085.056.0119

Euphorbia talassica (E. sect. Esula, Euphorbiaceae), a New Species of Leafy Spurges from the Western Tian-Shan

Authors: Georgy A. Lazkov, and Alexander N. Sennikov

Source: Annales Botanici Fennici, 56(1-3) : 135-143

Published By: Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board

URL: https://doi.org/10.5735/085.056.0119

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Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Annales-Botanici-Fennici on 11 Jul 2019 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Helsinki University Ann. Bot. Fennici 56: 135–143 ISSN 0003-3847 (print) ISSN 1797-2442 (online) Helsinki 19 December 2018 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2019

Euphorbia talassica (E. sect. Esula, Euphorbiaceae), a new species of leafy spurges from the Western Tian-Shan

Georgy A. Lazkov1 & Alexander N. Sennikov2,3,*

1) Laboratory of Flora, Institute of Biology, Kyrgyz Academy of Sciences, 720071 Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic 2) Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland (*corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]) 3) Herbarium, Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov Str. 2, RU-197376 St. Petersburg, Russia

Received 20 Aug. 2018, final version received 15 Oct. 2018, accepted 15 Oct. 2018

Lazkov G.A. & Sennikov A.N. 2019: Euphorbia talassica (E. sect. Esula, Euphorbiaceae), a new species of leafy spurges from the Western Tian-Shan. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 56: 135–143.

A species of Euphorbia sect. Esula (Euphorbiaceae) from the Western Tian-Shan, Central Asia, is described as new to science. Euphorbia talassica sp. nova occurs in the Talas Mountain Range in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, and falls into E. ser. Andrachnoides because of its relatively short and broad leaves. Euphorbia talassica is most similar to E. irgisensis, from which it differs by having a slender and spreading rootstock (vs. a vertical taproot), and incrassate (vs. thin) leaves. The new species also grows at much higher elevations. Euphorbia ser. Andrachnoides is overviewed for Central Asia and adjacent areas, with seven species discussed and mapped.

Introduction The taxonomy of E. sect. Esula in Cen- tral Asia was developed by Prokhanov (1949, Euphorbia subgen. Esula sect. Esula (Euphorbia 1964). Earlier Prokhanov (1933) had described ceae) is one of the most species-rich group of the majority of species in this group. His works spurges. It includes at least 96 species of peren- (Prokhanov 1933, 1949, 1964) laid a firm basis nial herbs or subshrubs with alternate, linear to for further taxonomic studies on Euphorbia in elliptic (or ovate) leaves and four cyathial glands Central Asia and the former USSR as a whole. that are semilunate or trapezoidal, and with two Prokhanov (1933) examined a specimen horn-like appendages (Riina et al. 2013). (Kultiasov 18a) of E. sect. Esula ser. Andrach Sixteen species of E. sect. Esula are placed noides from the Talas Alatau Mts., which he ten- in the Irano-Turanian floristic element (Geltman tatively included in E. irgisensis (as Tithymalus 2015), which is characteristic of arid lowlands irgisensis) but noted the differences in the plant and mountains of Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, habit and pubescence, as well as in the distribu- Central Asia, northwestern China and Mongolia tion area. These differences, he assumed, may (Takhtajan 1986). Of those, ten species are pre- indicate a species-level distinction which he was sent in Central Asia (Nasimova 1983). not able to confirm due to the paucity of material.

