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The African-American Heritage of Alfred B. Maclay Gardens State Park Triel Ellen Lindstrom

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The African-American Heritage of Alfred B. Maclay Gardens State Park Triel Ellen Lindstrom Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2008 Historical Archaeology at the Cedar Shake House (8LE1947): The African-American Heritage of Alfred B. Maclay Gardens State Park Triel Ellen Lindstrom Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY AT THE CEDAR SHAKE HOUSE (8LE1947): THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN HERITAGE OF ALFRED B. MACLAY GARDENS STATE PARK By TRIEL ELLEN LINDSTROM A Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2008 The members of the Committee approve the Thesis of Triel Ellen Lindstrom defended on March 31, 2008. Glen Doran Professor Directing Thesis Bill Parkinson Committee Member Bruce Grindal Committee Member Approved: Glen Doran, Chair, Anthropology Joseph Travis, Dean, College of Arts and Science The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I could not have completed this project without the help of many individuals, to whom I am greatly indebted. My partner Kris Barrios helped me in every way imaginable and ways unimaginable, including hours spent in the field, in the lab and at the computer on my behalf, as well as months and months of intensive care while I recuperated from an injury sustained at the park. My parents Jean and Jon Lindstrom helped me financially, enabling me to buy the equipment and supplies I needed, take time off work, and pay for my health insurance. This project was made possible, in part, by the generosity and assistance of park management and staff at Alfred B. Maclay Gardens State Park, which gave me permission to conduct fieldwork, access to the Cedar Shake House site, use of park equipment, and access to historical archives. My supervisors at the Florida Park Service, Steve Martin and Phil Werndli, also supported the project as well as the larger vision by allowing me a flexible work schedule, and garnering agency support and financial backing for the additional archaeological work currently underway by the National Park Service. Thanks too to my thesis advisors Glen Doran and Rochelle Marrinan, and thesis committee members William Parkinson and Bruce Grindal. Last but by no means least, thanks to my friends, family and everyone else who has supported or contributed to the project in any and every way, including Jill DeBuono, Rosemary Havrilak, Tom Lorch, Hank Kratt, Mini Sharma, Rachel Wentz, Greg Sutton, Daniel Kuncicky, Tony Countryman, George Lewis, Dave Thulman, Prakash Sankar, and Sweta Chandra. My apologies for any omissions. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................ vii List of Figures ................................................................................................ ix Abstract ...................................................................................................... xvi 1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 2. Background Information and Methodology ................................................... 10 Previous Research....................................................................................... 10 Critique of Previous Historical Research.................................................... 15 Critique of Previous Archaeological Research........................................... 18 Critique of Historic Preservation in the Florida Park Service .................... 19 Methodology............................................................................................... 22 Historical............................................................................................... 22 Field Investigation ................................................................................ 24 Lab Work & Analysis ........................................................................... 28 Summary ................................................................................................ 31 3. African-American Tenancy on the Killearn Plantation .................................. 33 Tenant Farming........................................................................................... 33 Plantation Employment............................................................................... 38 Tenancy’s Tenancy ..................................................................................... 42 Summary ................................................................................................ 44 4. African-American Land Ownership in the Lake Overstreet and Lake Hall Area ..................................................................................... 46 An Unlikely Seller: Mariano and Fanny Papy........................................... 48 The Land in Question – The Papy Plantation............................................. 64 The Buyers: An Unusual Purchase ............................................................ 67 Freedom is Not So Clear............................................................................. 74 Summary ................................................................................................ 79 iv 5. Life in the Hills ............................................................................................... 81 Families ................................................................................................ 82 Homes ................................................................................................ 84 Farms ................................................................................................ 85 Material Sustenance.................................................................................... 89 Community ................................................................................................ 91 Summary ................................................................................................ 95 6. At Home in the Cedar Shake House ............................................................... 97 The House ................................................................................................ 98 The Robinson Family.................................................................................. 99 The Sawyer Family..................................................................................... 105 Summary ................................................................................................ 107 7. Cedar Shake House (8LE1947): The Site...................................................... 108 Aerial Photography..................................................................................... 108 Oral History, Ethnography and Historical Research ................................. 111 Site Components ......................................................................................... 114 Structures.............................................................................................. 114 Roads and Ditch.................................................................................... 114 Secondary Vegetation and Succession Forest ...................................... 116 Historic Vegetation............................................................................... 120 Fence Lines ........................................................................................... 121 Depressions........................................................................................... 123 Artifact Scatters .................................................................................... 125 8. Cedar Shake House (8LE1947): Artifacts ..................................................... 130 Artifact Scatters Revisited .......................................................................... 131 Artifact Classification and Distribution by Functional Group ................... 136 Functional Group #1: Activities .......................................................... 138 Functional Group #2: Building............................................................ 140 Functional Group #3: Clothing............................................................ 145 Functional Group #4: Farmstead ......................................................... 146 Functional Group #5: Hardware .......................................................... 147 Functional Group #6: Household......................................................... 152 Functional Group #7: Kitchen ............................................................. 163 Functional Group #8: Munitions.......................................................... 175 Functional Group #9: Natural Resource .............................................. 175 v Functional Group #10: Personal .......................................................... 177 Functional Group #11: Prehistoric....................................................... 178 Functional Group #12: Transportation ................................................ 184 Functional Group # 13: Unidentified................................................... 185 Summary............................................................................................... 190 Artifact Scatter Dates.................................................................................
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