DOCSLIB.ORG

Finds from Anglo-Scandinavian York A.J. Mainman and N. S. H. Rogers the Archaeology of York

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Finds from Anglo-Scandinavian York A.J. Mainman and N. S. H. Rogers the Archaeology of York The Archaology of York The Small Finds 17/14 CRAFT, INDUSTRY AND EVERYDAY LIFE Finds from Anglo-Scandinavian York A.J. Mainman and N. S. H. Rogers The Archaeology of York Volume 17: The Small Finds General Editor P.V. Addyman © York Archaeological Trust for Excavation and Research 2000 Published by Council for British Archaeology Bowes Morrell House 111 Walmgate York YO1 9WA The Archaeology of York Vol.17: The Small Finds Fasc.14: Craft, Industry and Everyday Life: Finds from Anglo-Scandinavian York 936.2’843 First published in print format 2000 ISBN 978-1 874454 52 6 e-book ISBN 1 902771 11 7 (softback) Cover design: Charlotte Bentley; photographs: Simon I. Hill FRPS (Scire- bröc) Craft, Industry and Everyday Life: Finds from Anglo-Scandinavian York By A.J. Mainman and N.S.H. Rogers Published for York Archaeological Trust by the 2000 Council for British Archaeology Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................2451 Archaeological Introductions to the Sites ..........................................................................................................2455 The Conservation and Identification of the Finds by J.A. Spriggs with contributions on the amber and jet by I. Panter ....................................................................................................................................................................2466 Craft and Industry ......................................................................................................................................................2475 Evidence Relating to Metalworking ...................................................................................................................2475 Non-ferrous metalworking ............................................................................................................................2475 The manufacture of lead alloy dress accessories in the Coppergate area ...............................................2478 Ferrous metalworking with a contribution on the geology of the hones by G.D. Gaunt ...............................2479 Evidence for Manufacture Using Materials other than Metal ........................................................................2498 Personal ornament and dress accessories ....................................................................................................2498 Evidence for jet and shale working .........................................................................................................2498 Amber working with a contribution on amber working tools and techniques by I. Panter ......................2501 Glass Manufacturing Evidence by J. Bayley and R. Doonan ..............................................................................2519 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................2519 High-lead glass working in York ...................................................................................................................2520 The Coppergate and Piccadilly high-lead glass ..........................................................................................2520 Alkali glass melting .........................................................................................................................................2525 Dating the glass working ................................................................................................................................2528 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................................................2528 Evidence for Textile Production ..........................................................................................................................2528 Spinning equipment with a contribution on the stone spindle whorls by P. Walton Rogers .........................2528 Weaving equipment ........................................................................................................................................2533 Stitching equipment ........................................................................................................................................2533 Finishing equipment .......................................................................................................................................2534 Evidence Relating to Fishing ...............................................................................................................................2534 Discussion ...............................................................................................................................................................2535 Everyday Life ...............................................................................................................................................................2537 Household Equipment .........................................................................................................................................2537 Glass vessels by M. Stiff ...................................................................................................................................2537 Stone vessels .....................................................................................................................................................2541 Stone lamps .......................................................................................................................................................2544 Spoons ...............................................................................................................................................................2547 