JRASC-2003-12.Pdf
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
April's Super "Pink" Moon Will Be the Brightest Full Moon of 2020
April’s super "pink" moon will be the brightest full moon of 2020 By Theresa Machemer, Smithsonian.com, adapted by Newsela staff on 04.05.20 Word Count 590 Level MAX Image 1. This supermoon on March 9, 2020, called a Worm Moon, was the first of three supermoons in a row. Here, it rises behind the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. A supermoon occurs when the moon's orbit is closest to Earth. Photo: Joel Kowsky/NASA Avid stargazers and newcomers to the nighttime hobby can look forward to a lunar event in April. A super "pink" moon will rise into the night sky on April 7. It will be the brightest supermoon of 2020. A supermoon occurs when a full moon happens on the same night the moon reaches perigee. Perigee is the closest point to Earth in its orbit. Apogee is its farthest point from Earth in its orbit. In April, the full moon peaks at 10:35 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time. Though the moon is called a "pink" moon, its color won't be any different than normal. It will be golden orange when low in the sky. It will brighten to white as it rises. The name comes from pink wildflowers called creeping phlox that bloom in early spring, under April's full moon, according to Catherine Boeckmann at the "Old Farmer's Almanac." Supermoons are only about 7 percent bigger and 15 percent brighter than the average full moon. The difference between a supermoon and an average moon may not be obvious. -
The Archimedes' Lever and Vesuvius Eruption A.D. 79
Journal Of Anthropological And Archaeological Sciences DOI: 10.32474/JAAS.2020.01.000119 ISSN: 2690-5752 Research Article The Archimedes’ Lever and Vesuvius Eruption A.D. 79 Alexander N Safronov* AM Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia *Corresponding author: Alexander N Safronov, AM Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevskii, Moscow, Russia Received: February 07, 2020 Published: February 24, 2020 Abstract The study based on detailed analysis of the Villa of the Mysteries frescoes, which were discovered early at the excavations in Pompeii. It was shown that the Villa of the Mysteries is a school of priestesses-seismologists. It is established that the frescoes depict the process of priestesses introducing in the Hera seismoacoustic cult (Zeus-Hera-Dionysus cult). It is shown that in the Hera cult the wand strike on the back of the graduate priest student symbolizes the fact of the introduction of the priestesses to the priesthood. The comparison between Pythagoras School in Crotone, Southern Italy (Temple of the Muse) and Cumaean Sibyl seismoacoustic at margin of Campi Flegrei, Gulf of Naples and school at Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii was carried out. Some caustic remarks about interpretation of Homer and Lion Hunting were written. It is shown that Archimedes’ lever principal is theoretical basis of the Roman Empire volcanology and seismology. The Archimedes’ lever principal of planet alignment was demonstrated in several examples of the large up-to-date explosive eruptions with Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) greater than 4+ (6 examples). It was noted that the Pythagoras-Plato gravitational waves (vortexes) were known in Europe since Thales of Miletus and Pythagoras. -
Glossary Glossary
Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts. -
Syzygies a Conjunction Or an Opposition of the Sun with the Moon Occurs When the Elongation Between the Two Luminaries Is 0° Or
