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Danmark-Ekspeditionen Til Nordøstgrønland 1906-1908, I

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Danmark-Ekspeditionen Til Nordøstgrønland 1906-1908, I Danmark-Ekspeditionen til Nordøstgrønland 1906-1908 - i jubilæumsårene 2006-2008 Indholdsfortegnelse Historien bag ................................................................................................2 - 3 Tekst & layout: Janni Andreassen og De 28 deltagere .............................................................................................4- 6 Jakub Christensen Medonos. Ekspeditioner til Grønlands østkyst siden 1751 ...........................................7 - 9 Udgivet maj/2005 rev. 3.1. 2007 af: Arkivalier på Arktisk Institut i København ..................................................10 Arktisk Institut Strandgade 100H English Summary..........................................................................................11-12 1401 København K Tlf: +45 32 88 01 50 Litteratur om ekspeditionen .........................................................................13-21 Fax: +45 32 88 01 51 E-post: [email protected] Web: www.arktiskinstitut.dk Forside illustration: Mylius-Erichsen om bord på Danmark med sine hunde. Danmarkshavn, Nordøstgrønland 27. maj 1907 (original billedtekst fra Danmark-Ekspe- ditionens fotosamling). Foto: Achton J. Friis. Billednummer 06798, Arktisk Instituts fotoarkiv, København. Se billeder fra Danmark- Ekpeditionen på www.arktiskebilleder.dk. Øvrige illustrationer: Arktisk Instituts fotosamling og dokumentarkiv. Henvendelse - Kirsten Klüver AI/DPC, [email protected]. 1 Historien bag Danmark-Ekspeditionen 1906-08 til undersøges. Og så skulle landet første, som skal finde Peary-Kanalen, Nordøstgrønland var journalisten og beskrives videnskabeligt af et består af Mylius, Niels Peter Høeg forfatteren Ludvig Mylius-Erichsens tværfagligt forskerteam. Hagen og Jørgen Brønlund. Det andet, idé. I 1906 var strækningen fra 77 Fagområderne var arkæologi, botanik, der skal kortlægge yderkysten til grader nordlig bredde til knap 83 etnografi, geologi, geodæsi, Peary’s varde, af Johan Peter Koch, grader 30’ n.br. ukendt. Siden 1700- glaciologi, fysiologi, hydrologi, Aage Bertelsen og Tobias Gabrielsen. taller har Grønland været kortlagt luftelektricitet, kartografi, Da de to hold tilfældigt møder stump for stump. Men de sidste seks meteorologi og palæontologi. hinanden på Kap Rigsdagen 28. maj en halv breddegrad kendte man ikke. Det lykkes Mylius på godt ét år at få har hold II gennemført sin opgave, Det var umuligt selv for datidens samlet 27 mand, der var villige til at mens hold I meget naturligt er gået hårde hunde, hvalfangerne, at trænge påtage sig opgaven. Få købt skib, en ind i en ukendt, dyb fjord i den tro, at ind til landet på grund af de gammel hvalfanger ”Magdalene” der kanalen lå i bunden. Det gjorde den vanskelige isforhold. Derfor var det blev døbt ”Danmark”. Og få skrabet ikke. Mylius er mest stemt for at tage Mylius-Erichsens plan at gå med skib ekspeditionssummen på 282.608 kr. med de andre de 900 km tilbage til ind til Nordøstgrønland, så nordligt sammen. skibet i Danmarkshavn. Men han som muligt og landsætte en På den store slæderejse i foråret 1907 ombestemmer sig