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AVIS Ce Document a Été Numérisé Par La Division De La Gestion Des Direction des bibliothèques AVIS Ce document a été numérisé par la Division de la gestion des documents et des archives de l’Université de Montréal. L’auteur a autorisé l’Université de Montréal à reproduire et diffuser, en totalité ou en partie, par quelque moyen que ce soit et sur quelque support que ce soit, et exclusivement à des fins non lucratives d’enseignement et de recherche, des copies de ce mémoire ou de cette thèse. L’auteur et les coauteurs le cas échéant conservent la propriété du droit d’auteur et des droits moraux qui protègent ce document. Ni la thèse ou le mémoire, ni des extraits substantiels de ce document, ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement reproduits sans l’autorisation de l’auteur. Afin de se conformer à la Loi canadienne sur la protection des renseignements personnels, quelques formulaires secondaires, coordonnées ou signatures intégrées au texte ont pu être enlevés de ce document. Bien que cela ait pu affecter la pagination, il n’y a aucun contenu manquant. NOTICE This document was digitized by the Records Management & Archives Division of Université de Montréal. The author of this thesis or dissertation has granted a nonexclusive license allowing Université de Montréal to reproduce and publish the document, in part or in whole, and in any format, solely for noncommercial educational and research purposes. The author and co-authors if applicable retain copyright ownership and moral rights in this document. Neither the whole thesis or dissertation, nor substantial extracts from it, may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author’s permission. In compliance with the Canadian Privacy Act some supporting forms, contact information or signatures may have been removed from the document. While this may affect the document page count, it does not represent any loss of content from the document. Université de Montréal Krishna consCÎousness discourse - modern secularism versus tradition al theism par Krassimir Krastev Département d'anthropologie Faculté des Arts et des Sciences Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître dès sciences (M.Sc.) en anthropologie AUGUST 2008 09 OCT. Z008 © Krassimir Krastev, 2008 Université de Montréal • Faculté des études supérieures Ce mémoire intitulé: Krishna conscÎousness discourse - modern secularism versus tradition al theism présenté par Krassimir Krastev a été évalué par un jury composé des personnes suivantes: Président: Deirdre Meintel Directeur: John Leavitt Membre: Karine Bates Mémoire accepté le: Université rH, de Montréal Faculté des études supérieures' Le 11 juillet 2005 Madame Deirdre Meintel Département d'anthropologie Pavillon Lionel-Groulx - .<....-~ --~ - ~-'. ~ ... - .. ,-.~- -.... _~>---~.---.~.~--- -- -". '." -.. --- --- ..----- Objet: 'Rédaction de mémoire en anglais Krassimir Krastev - KRAK23015604 Madame, Pour faire suite à la demande citée en référence, la Faculté, des ét~des supérieures autorise monsieur Krastev à rédiger son mémoire en langue anglaise. ' Veuillez agréer, madame, l'expression de mes sentiments les meilleurs. , La vice-doyenne, [information retirée / information withdrawn] Nicol,~ Dubreuil 'FES "'>ND/cl' c.c. : Monsieur Krassimir Krastev Mme Francine Velle c.p, 6128. succursale Centre-ville Télécopieur: (514) 343-2252 Montréal QC H3C 3J7 " , • Acknowledgements 1 have to first thank John Leavitt for his meticulous direction. Then 1 would like to thank Jérôme Rousseau for introducing me to Foucault's L'ordre du discours. Next, 1 owe thanks to Deirdre Meintel for her constant support during my Master's program. AIso, the friendly reception on the part of the ISKCON's devotees has been indispensable. And thank you, Christine Oneson, for your professional French translation of my abstract. RÉSUMÉ Ce mémoire de maîtrise porte sur la problématique que pose la représentation de • l'ISKCON (Société internationale pour la conscience de Krishna) par ses adeptes et exégètes traditionnels d'une part et par les observateurs et chercheurs spécialistes de la question d'autre part. Le discours sur la conscience de Krishna, qui comporte à la fois des aspects religieux et séculiers selon l'entité qui le représente, pourrait très bien se prêter à une analyse comparative. S'agissant des nouveaux mouvements religieux, la tension entre le discours théiste d'un côté et le discours séculier moderne de l'autre est habituellement alimentée par la question du contrôle s'exerçant sur les membres de tels mouvements. On considère très souvent que les disciples des nouvelles pratiques religieuses sont l'objet d'un lavage de cerveau et manipulés pendant leur recrutement à titre de néophytes; le contrôle qu'ils exercent sur leur