Querns ...............................................................................................................................................................2547 Structural Fittings and Furnishings ....................................................................................................................2552 Fittings ...............................................................................................................................................................2552 Studs with a contribution by M.E. Hutchinson ................................................................................................2554 Mounts ..............................................................................................................................................................2555 Binding ..............................................................................................................................................................2556 Rings ..................................................................................................................................................................2556 Double-spiked loop .........................................................................................................................................2556 Nails ...................................................................................................................................................................2556 Clench bolts ......................................................................................................................................................2557 Perforated strips ...............................................................................................................................................2557 Miscellaneous non-ferrous objects ................................................................................................................2557 Horse Harness ........................................................................................................................................................2558 Trade and Exchange ..............................................................................................................................................2559 Balances .............................................................................................................................................................2559 Weights...............................................................................................................................................................2561 Gaming.Pieces.........................................................................................................................................................2564 Stone.counters...................................................................................................................................................2564 Pottery.and.tile.counters..................................................................................................................................2566 Stone.playing.pieces.........................................................................................................................................2566 Jet.and.shale.playing.pieces............................................................................................................................2567 Personal.Ornament.and.Dress.Accessories........................................................................................................2568 Buckles................................................................................................................................................................2568
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 the Effect of Scandinavian Raiders on the English and Irish Churches: a Preliminary Reassessment
    Cambridge University Press 052157319X - Britain and Ireland, 900–1300: Insular Responses to Medieval European Change Edited by Brendan Smith Excerpt More information 1 The effect of Scandinavian raiders on the English and Irish churches: a preliminary reassessment Alfred P. Smyth Assessments of the effects of Scandinavian raiders in the ninth and tenth centuries have focused for over three decades on an agenda set by revisionist historians ± an agenda which has obscured and sometimes trivialized many of the complex issues involved in an analysis of annal- istic and other records. An over-zealous approach, driven by a desire to show that Scandinavian raiders were not numerous and that they were no more destructive to church property and personnel than were the native Christian opposition, has too often led to conclusions which ¯y in the face of historical evidence and common sense. Revisionists must also take responsibility for polarizing historical arguments in relation to the destructive power of the Northmen. In their zeal to promote an image of Scandinavian raiders as yet one more political, cultural and religious grouping in Western Europe ± little different fromtheir Christian neighbours in most respects ± they either minimized evidence which did not ®t their preconceptions or else they distracted historians' attention away fromthose negative effects which Vikings wrought on Western society, to concentrate on the economic and material bene®ts which later Scandinavian colonists supposedly brought to a conquered people. At best, the books in `Viking' studies fail to balance: at worst they are intellectually cooked. The self-congratulatory mood of post-revisionists in medieval Irish studies gives cause for concern, not least because of serious shortcom- ings in the intellectual debate.1 There is little disagreement over the fact that in all parts of the Christian West, indigenous violent elements existed long before Northmen arrived in the ninth century, and I have long ago shown how several aspects of Norse kingship and warrior cults 1 See P.
