DOCSLIB.ORG

Legislation Issues Status Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Legislation Issues Status Report Legislation Issues Status Report Legislation issues of mussel farming in the Baltic Sea Dr. Yvonne Rößner Marine Aquaculture Consultant, assigned by the Ministry of Energy Transition, Agriculture, Environment, Nature and Digitalization Schleswig-Holstein Published: 2019-04-19 www.balticbluegrowth.eu 1 Legislation Issues Status Report About Baltic Blue Growth is a three-year project financed by the European Regional Development Fund. The objective of the project is to remove nutrients from the Baltic Sea by farming and harvesting blue mussels. The farmed mussels will be used for the production of mussel meal, to be used in the feed industry. 18 partners from 7 countries are participating, with representatives from regional and national authorities, research institutions and private companies. The project is coordinated by Region Östergötland (Sweden) and has a total budget of 4,7 M€. Partners - Region Östergötland (SE) - County Administrative Board of Kalmar County (SE) - East regional Aquaculture Centre VCO (SE) - Kalmar municipality (SE) - Kurzeme Planning Region (LV) - Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology (LV) - Maritime Institute in Gdańsk (PL) - Ministry of Energy, Agriculture, Environment, Nature and Digitalization of Schleswig- Holstein (DE) - Municipality of Borgholm (DK) - SUBMARINER Network for Blue Growth EEIG (DE) - Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SE) - County Administrative Board of Östergötland (SE) - University of Tartu Tartu (EE) - Coastal Research and Management (DE) - Orbicon Ltd. (DK) - Musholm Inc (DK) - Coastal Union Germany EUCC ( DE) - RISE Research institutes of Sweden (SE) This document was produced as an outcome of the BBG project, WP5, GoA5.2. It was published online at the project’s website www.balticbluegrowth.eu and distributed as an electronic copy to project partners and stakeholders. Cover image: special protected areas (SPA) according to the Birds Directive in Schleswig- Holstein (hatched red) © LLUR www.balticbluegrowth.eu 2 Status report on legislation procedures Table of contents 1 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 9 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 10 3 Framework legislation of the EU ................................................................................................ 12 3.1 Water Framework Directive (EU-WFD) ......................................................................... 12 3.1.1 General content of the WFD with relevance to mussel aquaculture ................. 14 3.1.2 Gaps and shortages for mussel aquaculture resulting from WFD .................... 16 3.1.3 Assistance by EU guidelines ............................................................................ 17 3.1.4 Implementation of the WFD in national law: Germany and Schleswig-Holstein19 3.1.5 National implementation of the WFD in practice: Germany and Schleswig- Holstein 20 3.1.6 National implementation of the WFD (contributions of project partners) ....... 23 3.1.6.1 Poland .................................................................................................. 23 3.1.6.2 Denmark .............................................................................................. 24 3.1.7 WFD and mussel aquaculture - outcome information ...................................... 26 3.2 Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) ............................................................. 27 3.2.1 General content of the MSFD with relevance to mussel aquaculture .............. 27 3.2.2 Gaps and shortages for mussel aquaculture resulting from MSFD .................. 30 3.2.3 Assistance by EU guidelines ............................................................................ 30 3.2.4 Implementation of the MSFD in national law: Germany and Schleswig- Holstein 30 3.2.5 National implementation of the MSFD in practice: Germany and Schleswig- Holstein 34 3.2.6 National implementation of the MSFD (contributions of project partners) ..... 36 3.2.6.1 Poland .................................................................................................. 36 3.2.7 MSFD and mussel aquaculture – outcome information ................................... 36 3.3 Habitats Directive ............................................................................................................ 37 3.3.1 General content of the Habitats Directive with relevance to mussel aquaculture37 3.3.2 Gaps and shortages for mussel aquaculture resulting from the Habitats Directive 39 3.3.3 Assistance by EU guidelines ............................................................................ 39 3.3.4 Implementation of the Habitats Directive in national law: Germany and Schleswig-Holstein ........................................................................................................... 41 3.3.5 National implementation of the Habitats Directive in practice: Germany and Schleswig-Holstein ........................................................................................................... 