propre vie ne serait plus crédible. Les adeptes de l'ISKCON affirment le contraire: il n'est véritablement possible de contrôler sa vie personnelle que grâce à la conscience de Krishna, la société laïque moderne en général et la science profane moderne en particulier ne parvenant pas à fournir un but et un sens à l'existence humaine. La méthode d'analyse comparative choisie est fondée sur L'ordre du discours (1971) de Michel Foucault. Dans ce traité, Foucault présente les processus rattachés aux discours religieux, médical, politique et littéraire ainsi qu'au discours profane moderne. Ce penseur français est également connu pour sa métamorphose personnelle, de philosophe militant niant la subjectivité « anthropologique» (Foucault, 1970) en ardent défenseur de cette théorie (Foucault, 1981-1982). Des thèmes foucaldiens comme les relations de pouvoir, le sexe, le contrôle et les techniques de soi traditionnelles peuvent être considérés comme des aspects fondamentaux de la controverse entourant l'ISKCON. Espérons que l'analyse discursive de cette controverse saura contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de l'aspect ethnolinguistique de ce débat et de la nature du besoin qu'a l 'homme de vivre dans une société différente de la société dominante. MOTS-CLÉS: Anthropologie, ethnolinguistique, discours, religieux, séculier, ISKCON, techniques de sOl ABSTRACT The purpose ofthis thesis is to address the problem of the representative of ISKCON (International Society for Krishna Consciousness) both by its traditional followers and interpreters from one si de and scholarly observers and researchers on the other. Krishna Consciousness discourse, which demonstrates both theistic and secular aspects, depending on the representing agency, appears as a potentially good candidate for a comparative analysis. When new religious movements are concerned, the tension between theistic discourse on one si de and the modem secular one on the other is usually fuelled by the issues of control concerning the members of the movements in question. Quite often the followers of the new religious practices are considered as brainwashed and manipulated in the process of being recruited as neophytes by their adoptive institutions; their control over their personallives is no longer credible. The ISKCON's followers though c1aim the opposite: the real control over one's personal life is possible only with Krishna consciousness, because modem secular society in general and modem secular science in particular fail to provide goal and sense of meaning for human existence. The method of comparative analysis will be based on the Foucault's treatise L'ordre du discours (1971). In this work Foucault outlined the procedures relevant to religious, medical, political, literary, and modem secular discourses. The French thinker is also known for his personal metamorphosis from a militant philosopher denying "anthropological" subjectivity (Foucault 1970) into someone fervently defending it later (Foucault 1981-82). Foucaultian topics like power relations, sex, control, and traditional self-techniques can be recognised as salient features of the ISKCON controversy. The discourse analysis of such a controversy will hopefully promote a betler understanding of the ethnolinguistic aspect of the ISKCON's debate and the nature of the human need of living in a society different from the mainstream one. KEYWORDS: Anthropology, Ethnolinguistics, Discourse, Theistic, Secular, ISKCON, Self-techniques Table of contents Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................... 1 Chapter II: Foucault's discourse analysis .................................................6 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 6 2.2 Foucault's archaeological discourse analysis ................................................ 8 2.3 Politics of Discourse - contextualization as Power and ControL ....................... 15 2.4 Genealogical analysis as a historical dimension of the knowledge archaeology ...... 16 2.5 Regularity and discontinuity .................................................................. 17 2.6 Conclusion .............. , ........................................................................ 20 Chapter III: Analysis of the sources expounding and interpreting the Krishna Consciousness .....................................................................................21 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 21 3.2 Early development of Bhakti tradition ...................................................... .23 3.3 Bhakti tradition under the star of Chaitanya ................................................ 28 3.4 Later development of Chaitanya' s Vai1?t:tavism ...............................................
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