CHAPTER THIRTEEN SYZYGIES A conjunction or an opposition of the Sun with the Moon occurs when the elongation between the two luminaries is 0° or 180°, respec- tively. Syzygy is an astronomical term that refers both to conjunction and opposition. At mean syzygy, the double elongation, 2η ̄ = 0°, where ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ η ̄ = λm – λs, and λm and λs are the mean longitudes of the Moon and the Sun. Analogously, at true syzygy, the double elongation, 2η = 0°, where η = λm – λs, and λm and λs are the true longitudes of the Moon and the Sun. The determination of the time from mean to true syzygy, ∆t, an essential step in the calculation of eclipses, was historically one of the major problems considered in computational astronomy (Chabás and Goldstein 1992 and 1997). Figure 20 represents a mean conjunction of the Sun and the Moon (indicated by the direction of S ̄ and M̄ ) and its corresponding true conjunction (indicated by the direction of S´ and M´). In this case, the ̄ ̄ mean conjunction (when λs = λm), which takes place at time t, comes M S̅ M̅ S S’ M’ λ’ = λ’s O m Aries 0° ̅̅ λλm = s Figure 20: Mean and true syzygies 140 chapter thirteen Table 13.1A: Some historical values of the mean synodic month Mean synodic month 29;31,50,7,37,27,8,25d Parisian Alfonsine Tables 29;31,50,7,54,25,3,32d Levi ben Gerson 29;31,50,8,9,20d al-Ḥajjāj’s Arabic trans. of the Almagest, Copernicus 29;31,50,8,9,24d Ibn Yūnus, al-Bitrūjị̄ 29;31,50,8,14,38d Ibn al-Kammād 29;31,50,8,19,50d al-Battānī 29;31,50,8,20d Almagest, Toledan Tables after the true conjunction λ( s´ = λm´), which occurs at time t´, so that ∆t = t´ – t < 0. -
Hints Into Kepler's Method
Stefano Gattei [email protected] Hints into Kepler’s method ABSTRACT The Italian Academy, Columbia University February 4, 2009 Some of Johannes Kepler’s works seem very different in character. His youthful Mysterium cosmographicum (1596) argues for heliocentrism on the basis of metaphysical, astronomical, astrological, numerological, and architectonic principles. By contrast, Astronomia nova (1609) is far more tightly argued on the basis of only a few dynamical principles. In the eyes of many, such a contrast embodies a transition from Renaissance to early modern science. However, Kepler did not subsequently abandon the broader approach of his early works: similar metaphysical arguments reappeared in Harmonices mundi libri V (1619), and he reissued the Mysterium cosmographicum in a second edition in 1621, in which he qualified only some of his youthful arguments. I claim that the conceptual and stylistic features of the Astronomia nova – as well as of other “minor” works, such as Strena seu De nive sexangula (1611) or Nova stereometria doliorum vinariorum (1615) – are intimately related and were purposely chosen because of the response he knew to expect from the astronomical community to the revolutionary changes in astronomy he was proposing. Far from being a stream-of-consciousness or merely rhetorical kind of narrative, as many scholars have argued, Kepler’s expository method was carefully calculated both to convince his readers and to engage them in a critical discussion in the joint effort to know God’s design. By abandoning the perspective of the inductivist philosophy of science, which is forced by its own standards to portray Kepler as a “sleepwalker,” I argue that the key lies in the examination of Kepler’s method: whether considering the functioning and structure of the heavens or the tiny geometry of the little snowflakes, he never hesitated to discuss his own intellectual journey, offering a rational reconstruction of the series of false starts, blind alleys, and failures he encountered. -
Planetary Tides and Sunspot Cycles