However, in further works Prokhanov (1949) did guages were transliterated according to the cur- not mention the presence of any species of E. ser. rent national Latin scripts. The romanization Andrachnoides in the Western Tian-Shan. of the taxonomic authors’ names follows the Later (Gamajunova 1963) such plants were original publications, as advised in Rec. 46B.1 in erroneously referred to as E. tianshanica, a spe- Turland et al. (2018). cies of E. sect. Holophyllum. This section is characterized by typically very broad leaves, and four or five cyathial glands that are elliptic or Taxonomy reniform and lack appendages (Prokhanov 1949, Riina et al. 2013). These characters are quite dif- Euphorbia talassica Lazkov & Sennikov, ferent from those of the plants from the Western sp. nova (E. sect. Esula ser. Andrachnoides; Tian-Shan. Besides, E. tianshanica is endemic Figs. 1 and 2) to the area surrounding the western part of lake Ysyk-Köl (Prokhanov 1949), and its occurrence Type: Kyrgyzstan. Talas Range (southern side): near the in the Western Tian-Shan is highly unlikely. In confluence of Jamgyr and Myrzash Rivers (right tributary of Kara-Kysmak river), on screes among dwarf juniper thickets, spite of this apparent mismatch, E. tianshanica 2720 m a.s.l., 42.170603°N, 71.537167°E, 13 June 2018 (syn. E. prokhanovii) was mentioned as being G.A. Lazkov (holotype LE; isotypes FRU, MW). — Other present in the Talas Alatau by Karmyscheva specimens (paratypes), observations and records: Kazakh- (1973, 1982) and Nasimova (1983). stan. Aqsý-Jabaǵyly Nature Reserve: Kishi-Qaıyńdy, 18 After discovering a population of this taxon August 1922 M.V. Kultiasov 18a (TASH); Kóksaı (Karmy- scheva 1973); Qasqabulaq, 16 July 2017 V. Kolbintsev (www. in the Kyrgyz part of the Talas Alatau, and seeing plantarium.ru); Úlken-Qaıyńdy, 18 June 2018 V. Kolbintsev good photographs of the taxon from Kazakh- (www.plantarium.ru). stan, we became convinced that the differences Etymology: The species name is derived from the Talas between these plants and E. irgisensis are stable Mountain Range. and the plants belong to an undescribed species of E. ser. Andrachnoides. Species nova a Euphorbia irgisensi rhizo matibus tenuibus (nec radice verticali), foliis crassioribus, nec non glabritie bene differt. A Material and methods Euphorbia saurica ovario glabro, cyathii foliis viridibus margine rubescentibus (nec flavescen Field work was conducted in the Western Tian- tibus), nec non umbellae terminalis radiis pauci Shan to complete the information published in oribus (4–6, nec 8–10) dignoscitur. the latest checklist of vascular plants of Kyr- gyzstan (Lazkov & Sultanova 2014). Taxonomic Perennial herbs 10–25 cm tall, slightly literature (Prokhanov 1933, 1949, 1964, Baikov glaucous, nearly glabrous. Rootstock slender, 2007, 2009) was examined to determine the rela- spreading, branched. Caudex slightly branched, tionships of the new species. with remnants of old stems. Stems erect, a The species description follows the standards few, slender, not overwintering, glabrous; ster- of Prokhanov (1933, 1949); terminology fol- ile stems present, not overtopping inflores- lows Berry et al. (2016). The species distribution cence, unbranched; fertile stems with flowering was traced from literature (Prokhanov 1933, branches in upper third or half, with or without Karmyscheva 1973) and online resources (www. short sterile branches in lower half. Leaves alter- plantarium.ru). Distribution data on the related nate, incrassate, stipules absent; leaves on ster- species in Central Asia were obtained from flo- ile stems narrowly oblong or oblong-obovate, ristic and taxonomic literature (e.g. Nasimova 1.5–2 ¥ 0.4–0.6 cm, petioles 1–1.2 mm long; 1983, Baikov 2009). Distribution maps were leaves on fertile stems elliptical, slightly ovate or made using the same procedure as in Lazkov and obovate, or oblong-obovate, broadest at middle Sennikov (2017). part, 0.8–2 ¥ 0.4–0.9 cm, glabrous or with a Toponyms and personal names in the few hairs at base, uninervous below, petioles less Karakalpak, Kazakh, Kyrgyz and Turkmen lan- than 1 mm long. Inflorescence a terminal pseu-

Fig. 1. Euphorbia talassica in Kyrgyzstan.