    [Show full text]
  • 19134 Ymt Museum Volunteer
    Whitby Museum, Whitby (FREE entry + 1 guest) Withernsea Lighthouse Museum, Withernsea (FREE entry) PARTICIPATING www.whitbymuseum.org.uk • Tel: 01947 602908 www.withernsealighthouse.co.uk • Tel: 01964 614834 Workhouse Museum, Ripon (FREE entry + 1 guest) Yorkshire Waterways Museum, Goole MUSEUMS www.riponmuseums.co.uk • Tel: 01765 690799 (FREE entry + FREE tea/coffee + 25% off day visit boat trips) Yorkshire Museum of Farming, Murton, York www.waterwaysmuseum.org.uk • Tel: 01405 768730 (FREE entry, excluding Santa Special) www.murtonpark.co.uk • Tel: 01904 489966 SOUTH YORKSHIRE NORTH YORKSHIRE EAST YORKSHIRE & NORTH LINCOLNSHIRE Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield (FREE entry) www.simt.co.uk • Tel: 0114 236771 Beck Isle Museum of Rural Life, Pickering (FREE entry) Baysgarth House Museum, Barton upon Humber www.beckislemuseum.org.uk • Tel: 01751 473653 (FREE entry + 10% discount in shop) www.champltd.org • Tel: 01652 637568 Cannon Hall Museum, Barnsley (FREE entry + 10% discount in shop) www.cannon-hall.com • Tel: 01226790270 Captain Cook Memorial Museum, Whitby (Free entry) Burton Constable Hall, nr Skirlaugh (FREE entry, excluding special www.cookmuseumwhitby.co.uk • Tel: 01947 601900 events) www.burtonconstable.com • Tel: 01964 562400 Cooper Gallery, Barnsley (FREE entry + 10% discount in shop) www.cooper-gallery.com • Tel: 01226 242905 Courthouse Museum, Ripon (FREE entry + 1 guest) Epworth Old Rectory, Epworth (FREE entry-excluding special events) www.riponmuseums.co.uk • Tel: 01765 690799 www.epwortholdrectory.org.uk • Tel: 01427
    [Show full text]
  • Accreditation Scheme for Museums and Galleries in the United Kingdom: Collections Development Policy
    Accreditation Scheme for Museums and Galleries in the United Kingdom: Collections development policy 1 Collections development policy Name of museum: Doncaster Museum Service Name of governing body: Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council Date on which this policy was approved by governing body: January 24th 2013 Date at which this policy is due for review: January 2018 1. Museum’s statement of purpose The Museum Service primarily serves those living in the Doncaster Metropolitan Borough area and those connected to the King‟s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry* and believes that its purpose can by summed up in four words : Engage, Preserve, Inspire, Communicate * The King‟s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry Museum has its own Collections Development Policy, but is included in the 2013-16 Forward Plan and therefore the Museum Service‟s statement of purpose. 2. An overview of current collections. Existing collections, including the subjects or themes and the periods of time and /or geographic areas to which the collections relate 2.0 At present (2012) the following collections have a member of staff with expertise in that particular field. Social History (including costume and photographs) Archaeology (Including Antiquities) World Cultures Fine and Decorative Arts Other collections are not supported by in-house expertise. For these we would actively look to recruit volunteers or honorary curators with knowledge relevant to these collections. We would also look to apply for grants to take on a temporary staff member to facilitate the curation of these collections. We would also look at accessing external expertise and working in partnership with other organisations and individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • 9 June–21 June 2015 Talks/Exhibitions/Theatre/Music/Film Yorkfestivalofideas.Com
    9 June–21 June 2015 Talks/Exhibitions/Theatre/Music/Film yorkfestivalofideas.com Preview From Friday 29 May look out for the special preview events including Michael Morpurgo, Goalball and Science out of the Lab YORK FESTIVAL OF IDEAS 2015 HEADLINE SPONSOR As a continuing Headline Sponsor, The Holbeck Charitable Trust is delighted to see York Festival of Ideas go from strength to strength. The programme for 2015 offers a stimulating and diverse series of events, workshops, talks, performances and exhibitions. We applaud the Festival’s determination to remain as widely accessible as practicable by staging so many events where entry is free. We are proud to support the team’s ambition to develop a festival which, in time, should become a mainstay of the national cultural calendar. 2 yorkfestivalofideas.com York Festival of Ideas 2015 Contents EXPLORING IDEAS OF Calendar of events 4 SECRETS AND DISCOVERIES Festival launch 10 FESTIVAL THEMES Curiouser and Curiouser 11 Welcome to the world of ‘Secrets and doing so we are stronger and more captivating. Discovering York 16 The Art of Communication 20 Discoveries’ seen through the lens of York Most of all we believe that we are a more Festival of Ideas. A world where audiences of compelling festival because our audiences are Science out of the Lab 24 all ages and interests can participate in over driven by an innate sense of curiosity. It is Revealing the Ancient World 26 100 free events encompassing art and design, notable that every year high-profile speakers, Eoforwic 28 the economy and equality, food and health, who regularly speak at international festivals, Behind the Lens 34 performance and poetry, the past and the comment on the originality and intelligence of Hidden Histories 36 future, security and surveillance, truth and the questions they are asked by York Festival of Culture and Identity 40 trust, technology and the environment, and Ideas audiences.