PLANETARY TIDES AND SUNSPOT CYCLES J. J. CONDON and R. R. SCHMIDT Dept. of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blaeksburg, Va. 24061, U.S.A. (Received 17 February, 1975) Abstract. There is an empirical function of the beights of tides on tbe Sun produced by Venus, Earth, and Jupiter whose period is nearly equal to that of the 11-yr sunspot cycle (Wood, 1972). This period match has been used in suggestions that planetary tides cause sunspots and, indirectly, terrestrial climate changes and earthquakes. We derive the period of the tidal function in terms of the planetary orbital periods and show that it is artificially lengthened by aliasing. Furthermore, there exists a class of functions whose measure in frequency space is so great that, in the absence of a physical justification for preferring one member, no statistically significant period match can possibly be made with current sunspot data. A close correlation between the periods of the 11-yr sunspot cycle and a function of planetary tidal height on the Sun has recently been found by Wood (1972). Aside from being intrinsically interesting, it merits further study because it has been used in models which predict long-term global climate changes (Gribbin, 1973) and major earth- quakes (Gribbin and Plagemann, 1974). No physical motivation for the choice of Wood's rather complicated function - the smoothed magnitude of the change in tidal height raised by Venus and Earth in the direction of Jupiter between successive align- ments (either oppositions or conjunctions) of Venus and Earth - has been given, nor has the basis of its 11-yr periodicity been explained. -
Thinking Outside the Sphere Views of the Stars from Aristotle to Herschel Thinking Outside the Sphere
Thinking Outside the Sphere Views of the Stars from Aristotle to Herschel Thinking Outside the Sphere A Constellation of Rare Books from the History of Science Collection The exhibition was made possible by generous support from Mr. & Mrs. James B. Hebenstreit and Mrs. Lathrop M. Gates. CATALOG OF THE EXHIBITION Linda Hall Library Linda Hall Library of Science, Engineering and Technology Cynthia J. Rogers, Curator 5109 Cherry Street Kansas City MO 64110 1 Thinking Outside the Sphere is held in copyright by the Linda Hall Library, 2010, and any reproduction of text or images requires permission. The Linda Hall Library is an independently funded library devoted to science, engineering and technology which is used extensively by The exhibition opened at the Linda Hall Library April 22 and closed companies, academic institutions and individuals throughout the world. September 18, 2010. The Library was established by the wills of Herbert and Linda Hall and opened in 1946. It is located on a 14 acre arboretum in Kansas City, Missouri, the site of the former home of Herbert and Linda Hall. Sources of images on preliminary pages: Page 1, cover left: Peter Apian. Cosmographia, 1550. We invite you to visit the Library or our website at www.lindahlll.org. Page 1, right: Camille Flammarion. L'atmosphère météorologie populaire, 1888. Page 3, Table of contents: Leonhard Euler. Theoria motuum planetarum et cometarum, 1744. 2 Table of Contents Introduction Section1 The Ancient Universe Section2 The Enduring Earth-Centered System Section3 The Sun Takes -
Who We Are… Syz-Y-Gy [Siz-Ehh-Jee] – N. a Perfect Astronomical Alignment of Three Objects Such As the Sun the Earth And
Who we are… Solving the toughest information awareness challenges for those in harm’s way Syzygy prides ourselves on leaning forward to support those that protect the homeland. From supporting hurricane response to providing technology to secure our borders Syzygy always delivers. TAK Development Capabilities General Capabilities • Syzygy develops code across all TAK • Software development: Linux, Windows, iOS, platforms: ATAK, plugins, iTAK, TAK Server, Android, DevOps/Cloud WinTAK, WebTAK • AWS, GovCloud, Azure, and FirstNet • Full DevOps team for auto-deployment for Developers on-prem TAK Infrastructure solutions • Custom geospatial applications • TAK Integration / Plugin development for • Integration expertise: sUAS, CUAS, EO/IR, communications (MANET/SATCOM), sensors radar, communications (camera/radar/sUAS/CUAS) • Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) subject • Full training capabilities – End User, Admin, matter experts: design, deployment, Train the Trainer integration, sustainment • Full sustainment