IJEP International Journal of Economics and Politics
International Journal of Economics and Politics 2(1): 63-96, 2021 IJEP International Journal of Economics and Politics The Revolution for Law: A Chronographic Analysis of the Constitutional Revolution of Iran 1 Homa Katouzian St Antony’s College, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom* ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: This paper brings together a description and analysis of various aspects of the constitutional revolution, as a revolt Date of submission: 23-10-2020 by society in favour of the law and against arbitrary rule Date of acceptance: 11-12-2020 by the state, rather than by the lower against the upper classes as in European revolutions, this being JEL Classification: characteristic of major Iranian revolts both before and K10 after that event. It includes a discussion of aspects which K12 have generally been neglected, notably the ‘politics of K15 elimination’ pursued by both Mohammad Ali Shah and the radicals of the revolution, how neither side would Keywords: relent until it was too late, and how the revolutionaries Constitutional Revolution rejected the shah's offer of reconciliation, to their later Revolution for Law regret when they became disillusioned by the results, Iran much like many participants of the revolution of February 1979, 70 years later. 1. Introduction n 1906 a constitution laid down the rules and procedures for government I based in law. It was the first time in Iranian history that government was 'conditioned' (mashrut) to a set of fundamental laws which defined the limits of executive power, and detailed the rights and obligations of the state and society. No such revolution had ever happened in Europe, because - as a rule - there had always been legal limits to the exercise of power in European societies, however powerful the government might be, and however narrow, limited and unequal the scope of the law in defining the relationship between the state and society, and among the social classes.
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