og tager den ekspedition udrustet til to år. Kysten blev kysten kortlagt til 83 grader 30’ skæbnesvangre beslutning, at lede skulle kortlægges. Amerikaneren n.br. Strækningen var overraskende efter kanalen lidt nordligere i endnu Peary’s påstand, at en kanal Peary- stor, fordi landet bøjede betydeligt nogle dage. Og dermed løber holdet Kanalen delte det allernordligste østover. På det sidste nordlige stræk er ind i den korte arktiske sommer med Grønland i to fra øst til vest, skulle de kun to hold, slædehold I og II. Det tøbrud og våd, tung sne. De må Illustraion i baggrunden: „Grönland med nærmeste omgivelser, efter de nyeste kilder, 1888,“ Arktisk 2 Instituts dokumentarkiv. oversomre i den dybe fjord – Danmarks Fjord. Og er i dårlig forfatning, da de endelig 12. september forlader området, som de kalder Ulvebakkerne. Rejseruten mod skibet kender vi ikke. Men vi ved, at proviantdepoterne, der var lagt til dem på kysten var urørte, indtil polarforskeren Ejnar Mikkelsen kom på de kanter i 1910. For han spiste maden. Jørgen Brønlunds lig blev fundet i Efter hjemkomsten publiceredes de marts 1908 af Koch på Lambert Land, videnskabelige resultater frem til hvor der kun er fundet knogler efter 1917 i Meddelelser om Grønland. En ét menneske. For nu at komme forskningsmæssig pionerindsats, der morbide gætterier i forkøbet. De også har betydning i dag. Den mest andres lig er aldrig fundet, men skulle Slædehold I nåede, hvad det skulle. spektakulære opdagelse var den tyske ifølge Brønlunds dagbog ligge ca. 19 Mikkelsen kom hjem i 1912 med fysiker Wegeners opdagelse af, at km væk. Koch opgiver at lede efter Mylius beretning, som han havde jordskorpen bevæger sig. I 1912 dem på grund af den dybe sne. fundet i en stenvarde. Peary-Kanalen fremsatte han sin berømte teori om eksisterede ikke, skrev Mylius. kontinentaldriften. Illustraion: „Danmark’s vinterkvarter 1906-08.“ Kilde: Meddelelser om Grønland 41, planche 1. Kortet er også beskrevet i Ventegodt 1997/2000:139. 3 De 28 deltagere Ludvig Mylius-Erichsen, 1872-1907, Hermann A. Koefoed, 1882-1952, ekspeditionsleder, journalist og forfatter. 2. maskinmester eksamen med tillægsprøve i elektronik. ”Danmarks” besætning: Alf Trolle, 1874-1949, Johannes Lindhard, 1870-1947, premierløjtnant, skibsfører og ekspeditionens læge og tidl. læge ved næstkommanderende. Ivittuut. Henning Bistrup, 1879-1948, Hans Ludvig Jensen, 1874-1948, premierløjtnant og 1. styrmand på hovmester og kok i Den kgl. ”Danmark”. grønlandske Handel. Gustav Thostrup, 1877-1955, Jens Gundahl Knudsen, 1876-1948, 2. styrmand, kartograf og erfaren tømmerer om bord på ”Danmark”, sejsskibsstyrmand. udlært snedker. Chr. Bendix Thostrup, 1876-1945, Knud Christiansen, 1876-1916, 3. styrmand, regnskabsfører og matros, har sejlet på Grønland, sekretær. desuden sejlmager. Ivar Weinschenk, 1882-1963, Peter Hansen, 1877-1915, 1. maskinmester sejlet for rederierne matros, deltager i Amdrups ØK og Norden. ekspedition til Østgrønland. 