dumbel, with a few to several lateral branches broad leaves, in agreement with the provisional below; terminal pleiochasial branches dichoto- identification by Prokhanov (1933). The leaf char- mous, usually 4–6; pleiochasial bracts 5, ovate acters strikingly distinguish this species from E. or subrotund to oblong-ovate, 0.8–1.5 ¥ 0.5– jaxartica, the only sympatric species of the same 0.8 cm; dichasial bracts 2, broadly triangular- section which was treated as belonging to E. ser. ovate, green with reddish margins. Cyathium ca. Virgatae (Prokhanov 1964). Phylogenetic analy- 2 mm long; involucre lobes rounded, ciliate on ses (Riina et al. 2013, Pahlevani et al. 2017) do margins; cyathial glands 4, yellowish, append- not support separation of E. ser. Virgatae (leaves ages crescent-shaped, 2-horned, horns long and long and very narrow) from E. ser. Esulae (leaves thin. Styles 2–3 mm long, half-fused, slightly long but broader), into which the former series bifid. Ovary 2–3 mm long, with 3 vertical fur- should be included. On the other hand, the only rows, tuberculate, glabrous. Mature fruits not species sampled from E. ser. Andrachnoides, E. seen. Flowering in June–July. buhsei, seems to be significantly different from Distribution and habitat. Western Tian- the core of the section in both analyses. Shan: Talas Range in Kazakhstan and Kyr- Baikov (2007) suggested that E. ser. Andra gyzstan (Figs. 3 and 4). On screes in the middle chnoides, as circumscribed by Prokhanov mountain belt, at elevations of 2150–3200 m (1964), may be polyphyletic and its xerophytic, a.s.l., often among dwarf juniper thickets. We broad-leaved species may have resulted from do not evaluate the protection status because of parallel adaptations of different mesophytic, absence of population data. All known locali- narrow-leaved species to arid conditions. That ties of E. talassica in Kazakhstan are within the hypothesis cannot be confirmed or rejected Aqsý-Jabaǵyly Nature Reserve. The locality in because the monophyly of E. ser. Andrachnoides Kyrgyzstan is not protected. has not been tested; nevertheless, we consider it unlikely that E. talassica is derived directly from E. jaxartica. Euphorbia jaxartica has a strong Discussion vertical taproot with an abundantly branched caudex, typical of E. virgata s. lato (Prokhanov Euphorbia talassica is classified in E. ser. 1933), whereas E. talassica develops a very Andrachnoides because of its relatively short and slender, spreading rootstock.

Fig. 2. Holotype of Euphor bia talassica.

As a rule, the species of E. ser. Andrach (Rechinger & Schiman-Czeika 1964, Nasimova noides in Central Asia and adjacent areas have 1983, Nikitin & Geldykhanov 1988, Pahlevani relatively narrow distributions and a high level et al. 2017), with isolated localities in east- of geographical separation (Prokhanov 1949, ern Turkmenistan (Pojarkova 1950) and adja- Nasimova 1983, Baikov 2007, 2009). They are cent Uzbekistan (Pazij 1959). Its only record largely confined to arid areas. With the new spe- from Afghanistan (Rechinger & Schiman-Czeika cies described here, seven species of the group 1964) was based on misidentification (Pahlevani are known from this territory (Fig. 4). Their et al. 2017), and its occurrence in Uzbekistan diagnostic characters are listed in Table 1 and and adjacent parts of Turkmenistan was consid- briefly discussed below. ered doubtful (Pahlevani et al. 2017) but without Euphorbia buhsei stands apart from the other evidence. There are data on this species from species because of its subshrubby habit with China (Xinjiang) and Mongolia (Govaerts et highly lignified stems. It is distributed in exten- al. 2000, and http://wcsp.science.kew.org/name- sive areas in Iran and adjacent Turkmenistan detail.do?name_id=78745), which disagree with

K A Z A K H S T A N

K Y R G Y Z S T A N

Fig. 3. Distribution of Euphorbia talassica. N Localities in Kazakhstan 42°N T A I S are based on Prokhanov K E (1933), Karmyscheva B Z (1973), and www.plantar- U ium.ru. 70°E 72°E

Fig. 4. Distribution areas of central Asian species of Euphorbia ser. Andrach- noides. Sources: Kryshto- fovich (1931), Prokhanov (1933, 1949), Gamaju- nova (1963), Rechinger & Schiman-Czeika (1964), Nasimova (1983), Nikitin & Geldykhanov (1988), Baikov (1999, 2007), Pahlevani et al. (2017), Nasseh et al. (2018), www.plantarium.ru, own data. Doubtful records not shown.