    [Show full text]
  • 62-68 Low Petergate, York
    YORK ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST 62-68 LOW PETERGATE, YORK Principal author Ben Reeves WEB PUBLICATION Report Number AYW7 2006 YORK ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST York Archaeological Trust undertakes a wide range of urban and rural archaeological consultancies, surveys, evaluations, assessments and excavations for commercial, academic and charitable clients. We manage projects, provide professional advice and fieldwork to ensure a high quality, cost effective archaeological and heritage service. Our staff have a considerable depth and variety of professional experience and an international reputation for research, development and maximising the public, educational and commercial benefits of archaeology. Based in York, Sheffield, Nottingham and Glasgow the Trust’s services are available throughout Britain and beyond. York Archaeological Trust, Cuthbert Morrell House, 47 Aldwark, York YO1 7BX Phone: +44 (0)1904 663000 Fax: +44 (0)1904 663024 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.yorkarchaeology.co.uk © 2018 York Archaeological Trust for Excavation and Research Limited Registered Office: 47 Aldwark, York YO1 7BX A Company Limited by Guarantee. Registered in England No. 1430801 A registered Charity in England & Wales (No. 509060) and Scotland (No. SCO42846) York Archaeological Trust i CONTENTS ABOUT THIS PDF ..............................................................................................................................................II 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Environment and Activity in the Coppergate Area of York in the Post-Conquest Period: Draft Post-Excavation Project Design
    Reports from the Environmental Archaeology Unit, York 97/2, 22 pp. Environment and activity in the Coppergate area of York in the post-Conquest period: draft post-excavation project design by Keith Dobney, Allan Hall and Harry Kenward Summary Following assessments of the bio- and geoarchaeological potential of samples of deposits of post- Conquest date from a number of sites in the Coppergate-Piccadilly-Pavement area of York, a post- excavation project design is presented. It is proposed that, in addition to reconstruction of the implications of the data at the context and feature level, there should be emphasis on analysis of change through time (especially in the period following the Norman Conquest), of use of space, and of relationships between functional areas in this crucial area of the city. Keywords: 16-22 COPPERGATE; YORK; PROJECT DESIGN; NORMAN CONQUEST; MEDIEVAL; POST- MEDIEVAL; OCCUPATION DEPOSITS; SEDIMENTS; PLANT REMAINS; PARASITIC WORMS; INSECT REMAINS; MOLLUSCS; TIME TRENDS Authors’ address: Prepared for: Environmental Archaeology Unit English Heritage University of York 23 Savile Row Heslington London W1X 1AB York YO1 5DD Telephone: (01904) 433843-51 Fax: (01904) 433850 24 March 1997 Reports from the EAU, York 97/2 Post-excavation project design: Coppergate post-Conquest environment: DRAFT Environment and activity in the Coppergate area of York in the post-Conquest period: draft post-excavation project design 1 Background least a modest programme of work on samples from the ABC Cinema site, which is 1.1 Introduction effectively part of the same area of occupation, and from some adjacent minor sites. Addyman and Hall (1991) have emphasised the importance of the area of central York Work on three of the sites considered here was between the rivers Foss and Ouse in early undertaken before the introduction of the medieval period, building on a seminal study Management of Archaeological Projects by Radley (1971).
