Ectendomycorrhizal Associations – Characteristics and Functions
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High-Severity Wildfire Reduces Richness and Alters Composition of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Low-Severity Adapted Ponderosa Pine Forests
Forest Ecology and Management 485 (2021) 118923 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forest Ecology and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco High-severity wildfire reduces richness and alters composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi in low-severity adapted ponderosa pine forests M. Fabiola Pulido-Chavez a,c,*, Ernesto C. Alvarado a, Thomas H. DeLuca b, Robert L. Edmonds a, Sydney I. Glassman c a School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195, United States b College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-5704, United States c Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, 3401 Watkins Drive, Riverside, CA 92521, United States ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests are increasingly experiencing high-severity, stand-replacing fires. Ectomycorrhizal fungi Whereas alterations to aboveground ecosystems have been extensively studied, little is known about soil fungal Saprobic fungi responses in fire-adaptedecosystems. We implement a chronosequence of four different firesthat varied in time High-severity wildfires since fire,2 years (2015) to 11 years (2006) and contained stands of high severity burned P. ponderosa in eastern Ponderosa pine Washington and compared their soil fungal communities to adjacent unburned plots. Using Illumina Miseq Illumina MiSeq Soil nutrients (ITS1), we examined changes in soil nutrients, drivers of species richness for ectomycorrhizal (plant symbionts) Succession and saprobic (decomposers) fungi, community shifts, and post-fire fungal succession in burned and unburned plots. Ectomycorrhizal richness was 43.4% and saprobic richness 12.2% lower in the burned plots, leading to long-term alterations to the fungal communities that did not return to unburned levels, even after 11 years. -
DNA-Metabarcoding of Belowground Fungal Communities in Bare-Root Forest Nurseries: Focus on Different Tree Species
microorganisms Article DNA-Metabarcoding of Belowground Fungal Communities in Bare-Root Forest Nurseries: Focus on Different Tree Species Diana Marˇciulyniene˙ 1,* , Adas Marˇciulynas 1,Jurat¯ e˙ Lynikiene˙ 1, Migle˙ Vaiˇciukyne˙ 1, Arturas¯ Gedminas 1 and Audrius Menkis 2 1 Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Liepu˛Str. 1, Girionys, LT-53101 Kaunas District, Lithuania; [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (M.V.); [email protected] (A.G.) 2 Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The production of tree seedlings in forest nurseries and their use in the replanting of clear-cut forest sites is a common practice in the temperate and boreal forests of Europe. Although conifers dominate on replanted sites, in recent years, deciduous tree species have received more attention due to their often-higher resilience to abiotic and biotic stress factors. The aim of the present study was to assess the belowground fungal communities of bare-root cultivated seedlings of Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula, Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies and Quercus robur in order to gain a better understanding of the associated fungi and oomycetes, and their potential effects on the seedling performance in forest nurseries and after outplanting. The study sites were at the seven largest bare-root forest nurseries in Lithuania. The sampling included the roots and adjacent soil of 2–3 year old healthy-looking seedlings. -
Description and Identification of Ostryopsis Davidiana Ectomycorrhizae in Inner Mongolia Mountain Forest of China
Österr. Z. Pilzk. 26 (2017) – Austrian J. Mycol. 26 (2017) 17 Description and identification of Ostryopsis davidiana ectomycorrhizae in Inner Mongolia mountain forest of China QING-ZHI YAO1 WEI YAN2 HUI-YING ZHAO1 JIE WEI2 1 Life Science College 2 Forestry College Inner Mongolia Agriculture University Huhhot, 010018, P. R. China Email: [email protected] Accepted 27. March 2017. © Austrian Mycological Society, published online 23. August 2017 YAO, Q.-Z., YAN, W., ZHAO, H.-Y., WEI, J., 2017: Description and identification of Ostryopsis davidi- ana ectomycorrhizae in Inner Mongolia mountain forest of China. – Austrian J. Mycol. 