the national checklists (Gubanov 1996, Ma & foothills to the upper mountain belt (Nikitin & Gilbert 2008). Given the limited presence of the Geldykhanov 1988). species in southwestern Uzbekistan and its com- Euphorbia oidorhiza (syn. E. balkhanica) plete absence from Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan is confined to the Kiçi Balkan (Malyi Balkhan) (Shibkova & Kinzikaeva 1981, Lazkov & Sul- Mts. in Turkmenistan (Nasimova 1983, Nikitin tanova 2014), its presence in China and Mongo- & Geldykhanov 1988), where it was found on lia is highly unlikely. This species grows in the pebble conglomerates (Tarassov 1952b). This mountains on rocky and gravelly slopes from species seems to be unique in the group because

Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Annales-Botanici-Fennici on 11 Jul 2019 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Helsinki University 140 Lazkov & Sennikov • ANN. BOT. FENNICI Vol. 56 E. talassica 10–25 slender, little branched absent sterile stems not overtopping 0.8–2 0.4–0.9 ovate, obovate, elliptic (middle part) incrassate rotund mostly glabrous, few hairs at base 4–6 crescent-shaped, 2-horned; horns long and thin glabrous E. oidorhiza 20–25 vertical taproot spreading moderately branched short and dense sterile stems absent; sterile overtopping 1.8–2.5 0.4–0.7 lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate (basal part) unknown cuneate to subrotund glabrous, margin shortly ciliate 2–4 crescent-shaped, 2-horned; horns very short glabrous E. buhsei up to 80 vertical taproot branched present or absent sterile stems absent; sterile overtopping inflorescence inflorescence 0.7–1.8 0.3–0.8 narrowly ovate-lanceolate (basal part) unknown rotund glabrous or ciliate 4–5 appendages crescent-shaped, 2-horned; horns short, apically blunt glabrous or ciliate E. undulata 10–20 vertical taproot little branched absent sterile stems not overtopping

0.7–2.2 0.3–0.8 oblong, oblong-elliptic (middle part) incrassate, undulate incrassate, rotund or broadly glabrous

3–5 appendages crescent-shaped, indistinctly 2-horned; horns very short or abortive glabrous . Leaf characters from the middle part of generative stems. Sources: Prokhanov E. andrachnoides up to 20 vertical taproot moderately present or absent sterile stems usually overtopping 0.7–2.2 0.3–1 ovate-triangular or oblong-ovate (basal part) coriaceous profoundly cordate, semiamplexicaul cuneate glabrous or pubescent 7–10 appendages crescent-shaped, 2-horned; horns short, apically acute glabrous or ciliate ser. Andrachnoides ser. E. irgisensis up to 25 vertical taproot

rather highly branched short and dense sterile stems absent; sterile overtopping inflorescence 0.8–2.1 0.5–1.5 broadly ovate, oblong-lanceolate or obovate (middle part) thin rotund

shortly pubescent 4–6 appendages crescent-shaped, sometimes cristate, 2-horned; horns prominent or reduced glabrous E. saurica up to 20 slender, spreading slender,

herbaceous, little branched herbaceous, herbaceous, herbaceous, lignified, highly herbaceous, herbaceous,

very short and dense sterile stems not overtopping inflorescence branches not inflorescence inflorescence branches branches not inflorescence

up to 2.5 up to 1.2 elliptic to ovate-elliptic (middle part) incrassate rotund

shortly pubescent 8–10 appendages crescent-shaped, 2-horned; horns prominent, apically dilatate shortly pubescent branches length (cm) width (cm) shape (broader part) texture base pubescence Diagnostic characters of central Asian species of Euphorbia 1. Diagnostic characters of central Table Height (cm) (1933, 1949), Pojarkova (1951), Tarassov (1952a), Baikov (1999, 2007), and own data. Tarassov (1933, 1949), Pojarkova (1951), Rootstock

