The Archaology of York The Small Finds 17/14 CRAFT, INDUSTRY AND EVERYDAY LIFE Finds from Anglo-Scandinavian York A.J. Mainman and N. S. H. Rogers The Archaeology of York Volume 17: The Small Finds General Editor P.V. Addyman © York Archaeological Trust for Excavation and Research 2000 Published by Council for British Archaeology Bowes Morrell House 111 Walmgate York YO1 9WA The Archaeology of York Vol.17: The Small Finds Fasc.14: Craft, Industry and Everyday Life: Finds from Anglo-Scandinavian York 936.2’843 First published in print format 2000 ISBN 978-1 874454 52 6 e-book ISBN 1 902771 11 7 (softback) Cover design: Charlotte Bentley; photographs: Simon I. Hill FRPS (Scire- bröc) Craft, Industry and Everyday Life: Finds from Anglo-Scandinavian York By A.J. Mainman and N.S.H. Rogers Published for York Archaeological Trust by the 2000 Council for British Archaeology Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................2451 Archaeological Introductions to the Sites ..........................................................................................................2455 The Conservation and Identification of the Finds by J.A. Spriggs with contributions on the amber and jet by I. Panter ....................................................................................................................................................................2466 Craft and Industry ......................................................................................................................................................2475 Evidence Relating to Metalworking ...................................................................................................................2475 Non-ferrous metalworking ............................................................................................................................2475 The manufacture of lead alloy dress accessories in the Coppergate area ...............................................2478 Ferrous metalworking with a contribution on the geology of the hones by G.D. Gaunt ...............................2479 Evidence for Manufacture Using Materials other than Metal ........................................................................2498 Personal ornament and dress accessories ....................................................................................................2498 Evidence for jet and shale working .........................................................................................................2498 Amber working with a contribution on amber working tools and techniques by I. Panter ......................2501 Glass Manufacturing Evidence by J. Bayley and R. Doonan ..............................................................................2519 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................2519 High-lead glass working in York ...................................................................................................................2520 The Coppergate and Piccadilly high-lead glass ..........................................................................................2520 Alkali glass melting .........................................................................................................................................2525 Dating the glass working ................................................................................................................................2528 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................................................2528 Evidence for Textile Production ..........................................................................................................................2528 Spinning equipment with a contribution on the stone spindle whorls by P. Walton Rogers .........................2528 Weaving equipment ........................................................................................................................................2533 Stitching equipment ........................................................................................................................................2533 Finishing equipment .......................................................................................................................................2534 Evidence Relating to Fishing ...............................................................................................................................2534 Discussion ...............................................................................................................................................................2535 Everyday Life ...............................................................................................................................................................2537 Household Equipment .........................................................................................................................................2537 Glass vessels by M. Stiff ...................................................................................................................................2537 Stone vessels .....................................................................................................................................................2541 Stone lamps .......................................................................................................................................................2544 Spoons ...............................................................................................................................................................2547 Querns ...............................................................................................................................................................2547 Structural Fittings and Furnishings ....................................................................................................................2552 Fittings ...............................................................................................................................................................2552 Studs with a contribution by M.E. Hutchinson ................................................................................................2554 Mounts ..............................................................................................................................................................2555 Binding ..............................................................................................................................................................2556 Rings ..................................................................................................................................................................2556 Double-spiked loop .........................................................................................................................................2556 Nails ...................................................................................................................................................................2556 Clench bolts ......................................................................................................................................................2557 Perforated strips ...............................................................................................................................................2557 Miscellaneous non-ferrous objects ................................................................................................................2557 Horse Harness ........................................................................................................................................................2558 Trade and Exchange ..............................................................................................................................................2559 Balances .............................................................................................................................................................2559 Weights...............................................................................................................................................................2561 Gaming.Pieces.........................................................................................................................................................2564 Stone.counters...................................................................................................................................................2564 Pottery.and.tile.counters..................................................................................................................................2566 Stone.playing.pieces.........................................................................................................................................2566 Jet.and.shale.playing.pieces............................................................................................................................2567 Personal.Ornament.and.Dress.Accessories........................................................................................................2568 Buckles................................................................................................................................................................2568