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43 Historical Oikonymy of the Western Ukraine in Common

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43 Historical Oikonymy of the Western Ukraine in Common GISAP PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES Historical OIKONYMY OF THE WESTERN UKRAINE IN COMMON Slavic CONTEXT (AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE EVOLUTION OF topoformant *-išče // *-ISKO IN Slavic LANGUAGES) Y. Redkva, Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor Chernivtsi National University named after Y. Fedkovych, Ukraine The historiacal - etymological analysis of archaic Slavic topoformant *-išče // *-isko, preserved in the oikonymy of Halych and Lviv Lands of the Ruthenian Voivodeship, is carried out. On the basis of oikonymic materials from the majority of Slavic territories appellative lexemes, that formed base for the emergence of settlements names both on analyzable territory and on Pan-Slavic territory, are reconstructed on Old Slavonic level. Presented mechanisms of formation of the historical oikonymy on the basis of reconstructed appellatives showed autochthony of the Slavic population, which has long been living on these territories. Keywords: oikonym, base appellative, toponym, formant, reconstruction of appellative form. Conference participants, National championship in scientific analytics, Open European and Asian research analytics championship roto Slavic suffixes *-išče // *-isko Western Ukrainian dialects is explained Slavic languages, partially in Ukrainian Phave long been the focus of studies by Polish influence [5, 175–183]. and Polish, and absent in southern Slavic by Slavic linguists as their proto Slavic F. Slawski believes that formant *-isko is languages. [1, 32]. Therefore we can genesis have not yet been established by connected to *-ьskъ (-ьsko), explaining argue that suffix -ище [-yshche] has its now. *-išče and -isko derivatives, their its origin from Proto Indo European Ukrainian equivalent of the suffix-исько , use on Pan-Slavic area, especially in *-ǐsko to denote adjectives with neutral similar to Polish where suffix -iszcze(a) eastern Slavic countries have not been and diminutive and pejorative meanings. has its equivalent of -isko(a). established either. Scholars who work on The form *-isko is a result of absorption As far as chronology of these Slavic Onomastic Atlas constantly add of -i- to primary *-ьskъ from verbal formants appearance is concerned in up new material filling in the gaps where stems of the type *lov-i-ti // lov-i-sko // place names, we can trace here that toponymic coinages with *-išče and -isko lov-i-šče,lož-i-ti // loћ-i-sko // lož-i-šče. formant -iszcze(a) is older than -isko(a) formants are also represented. Polish formant *-iszcze is considered to despite their coexistence. Apart from One of the first scholars who tried to be the development of *-išče (< *-isk-jo-, that with time -isko (-исько) substituted provide explanation about the formants i.e. expansion of *-isko). The main its predecessor (-iszcze) by its frequency was W. Taszycki who presumed that function of formants *-isko // *-išče is the of use and became relatively more suffix-iszcze is a result of expansion and formation of place names derived from productive. Parallel use of the suffixes palatalization of initial *-istъ by means verbal and nominal stems [7, 95–97]. and predominance of (-isko) is proven by of jo-, i.e. *-istъ-jo- > -išče. He believed Y. Zakrevska believes that suffixes - sources of sixteenth through eighteenth that formant -išče was formed before ище // -ис(ь)ко [-yshche // -ysko] centuries. *-ьsko and is also of common Slavic (*-išče // *-isko) are the most productive We have found twenty-one ancient origin. On the other hand, *-isko is a derivational formants to denote place oikonyms (place names) and fifty-seven contamination of *-išče and *-ьsko, names (nomina loci) in Ukrainian more of their phonetic and morphological belongs to western Slavic coinages that and other Slavic languages and fairly varieties among place names of Halych superseded primary *-išče. In Polish allocates them to common Slavic names. and Lviv Lands of Ruske woyewodstwo the formant *-isko predominates, The scholar established correlation of with suffixes*-išče // *-isko. Due to lack and both are used in Slovak and the suffixes -ище // -ис(ь)ко [-yshche / of space here we provide reconstruction Czech. In Sorbian and Polabian -ysko] in place names from the point of of their basic appellative forms on *-išče predominates and its availability view of their territorial differentiation Proto Slavic level. These Proto Slavic in Polish toponymy and appellatives in Ukrainian linguistic area and other appellative forms are characteristic is a result of Eastern Slavic influences Slavic languages and drew a conclusion for oikonymy of all Slavic territories. according to [8, 213–227]. Y. Safarevych that suffix -ище [-yshche] is