    [Show full text]
  • Sound Tour Programme and Guide
    Virtual Audio and Past Environments SOUND TOUR OF THE CITY OF YORK Monday 17 th March 7 pm – 9.45pm National Centre for Early Music York SCHEDULE 7pm STATION 1: National Centre for Early Music Croisda Liom A Cadal from Dusk Songs by Kerry Andrew performed by the Ebor Singers [Follow red line on map and proceed to]: 7.45pm STATION 2: Bedern Hall A Sense of Place [Revisited II]: Damian Murphy , Mark Hildred and John Oxley. [Follow purple line on map and proceed to]: 8.25pm STATION 3: Number 3, Blake Street States of Being: Angie Atmadjaja [Follow green line on map and proceed to]: 9pm STATION 4: York Minster Service of Compline - Quire: including introit and anthems sung by the Ebor Singers Private Performance - Chapter House: Croisda Liom A Cadal from Dusk Songs by Kerry Andrew from 9.45pm (approx) Drinks at the Yorkshire Terrier – Stonegate Station 1: National Centre for Early Music The National Centre for Early Music is created from the medieval church of St Margaret’s - an important historic church, which lies within the City Walls and which was empty since the 1960s. Used as a theatrical store by the York Theatre Royal up until 1996, St Margaret’s was one of the last two churches in the city of York that remained un-restored. The church is of considerable architectural significance - its most distinguishing features being an ornate Romanesque porch from the 12th century, with carvings of mythological beasts - and an unusual brick bell tower. The National Centre for Early Music is administered by a registered charity, the York Early Music Foundation.
    [Show full text]
  • York-Cat-Trail-Leaflet.Pdf
    THE YORK CAT STORY Cats have played a part in York’s history and luck has been linked with them since records began. Cats always land on their feet and having nine lives is a piece of luck that we can all relate to. FREE York Glass is the home of York Lucky Cats where we celebrate the York Cat story. Statues of cats have been placed on buildings in York for around two Centuries, although statues since removed or rotted are thought to date from medieval times. The original cat statues were placed on buildings to York Glass is found in a beautiful frighten away rats and mice which can carry plague listed building in the middle of and illness. They were also thought to ward off Shambles which is at the heart of ‘Olde’ York. The traditional shop window displays a vivid, wandering evil spirits and generally to bestow good PRESENTS luck and good health on citizens who needed feline colourful and changing mixture of products. We sell gifts, friends to ensure a good nights sleep in old and predominantly in Glass for all occasions. Handmade glass jewellery with Murano beads, friendship globes, spun glass, temptingly chewy timber framed buildings! fused glass, crystal glass, glass Christmas trees, glass York Lucky Cats are small hand-made flowers, glass hearts, glass nail files! Glass is our thing. glass cats which are available in twelve We are a small group and are passionate about offering THE jewel-like colours that match the gem the best products at competitive prices and we pack it with care too! stones considered lucky for each www.
    [Show full text]
  • This Northern England City Called York Or Jorvik, During the Viking Age, Is Quite Medieval in Terms of Cultural History
    History of York, England This northern England city called York or Jorvik, during the Viking age, is quite medieval in terms of cultural history. York is a tourist‐oriented city with its Roman and Viking heritage, 13th century walls, Gothic cathedrals, railroad station, museum‐gardens an unusual dinner served in a pub, and shopping areas in the Fossgate, Coppergate and Piccadilly area of the city. Brief History of York According to <historyofyork.org> (an extensive historical source), York's history began with the Romans founding the city in 71AD with the Ninth Legion comprising 5,000 men who marched into the area and set up camp. York, then was called, "Eboracum." After the Romans abandoned Britain in 400AD, York became known as "Sub Roman" between the period of 400 to 600AD. Described as an "elusive epoch," this was due to little known facts about that period. It was also a time when Germanic peoples, Anglo‐Saxons, were settling the area. Some archaeologists believe it had to do with devasting floods or unsettled habitation, due to a loss of being a trading center then. The rivers Ouse and Foss flow through York. <historyofyork.org> Christianity was re‐established during the Anglo‐Saxon period and the settlement of York was called "Eofonwic." It is believed that it was a commercial center tied to Lundenwic (London) and Gipeswic (Ipswich). Manufacturing associated with iron, lead, copper, wool, leather and bone were found. Roman roads made travel to and from York easier. <historyofyork.org> In 866AD, the Vikings attacked. Not all parts of England were captured, but York was.