Stems

Stem pubescence Sterile stems or

Leaf

Number of pleiochasial branches Cyathial glands Cyathial

Fruit pubescence

of its tuber-like roots; it occurs within the distri- of E. irgisensis but the number of pleiochasial bution area of E. buhsei but readily differs from branches in a pseudumbel is higher. The local- the latter in its low stature (Pojarkova 1951, ity is situated at ca. 1250 m a.s.l., in a warmer, Tarassov 1952a). sunny, less arid climate (Kotukhov 2009). Euphorbia oidorhiza and E. balkhanica were Euphorbia talassica, described here, is nar- described from specimens collected from the rowly distributed in the Talas Mountain Range same population, and both names were validly of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, at 2700 m (in published almost at the same time. According Kyrgyzstan) or 2150–3200 m a.s.l. (in Kazakh- to the imprints on the journal’s colophons, the stan). So far, it is known from a single local- first species name has priority because it was ity in Kyrgyzstan (our data) and four localities included in a journal’s issue dated 13 December in Kazakhstan (Prokhanov 1933, as E. irgisen 1951, whereas the second species name was pub- sis aff.; Karmyscheva 1973, as E. prokhanovii; lished in a journal’s issue dated 10 January 1952. www.plantarium.ru, as E. tianshanica). Its dis- This is in agreement with the synonymy first tribution may extend to the Syrdaria Qarataý established by Prokhanov (1964). (Syrdarya Karatau) Mts., from which “E. tian Euphorbia undulata occurs in steppes and shanica” was also reported (Gamajunova 1963) semideserts along the Volga and Don rivers in but that record was not accepted in a later syn- Russia and Kazakhstan (Kryshtofovich 1931, opsis (Kamelin 1990). Because of its largely Prokhanov 1933). This species of short stature is oblong leaves, which are broader at the middle very distinct in the group because of its undulate part, this species seems to be most similar to E. leaves. irgisensis (as assumed by Prokhanov 1933), from Euphorbia andrachnoides differs from the which it differs by having a slender rootstock, other species of the series by its ovate leaves incrassate leaves, and the occurrence at much with a cordate base, a higher number of pleio- higher elevations. Remarkably, the other species chasial branches in a pseudumbel, and sterile that has a similar leaf shape, E. saurica, also stems usually overtopping the inflorescence. It possesses spreading underground parts but is has a rather broad distribution in the Sary-Arqa clearly distinct by a higher number of pleiocha- (Kazakh) Uplands in Kazakhstan, where it grows sial branches in pseudumbels (8–10 in E. saurica on various rocky or gravelly substrates at low vs. 4–6 in E. talassica), and also by the presence elevations. This species was considered endemic of pubescence. Among the other species of E. ser. to Kazakhstan (Gamajunova 1963, Baikov 1999) Andrachnoides in Central Asia, E. talassica pre- but was reported by Baikov (2005) from the fers higher elevations (the other species of high Aley river in Altay Region of southern Siberia, elevations, E. buhsei, occurs at 1500–2250 m Russia. The locality in Siberia is rather distantly a.s.l.; Rechinger & Schiman-Czeika 1964). separated from the main distribution area of the The flora of arid lowlands and uplands of species and should be confirmed because of the northern Central Asia is very different from the deviating morphology of the plants, which were flora of its mountainous parts; however, there is previously referred to E. subcordata (Baikov a certain overlap between the arid and montane 1999, 2005). fractions of the flora (Kamelin 1973). Euphor Euphorbia irgisensis occurs in deserts of bia saurica and E. talassica, both being narrow western Kazakhstan (Nasimova 1983, Baikov endemics in Central Asia (Kamelin 1973), may 1999) and possibly in the adjacent Uzbekistan represent results of local derivations of the arid (Erejepov 1978). It is a species of low uplands lowland flora into the mountains. However, and characterized by oblong leaves that are their phylogenetic position within E. sect. Esula broader in the middle part, and a vertical taproot. should be confirmed. Euphorbia saurica is a local endemic of So far, 28 species of Euphorbia are known eastern Kazakhstan, found in a single locality from Kyrgyzstan with no endemics (Lazkov in the Saýyr (Saur) Mts. (Baikov 1999). It was & Sultanova 2014), whereas 61 species are until now unique in the series because of its reported from Kazakhstan (Abdulina 1999), six slender rootstock; its leaves are similar to those species of which are endemics or near-endemics

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