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Johann Keplers Beziehungen Zu Regensburg Johann Keplers Beziehungen zu Regensburg. Benützte Werke und Quellen (außer den im Text angegebenen): Ch. Frifch: Joh. Kepleri opera omnia, Frankfurt/M. 1858—1870. L. Schuft er: Joh. Kepler und die kirchlichen Streitfragen. Graz 1888. W. v. D y ck u. M. C a f p a r : Die Keplerbriefe auf der Nat.-Bibl. und auf der Sternwarte in Paris. München 1927. Abh. d. b. Akad. d. W. v. Breitfehwert: Keplers Leben und Wirken. Stuttgart 1831. Gumpelzhaimer : Regensburgs Gefchichte. Reitlinger, Neumann, Gruner: Joh. Kepler. Stuttgart 1868. Anonym: Johannes Kepler. Wien, Peft, Leipzig 1871. C. Gruner: Keplers wahrer Geburtsort. Stuttgart 1866. C. W. Neumann: Das Wohn- und das wahre Sterbehaus Keplers in Regens• burg. Regensburg 1864/65. F. O h m a n n : Die Anfänge des Poftwefens. Leipzig 1909. R. Freytag: Zur Poftgefchichte von Augsburg, Nürnberg und Regensburg. Arch. f. Poftgefch. i. Bay. 1929/1. J. Ph. Oftertag: Keplers Monument in Regensburg. 1786. Manufkr. ^ der Kreisbibliothek und des Hiftorifchen Vereins Regensburg. Archivalieh, Siegelprotokolle, Beifitzerbücher im Stadtarchiv zu Regensburg. Kirchenbücher des evangelifchen Pfarramts unterer Stadt in Regensburg. /. Gefchichtlicbes Von Adolf Schmetzer, Oberbaurat a. D. Regensburg Einleitung. Um Keplers Beziehungen zu Regensburg darzuftellen, die in feinem vielbewegten Leben eine große Rolle gefpielt haben, reicht unmöglich eine abfehnittweife Aufzählung aus, wie oft und wie lange er und die Seinen hier weilten, wo fie gewohnt, was fie hier gewirkt und an Freud und Leid erfahren haben. Vielmehr muffen diefe Erhebungen zur Aufzeichnung eines in Urfache und Wirkung geklärten Gefamtbildes in Zufammenhang gebracht werden mit Keplers ganzem Lebensgang und feiner Perfönlichkeit, fowie mit den gleichzeitigen politifchen Gefchehniffen und religiöfen Span• nungen, wenn auch diefe Bindeglieder hier mehr und weniger nur in Um- rillen gefchildert werden. Universitätsbibliothek Historischer Verein für Regensburg urn:nbn:de:bvb:355-ubr00635-0003-0 Oberpfalz und Regensburg Jugend und Studium (1571—1594). Johannes Kepler ift am 27. Dezember 1571 zu Weil der Stadt in Würt• temberg geboren. Ein Brüderpaar feiner Ahnen hat von Kaifer Sigismund 1433 auf der Tiberbrücke zu Rom den Ritterfchlag erhalten. Von der Familie lebte ein Zweig in Nürnberg und fiedelte 1522 nach Weil der Stadt über. Nach Befudi der deutfchen und lateinifchen Schulen in Leon• berg, Adelberg und in Maulbronn erwarb Kepler 1588 den Grad eines Bakkalaureus und bezog im folgenden Jahr die Univerfität Tübingen. Hier oblag er hauptfächlich dem Studium der Philofophie und Theologie, aber auch der Mathematik und Aftronomie, und flieg 1591 zum Magifter auf. Freimütig verteidigte er als Kandidat der Theologie die Lehren des Kopernikus gegen die damals herrfchende geozentrifche Weltanfchauung, ebenfo die Berechtigung, die Heilige Schrift nach eigenem Ermeffen aus• zulegen, wodurch er den Theologen Augsbur gif eher Konfellion unbequem wurde. So kam der geiftvolle, gelehrte und beredte 23 jährige Magifter auf Fort-Empfehlung der Univerfität 1594 an das Grazer Gymnafium als Lehrer der Mathematik und Aftronomie. Von vornherein