    [Show full text]
  • 03 Blackburn 1731 5/1/10 08:37 Page 43
    03 Blackburn 1731 5/1/10 08:37 Page 43 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS 2008 CURRENCY UNDER THE VIKINGS. PART 5: THE SCANDINAVIAN ACHIEVEMENT AND LEGACY MARK BLACKBURN THE previous lectures in this series have considered the currency in particular regions of the British Isles during periods of Scandinavian control. In this final address I would like to take stock more generally of the Scandinavian contribution to the monetary history of the British Isles. I will review the distinctive monetary achievements of the Scandinavian settlers in these islands, considering the extent to which these influenced their neighbouring communities, and their successors in later generations. In essence, the question posed is ‘What was the Scandinavian legacy?’.1 It has been unkindly said of the Suevi of Spain that the course of history would not have changed one iota if they had never existed.2 Might the same comment be made of the Scandinavians in the British Isles? Well, clearly not, as even today there are discernible fea- tures of language, street names, place-names and culture showing Scandinavian traits in regions such as Yorkshire. And they have left a distinct trail in the genetic make up of many people in Britain and Ireland. But was there an enduring influence on monetary circulation and the monetary system? To take a possible example, there is a very clear difference in the number and distribution of mints in England before and after the period of Scandinavian control of the Danelaw; but to what extent did the Vikings contribute to this change? In other parts of the British Isles, how influential were the Scandinavians in introducing the use of money? The term ‘money’ here has a wider meaning than mere coinage.
    [Show full text]
  • Inscriptions and Communication in Anglo-Saxon England
    TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE 1 Arrived at the end of what I always liked to call ‘my adventure in the Netherlands’, I realize that the people I would like to thank are so many that it will be impossible to name them all in this short preface. First of all, I would like to thank Dr. Marco Mostert for his constant supervision. His comments, always delivered with kindness and accuracy, have helped me in making this thesis a better work and me, I hope, a better student. I would also like to express my gratitude to Prof. Rolf Bremmer at Universiteit Leiden for his support. His unexpected invitation to see the Leiden Riddle and glossaries rekindled the interest in and fascination for Anglo-Saxon studies when weariness had overwhelmed me. His classes, always lively, and the passion he put on his work have been a real inspiration. And a heartfelt ‘thank you’ should also go to Prof. David Murray who with that ‘Hwaet!’ shouted in class when I was still studying at the Università degli Studi di Urbino, “Carlo Bo”, first led me in the path of Anglo-Saxon studies I have been following so far. I would also like to show my gratitude to all the professors and doctors who thought me courses and tutorials. I have learnt much and I received encouragement and motivation from each one of them. Also I do not want to forget the support I received from the librarians and secretaries of Universiteit Utrecht. However, these two years I spent in the Netherlands have been more than student-life.
    [Show full text]
  • Arrows Against Mail Armour
    Arrows against Mail Armour David Jones Introduction Historical accounts differ greatly in their description of the effectiveness of arrows against mail armour 1. This is to be expected, since mail was made in a wide range of ring diameters and wire gauges, from metal of varying quality and with different types of riveted closure. Mail could be worn over or under additional garments of linen, leather, wool or cotton. Such materials may give substantial protection, especially against arrows that do not have sharp-edged heads 2. Arrowheads varied in type and in the quality of metal. Archers, and their bows, had a very wide range of strengths and might shoot at mailed targets from long to close range. All of these factors might influence the arrow- stopping ability of the composite defensive system. This paper describes tests that were intended to probe some of these factors. However, they were limited in scope by practical considerations. Firstly, they were confined to commercially available components, which limited the study to rings made from 1.22 mm diameter mild steel wire. Secondly, the garment under the mail was represented only by multiple layers of woven linen, of the type that had already been tested for its defensive properties against arrows 2. Thirdly, my own limitations as an archer confined the tests to close range, so that I could hit the small samples of mail, and to a bow of 74 lb. draw weight. The Construction of Medieval Mail Some dated specimens from archaeological excavation show how mail of the 11th and earlier centuries was constructed 3, 4.
    [Show full text]