped. Next. the speolfid social - -- technologies cadre of priest-intellebtw and Catholic to implemen \ ideological blueprint of Tociety are- analyze he fopus 1s 4L . I on they -t his vision of i - t .- four outlines the results $f the Ant It i critical examination of the reasons -- - - and- failures of the moveme*. The conclusions focus \oh the ab y of ideologically I insiired movements Po estab:l+sh and mpintaini divergent '9 1 t patterns of social and econbmia arrangements ,Githin the 8 with particular emphas/is on dhe importhce of recognizing b ideology 4s at once arlurcc of blueprlnts fr change and f - \, a stimulus towards posefui. #progrzimned suc a1 action. \>, I - I 7Y. e . l . - 0 t I \ * - , 14', 1 / 0 I .# 9 + - - 6 - N support - and prodding - provlded by Dr. .lohn Whi twnrth I:; a. % debt 'T' humbly aclcnawl~d~e.'iile input qf Pi-otessor. fi. ' - , - - - -Wyllle,,and Dr. M.irh_eal Kenny was lnstrurngntal ~rlthe Y I.. '", dcveJopment' of this +thk%is.- .Jesy ~ordanand f.hr1 s Ward . cheerfully gulded,' C me through the blireaucra t lc maze known rjs f by *graduate. studies . 'The lnancral support, provr~d~d t.h~ L A' A L. , * ' ~g~artmknt,of, Sociology and Anthropology, the U,fYlc~iok . -. B ':ontlnuing --Studies, 'the liftlce ot thG .'Dean c#f f;raduat,ta - . ii ,'i Studies; and S.F.1). Financial Aid and &wards allnwsd me 1 I: 4 \ , 91 - 'h feed mjr children- during thyis ordeanl. , . .. \. \ (-'hap tar One a INTRODUCTION TO THE THESlS QUESTION 1 Outline of the Early de~~elopmentof the 'p * Antigonish Movement 4 P Review of the Literature 13 / Method 27 I - - . F ('hapker I'wo THE IDEOLOGICAL BASIS-OE 'THE ANTIGONISH ! BP MOVEMENT f 39 ~recZnhitionsof the ~ntigonishModmen?' 58" - - P Th? Founding of the Antigonish Mouement 69- lT t,ar t~l-'i'hree ' IUEOL~GYAND ADULT DUCATI ION : THE, SOCIAL - - - - - - -- TECHNOLOGIES OF THE ANTIGONISfl HOVBHBNT 77 - ---- - --% - Adult Education as Ideological Purpose 9% \ r'hript er 'r our 1DEqOGY AND ACT1ON:'RESULTS AND NON'RESULTS OF THE ANTIGONISH HOVEHENT 103 4, Results 6f the Antigonish Movement -. - ' ' TP,~.Antigonish 'Mnv&rnent- ~ :~s~g;Pr~pulis+, . -. .Mc~vernent, l:,$li-- . '1 -L . - - >. - " , ' . * \ ~ k e r ct ri (2 i 1 i r~k; P r e v i 1-1 u Y; Id (:&I-k 5; Q 11 t, 1, c - e I .~ , - ~ Ant, i g~:~ri-ishMovement. 1 ij.15 -. The importance ob';&liglon in early twentieth century Cmadian society is Hell ocumented. 1 Hawever, this ' thes'is is a codtribution to a p eviously neg'lected area of the +-- - P- A - - - 3. - -- -- - - sd&iology 'of religion in Canada. It is an attempt to . - understand the relationshipb between the distinctive id&ologies of catholic social theory and-populist . - regionalism, and a co-operative reform aAd educational movement that floupished in eastern Nova Scotia from the 1920's'to.the 1940's. Known _as the ~ntigonishMovement, it a originated out of the Extension Department of St. Francis I - Xavier University in Antigonish,- Nova Sc0ti.a. At i-ts peak, P *' in 1938, it boasted over -10,000 members, 1,100 study clubs, 142 c'redit unions, and over 78 formal economic ventures -2 - 1 1) Beligion was a primary social force in Canada at the turn of the century and for several decades afterwards. The well known ' social, gospel ' 'movemgnt. that swept across North America, influenced the social fabric of the Canadian west in particular. This was aft-attempt by the Protestant churches to /inf;se Chgistiah,social principles into the new,. de&ederate, 'frontier' th&y pereeived around them. The - movement~quicklyturned to harsh-yriticism of society and * attempts 'to redress the abuses of ~apitalismon society and the worker. The Co-operative ~hmmonwea-yderation has honorable roots within the social~gospeeYtZitioii-Severala workston the social gospel are available .including Richard Passion, - - Gospel,-- Allen's The Sn-1 (197-lJ, and The-S-oeial k- C-, C-, 1975.
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