26: 17–25. Key words: ECM, Mountain forest, Ostryopsis davidiana, morpho-anatomical features. Abstract: The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal composition and anatomical structures of root samples of the shrub Ostryopsis davidiana were examined. The root samples were collected from two plots in the Daqing Mountain and Han Mountain around Hohhot, Inner Mongolia of China. Basing on mor- pho-anatomical features of the samples, we have got totally 12 ECM morphotypes. Twelve fungal taxa were identified via sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of their nuclear rDNA. Nine species are Basidiomycotina, incl. Thelephoraceae (Tomentella), Cortinariaceae (Inocybe and Cortinarius), Tremellaceae (Sebacina), Russulaceae (Lactarius), and Tricholomataceae (Tricholoma), three Ascomycotina, incl. Elaphomycetaceae (Cenococcum), Tuberaceae (Tuber), and Pyronema- taceae (Wilcoxina). Cenococcum geophilum was the dominant species in O. davidiana. The three To- mentella and the two Inocybe ECMF of O. davidiana are very common in Inner Mongolia. Zusammenfassung: Die Pilzdiversität der Ektomykorrhiza (ECM) und deren anatomische Strukturen von Wurzelproben des Strauches Ostryopsis davidiana wurden untersucht. Die Wurzelproben wurden aus zwei Untersuchungsflächen im Daqing Berg und Han Berg nahe Hohhot, Innere Mongolei, China, gesammelt. -
Epipactis Helleborine Shows Strong Mycorrhizal Preference Towards Ectomycorrhizal Fungi with Contrasting Geographic Distributions in Japan
Mycorrhiza (2008) 18:331–338 DOI 10.1007/s00572-008-0187-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Epipactis helleborine shows strong mycorrhizal preference towards ectomycorrhizal fungi with contrasting geographic distributions in Japan Yuki Ogura-Tsujita & Tomohisa Yukawa Received: 10 April 2008 /Accepted: 1 July 2008 /Published online: 26 July 2008 # Springer-Verlag 2008 Abstract Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz, one of the Keywords Wilcoxina . Pezizales . Habitat . most widespread orchid species, occurs in a broad range of Plant colonization habitats. This orchid is fully myco-heterotrophic in the germination stage and partially myco-heterotrophic in the adult stage, suggesting that a mycorrhizal partner is one of Introduction the key factors that determines whether E. helleborine successfully colonizes a specific environment. We focused on The habitats of plants range widely even within a single the coastal habitat of Japanese E. helleborine and surveyed species, and plants use various mechanisms to colonize and the mycorrhizal fungi from geographically different coastal survive in a specific environment (Daubenmire 1974; populations that grow in Japanese black pine (Pinus Larcher 2003). Since mycorrhizal fungi enable plants to thunbergii Parl.) forests of coastal sand dunes. Mycorrhizal access organic and inorganic sources of nutrition that are fungi and plant haplotypes were then compared with those difficult for plants to gain by themselves (Smith and Read from inland populations. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of 1997; Aerts 2002), mycorrhizal associations are expected to large subunit rRNA sequences of fungi from its roots play a crucial role in plant colonization. Although it seems revealed that E. helleborine is mainly associated with several certain that the mycorrhizal association is one of the key ectomycorrhizal taxa of the Pezizales, such as Wilcoxina, mechanisms for plants to colonize a new environment, our Tuber,andHydnotrya. -
Methods to Control Ectomycorrhizal Colonization: Effectiveness of Chemical and Physical Barriers
Mycorrhiza (2006) 17:51–65 DOI 10.1007/s00572-006-0083-4 ORIGINAL PAPER Methods to control ectomycorrhizal colonization: effectiveness of chemical and physical barriers François P. Teste & Justine Karst & Melanie D. Jones & Suzanne W. Simard & Daniel M. Durall Received: 19 January 2006 /Accepted: 25 August 2006 / Published online: 15 November 2006 # Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract We conducted greenhouse experiments using ecological question of interest, Topas\ or the employment Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) seedlings of mesh with pore sizes <1 μm are suitable for restricting where chemical methods (fungicides) were used to prevent mycorrhization in the field. ectomycorrhizal colonization of single seedlings or physical methods (mesh barriers) were used to prevent formation of Keywords Ectomycorrhizal colonization . mycorrhizal connections between neighboring seedlings. Common mycorrhizal networks . Hyphal restriction . These methods were chosen for their ease of application in Fungicides . Mesh barriers the