41 3.3.6 National implementation of the Habitats Directive (contributions of project partners) 43 3.3.6.1 Poland .................................................................................................. 43 3.3.7 Habitats Directive and mussel aquaculture - outcome information .................. 44 3.4 Birds Directive ................................................................................................................ 45 www.balticbluegrowth.eu Page 3 of 139 Status report on legislation procedures 3.4.1 General content of the Birds Directive with relevance to mussel aquaculture . 45 3.4.2 Gaps and shortages for mussel aquaculture resulting from Birds Directive .... 46 3.4.3 Assistance by EU guidelines ............................................................................ 46 3.4.4 Implementation of the Birds Directive in national law: Germany and Schleswig-Holstein ........................................................................................................... 47 3.4.5 National implementation of the Birds Directive in practice: Germany and Schleswig-Holstein ........................................................................................................... 47 3.4.6 National implementation of the Birds Directive (contributions of project partners) 50 3.4.6.1 Poland .................................................................................................. 50 3.4.7 Birds Directive and mussel aquaculture - outcome information ...................... 51 3.5 Aquatic Animal Disease Directive .................................................................................. 52 3.5.1 General content of the Aquatic Animal Disease Directive with relevance to mussel aquaculture ............................................................................................................ 52 3.5.2 Gaps and shortages for mussel aquaculture resulting from Aquatic Animal Disease Directive .............................................................................................................. 54 3.5.3 Assistance by EU guidelines ............................................................................ 55 3.5.4 Implementation of the Aquatic Animal Disease Directive in national law: Germany and Schleswig-Holstein ..................................................................................... 60 3.5.5 National implementation of the Aquatic Animal Disease Directive in practice: Germany and Schleswig-Holstein ..................................................................................... 60 3.5.6 National implementation of the Aquatic Animal Disease Directive (contributions of project partners)..................................................................................... 62 3.5.6.1 Poland .................................................................................................. 62 3.5.7 Aquatic Animal Disease Directive and mussel aquaculture - outcome information ........................................................................................................................ 62 3.6 Maritime Spatial Planning Directive ............................................................................... 63 3.6.1 General content of the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive with relevance to mussel aquaculture ............................................................................................................ 63 3.6.2 Gaps and shortages for mussel aquaculture resulting from Maritime Spatial Planning Directive ............................................................................................................ 65 3.6.3 Assistance by EU guidelines ............................................................................ 65 3.6.4 Implementation of the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive in national law: Germany and Schleswig-Holstein ..................................................................................... 66 3.6.5 National implementation of the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive in practice: Germany and Schleswig-Holstein ...................................................................... 67 3.6.6 National implementation of the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive (contributions of project partners)..................................................................................... 69 3.6.6.1 Poland .................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Joshua Tree 3 11 05