4 Charles Poulsen, 1888-1952, Andreas Lundager, 1869-1940, matros, stak til søs som 15-årig, botaniker uddannet lærer, har arbejdet sejlet på Grønland. på Grønland. Carl Johan Ring, 1870-1918, norsk islods, sejlet på ”Danmark” A.L.V. Manniche, 1867-1957, på fangstrejser til Østgrønland. ornitolog, zoolog og jæger, uddannet lærer. Harald Hagerup, 1877-1947, norsk elektriker med erfaring fra andre polarekspeditioner. Hakon Jarner, 1882-1964, Videnskaben: geolog og uddannet ingeniør fra J.P. Koch, 1870-1928, Polyteknisk Læreranstalt. premierløjtnant, kartograf, erfaring fra Island og Grønland. Alfred Wegener, 1880-1930, tysk naturvidenskabsmand inden for N.P. Høeg Hagen, 1877-1907, fysik og meteorologi. premierløjtnant og kartograf på den store slæderejse. Peter Freuchen, 1886-1957, Frits Johansen, 1882-1957, stud.med. hyret som fyrbøder, ekspeditionens zoolog, stud.mag. ved assistent for egener. Københavns Universitet. 5 Slædekørere og fangere: Jørgen Brønlund, 1877-1907, grønlænder, kateketuddannet, fanger og slædekusk. Tobias Gabrielsen, 1878-1945, grønlandsk fanger, slædebygger og slædekusk. Hendrik Olsen, 1884-1917, grønlandsk fanger, slædekusk og altmuligmand. Malerne: Medlemmerne af Danmark Ekspeditionen i Foto: Christian Bendix Thostrups Aage Bertelsen, 1873-1945, Frederikshavn. Fra venstre: Koch, B. Thostrup, fotosamling, Arktisk Institut, Køben- Knud Christiansen, Bistrup, Høeg Hagen, havn. www.arktiskebilleder.dk, billed- kunstmaler, udlært på Manniche, Johansen, Trolle, Mylius-Erichsen, nummer 07444. Hansen, Ring, Hagerup, Bertelsen, Zahrtmanns malerskole. Weinschenck, Koefoed, Freuchen, Wegener, Alle portrætter i afsnittet „De 28 Lundager, Lindhard, G. Thostrup, Jarner, Jensen, deltagere:“ udsnit fra fotografier i Achton Friis, 1871-1939, Poulsen, Friis. (÷ Gundahl Knudsen, Jørgen www.arktiskebilleder.dk Brønlund, Tobias Gabrielsen og Hendrik Olsen) Danmark-Ekspeditionens fotosamling, kunstmaler, udlært Arktisk Institut, København. Frederikshavn, Danmark, 27. juni 1906. håndværksmaler, Akademiet 1895-99. 6 Ekspeditioner til Grønlands østkyst siden 1751 1751 Peder Olesen Walløe, Den kgl. 1898-1900 Carlsbergfondets 1924 Scoresby Sund Komiteens grønlandske Handel. Ekspedition til Østgrønland, Amdrup. ekspedition, Mikkelsen. 1806-13 Mineralogiske 1905 Belgica-Ekspeditionen, hertugen 1924-25 Zoologiske Undersøgelser, Undersøgelser, K.L. Giesecke. af Orleans. Alwin Petersen. 1822 Kortlægning af Scoresby Sund 1905-06 Etnologiske folkloristiske og 1926 Fransk kysten, William Scoresby. sproglige studier, Thalbitzers. havforskningsekspedtion, Charcot. 1823 Engelsk ekspedition, Sabine og 1906-08 Danmark-Ekspeditionen, 1926 The Cambridge East Greenland Clavering. Mylius-Erichsen. Expedition, Wordie. 1828 Løjtnant W.A. Graah. 1909-12 Alabama-Ekspeditionen, 1926-27 Østgrønlands-Ekspedition til 1869-70 Hansa-Ekspeditionen, Mikkelsen. Kong Christian X’s Land, Lauge Koldewey. 1909 Fangstmandsperioden i Koch. Jagten på Danmark- 1881 Undersøgelser af storisens drift i Østgrønland begynder. 1929 The Cambridge University East Ekspeditionens slædehold 1 Davisstrædet, Holm og Sylow. 1912 1. Thule-Ekspedition, Greeland Expedition, Wordie. 1883-85 Konebåds-Ekspeditionen til Rasmussen. 1929-30 Mineralogiske Ammassalik, Holm og Garde. 1912-13 Dr. Louise Land- Undersøgelser, Bøgvad. 1891-92 Hekla-Ekspeditionen til Ekspeditionen, J.P. Koch og 1929-30 Østgrønlands-Ekspeditionen Scoresby Sund, Ryder. A.Wegener. til Kong Christian X’s Land, Lauge 1891-1902 Robert E. Peary’s 1912-13 Schweizisk Ekspedition, Koch. ekspeditioner
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