field. We applied the fungicides, Topas\ (nonspecific) and Senator\ (ascomycete specific), separately and in combination at different concentrations and application Introduction frequencies to seedlings grown in unsterilized forest soils. Additionally, we assessed the ability of hyphae to penetrate In mycorrhizal research, evaluation of mycorrhizal effects μ mesh barriers of various pore sizes (0.2, 1, 20, and 500 m) to on plant performance often requires comparisons between form mycorrhizas on roots of neighboring seedlings. Ecto- mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. Creating effective, mycorrhizal colonization was reduced by approximately 55% yet feasible methods to control mycorrhizal colonization in \ −1 with the application of Topas at 0.5 g l . Meshes with pore the field has become of utmost importance as there has μ sizes of 0.2 and 1 m were effective in preventing the been a recent demand to increase the ecological relevance formation of mycorrhizas via hyphal growth across the of mycorrhizal research (Read 2002). -
The Effect of Decayed Or Downed Wood on the Structure and Function of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities at a High Elevation Forest
The effect of decayed or downed wood on the structure and function of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities at a high elevation forest by Jennifer Karen Marie Walker B.Sc., The University of Northern British Columbia, 2003 M.Sc., The University of Northern British Columbia, 2006 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The College of Graduate Studies (Biology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Okanagan) March 2012 !Jennifer Karen Marie Walker, 2012 Abstract Shifts in ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community composition occur after clearcut logging, resulting in the loss of forest-associated fungi and potential ecosystem function. Coarse woody debris (CWD) includes downed wood generated during logging; decayed downed wood is a remnant of the original forest, and important habitat for ECM fungi. Over the medium term, while logs remain hard, it is not known if they influence ECM fungal habitat. I tested for effects of downed wood on ECM fungal communities by examining ECM roots and fungal hyphae of 10-yr-old saplings in CWD retention and removal plots in a subalpine ecosystem. I then tested whether downed and decayed wood provided ECM fungal habitat by planting nonmycorrhizal spruce seedlings in decayed wood, downed wood, and mineral soil microsites in the clearcuts and adjacent forest plots, and harvested them 1 and 2 years later. I tested for differences in the community structure of ECM root tips (Sanger sequencing) among all plots and microsites, and of ECM fungal hyphae (pyrosequencing) in forest microsites. I assayed the activities of eight extracellular enzymes in order to compare community function related to nutrient acquisition. -
Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Assemblages of Nursery-Grown Scots Pine Are Influenced by Age of the Seedlings
Article Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Assemblages of Nursery-Grown Scots Pine are Influenced by Age of the Seedlings Maria Rudawska * and Tomasz Leski Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most widely distributed pine species in Europe and is relevant in terms of planted areas and harvest yields. Therefore, each year the demand for planting stock of Scots pine is exceedingly high, and large quantities of seedlings are produced annually throughout Europe to carry out reforestation and afforestation programs. Abundant and diverse ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis is critical for the success of seedlings once planted in the field. To improve our knowledge of ECM fungi that inhabit bare-root nursery stock of Scots pine and understand factors that influence their diversity, we studied the assemblages of ECM fungi present across 23 bare-root forest nurseries in Poland. Nursery stock samples were characterized by a high level of ECM colonization (nearly 100%), and a total of 29 ECM fungal taxa were found on 1- and 2- year-old seedlings. The diversity of the ECM community depended substantially on the nursery and age of the seedlings, and species richness varied from 3–10 taxa on 1-year-old seedlings and 6–13 taxa on 2-year-old seedlings. The ECM fungal communities that developed on the studied nursery stock were characterized by the prevalence of Ascomycota over Basidiomycota members on 1-year-old seedlings. All ecological indices (diversity, dominance, and evenness) were significantly affected by age of the seedlings, most likely because dominant ECM morphotypes on 1-year-old seedlings (Wilcoxina mikolae) were replaced by other dominant ones (e.g., Suillus luteus, Rhizopogon roseolus, Thelephora terrestris, Hebeloma crustuliniforme), mostly from Basidiomycota, on 2-year-old seedlings. -