capabilities – • Security experts: DISA STIG software/infrastructure maintenance, implementation/automation helpdesk • Cloud automation • Field support for operational training/deployment • Training Development & Delivery • General TAK operational subject matter • Hardware Development expertise • Full system development, deployment, and sustainment syz-y-gy [siz-ehh-jee] – n. A perfect astronomical alignment of three objects such as the sun the earth and the moon For More Information Contact: [email protected] | www.syzygyintegration.com Equipment described herein is subject to US export regulations and may require a license prior to export. Diversion contrary to US law is prohibited. Imagery for illustration purposes only. Specifications are subject to change without notice. SNAP is a registered trademark of Syzygy Integration LLC. ©2020 Syzygy Integration LLC Simple Network Access Point Enterprise services ... at the operational edge SNAP-E (Edge) pushes enterprise services to the operational edge. -
El Dragon De Gaudi En Barcelona
NETWORK FOR ASTRONOMY SCHOOL EDUCATION EL DRAGON DE GAUDI EN BARCELONA Rosa M. Ros – NASE Introducción En 1884 Gaudí proyecta los pabellones de entrada y los jardines de la finca que tiene Eusebi Güell Bacigalupi en la zona de Pedralbes en Barcelona como un homenaje póstumo al suegro del Sr. Güell que pasaba temporadas en dicha finca. El martes 16 de enero de 1883 falleció en Barcelona el primer Marqués de Comillas, Antonio López López y los Pabellones Güell se realizan del 1884 al 1887. Para ello Gaudí se inspira en el Jardín de las Hespérides tal y como Jacinto Verdaguer lo describía en su poema La Atlántida. Verdaguer dedicó este poema en 1877 al Marqués de Comillas, y curiosamente el autor lo termino de escribir en esta misma finca. La finca Güell El conjunto se compone de la casa de los guardias y las caballerizas. Dos casas unidas por una puerta monumental (figura 1). En la entrada destaca la gran escultura de hierro forjado de Ladón, el dragón mitológico adversario de Hércules en su undécimo trabajo. Después de la muerte de Eusebio Güell, en 1918, sus descendientes ceden la casa y parte de los terrenos de la finca para construcción del Palacio Real de Pedralbes. Las antiguas caballerizas, el picador y la casa del guardia forman parte actualmente de la Universidad de Barcelona. Las caballerizas son la sede actual de la Real Cátedra Gaudí de la Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña. Figura 1: Pabellones de la Finca Güell: Casa del Guardia, puerta y Caballerizas. NETWORK FOR ASTRONOMY SCHOOL EDUCATION Este precioso conjunto modernista, tiene una de las puertas de hierro forjado mas fotografiadas de Barcelona (figura 1). -
Borromini and the Cultural Context of Kepler's Harmonices Mundi
Borromini and the Dr Valerie Shrimplin cultural context of [email protected] Kepler’sHarmonices om Mundi • • • • Francesco Borromini, S Carlo alle Quattro Fontane Rome (dome) Harmonices Mundi, Bk II, p. 64 Facsimile, Carnegie-Mellon University Francesco Borromini, S Ivo alla Sapienza Rome (dome) Harmonices Mundi, Bk IV, p. 137 • Vitruvius • Scriptures – cosmology and The Genesis, Isaiah, Psalms) cosmological • Early Christian - dome of heaven view of the • Byzantine - domed architecture universe and • Renaissance revival – religious art/architecture symbolism of centrally planned churches • Baroque (17th century) non-circular domes as related to Kepler’s views* *INSAP II, Malta 1999 Cosmas Indicopleustes, Universe 6th cent Last Judgment 6th century (VatGr699) Celestial domes Monastery at Daphne (Δάφνη) 11th century S Sophia, Constantinople (built 532-37) ‘hanging architecture’ Galla Placidia, 425 St Mark’s Venice, late 11th century Evidence of Michelangelo interests in Art and Cosmology (Last Judgment); Music/proportion and Mathematics Giacomo Vignola (1507-73) St Andrea in Via Flaminia 1550-1553 Church of San Giacomo in Augusta, in Rome, Italy, completed