Mooidraai Township Establishment (Zamdela Ext
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PHASE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT MOOIDRAAI TOWNSHIP ESTABLISHMENT (ZAMDELA EXT. 17), PORTIONS OF PORTION 1 AND THE REMAINDER OF THE FARM MOOIDRAAI 44, SASOLBURG, FREE STATE, SOUTH AFRICA DATE: 2007-10-23 REPORT TO: YANDISA MASHALABA (YB Mashalaba & Associates Consultants) Tel: 082 550 3317; Fax: 051 448 8568; Postal Address: P.O. Box 3159, Bloemfontein, 9300; E-mail: [email protected] LORATO TLHOMELANG (NSVT Consultants) Tel: 051 446 1914; Fax: 051 446 1914; Postal Address: P.O. Box 38201, Langenhovenpark, 9330; E-mail: [email protected] ANDREW SALOMON (South African Heritage Resources Agency / SAHRA – Head Office) Tel: 021 462 4505; Fax: 021 462 4509; Postal Address: P.O. Box 4637, Cape Town, 8000; E-mail: [email protected] GABRIEL TLHAPI (South African Heritage Resources Agency / SAHRA – Free State) Tel: 051 430 4139; Fax: 051 448 2536; Postal Address: P.O. Box 9743, Bloemfontein, 9300; E-mail: [email protected] JEANNE NEL (Free State Heritage Resources Agency – FSHRA) Tel: 051 410 4750; Fax: 051 410 4751; Postal Address: Private Bag X20606, Bloemfontein; 9300; E-mail: [email protected] PREPARED BY: KAREN VAN RYNEVELD (ArchaeoMaps Archaeological Consultancy) Tel: 084 871 1064; Fax: N/A; Postal Address: P.O. Box 28530, Danhof, 9310; E-mail: [email protected] PHASE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT MOOIDRAAI TOWNSHIP ESTABLISHMENT (ZAMDELA EXT. 17), PORTIONS OF PORTION 1 AND THE REMAINDER OF THE FARM MOOIDRAAI 44, SASOLBURG, FREE STATE, SOUTH AFRICA CONTENTS 1) TERMS OF REFERENCE...................................................................................................2 1.1) DEVELOPMENT LOCATION AND IMPACT ....................................................................................3 2) THE PHASE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ................................................5 2.1) ARCHAEOLOGICAL LEGISLATIVE COMPLIANCE.........................................................................5 2.2) COVERAGE AND GAP ANALYSIS...................................................................................................5 2.3) METHODOLOGY............................................................................................................................6 2.4.1) SITE DESCRIPTIONS............................................................................................................................... 8 2.4.1.1) SITE M1: Contemporary Cultural Heritage Feature - Commemorative Crosses………………………….9 2.4.1.2) SITE M2: Contemporary Cultural Heritage Feature - De Beer’s Residence ........................................10 2.4.1.3) SITE M3: Contemporary Cultural Heritage Feature - Sisanane Victim Support Cluster.......................11 2.4.1.4) SITE M4: Historical Period Site - Mooidraai 44 Farmstead............................................................12 2.4.1.5) SITE M5: Contemporary Cultural Heritage Feature - Low Density Residential Development ...............14 2.4.2) CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................15 3) RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................................... 16 4) REFERENCES CITED ..................................................................................................... 18 APPENDIX A: SCHEMATIC OUTLINE OF THE PRE-HISTORIC AND HISTORIC PERIODS……………………………………………..19 APPENDIX B: EXTRACTS FROM THE NATIONAL HERITAGE RESOURCES ACT (NO 25 OF 1999)……………………………………20 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Cultural Heritage Site Significance Assessment and Mitigation Recommendations................................6 Table 2: Summary of the proposed development area, identified and associated cultural heritage resources and relevant recommendations...............................................................................................................................17 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Sasolburg, Free State, South Africa.....................................................................................................3 Figure 2: Location of the Mooidraai 44 property (red outline) and the proposed Mooidraai Township Establishment development area (red filled) in relation to Sasolburg…………………………………………………4 Figure 3: The Mooidraai Township Establishment development area (red filled), located on an approximate 270ha area of portions of Portion 1 and the Remainder of the Farm Mooidraai 44 (red outline) ..........................5 Figure 4: General view of the proposed development area with the ....................................................................7 Figure 5: The Mooidraai central access road running through the ......................................................................7 