Persistence of Ecto- and Ectendomycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Pinus Montezumae in Experimental Microcosms
Symbiosis (2018) 74:67–78 DOI 10.1007/s13199-017-0496-1 Persistence of ecto- and ectendomycorrhizal fungi associated with Pinus montezumae in experimental microcosms Edith Garay–Serrano1,2 & Ma. del Pilar Ortega–Larrocea1 & Frédérique Reverchon3 & Iris Suárez–Quijada1 Received: 9 August 2016 /Accepted: 13 June 2017 /Published online: 30 June 2017 # Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2017 Abstract Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and ectendomycorrhizal Keywords ITS . Extramatrical mycelium . Morphotyping . fungal species associated with Pinus montezumae were re- Species co-existence corded in 8 year-old trees established in microcosms and com- pared with those associated with 2 year-old trees, in order to determine their persistence over the long-term. Mycorrhizal 1 Introduction root tips were morphologically and anatomically character- ized and sequenced. The extension of extramatrical mycelium Tree roots in coniferous forests are colonized by a variety of of ECM fungi with long exploration strategies was evaluated. ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and, to a lesser extent, by In total, 11 mycorrhizal species were registered. Seven mycor- ectendomycorrhizal fungi, which improve plant water uptake rhizal species were detected on both 2 and 8 year-old pines: and nutrient availability, increase the tolerance of roots to high Atheliaceae sp., Rhizopogon aff. fallax, R. aff. occidentalis, temperatures or soil acidity, and protect roots against patho- Suillus pseudobrevipes, Tuber separans, Wilcoxina mikolae gens (Horton and Van der Heijden 2008; Futai et al. 2008). and Wilcoxina rehmii.Onespecies,Thelephora terrestris, The fungal components involved in the ECM symbiotic asso- was exclusively associated with two year–old seedlings, while ciation are the intraradical mycelium (or Hartig net), the Cenococcum geophilum, Pezizaceae sp. -
Hoffmannoscypha, a Novel Genus of Brightly Coloured, Cupulate Pyronemataceae Closely Related to Tricharina and Geopora
Mycol Progress DOI 10.1007/s11557-012-0875-1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Hoffmannoscypha, a novel genus of brightly coloured, cupulate Pyronemataceae closely related to Tricharina and Geopora Benjamin Stielow & Gunnar Hensel & Dirk Strobelt & Huxley Mae Makonde & Manfred Rohde & Jan Dijksterhuis & Hans-Peter Klenk & Markus Göker Received: 7 July 2012 /Revised: 11 November 2012 /Accepted: 25 November 2012 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 Abstract The rare apothecial, cupulate fungus Geopora comprising Phaeangium, Picoa, the majority of the pellita (Pyronemataceae) is characterized by a uniquely Tricharina species, and the remaining Geopora species. bright yellow-orange excipulum. We here re-examine its Based on its phylogenetic position and its unique combina- affiliations by use of morphological, molecular phylogenetic tion of morphological characters, we assign G. pellita to and ultrastructural analyses. G. pellita appears as phyloge- Hoffmannoscypha, gen. nov., as H. pellita, comb. nov. As in netically rather isolated, being the sister group of a clade a previous study, analyses of both large subunit (LSU) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA suggest that the remaining genus Geopora is paraphyletic, with the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article hypogeous, ptychothecial type species more closely related (doi:10.1007/s11557-012-0875-1) contains supplementary material, to Picoa and Phaeangium than to the greyish-brownish which is available to authorized users. cupulate and apothecial Geopora spp., indicating that the : B. Stielow J. Dijksterhuis latter should be reassigned to the genus Sepultaria. The Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, current study also shows that ITS confirm LSU data regard- Uppsalalaan 8, ing the polyphyly of Tricharina. -
2 Pezizomycotina: Pezizomycetes, Orbiliomycetes