zum Theologen beftimmt, nahm er diefen Ruf nicht ohne Bedenken an. Grazer Zeit (1594—1600). Uber feine Reife von Tübingen nach Graz, die er mit einem Gefährten namens Jäger zurücklegte, willen wir nur fo viel, daß er fie am 24. März antrat und daß beide für Zehrung, Wechfel, Fuhrlohn «und andere Not• durft nur 31V4 fl verbrauchten. Kepler hat alfo jedenfalls eine billigere Reifegelegenheit als die über Innsbruck gehende Poll benützt, die um diefe Zeit wahrfcheinlich auch fchon Perfonen beförderte.1 Uber den gewählten Weg ift nichts bekannt. Im Februar 1596 reifte Kepler von Graz nach Württemberg, um u. a. den Druck feines Prodromus oder Mysterium cosmographicum zu betrei• ben. Die fogenannte Konfiftorialbibliothek in Rothenburg o. T. enthält ein Exemplar des in Tübingen gedruckten „Prodromus dissertationum cosmographicarum", das eine eigenhändige Widmung Keplers an den Dr. med. Joh. Oberndorff er in Graz 16. 6. 1597 enthält. Das Buch ge• langte 1605 in den Belitz des Magifters Joh. Schülin, Pfarrers zu Gnod- ftadt bei Marktbreit, eines Liebhabers der mathematifchen Wiflenfchaft, aus dellen Nachlaß es mit andern mathematifchen und aftronomifchen Werken in die genannte Bibliothek überging (s. S. 6). (Aus der Beilage zum „Fränkifchen Anzeiger": „Die Linde", Nr. 5 v. 15. Okt. 1930.) Wahrfcheinlich wollte er auch den Nachweis feiner adeligen Ab- flammung beibringen, wovon der Vater feiner 22jährigen Braut Barbara, einer fchon zweimal Witwe gewordenen geborenen Müller von Mühleck, die Zuftimmung zur Heirat abhängig machte. Erfl im Auguft kam er 1 Nach der kaiferlichen Reichspoft-Taxordnung vom Jahre 1698 koftete ein Reitpferd für eine Poll, d. h. für eine Wegftrecke von rund 15 km, 1 fl, dazu noch 5 Grofchen Trinkgeld. Die Gefamtkoften beliefen lieh alfo auf 5 kr je km; demnach für 624 km von Tübingen nach Graz auf 52 fl für eine Per• lon, aber ohne Übernachten und Zehrung. Universitätsbibliothek Historischer Verein für Regensburg urn:nbn:de:bvb:355-ubr00635-0004-6 Oberpfalz und Regensburg wieder nach Graz zurück, wo er im Jahre darauf feine Vermählung feierte. Mindeftens eine diefer beiden Reifen führte über München. Als infolge der Rekatholifierung der inneröfterreichifchen Erblande durch Erzherzog Ferdinand die Proteftanten aus Steiermark ausgewiefen worden waren, was auch die Auflöfung der Grazer Schule nach fich zog, wich Kepler, der den Übertritt zum katholifchen Bekenntnis verweigerte, im Jahre 1598 nach Ungarn aus, wo der Kaifer duldfam gebot. Jedoch wurde er fchon nach einem Monat wieder nach Graz zurückberufen, wozu er fich aber erft verliehen wollte, wenn ihm Sicherheit gegen künftige Aus• weif ung gegeben würde. Der Befcheid lautete: „Ihr Durchl. wollen auß fondern gnaden verwilligt haben, daß Supplicant Ungeacht der general ausfchaffung etc. noch lenger allhie verbleiben möge. Doch foll er lieh allenthalben gebührlicher Befchaidenheit gebrauchen und fich alfo Vnver- weislich verhalten, damit Ir. Durchl. folliche gnad wider aufzuheben nit verurfacht werde." Er kehrte daraufhin zwar zurück, fühlte fich aber, wegen der ihm etwa abträglichen Handhabung des Befcheides, in Graz nicht mehr behaglich. Prager Zeit (1600—1612). Deshalb trat Kepler i. J. 1600 mit Genehmigung Kaifer Rudolfs II. in die Dienfle des Allronomen Tycho Brahe zu Prag, wohin er auch feine Familie brachte. Nach dem vorzeitigen Tode Tychos am 24. Oktober 1601 wurde er deflen Nachfolger und als kaiferlicher Hofmathematikus ange- ftellt — eine hervorragende Auszeichnung. Die volle Auszahlung feines Jahresgehaltes von 500 fl blieb jedoch meift rücklländig. 