    Vegetation Classification of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, California A report submitted to National Park Service Tasha LaDaux, Chief of Resources Joshua Tree National Park 74485 National Park Drive Twentynine Palms, California 92277-3597 by California Department of Fish and Game Wildlife and Habitat Data Analysis Branch Sacramento, California by Todd Keeler-Wolf Sau San Diana Hickson March 2005 Section Page Table of Contents Section Page INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 Background and Standards............................................................................................ 1 Study Area ..................................................................................................................... 3 Timeline......................................................................................................................... 3 METHODS..................................................................................................................... 4 Vegetation Sampling and Classification....................................................................... 4 Development of the Preliminary Classification ................................................... 4 Integration of Existing Data Sets.......................................................................... 4 Summary .............................................................................................................. 7 Sample Allocation
    [Show full text]
  • Pleistocene Geology of Eastern South Dakota
    Pleistocene Geology of Eastern South Dakota GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 262 Pleistocene Geology of Eastern South Dakota By RICHARD FOSTER FLINT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 262 Prepared as part of the program of the Department of the Interior *Jfor the development-L of*J the Missouri River basin UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1955 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Douglas McKay, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price $3 (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Page Abstract_ _ _____-_-_________________--_--____---__ 1 Pre- Wisconsin nonglacial deposits, ______________ 41 Scope and purpose of study._________________________ 2 Stratigraphic sequence in Nebraska and Iowa_ 42 Field work and acknowledgments._______-_____-_----_ 3 Stream deposits. _____________________ 42 Earlier studies____________________________________ 4 Loess sheets _ _ ______________________ 43 Geography.________________________________________ 5 Weathering profiles. __________________ 44 Topography and drainage______________________ 5 Stream deposits in South Dakota ___________ 45 Minnesota River-Red River lowland. _________ 5 Sand and gravel- _____________________ 45 Coteau des Prairies.________________________ 6 Distribution and thickness. ________ 45 Surface expression._____________________ 6 Physical character. _______________ 45 General geology._______________________ 7 Description by localities ___________ 46 Subdivisions. ________-___--_-_-_-______ 9 Conditions of deposition ___________ 50 James River lowland.__________-__-___-_--__ 9 Age and correlation_______________ 51 General features._________-____--_-__-__ 9 Clayey silt. __________________________ 52 Lake Dakota plain____________________ 10 Loveland loess in South Dakota. ___________ 52 James River highlands...-------.-.---.- 11 Weathering profiles and buried soils. ________ 53 Coteau du Missouri..___________--_-_-__-___ 12 Synthesis of pre- Wisconsin stratigraphy.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Agenda
    17th ASCOBANS Advisory Committee Meeting AC17/Doc.6-08 (S) rev.2 UN Campus, Bonn, Germany, 4-6 October 2010 Dist. 06 October 2010 Agenda Item 6.1 Project Funding through ASCOBANS Progress of Supported Projects Document 6-08 rev.2 Interim Project Report: Review of Trend Analyses in the ASCOBANS Area Action Requested Take note of the report Comment Submitted by Secretariat NOTE: IN THE INTERESTS OF ECONOMY, DELEGATES ARE KINDLY REMINDED TO BRING THEIR OWN COPIES OF DOCUMENTS TO THE MEETING Secretariat’s Note Comments received by the author during the 17th Meeting of the ACOBANS Advisory Committee were incorporated in this revision. REVIEW OF CETACEAN TREND ANALYSES IN THE ASCOBANS AREA Peter G.H. Evans1, 2 1 Sea Watch Foundation, Ewyn y Don, Bull Bay, Amlwch, Isle of Anglesey LL68 9SD, Wales, UK 2 School of Ocean Sciences, University of Bangor, Menai Bridge, Isle of Anglesey LL59 5AB, Wales, UK . 1. Introduction The 16th Meeting of the Advisory Committee recommended that a review of trend analyses of stranding and other data on small cetaceans in the ASCOBANS area be carried out. The ultimate aim is to provide on an annual basis AC members with an accessible, readable and succinct overview of trends in status, distribution and impacts of small cetaceans within the ASCOBANS Agreement Area. This should combine data sets of different stakeholders and countries. 2. Terms of Reference To achieve the above aim of the project, a three-staged process was proposed: Step 1: Identify where data of interest (e.g. stranding data, but also data on
    [Show full text]
  • A Viking-Age Settlement in the Hinterland of Hedeby Tobias Schade
