Drugs, Incarceration and Neighborhood Life: the Impact of Reintegrating Offenders Into the Community
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The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Drugs, Incarceration and Neighborhood Life: The Impact of Reintegrating Offenders into the Community Author(s): Dina R. Rose ; Todd R. Clear ; Judith A. Ryder Document No.: 195173 Date Received: July 03, 2002 Award Number: 99-CE-VX-0008 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. -~ - PROPERTY OF /%I73 National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) -- ___ - ~OX6000 Rockville, MD 20849-6000 DRUGS, INCARCERATION AND NEIGHBORHOOD LIFE: THE IMPACT OF REINTEGRATING OFFENDERS INTO THE COMMUNITY __ I -_ . BY - -- - _. Dina R. Rose -__ - _._. - Todd R. Clear Judith A. Ryder John Jay College of Criminal Justice City University of New York -. Approved By: _- --_ -- __ ._ .. This is docunietjt was prepared under grant No. 1999-CE-VX-0008, awarded by the National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice under its Solicitation for Research and Evaluation -- on Corrections and Sentencing (1999). The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this __ dowment arethose-of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official positions of the __ - _.U.S. Department of Justice.- __ - - __ This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. _- - DRUGS, INCARCERATION AND-NEIGHBORHOOD LIFE THE IMPACT OF-. REINTEGRATING OFFENDERS INTO THE COMMUNITY .. -_ . -. .- . ... - .- BY ._ -Dina R. Rose - .- _- Todd R. Clear .___ Judith A. Ryder e John Jay College of Criminal Justice City University of New York ." : -I .... I. .L. ...,: ... ~ This is document was prepared under grant No.1999-CE-VX-0008, awarded by the Naiibna,L - Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice under its Solicitation for Research and Evaluation on Corrections and Sentencing (1999). The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official positions of the U.S. Department of Justice. \ _- This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. .. TABLE OF CONTENTS .. ___.. -~ ~~CKNOWLEDGMENTS................ :..................................................................................................... i . -. - ._.. -. ... 111 ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................... .... - .- - __ LISTOF INCLUDED FIGURES - 1. 80 Tallahassee NeighborhoTds with Prison Admissionsand Releases ................. 16 2. Map of Tallahassee ............................................................................................... 43 a., Map of Frenchtown Neigh~orhood..................................................................... :..4~ . 4. Map 8South City Neighborhood ..................................... :.............................. :..... 49 - .- CHAPTER1. INCARCERATION AS COERCIVE MOBILITY:REMOVAL, REENTRY -. - .... AND SOCIALDISORGANIZATION ............................................................................... - . -. -- .. Ratignale for the Study ............................................................................................ 3 The Growth of the Justice System........................................................................... 6 Social Disorganization Theory andRighborhood Social Control.. .................. _..__8 Gee-xive Mobility and Social Capital .................................................................... -..9 Prior Studies .......................................................................................................... .13 . ___ CHAPTER2. WEARCHSTRATEGY .......................................................................................... _-. 19 The Selection of Tallahassee Neighborhoods.. ..................................................... .19 Public Data Collection ........................................................................................... 23 Expert Interviews ................................................................................................. ..25 Focus Groups......................................................................................................... 2.7. .- Pilot Focus Groups........ ............................................................................ 29 Sampling Process ........................................................................................... 29 Screening for Focus Groups ............................................................ 1 Resident and Ex-Offender Focus Groups and Interviews. .................................... .33 Debriefing and Community Dialogue Meeting ..................................................... .3 7 -- __.. __ . - -- CHAPTER3. THEFRENCHTOWN & SOUTH CITY NEIGHBORHOODS...... -. __ .. - - .... IN HISTORICAL& SOCIAL CQNTEXT ....................................................... 39 . Tallahassee.. .......................................................................................................... .40 The Neighborhoods................................................................................................ ........ 45 -. Frenchtown...... I .............................................. ...__._.................................. - ..45 South City .................................................................................................. 48 Brief History of the Neighborhoods ....................................................................... -. 52 . Early Frenchtown....................................................................................... -. .52 ..~- Frenchtown Today .................................................................................... .55 South City .................................................................................................. 57 -. --. _- Neighborhood Concerns .................................. :.................................................... .59 Housing..” ................................................................................................... .60 Development and Revitalization Initiatives ................. ......................... .64 Social Services ........................................................................................... 70 ~ ___ This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. -- Environmental Issues. .................................................................................... 72 Crhe,I)rugs, and Incarceration ............................................................................ 73. Criminal Activities ....................................................................................- .73 Drug Use and Trafficking .........................................................................._..-- 81 ... - .. .. * Anti-Crime Initiatives.. ............................................................................. .86 The E.ffects of Removal and Rentry ............................................................- - - S8-.-..-- ..... The Offender .................................................................................. 89 .... -- -. The Family..,:::-: ................................................................................... 92 The Community ............................................................................. 95 The Need for Services .................................................................... 9~ I .- -. CHAPTER4. RESIUENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE IMPACT OF REMOVAL AND REENTRY...... 102 ..stigma .................................................................................................................. 105 Finances ............................................................................................................... 1 I2 Identity .................................................................................................................-. .. ___ 120 Relatioilships ........................................................................................................ .- ,124 CHAPTER5. EX-OFFENDERS’PEBCEPTIONS OF REMOVALAND REENTRY........................ 134 Stigma ................................................................................................................... 137 Finances ............................................................................................................... .14 1 Identity ...................a.1111? ........................................................................ ............. 147 Relationships