2 Pezizomycotina: Pezizomycetes, Orbiliomycetes 1 DONALD H. PFISTER CONTENTS 5. Discinaceae . 47 6. Glaziellaceae. 47 I. Introduction ................................ 35 7. Helvellaceae . 47 II. Orbiliomycetes: An Overview.............. 37 8. Karstenellaceae. 47 III. Occurrence and Distribution .............. 37 9. Morchellaceae . 47 A. Species Trapping Nematodes 10. Pezizaceae . 48 and Other Invertebrates................. 38 11. Pyronemataceae. 48 B. Saprobic Species . ................. 38 12. Rhizinaceae . 49 IV. Morphological Features .................... 38 13. Sarcoscyphaceae . 49 A. Ascomata . ........................... 38 14. Sarcosomataceae. 49 B. Asci. ..................................... 39 15. Tuberaceae . 49 C. Ascospores . ........................... 39 XIII. Growth in Culture .......................... 50 D. Paraphyses. ........................... 39 XIV. Conclusion .................................. 50 E. Septal Structures . ................. 40 References. ............................. 50 F. Nuclear Division . ................. 40 G. Anamorphic States . ................. 40 V. Reproduction ............................... 41 VI. History of Classification and Current I. Introduction Hypotheses.................................. 41 VII. Growth in Culture .......................... 41 VIII. Pezizomycetes: An Overview............... 41 Members of two classes, Orbiliomycetes and IX. Occurrence and Distribution .............. 41 Pezizomycetes, of Pezizomycotina are consis- A. Parasitic Species . ................. 42 tently shown -
Soil Microbiome Composition Along the Natural Norway Spruce Forest Life Cycle
Article Soil Microbiome Composition along the Natural Norway Spruce Forest Life Cycle Michal Choma 1,* , Pavel Šamonil 2, Eva Kaštovská 1, Jiˇrí Bárta 1, Karolina Tahovská 1, Martin Valtera 3 and Hana Šantr ˚uˇcková 1 1 Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 Ceskˇ é Budˇejovice,Czech Republic; [email protected] (E.K.); [email protected] (J.B.); [email protected] (K.T.); [email protected] (H.Š.) 2 Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Lidická 25/27, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic; [email protected] 3 Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemˇedˇelská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Stand-replacing disturbances are a key element of the Norway spruce (Picea abies) forest life cycle. While the effect of a natural disturbance regime on forest physiognomy, spatial structure and pedocomplexity was well described in the literature, its impact on the microbiome, a crucial soil component that mediates nutrient cycling and stand productivity, remains largely unknown. For this purpose, we conducted research on a chronosequence of sites representing the post-disturbance development of a primeval Norway spruce forest in the Calimani Mts., Romania. The sites were selected along a gradient of duration from 16 to 160 years that ranges from ecosystem regeneration phases of recently disturbed open gaps to old-growth forest stands. Based on DNA amplicon sequencing, we followed bacterial and fungal community composition separately in organic, upper Citation: Choma, M.; Šamonil, P.; mineral and spodic horizons of present Podzol soils. -
Mycodb, a Global Database of Plant Response to Mycorrhizal Fungi
Wright State University CORE Scholar Biological Sciences Faculty Publications Biological Sciences 5-2016 MycoDB, a Global Database of Plant Response to Mycorrhizal Fungi V. Bala Chaudhary Megan A. Rúa Wright State University - Main Campus, [email protected] Anita Antoninka James D. Bever Jeffery Cannon See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/biology Part of the Biology Commons, and the Systems Biology Commons Repository Citation Chaudhary, V. B., Rúa, M. A., Antoninka, A., Bever, J. D., Cannon, J., Craig, A., Duchicela, J., Frame, A., Gehring, C., Ha, M., Hart, M., Hopkins, J., Ji, B., Johnson, N. C., Kaonongbua, W., Karst, J., Koide, R. T., Lamit, L. J., Meadow, J., Milligan, B., Moore, J. C., Pendergast, T. H., Piculell, B. J., Ramsby, B., Simard, S., Shrestha, S., Umbanhowar, J., Viechtbauer, W., Walters, L., Wilson, G. W., Zee, P. C., & Hoeksema, J. D. (2016). MycoDB, a Global Database of Plant Response to Mycorrhizal Fungi. Scientific Data, 160028. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/biology/622 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors V. Bala Chaudhary, Megan A. Rúa, Anita Antoninka, James D. Bever, Jeffery Cannon, Ashley Craig, Jessica Duchicela, Alicia Frame, Catherine Gehring, Michelle Ha, Miranda Hart, Jacob Hopkins, Baoming Ji, Nancy C. Johnson, Wittaya Kaonongbua, Justine Karst, Roger T. Koide, Louis J. Lamit, James Meadow, Brook Milligan, John C.