    L. Holmquist, S. Kalmring & C. Hedenstierna-Jonson (eds.), New Aspects on Viking-age Urbanism, c. 750-1100 AD. Proceedings of the International Symposium at the Swedish History Museum, April 17-20th 2013. Theses and Papers in Archaeology B THESES AND PAPERS IN ARCHAEOLOGY B New Aspects on Viking-age Urbanism, c. 750-1100 AD. Proceedings of the International Symposium at the Swedish History Museum, April 17–20th 2013 Lena Holmquist, Sven Kalmring & Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson (eds.) Contents Introduction Sigtuna: royal site and Christian town and the Lena Holmquist, Sven Kalmring & regional perspective, c. 980-1100 Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson.....................................4 Sten Tesch................................................................107 Sigtuna and excavations at the Urmakaren Early northern towns as special economic and Trädgårdsmästaren sites zones Jonas Ros.................................................................133 Sven Kalmring............................................................7 No Kingdom without a town. Anund Olofs- Spaces and places of the urban settlement of son’s policy for national independence and its Birka materiality Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson...................................16 Rune Edberg............................................................145 Birka’s defence works and harbour - linking The Schleswig waterfront - a place of major one recently ended and one newly begun significance for the emergence of the town? research project Felix Rösch..........................................................153
    [Show full text]
  • Mountain Views/ Mountain Meridian
    Joint Issue Mountain Views/ Mountain Meridian ConsorƟ um for Integrated Climate Research in Western Mountains CIRMOUNT Mountain Research IniƟ aƟ ve MRI Volume 10, Number 2 • December 2016 Kelly Redmond (1952-2016) by Lake Tahoe attending a workshop on “Water in the West” in late August of 2016. Photo: Imtiaz Rangwala, NOAA Front Cover: Les trois dent de la Chourique, west of the Pyrenees and a study area of the P3 project (page 13). The picture was taken enroute from Lake Ansabere to Lake Acherito, both of which have been infected by Bd since 2003, although they still have amphibians. Photo: Dirk Schmeller, Helmholtz-Center for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany. Editors: Connie Millar, USDA Forest Service, Pacifi c Southwest Research Station, Albany, California. and Erin Gleeson, Mountain Research Initiative, Institute of Geography, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland. Layout and Graphic Design: Diane Delany, USDA Forest Service, Pacifi c Southwest Research Station, Albany, California. Back Cover: Harvest Moon + 1 Day, 2016, Krenka Creek and the North Ruby Mountains, NV. Photo: Connie Millar, USDA Forest Service. Read about the contributing artists on page 86. Joint Issue Mountain Views/Mountain Meridian Consortium for Integrated Climate Research in Western Mountains (CIRMOUNT) and Mountain Research Initiative (MRI) Volume 10, No. 2, December 2016 www.fs.fed.us/psw/cirmount/ htt p://mri.scnatweb.ch/en/ Table of Contents Editors' Welcome Connie Millar and Erin Gleeson 1 Mountain Research Initiative Mountain Observatories Projects
    [Show full text]
  • Moths and Butterflies
    LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004MOTHS LJL©2004 LJL©2004AND BUTTERFLIES LJL©2004 LJL©2004 (LEPIDOPTERA) LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 FROM LJL©2004 BAHÍA LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004HONDA LJL©2004 LJL©2004 AND CANALES LJL©2004 LJL©2004 DE TIERRA LJL©2004 ISLANDLJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004(VERAGUAS, LJL©2004 LJL©2004 PANAMA LJL©2004) LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004 LJL©2004
    [Show full text]
  • Newlander Thesis FINAL
    ABSTRACT In many Mojave Desert ecosystems, water infiltrates to root-zones in greatest proportion via washes. As such, washes have a pronounced effect on plant dispersion and size across these landscapes. Desert roads alter the natural spatial patterns of washes on alluvial fans (locally called bajadas) and potentially affect plant production and distribution. As a winter-rainfall dominated ecosystem, climate changes in the Mojave Desert that increase summer precipitation may also play an important role in altering vegetation processes influenced by washes. Road effects on the spatial distribution of desert plants on a Mojave Desert bajada were examined using remotely sensed LiDAR data and ground based measurements of plant size. Plant physiological responses to summer wash flow were also quantified by measuring gas exchange and water status of two dominant perennial species, Larrea tridentata and Ambrosia dumosa. Larrea and Ambrosia plants were nearly 7x and 4x larger where wash flow has been enhanced by road culverts, relative to undisturbed areas and areas where flow has been cut-off by the presence of a road/railroad. Clustering of large plants occurred along wash margins, with clustering most pronounced in areas of enhanced wash flow. No clustering was found where wash flow has been eliminated. For ecophysiological traits, both species showed pronounced responses to the pulse of water; however, these responses varied as a function of distance from wash. Larrea plants within 3 m and Ambrosia plants within ca. 2 m from the wash responded to the pulse of water. Leaf phenology dictated the timing ii of carbon gain as Larrea experienced a rapid but short-lived increase in stomatal conductance compared to a significant response for over a month following the pulse for Ambrosia.
