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Ordo: Araneae) Permukaan Tanah Di Hutan Sokokembang, Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah

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Ordo: Araneae) Permukaan Tanah Di Hutan Sokokembang, Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah KOMUNITAS LABA-LABA (ORDO: ARANEAE) PERMUKAAN TANAH DI HUTAN SOKOKEMBANG, PEKALONGAN, JAWA TENGAH ANDIKA DWI NUGROHO PROGRAM STUDI BIOLOGI FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2018 M / 1439 H KOMUNITAS LABA-LABA (ORDO: ARANEAE) PERMUKAAN TANAH DI HUTAN SOKOKEMBANG PEKALONGAN, JAWA TENGAH Skripsi Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sains Pada Program Studi Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta Oleh: Andika Dwi Nugroho 11130950000003 PROGRAM STUDI BIOLOGI FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2018 M/1439 H ABSTRAK ANDIKA DWI NUGROHO. Komunitas Laba-laba (Ordo: Araneae) Permukaan Tanah di Hutan Sokokembang, Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah. Skripsi. Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Dibimbing oleh Dr. Fahma Wijayanti, M.Si dan Narti Fitriana, M.Si. 2017. Laba-laba merupakan pemangsa utama dari berbagai serangga sehingga dapat berfungsi sebagai agen pengendali hayati dan berperan penting pada suatu ekosistem. Kehidupan laba-laba erat kaitannya dengan parameter faktor lingkungan, struktur vegetasi dan topografi dari suatu habitat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas dan pola sebaran laba-laba permukaan tanah dengan mengidentifikasi jenis laba-laba tanah di Hutan Sokokembang, Pekalongan. Pengambilan sampel laba-laba dilakukan di tiga habitat yang berbeda (hutan alam, hutan kopi dan area pemukiman) dengan menggunakan metode pitfall trap yang berisi gliserin dan air dalam kuadrat seluas 10 x 10 m. Pitfall trap ditanam pada setiap kuadrat sehingga dalam satu habitat berjumlah 75 unit pitfall trap. Penentuan titik sampling menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pemanenan dilakukan setelah 24 jam. Setelah diidentifikasi ditemukan sebanyak 1 subordo, 5 famili, 9 genera dan 13 jenis laba-laba permukaan tanah. Ctenus monaghani dan Thyene sp. ditemukan di setiap habitat dengan individu terbanyak. Nilai indeks dominansi (Di) tertinggi terdapat pada jenis Ctenus monaghani dengan nilai 47%. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman (H’) tertinggi terdapat pada hutan alam dengan nilai 1,87. Nilai indeks kemerataan (E) tertinggi terdapat pada hutan alam dengan nilai 0.78 dan nilai indeks kesamaan (S) tertinggi terdapat di antara hutan alam dan hutan kopi serta hutan alam dan area pemukiman dengan nilai 59 %. Analisis CCA menujukkan terdapat 4 kelompok laba-laba yang memiliki kecenderungan berbeda dalam memilih habitat dan terdapat pengaruh yang nyata terhadap keanekaragaman laba-laba permukaan tanah di Hutan Sokokembang yaitu pH tanah dengan P-value = 0.0020. Struktur komunitas laba- laba permukaan tanah disusun oleh keanekaragaman jenis, kemerataan jenis, dominansi, kesamaan jenis dan pola sebaran jenis. Kata kunci : Habitat, Laba-laba permukaan tanah, Pitfall trap i ABSTRACT ANDIKA DWI NUGROHO. Community of Land Surface Spider (Order: Araneae) in Sokokembang Forest, Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah. Undergraduate Thesis. Department of Biology. Faculty of Science and Technology. State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta. Advised by Dr. Fahma Wijayanti, M. Si and Narti Fitriana, M. Si. 2017. As the main predator of any kinds of insect, spiders are considered as a biological control agent that has an important role in the acosystem. Spiders life closely related with environmental parameter factors, vegetation structure and topography of a habitat. The purposes of this research were to understand community structure and distribution pattern of land surface spider by identified the spider species forest in Sokokembang, Pekalongan. Spiders sampels were collected from 3 different habbitats (nature forest, coffee forest and resident area) the samples were collected using pitfall trap method which contains glyceryn and water in a 10x10m quadrant area. Pitfall traps were planted in each quadrant which contain 75 units of pitfall traps. Sampling points were determined using purposive sampling method. This traps were done after 24 hours. The results showed that 1 suborder, 5 families, 9 Genera, and 13 species of ground spiders were found. Ctenus monaghani and Thyene sp. had the highest number of individual and found in every habitat. The highest value of dominance index (Di) was in the natural forest with 47% for the species Ctenus monaghani. The highest value of diversity index (H’) was in the natural forest with 1.87. Evenness index (E) value is highest at natural forest with 0.78 and the highest value of similarity index (S) was found between natural forests and coffee forests and natural forest and residential areas 59%. CCA analysis illustrates, there are 4 groups of spiders which has inclination in choosing the habitat. There is also a real influence toward the diversity of soil surface spiders in Sokokembang Forest such as the value pH soil, which has P-value = 0.0020. Community structure of soil surface spiders were consisted of diversity, evenness, dominance, similarity and distribution pattern of species. Keywords : Habitats, Land Surface Spiders, pitfall trap KATA PENGANTAR Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, karena atas rahmat dan karunianya telah memberi kemudahan bagi penulis dalam menyelesaikan proses penyusunan skripsi ini. Skripsi merupakan salah satu kegiatan wajib yang harus dilakukan oleh mahasiswa biologi guna memenuhi syarat perkuliahan di Program Studi Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Penulis melaksanakan penelitian di Hutan Sokokembang, Dusun Sokokembang, Desa Kayupuring, Kabupaten Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah dengan judul “KOMUNITAS LABA-LABA (ORDO ARANEAE) PERMUKAAN TANAH DI HUTAN SOKOKEMBANG, PEKALONGAN, JAWA TENGAH”. Penyelesaian penelitian ini didukung oleh berbagai pihak baik dukungan secara moril maupun materil. Oleh karena itu, penulis berterimakasih kepada: 1. Kedua orang tua dan keluarga besar yang telah memberikan do’a dan dukungannya kepada penulis. 2. Dr. Agus Salim, M.Si. selaku Dekan Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta yang telah memberikan izin dan dukungan untuk melakukan penelitian ini. 3. Dr. Dasumiati, M.Si selaku Ketua Program Studi Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta yang telah memberikan izin dan dukungan untuk melakukan penelitian ini. 4. Dr. Fahma Wijayanti, M.Si, selaku pembimbing I yang telah meluangkan waktu untuk memberi masukan serta bimbingan kepada penulis. iii 5. Narti Fitriana, M.Si, selaku pembimbing II yang telah meluangkan waktu untuk memberi masukan serta bimbingan kepada penulis. 6. Dr. Priyanti, M.Si dan Etyn Yunita, M.Si selaku penguji sidang skripsi yang telah memberikan saran dan masukkan untuk skripsi ini. 7. Dr. Iwan Aminuddin dan Meiry Fadilah Noor, M.Si selaku penguji seminar proposal dan seminar hasil penulis yang telah memberikan saran dan masukkan untuk skripsi ini. 8. Seluruh dosen yang telah mendidik penulis selama menuntut ilmu di Jurusan Biologi fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Syarif HIdayatullah Jakarta. 9. Teman-teman tim penelitian di Hutan Sokokembang Sarah, Eka, Tari, Azzam, Ilham, yang telah berusaha bersama selama proses survei sampai selesainya penelitian ini nantinya. 10. Dea Amalya Permata Sari dan teman-teman seperjuangan Program Studi Biologi angkatan 2013. Demikianlah skripsi ini disusun, semoga bermanfaat bagi para pembaca untuk menambah bekal ilmu pengetahuan dan wawasan. Aamiin. Jakarta, Januari 2018 Penulis DAFTAR ISI Hlm. ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... ii KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... iii DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................... v DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... vii DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... viii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................... ix BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1. Latar Belakang........................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ..................................................................................... 4 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................................... 4 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................................... 4 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1. Klasifikasi Laba-laba ................................................................................. 5 2.2. Morfologi Laba-laba .................................................................................. 6 2.3. Siklus Hidup Laba-laba ............................................................................. 8 2.4. Ekologi laba-laba ..................................................................................... 10 2.5. Pola distribusi laba-laba .......................................................................... 12 2.6. Hutan Sokokembang ............................................................................... 13 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
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