1604 Hellte Anfelm Hagenlochner, der von 1591 bis 1608 Pfarrer und Superintendent in Regensburg war2, das — nach feinen eigenen Worten — unbefcheidene briefliche Anfuchen an Kepler, ihm die Nativitäten von Kaifer Rudolf und von vier Erzherzogen, wofür er fich interelliere, mitzuteilen. Aus wenig beltimmten Angaben diefes Briefes hat Breitfehwert die als irrtümlich er• kannte Folgerung gezogen, Kepler fei in Magftadt geboren. Die Antwort Keplers auf diefen Brief ift nicht erhalten. Keplers Stieftochter Regina Lorentzin heiratete zu Prag im Jahre 1608 den kurfürfll. pfälzifchen Pfleger Philipp Ehern in Pfaffenhofen (Oberpfalz). Im Jahre 1609 find drei Werke Keplers erfchienen: Astronomia nova, enthaltend die zwei erllen Keplerifchen Gefetze; die Responsio ad Röslinum, worin Kepler dellen Irrtümer, insbefondere auch deflen geo- zentrifche Einflellung widerlegt; endlich der Mercurius in sole, der Mer• kur-Durchgang von 1607. Er fuhr 1609 von Prag zur Frankfurter Buch• melle, um den Verkauf des genannten 1. und 3. Werkes zu betreiben, dann nach Heidelberg zur Druckvollendung der Responsio und nach Stuttgart, wo er dem Herzog den Mercurius in sole widmete. Die Reife Prag—Frankfurt mag auf dem kürzeflen Wege über Nürnberg erfolgt 2 A. Hagenlochner (1554—1634) flammte aus Böblingen, nahe bei Weil der Stadt im Neckarkreis, war alfo im engeren Sinn ein Landsmann Keplers. In Württemberg erhielt er feine erlle Anllellung und kehrte wieder dorthin zurück nach i7Jährigem Aufenthalt in Regensburg, wo er das Pfarrhaus in der Pfarrer• galle bewohnte. Universitätsbibliothek Historischer Verein für Regensburg urn:nbn:de:bvb:355-ubr00635-0005-1 Oberpfalz und Regensburg fein, die Rückkehr jedoch über Regensburg. Letztere Möglichkeit wird da• durch näher gerückt, daß bereits 1608 eine PoftVerbindung Paris—Augs• burg—Regensburg—Prag beftand; daß fchon vor diefer Zeit zahlreiche, in Graz ausgetriebene Proteftanten nach Regensburg übergefiedelt waren, darunter ein Freund Keplers, der bedeutende Arzt Johann Oberndorff er3; daß endlich Kepler mit dem hiefigen Bürger Oswald Aggerer* näher be• kannt war. Im Jahre 1611 während des Kampfes zwifchen Rudolf IL und feinem Bruder Matthias um die Krone Böhmens und die Hauptftadt Prag hatten raubende Söldnerhorden den Stadtteil rechts der Moldau, wo Kepler im Benediktinerftift Montferrat-Emaus wohnte, befetzt. Um diefe Zeit ftarb fein liebfter Sohn Friedrich und bald darauf, am 3. Juli, feine Frau Bar• bara, die fchon lange vorher erkrankt war. Seine Beziehungen zu Aggerer erhellen aus einem Brief, den Kepler am 8 Dr. Johann Oberndorffer, geboren 1549 in Kothen und geftorben 1625 dahier, war ein Sohn des gleichnamigen Diakons, der 1557 als Paftor an die Neu• pfarrkirche dahier kam. Er befuchte die hiefigen Schulen, dann die Univerfitäten in Jena und Wien, ließ fich 1584 als Arzt in Regensburg
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