    [Show full text]
  • Offshore & Intertidal Ornithology
    Hornsea Four Preliminary Environmental Information Report (PEIR) Volume 2, : Offshore & Intertidal Ornithology Prepared APEM Ltd, 01 July 2019 Checked GoBe Consultants Ltd, 02 July 2019 Accepted Eleni Antoniou, Ørsted. 31 July 2019 Approved Julian Carolan, Ørsted. 1 August 2019 Doc. no. A2.5 Version A Table of Contents 5.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................9 5.2 Purpose ...................................................................................................................................................9 5.3 Planning, Policy and Legislative Context.................................................................................... 10 5.4 Consultation ....................................................................................................................................... 16 5.5 Study area ........................................................................................................................................... 22 5.6 Methodology to inform baseline ................................................................................................... 27 5.7 Baseline environment ...................................................................................................................... 31 5.8 Project basis for assessment .......................................................................................................... 42 5.9 Maximum Design Scenario .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Geological Landscapes of the Norfolk Coast
    Geological Landscapes of the Norfolk Coast Introducing five areas of striking geodiversity in the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty Dersingham National Nature Reserve CONTENTS [clicking on relevant content lines will take you straight to the page] 1.0 Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2.0 An overview of the Geodiversity of the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 3.0 Geological Landscapes------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 3.1 WEST NORFOLK SANDSTONES ------------------------------------------------------ 7 3.2 HUNSTANTON GLACIAL----------------------------------------------------------------10 3.3 NORTH NORFOLK COASTAL ---------------------------------------------------------13 3.4 CROMER RIDGE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------18 3.5 EAST NORFOLK COASTAL ------------------------------------------------------------22 APPENDIX 1 – Summary of Geological Stratigraphy in the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty-----------------------------------------------------------------25 APPENDIX 2 – Glossary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------27 APPENDIX 3 Geodiversity Characterisation & Conservation------------------------30 A3.1 WEST NORFOLK SANDSTONES Conservation and enhancement --------32 A3.2 HUNSTANTON GLACIAL Conservation and enhancement
    [Show full text]
  • 3-1 German Input to the Chapter on Warfare Materials.Pdf
    Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission Expert Group on environmental risks of hazardous SUBMERGED 4-2016 submerged objects Tallinn, Estonia 12-14 April 2016 Document title German input to the Chapter on Warfare materials Code 3-1 Category DEC Agenda Item 3 – Warfare materials Submission date 22.3.2016 Submitted by Germany Reference Background The document includes a first draft of the translation (February 2016) of annex 10.2 of the report “Munitions in German Marine Waters - Stocktaking and Recommendations” (Effective: December, 5th, 2011) Link to the original annex 10.2 in German Language: http://www.schleswig- holstein.de/DE/UXO/TexteKarten/PDF/Berichte/anhang_10200.html Link to the report with annexes in German language: http://www.schleswig- holstein.de/DE/UXO/Themen/Fachinhalte/textekarten_Berichte.html Link to the abstract in English language: http://www.schleswig- holstein.de/DE/UXO/TexteKarten/PDF/blmp_kurzbericht_2011_EN.html - abridged translation (Effective: April 2012) Source: www.underwatermunitions.de Contact: [email protected] Action requested The Meeting is invited to use the material when drafting the chapter on warfare materials. Page 1 of 1 Contribution to HELCOM SUBMERGED 5 – Tallin First draft of the translation (February 2016) of annex 10.2 of the report “Munitions in German Marine Waters - Stocktaking and Recommendations” (Effective: December, 5th, 2011) Link to the original annex 10.2 in German Language: http://www.schleswig- holstein.de/DE/UXO/TexteKarten/PDF/Berichte/anhang_10200.html Link to the report with annexes in German language: http://www.schleswig- holstein.de/DE/UXO/Themen/Fachinhalte/textekarten_Berichte.html Link to the abstract in English language: http://www.schleswig- holstein.de/DE/UXO/TexteKarten/PDF/blmp_kurzbericht_2011_EN.html - abridged translation (Effective: April 2012) Source: www.underwatermunitions.de Contact: [email protected] 10.2.3.4.