widely They are the following: *bуbьnišče ties initial -i- in the formant *-isko with used in nothern and eastern Ukrainian // *bуbьnisko, *уglišče // *уglisko, its expansion of its function of adjective- dialects whereas suffix -ис(ь)ко [-ysko] *gordišče // *gordisko, *gumnišče // nominal in Proto Indo European formant – western Ukrainian dialects (without *gumnisko, *duplišče // *duplisko, *-ǐsko to adjectival in Proto Slavic *-ьsk- most of Carpathian patois) though *dvorišče // *dvorisko, *ћarъnišče // Nominal function has the formant parallel forms of -ище //-исько coexist *ћarъnisko, *kad0bišče // *kad0bisko, *-î-sko- (with long -î-), though conditions there as well. As far as other Slavic *kropivišče // *koprivьnišče, *lětovišče for lengthening existed in preverbal languages are concerned, formant -ище // *lětovisko // *l’utovisko // *l’utovišče, coinages ending in *-isko [6, 23–26]. [-yshche] is characteristic for Eastern and *nedělisko // *nedělišče, *nezъvisko S. Rosponds believes that suffix *-išče southern Slavic languages (and partially // *nezъvišče, *ezerišče // *ezerisko, is widely used in Southern and Eastern to western Slavic ones), and -ис(ь)ко *sědlišče // *sědlisko, *targovišče // Slavic languages, and its use in some [-ys’ko] is predominant in western *targovisko, *(j)asenišče, *(j)asenisko GISAP PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES Later appellative forms – гутисько (Tarnopol) „Nazwa tej włości pochodzi (1382) – Grodzisko (Grodzisco (1407), [hutysko] // гутище [hutyshche] / hucisko, od istniejącego tu dawniej grodu” at present Grodzisk; south western Lesser млинисько [mlynysko] // млинище [SG 3, 151]; Horodyszcze (Borszczów). Poland: Grodzyscze (1254), Grodiscze [mlynyshche] // młynisko, манастирище Grodzisko [Lustr. 1661–1665 / II, (1256), Grodisce (1287) – Grodzisko [monastyryshche] // монастириско 83–84]. Grodzisko, z.lw., pow. i obw. (fifteenth century), Grodyszcze (1270) – [monastyrysko] – substantiate both the żółkiew., in 1368 „villas videlicet … Grodzisko (fifteenth century) [9, 30–31, appearance of new realia in material Grodzysko” (Wieś zatraciła swą nazwę) 33–35, 37, 39]; [10, 102, 104–105]. culture of the population of the historic [KDM, 3, 224–225]. Horodyszcze, z. lw. Polish ethnographer W. Milerski area and possibility to become names of (Pomorzany) [Atl. Jabł. m. 6]. Grodzysko traced the development of all the forms first settlements. We believe this process (pod Lwowem) in 1368 [KDM 3, 225]. of appellative городище (horodysche) happened simultaneously. Городиська [horodys’ka], Rohatynskyi exemplified by Silesian place name Alas, the limitation of space District, Ivano-Frankivska Oblast [АТУ, Grodziszcze. He studied evolution of prevents us from illustrating of more 126]. Grodziscze, z. hal., in 1431 „cum spelling of this place name beginning than one Proto Slavic appellative which opido Dolyna et villa Grodziscze in from 1405: in Grodische (1303-1306), is *gordišče // *gordisko “town // city, terries Russie” [ML, 61–63]. Hradysscze (1447), Grodischtz (1450), fortress” in onym function both on the Cf.: Czech Hradiště (1126), Sorbian Grodisscze (1607), Grodist (1681), territory of the former Lviv and Halych Grodišče – at present Groitsch (castellum Grodissz (1682), Grodischt, Grodischtz Lands of Ruske Woyewodstwo and Pan Grodista (952), Grodisti (965), Grothisti (1683), na Grodissti, Grodisst, Grodisstz, Slavic area. (1004) – at present Grцditsch; two Grodisscz (1703), Grodischtz (1736), Городище [horodyshche], Zhydachiv villages: 1). Grodiz (1217), 2). Grodis Grodziszcze (1881), Grodziszcz (1877), District, Lviv Oblast [АТУ, 178], (1222), at present Grцditz); Polish Hradiště (1894), Grodišče (1920–1923) Grodziscze (Grodzisko, Horodyszcze, Grodziszcze: Greater Poland. (Grottische [4, 57]. Hrodziscze) 1376 “Waszconis de (1259), Grozisce (1277, 1280); Grodiscze The stem of all appellatives discussed Pkowicz, villam nostram Grodziscze in (1350, 1512) – the village does not exist is Proto Slavic appellative *gordišče // districtu Zudaczouiensi” [ML, 4–6]; today; Silesian (Grodische (1244); *gordisko (< *gordъ // *gorda // *gordь Hrodziscze: “super villam Hrodziscze Grody (1315); Grosziste (eighteenth „town / city, fortress” + -išče // -isko) in terra Zudaczowiensi dati per olim century), Grodiscze, Grodische), [эССЯ 7, 34–35, 37–38]). Ladislaum ducem Oppoliensem, Siradsko-Lenchynska Land, Western Cf later appellative coinages: Wyelunensem et Russie cuidam Pomorze; Horodyszcze: Podlaskie, городище [horodysche] „ancient earth Waszykoni” [BK]; in 1431 [ML, 75], north east of Lesser Poland, (Horodiscze fortification, settlement” [Гр. 1, 315], [MRPS 1, 57]; in 1557 [SGL, t. 330, (1576), Horodziscze); eastern Lesser „settlement, fortified by bulwarks and 53], Horodyszcze Cetn. (pd. Strzeliska) Poland (Grodziszcze (1448), Hrodzyscze moats” [СУМ 2, 136]; Polish grodziszcze, in 1448 [AGZ, 2, 134], Horodyszcze
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