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José Eduardo Marqués Gálvez Tesis Doctoral.Pdf UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA ESCUELA INTERNACIONAL DE DOCTORADO Desert Truffle Cultivation: New Insights into Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, Water-Stress Adaptation Strategies and Plantation Management Cultivo de la Trufa del Desierto: Nuevas Perspectivas sobre la Simbiosis Micorrícica, Estrategias de Adaptación al Estrés Hídrico y Manejo de Plantaciones D. José Eduardo Marqués Gálvez 2019 UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOQUÍMICA Y BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR-A Desert truffle cultivation: new insights into mycorrhizal symbiosis, water-stress adaptation strategies and plantation management Cultivo de la trufa del desierto: nuevas perspectivas sobre la simbiosis micorrícica, estrategias de adaptación al estrés hídrico y manejo de plantaciones Memoria para optar al grado de Doctor en Biología Vegetal por la Universidad de Murcia presentada por: JOSÉ EDUARDO MARQUÉS GÁLVEZ, MURCIA, 2019 Resumen en castellano 2 Dª Asunción Morte Gómez, Catedrática de Universidad del Área de Botánica en el Departamento de Biología Vegetal, y Dª Manuela Pérez Gilabert, Catedrática de Universidad del Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular en el Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, AUTORIZAN: La presentación de la Tesis Doctoral titulada “Desert truffle cultivation: new insights into mycorrhizal symbiosis, water-stress adaptation strategies and plantation management / Cultivo de la trufa del desierto: nuevas perspectivas sobre la simbiosis micorrícica, estrategias de adaptación al estrés hídrico y manejo de plantaciones”, realizada por D. José Eduardo Marqués Gálvez, bajo nuestra inmediata dirección y supervisión, y que presenta para la obtención del grado de Doctor por la Universidad de Murcia. En Murcia a 4 de Septiembre de 2019 Fdo: Dª Asunción Morte Gómez Fdo: Dª Manuela Pérez Gilabert Resumen en castellano 2 Funding information The author of the thesis has received financial support from a PhD grant (Doctorados Industriales program, ref. DI-14-06904) from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), and from Thader Biotechnology S.L, Spin-off Company from Universidad de Murcia. The experiments and analysis conducted in this thesis have been supported by Thader Biotechnology SL and partially by Spanish grants from AEI-FEDER, UE (CGL2016-78946-R) and from Fundación Séneca - Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia (19484/PI/14). Fungal genomes sequencing has been partially financed by the Fungal Genomics Program of the US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI) within the framework of the 1000 Fungal Genome project. Resumen en castellano Scientific publications derived from this thesis Marqués-Gálvez JE, Morte A, Navarro-Ródenas A, García-Carmona F, Pérez- Gilabert M (2019) Purification and characterization of Terfezia claveryi TcCAT- 1, a desert truffle catalase upregulated in mycorrhizal symbiosis. PloS One 14(7):e0219300. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219300. Andrino A, Navarro-Ródenas A, Marqués-Gálvez JE, Morte A. Desert truffle crop depends on agroclimatic parameters during two key periods. Manuscript accepted in Agronomy for Sustainable Development. Marqués-Gálvez JE, Kohler A, Miyauchi S, Navarro-Ródenas A, Arenas F, Paolocci F, Morin E, Auer L, Kuo A, Martin F, Morte A. Desert truffle genomes reveal survival adaptations to mycorrhizal lifestyle in dry land. Manuscript in preparation. Marqués-Gálvez JE, Morte A, Navarro-Ródenas A. Stomatal response to vapor pressure deficit in spring as a marker for desert truffle cultivation. Manuscript in preparation. Marqués-Gálvez JE, Navarro-Ródenas A, Arenas F, Guarnizo-Serrudo AL, Peguero-Pina J, Gil-Pelegrin E, Morte A. Elevated atmospheric CO2 modifies desert truffle mycorrhizal plant flowering and response to water-stress. Manuscript in preparation. Book chapters Morte A, Pérez-Gilabert M, Gutiérrez A, Arenas F, Marqués-Gálvez JE, Bordallo JJ, Rodríguez A, Berná LM, Lozano-Carrillo C, Navarro-Ródenas, A (2017) Basic and applied research for desert truffle cultivation. In: Varma A, Prasad R, Tuteja N (eds.) Mycorrhiza-Ecophysiology, Secondary Metabolites, Nanomaterials. Springer International Publishing pp. 23–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57849-1_2. Contribution to conferences and congresses Morte A, Arenas F, Marqués-Gálvez JE, Berná LM, Guarnizo-Serrudo AL, Gutiérrez A, Rodríguez A, Navarro-Ródenas A (2019) Turmiculture project: desert truffle crop against climate change and for rural development. 10th International Workshop on Edible Mycorrhiza Mushrooms (IWEMM10), Suwa City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. 4 Morte A, Andrino A, Marqués-Gálvez JE, Arenas F, Navarro-Ródenas A (2019) Desert truffle crop depends on agroclimatic parameters during two key periods. 10th International Workshop on Edible Mycorrhiza Mushrooms (IWEMM10), Suwa City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Navarro-Ródenas A, Andrino A, Marqués-Gálvez JE, Morte A (2017) Desert truffle cultivation: a bioclimatic model for suitable management and production. 