    [Show full text]
  • Across the Western Baltic Proceeding from an Archaeological Conference in Vordingborg
    Edited by: Keld Møller Hansen & Kristoffer Buck Pedersen Across the western Baltic Proceeding from an archaeological conference in Vordingborg Udgivet af Sydsjællands Museum 2006 Across the Western Baltic Proceedings of the archaeological conference “The Prehistory and Early Medieval Period in the Western Baltic” in Vordingborg, South Zealand, Denmark, March 27th – 29th 2003. Copyrights: The individual authors 2006 ISBN 87-983097-5-7 Sydsjællands Museums Publikationer Vol. 1 Editors: Keld Møller Hansen & Kristoffer Buck Pedersen Assistant editor: Jens Fog Jensen Graphic design & layout: Søren Berg Cover foto: Bjarne Kleist Printed in Denmark by one2one a/s, Odense Distributed by: Sydsjællands Museum Slotsruinen 1 DK-4760 Vordingborg www.sydmus.dk Published with fi nancial support from: EU Intereg IIIA: Bridge of Culture Fehmern Belt The National Cultural Heritage Agency The Late Iron Age and Early JENS ULRIKSEN Medieval Period in the Western Baltic Abstract During the Late Iron Age and early boundaries of ethnic groups, tribes Medieval Period (c. 375-1200 AD) and kingdoms is also detectable the Western Baltic went through through the archaeological record. diffi cult times of state formation, A major issue of discussion has religious change, wars of conquest been “who were where, when?” and crusades. Though infl uenced For example, did remnants of by the Romans, the region had ne- the Germanic population exist in ver been part of their Empire, and Mecklenburg from the 6th to the as Western Europe became Chri- 8th century, or was the area de- stian, the North witnessed the fi rst populated throughout this period signs of petty pagan kingdoms du- until the arrival of the Slavs? Also, ring the early centuries of the Late when did the Slavic tribes reach Iron Age.
    [Show full text]
  • Collected Information for Teachers
    Authors: Matthias Maluck, Luise Zander Collected Information for teachers Topic: History The border landscape of Hedeby and the Danevirke was at the centre of political and military struggles for dominance over Jutland between Danish, Carolingian and, later, German sovereigns. The border marked the end of the Carolingian expansion to the north, after the Frisians and Saxons had been subdued and incorporated into their realm in the course of the eighth century. Hedeby and the Danevirke represent a significant cultural, political and economic phase in the history of Northern Europe, reflecting the specific nature and the development of borders in connection with the formation of states in Viking-Age. This landscape is a unique case study for the development over centuries of the architecture of fortified boundaries in conjunction with trading centres which are strategically integrated into their natural environment. The history of the Danevirke's construction spans more than 500 years, from protohistoric times to the Viking Age and the High Middle Ages. The linear defences of the Danevirke dominated the Schleswig Isthmus before the eighth century. Depending on strategic requirements in the border area between the Danes, Saxon tribes and the Frankish and German Empires, they were extended and reinforced through repeated building activity and the addition of stretches of ramparts. As a consequence, in the course of half a millennium the largest archaeological monument in Northern Europe came into being. The most striking stages of construction include the fieldstone wall in the Main Wall from around 740, the Connection Wall with Hedeby's link to the Main Wall in about 970, the Kovirke shortening the line of the ramparts in the late tenth century, and the great brick wall in around 1170.
    [Show full text]