Figure 6: Phase 1 AIA assessment findings........................................................................................................8 Figure 7: Site M1, contemporary commemorative crosses located......................................................................9 Figure 8: The De Beer’s residence ...................................................................................................................10 Figure 9: The Sisanane Victim Support Cluster................................................................................................11 Figure 10: General view of the Mooidraai 44 Historical Farmstead ..................................................................12 Figure 11: The original Mooidraai 44 farmhouse comprising part ....................................................................13 Figure 12: Mooidraai 44 historical farmstead outbuildings ...............................................................................13 Figure 13: Mooidraai 44 historical farmstead infrastructure .............................................................................13 Figure 14: The contemporary low-density residential development...................................................................14 MOOIDRAAI TOWNSHIP ESTABLISHMENT, SASOLBURG, FREE STATE YB MASHALABA & ASSOCIATES NSVT CONSULTANTS 2 1) TERMS OF REFERENCE The proposed Mooidraai Township Establishment (Zamdela Ext. 17), Sasolburg, Free State, aims to address the increased demand for accommodation in the Zamdela Township, near Sasolburg, Free State. The proposed, approximate 170ha development will comprise of more than 5,000 low and medium residential erven and related infrastructure including schools, business localities, churches and recreational /open areas. Associated linear development will include as minimum access roads, water and sewerage. 1.1) DEVELOPMENT LOCATION AND IMPACT The Mooidraai Township Establishment will be located on an approximate 270ha development area comprising of portions of Portion 1 and the Remainder of the Farm Mooidraai 44, Sasolburg, Free State (1:50,000 map ref. – 2627DD). The development will impact on the total surface area of the approximate 160ha development area to an estimated sub-surface level of approximately 1.5m deep. Development impact on the affected area will be total; resulting in the loss of all surface and sub-surface heritage sites / features that may be present within the proposed development area. Figure 1: Sasolburg, Free State, South Africa MOOIDRAAI TOWNSHIP ESTABLISHMENT, SASOLBURG, FREE STATE YB MASHALABA & ASSOCIATES NSVT CONSULTANTS 3 Figure 2: Location of the Mooidraai 44 property (red outline) and the proposed Mooidraai Township Establishment development area (red filled) in relation to Sasolburg MOOIDRAAI TOWNSHIP ESTABLISHMENT, SASOLBURG, FREE STATE YB MASHALABA & ASSOCIATES NSVT CONSULTANTS 4 2) THE PHASE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 2.1) ARCHAEOLOGICAL LEGISLATIVE COMPLIANCE The Phase 1 Archaeological Impact Assessment (AIA) was requested by the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) mandatory responsible for the National Heritage Resources Act, Act No 25 of 1999 (NHRA 1999). The Phase 1 AIA’s was requested as specialist sub-section to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in compliance with requirements of the National Environmental Management Act, No 107 of 1998 (NEMA 1998) and associated regulations (2006), and the NHRA 1999 and associated regulations (2000). The Phase 1 AIA aimed to locate, identify and assess the significance of cultural heritage resources, inclusive of archaeological deposits / sites, built structures older than 60 years, sites of cultural significance associated with oral histories, burial grounds and graves, graves of victims of conflict and cultural landscapes or viewscapes as defined and protected by the NHRA 1999, that may be affected by the proposed development. Palaeontological deposits / sites as defined and protected by the NHRA 1999 are not included as subject to this report. 2.2) COVERAGE AND GAP ANALYSIS Figure 3: The Mooidraai Township Establishment development area (red filled), located on an approximate 270ha area of portions of Portion 1 and the Remainder of the Farm Mooidraai 44 (red outline) MOOIDRAAI TOWNSHIP ESTABLISHMENT, SASOLBURG, FREE STATE YB MASHALABA & ASSOCIATES NSVT CONSULTANTS 5 The Phase 1 AIA covered the approximate 270ha development area of the proposed Moodraai Township Establishment, Sasolburg, Free State and immediate surrounds. Access to the development area is via existing tarmac roads and within the proposed development area by limited gravel access roads. 2.3) METHODOLOGY The Phase 1 AIA was conducted over a two day period (2007-09-10 to 2007-09-11) by one archaeologist.