9th International Conference on Mycorrhiza (ICOM9), Prague, Czech Republic. Morte A, Arenas F, Marqués-Gálvez JE, Gutiérrez A, Berna LM, Pérez-Gilabert M, Navarro-Ródenas A (2017) Advances in desert truffle cultivation in Spain. 9th International Workshop on Edible Mycorrhiza Mushrooms (IWEMM9), Texcoco, Mexico. Marqués Gálvez JE, Navarro-Ródenas A, Nicolás E, Morte A (2016) Combined effect of Vapour Pressure Deficit and irrigation on desert truffle mycorrhizal plants. 8th International Workshop on Edible Mycorrhiza Mushrooms (IWEMM8), Cahors, France. Resumen en castellano 6 Agradecimientos Todo lo que en esta tesis está reflejado es fruto de éxitos y fracasos, de penas y glorias, de esfuerzo, dedicación, cansancio, sufrimiento y alegría, sobre todo alegría. Es curioso cómo, a veces, las emociones negativas se esfuerzan en llegar más hondo, en intentar perdurar más que las positivas. Precisamente por eso, me gustaría utilizar estas palabras para recordarme a mí mismo, y a quién lo necesite en el futuro, la importancia de la pasión por un trabajo duro, pero a la vez emocionante; el orgullo, por el trabajo bien hecho y la superación diaria; la confianza en uno mismo y en las personas que lo acompañan; la positividad ante los pequeños obstáculos que aparecen en el sendero; la felicidad, por los éxitos alcanzados y los grandes momentos vividos; y finalmente, el cariño por las personas que viajan con nosotros y por los recuerdos de un camino que ni se acaba ni empieza, sólo cambia. Este documento ha sido posible gracias a personas, no sólo aquella que firma la autoría de la tesis, sino todas aquellas que, de una forma u otra, han aportado en su realización. Es por eso por lo que me gustaría mostrar mi agradecimiento. En primer lugar, me gustaría agradecer a la Dra. Manuela Pérez Gilabert y a la Dra. Asunción Morte Gómez la confianza que han depositado en mí durante estos años y la oportunidad que me han brindado de dedicarme a aquello que me gusta. Gracias a ambas por sostener este maravilloso grupo de investigación y por esforzaros cada día en que todos los integrantes del grupo nos sintamos cómodos, motivados y contentos. Tomaré prestado aquel proverbio chino que de vez en cuando nos recuerda Asun: “Si caminas sólo irás más rápido, si caminas acompañado llegarás más lejos”. Gracias Manoli, este trabajo empieza contigo. Gracias por introducirme en el mundo de la investigación, por animarme para que fuera al departamento e ir poco a poco aprendiendo técnicas y cogiendo soltura en el laboratorio, por enseñarme a ser metódico y cuidadoso, por tus correcciones que tanto me han enseñado a lo largo de estos años, por los consejos que me has brindado y, sobre todo, por acompañarme en todo este largo camino, desde el TFG hasta ahora, que se dice pronto. Por último, gracias por hablarme de una empresa en la que podría hacer mis prácticas de fin de grado. Porque sin esa empresa y sin esas prácticas, no hubiera conocido a Asun. Resumen en castellano Gracias Asun por acogerme también cuando aún no era más que un tierno estudiante, por ver ese potencial en mí que ni yo mismo era capaz de ver. Sin tu empeño y disponibilidad para buscar proyectos y financiación hoy no estaría aquí. Gracias por todo lo que me has enseñado, por tu sabiduría y tu paciencia, por apoyarme para que me siga formando y por haber sido, no sólo una inspiración profesional, sino también un apoyo personal en muchos momentos. Siempre has celebrado conmigo los buenos momentos y soportado los malos. Gracias por tu calma en los momentos de tempestad y por tu energía en los momentos de calma. Si algo he aprendido estos años es que lo más importante para que un grupo de investigación funcione como un reloj suizo es el ambiente de trabajo, y la relación entre las personas que lo componen, y sinceramente, no puedo pensar en mejor grupo para realizar mi tesis doctoral. Gracias Alfonso, compañero, mentor y amigo. Creo que nunca podré agradecerte todo lo que me has enseñado, toda la pasión por la investigación que me has contagiado y toda la bondad con la que me has tratado. Gracias a Francisco y a Ángel, sois “el uno” muchachos, por los buenos momentos y por las innumerables chorradas que ayudan a que los días grises pasen más rápido y a que los días soleados brillen más. A Luis Miguel, por aconsejarme desde la experiencia y por culturizarme, porque con los conocimientos que rezumas de música, películas, y, sobre todo, de la mili, creo que se podría escribir otra tesis. A Antonio Rodríguez por darme una perspectiva diferente de la investigación. Me gustaría también agradecer al Dr. Janusz Zwiazek y al “Renewable Resources Department” de la Universidad de Alberta por acogerme y supervisarme durante tres meses en su grupo de investigación. La experiencia es un grado y esta experiencia creo que ha sumado dos. Gracias en especial a Wenqing que me ayudo a sentirme más cómodo, supervisó y ayudo a realizar mis experimentos. A Frank, Meng Meng, Shanjida y al resto de la gente que conocí en el departamento, por acogerme y tratarme como uno más. Gracias a mis compañeros de piso Aaron y Dylan por ayudarme a que esta experiencia fuera más fácil y por ese maravilloso viaje a las Montañas Rocosas.
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