by Carlo Maderno 1600 [painting is 19th century] Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri, 1620’s (Borromini with Maderno) Leonardo da Vinci, Notebooks (318r Codex Atlanticus c 1510) Amboise Bachot, 1598 Following p. 52 Astronomia Nova Link between architecture and cosmology (as above) Ovals used as standard ellipse approximation Significant change/increase Revival of neoplatonic terms, geometrical bases in early 17th (ellipse, oval, equilateral triangle) century Fundamental in Harmonices Mundi where orbit of every planet is ellipse with sun at one of foci Borromini combined practical skills with scientific learning and culture • Formative years in Milan (stonemason) • ‘Artistic anarchist’ – innovation and disorder. -
MEGACATASTROPHES! Nine Strange Ways the World Could End
MEGACATASTROPHES! Nine Strange Ways the World Could End DAVID DARLING & DIRK SCHULZE-MAKUCH Prelims.indd iii 2/9/2012 4:59:17 PM A Oneworld Book Published by Oneworld Publications 2012 Copyright © David Darling and Dirk Schulze-Makuch 2012 The moral rights of David Darling and Dirk Schulze-Makuch to be identifi ed as the Authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved Copyright under Berne Convention A CIP record for this title is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-85168-905-7 ISBN 978-1-78074-027-0 (Ebook) Typeset by Jayvee, Trivandrum, India Cover design by Richard Green Oneworld Publications 185 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7AR England Learn more about Oneworld. Join our mailing list to fi nd about our latest titles and special off ers at: www.oneworld-publications.com Prelims.indd iv 2/9/2012 4:59:18 PM CONTENTS Illustrations vii Acknowledgements ix Introduction xi Meet the Catastrophometer xxi 1 Nano nightmare 1 2 When physics goes wrong 17 3 The enemy within 43 4 March of the machine mind 71 5 Kaboom! 93 6 Forbidding planet 109 7 Torino 10 129 8 Menace from across the light years 149 9 Dark contact 173 Conclusions 187 Notes 189 Further reading 193 Index 195 v Prelims.indd v 2/9/2012 4:59:18 PM ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1: The Catastrophometer xxii Figure 2: A buckytube – a rolled sheet of hexagonally- linked carbon atoms 4 Figure 3: The letters “IBM” spelled out using 35 xenon atoms 8 Figure 4: A nanocar built by a team of engineers at Rice University -
GTO Keypad Manual, V5.001
ASTRO-PHYSICS GTO KEYPAD Version v5.xxx Please read the manual even if you are familiar with previous keypad versions Flash RAM Updates Keypad Java updates can be accomplished through the Internet. Check our web site www.astro-physics.com/software-updates/ November 11, 2020 ASTRO-PHYSICS KEYPAD MANUAL FOR MACH2GTO Version 5.xxx November 11, 2020 ABOUT THIS MANUAL 4 REQUIREMENTS 5 What Mount Control Box Do I Need? 5 Can I Upgrade My Present Keypad? 5 GTO KEYPAD 6 Layout and Buttons of the Keypad 6 Vacuum Fluorescent Display 6 N-S-E-W Directional Buttons 6 STOP Button 6 <PREV and NEXT> Buttons 7 Number Buttons 7 GOTO Button 7 ± Button 7 MENU / ESC Button 7 RECAL and NEXT> Buttons Pressed Simultaneously 7 ENT Button 7 Retractable Hanger 7 Keypad Protector 8 Keypad Care and Warranty 8 Warranty 8 Keypad Battery for 512K Memory Boards 8 Cleaning Red Keypad Display 8 Temperature Ratings 8 Environmental Recommendation 8 GETTING STARTED – DO THIS AT HOME, IF POSSIBLE 9 Set Up your Mount and Cable Connections 9 Gather Basic Information 9 Enter Your Location, Time and Date 9 Set Up Your Mount in the Field 10 Polar Alignment 10 Mach2GTO Daytime Alignment Routine 10 KEYPAD START UP SEQUENCE FOR NEW SETUPS OR SETUP IN NEW LOCATION 11 Assemble Your Mount 11 Startup Sequence 11 Location 11 Select Existing Location 11 Set Up New Location 11 Date and Time 12 Additional Information 12 KEYPAD START UP SEQUENCE FOR MOUNTS USED AT THE SAME LOCATION WITHOUT A COMPUTER 13 KEYPAD START UP SEQUENCE FOR COMPUTER CONTROLLED MOUNTS 14 1 OBJECTS MENU – HAVE SOME FUN!